This chapter introduces the key concepts of geography. It defines geography as the study of the Earth, including both physical and human elements. Physical geography is divided into four components: the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. Human geography also has four components: population, settlements, development, and culture. The chapter also outlines four core geographical concepts: place, space, scale, and environment. Students are assigned tasks to further their understanding of these foundational geographical terms and concepts.

1. Chapter 1:
Introduction

2. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN...
What geography means
Physical versus human geography
The four components of physical geography
The four components of human geography
The four geographical concepts

3. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
It is a term of Greek origin, which means
‘geo’ = earth
‘graphy’ = to write or study
Therefore, ‘geography’ = to study about the earth
...and we seriously mean anything
and everything IN it and ON it,
which includes YOU!

4. WHAT DO GEOGRAPHERS STUDY?
Anything and everything on Earth is honestly A LOT of ‘things’, so
geographers classify these ‘things’ into 2 categories
PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY
HUMAN
GEOGRAPHY
...the natural environments that
make up the earth. Geographers
study
how
these
natural
environments (spheres) work and
interact with one another. They
also study how these affect and
are affected by humans.
...the issues and activities that
concern humans. Geographers
study how these issues and
activities interact with one
another, and how they affect and
are affected by the natural
environment.

5. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
The natural environment is divided into 4 main categories
BIOSPHERE
...all living organisms
that exist on earth,
including plants and
animals.
HYDROSPHERE
...all the water on the
earth, which includes
surface, underground
and air.
LITHOSPHERE
...the solid outermost
layer (crust) of the
earth’s surface.
ATMOSPHERE
...the layer of gas that
surrounds the earth
and the processes that
involve it.

6. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
The human environment is divided into 4 main categories
SETTLEMENTS
POPULATION
...places where people
...the total number of
live, work and carry
people living in a place.
out activities.
CULTURE
...the way people live,
including
economic
activities, custom and
religion.
DEVELOPMENT
...how resources are
used to achieve higher
living standards.

7. GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS
A part of the
earth’s surface
that
people
identify
and
give meaning
to.
SPACE
PLACE
The
features
and processes ENVIRO
in the world NMENT
that surrounds
us.
The way things
are distributed
and arranged
over an area;
patterns.
SCALE
The level at
which a feature
or an issue is
examined.
Geographical
Eye

8. KEY TERMS
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTS
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Population
Settlements
Development
Culture
Place
Space
Scale
Environment
In-class Assignment:
Complete WB Ex. 1.1 on pages 1 to 4.
Submit at the end of this lesson.
Take-home Task:
Read TB pages 6 to 14 to revise what each key term means.
Complete WB Ex. 1.2 on pages 5 and 6.
Read TB pages 20 to 35 to prepare for next lesson.