An small lecture about Accelerated Weathering during the Climate Engineering Conference at Berlin (August 2014). Central theme: What can geo-engineering and enhanced weathering learn from Accelerated Weathering? Bottom line: Look for more benefits then "just CO2" (i.e. counter acting ocean acidification, civil applications, nutrients release)

1. CLIMATE(ENGINEERING(CONFERENCE(2014(
Session:(Enhanced(Mineral(Weathering:(
Poten5al(and(Consequences(
Date:(20(July(2014(
Loca5on:(Scandic(Hotel(Potzdammer(Platz(Berlin(
Title:(
CO2$re'use$with$accelerated$olivine$weathering;$
making$products$from$olivine$and$CO2(
8/22/14( CEC(2014( 1(

2. Pol(Knops(
Innova5on(Concepts(B.V.(
knops@innova5onconcepts.eu(
Tel:(+31(6S51304842(
CO2 (re-)use
CO2 from a waste to an asset?
making products from olivine and CO2

3. Myself(
• Pol(Knops(
• 50(year(
• MSc(Physisc(@(Twente((Nl)(
• Renewable,(energy(projects:(
• >(12(years(Gravity(Pressure(Vessel(
• 4(years(Mineraliza5on:(Ambient(<=>(Accelerated(
• PhDSstudent(@(Leuven((topic:(Olivine(&(GPV)(
CO2: 322,25 ppm
CO2: 397,73 ppm

4. ReacCon(
Coal(
Gaseous(CO2(
Solid(Carbonate(
ΔH(=(11,1(MJ/kg(
CO2(
80%(
ΔH(=(2,7(MJ/kg(CO2(
20%(
20/8/14( 4(CEC(2014(
Olivine:
Mg2SiO4 +2CO2 =>

5. Disadvantages(
• Slow(reac5on(speed:(
• Volumes(to(be(handled(
• Costs(
• Environmental$applica<ons:$
Nickel,$Chromium$
Conditions Focus
ambient CO2
Ambient CO2 +
Various product
HPHT Products
Natural weathering
Combined effects
Product replacement
Process intensification
CO2 ->

6. MeeCngs(
Accelerated(
Chemical(Engineering(
• 2006(London(
• 2008(Rome(
• 2010(Turku(
• 2013(Leuven(
• 2015(New(York(
8/20/14( CEC(2014( 6(
Ambient(
Biological(
2014(Hamburg(

7. Academic(groups(
• Ex=situ(only:(
– Columbia(University(New(York,(USA(
– Turku,(Finland(
– KU(Leuven,(Belgium(
– ETH,(Switzerland(
– Herioh(Wah,(Edinburgh,(UK(
– Cambridge,(UK(
– University(of(Newcastle,(Australia(
– University(of(Rome,(Italy(
– University(of(Tallin,(Estonia(
8/20/14( 7(CEC(2014(

8. 8/20/14( CEC(2014( 8(
Company( “Maturity”( Field(of(operaCon(
Cambridge(Carbon(Capture(( UK( ++( Products,(sec.(CO2(
Calera( USA( ++( Products(
Calix(/(Novacem( AU( +( Products(
Climeworks( CH( ++((demo)( Products(
Solidia( USA( ++( Products(
Recmix( B( +++((plant)( Products(
Carbon8( UK( +++((plant)( Waste(improvement(
Carbon(Engineering(( CA( +( CO2(reuse(
CO2(Solu5ons( CA( ++( CO2(reuse(
CO2(Transforma5on(( AU( ?( Products(
Global(Thermostate(( USA( +( CO2(reuse(
Greenmag( AU( +++((pilot(plant(?)( Products(
InnovaCon(Concepts(( NL( +((batch(lab)( Products(
ICS( AU( 0( Products(
Kilimanjaro(Energy(( USA( +( CO2(reuse(
Skyonic( USA( ++((pilot(plant)( Products(
Procede(/(Twence( NL( +++((plant)( Products(

9. 1ES5(
Achieved(dissolu5on(
rate(
1ES4( Required(dissolu5on(
rate(
Conversion(

10. Process(intensificaCon(
• Chemical(process(
• Studied(1990S2005:(
• High(Pressure,(High(temperature:(
• Accelerated(reac5on(rate:(
185°C,((
100(bar(P(CO2,((
1(hour(residence(5me(
• Exothermic(behavior(known,(but(not(used(
8/20/14( 10(CEC(2014(

11. Design(
8/20/14( CEC(2014( 11(
Een GPV-reactor gebruikt de zwaartekracht om de benodigde druk te creëren,
terwijl de warmte die bij de reactie vrijkomt zorgt voor de gewenste hoge temperaturen.
Gravity Pressure Vessel (GPV)
van water en
gemalen olivijn
injectie slurry
stoom
slurry
carbonaten
slurry
stroomt weer terug naar boven
© De Ingenieur / Marcel Groenen
afgetapt en gebruikt voor
productie van elektriciteit
water
reageert met olivijn en
vormt carbonaten:
koolstofdioxide
magnesiumcarbonaat
zand (silicaten)
zwaartekracht
zorgt voor de
benodigde druk
Warmte die bij de reactie vrijkomt
zorgt voor hoge temperaturen

12. RealizaCon(
8/20/14( 12(CEC(2014(

13. Test(equipment(
8/20/14( 13(CEC(2014(

14. ReacCon(products(
8/20/14( 14(CEC(2014(

15. ReacCon(products(
Sample:(U3:(
SiO2(
MgCO3(
8/20/14( 15(CEC(2014(

16. ReacCon(products(
8/22/14( CEC(2014( 16(

17. ReacCon(2(
8/20/14( 17(CEC(2014(
Dissolving olivine

18. ApplicaCons(and(Scale(
ApplicaCons:((end(products(==(Cover(Costs(
Scale:(
– Now:((Batch(autoclave((1(liter/batch):(
– Next(phase:((Con5nuous(autoclave((100(liter/hr)((
– Future(1:((300(kton(CO2/yr(
– Future(2:(Full(scale:§Mton(CO2/yr((
8/20/14( 18(CEC(2014(

19. “Take(home(message”(
• Accelerated(weathering((process$industry):(
is(speeding(up,(academic(&(industrial(
• Making(product(is(important((not(“just”(CO2)(
• Advice:(Ambient(weathering:(
Seek(combina5on(CO2(and(other(effects:(
S(Alkalinity,(Magnesium(release,(Silica(
• Start,(at(small(scale(
8/20/14( CEC(2014( 19(

20. End(
Questions ?
8/20/14( 20(CEC(2014(
Contact(data:(
Innova5on(Concepts(B.V.(
Gorinchem,(Netherlands(
www.innova5onconcepts.eu((
info@innova5onconcepts.eu Presentation on Slideshare
Q: CO2 from a waste to an asset?
A: An acid to be used