Making Products from CO2 and Olivine (accelerated weathering)
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A lecture held at the Dutch CCS Symposium. Subject: Using accelerated weathering for producing valuable materials from CO2 and Olivine
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Making Products from CO2 and Olivine (accelerated weathering)
- 2. Pol!Knops! Innova4on!Concepts!B.V.! knops@innova4onconcepts.eu! Tel:!06M51304842! CO2 (re-)use CO2 re-use with accelerated olivine weathering; making products from olivine and CO2
- 3. Myself$ • Pol!Knops! • 50!year! • MSc!Physisc!@!Twente! • Renewable,!energy!projects:! • >!12!years!Gravity!Pressure!Vessel! • 4!years!Mineraliza4on! • PhDMstudent!@!Leuven!(topic:!Olivine!&!GPV)! CO2: 322,25 ppm CO2: 401,85 ppm
- 4. Presenta8on$ • Historical!development! • Current!state! • Our!project! 6/19/14! CATO!2014! 4!
- 6. Carbon$deposits$ Amount$(C)$ (X$10E15$kg)$ Rela8ve$ (%)$ Limestone!(CaCO3)! 35.000! 47%$ Dolomites!(CaCO3MgCO3)! 25.000! 33%$ Sedimentary!carbon! 15.000! 20%! Recoverable!fossil!fuels! 4! 0,005%! Oceanic!HCO3M!CO32M! 42! 0,056%! Dead!Surficial!Carbon!(humus,!peat)! 3! 0,004%! Atmospheric!CO2! 0,72! 0,00095%! Biomass! 0,56! 0,0007%! Anthropogenic!emissions! 0,008/year! Natural!(volcanic)! 0,00005!/yr! (1%)! “Live” “Dead” 6/19/14! 6!CATO!2014!
- 10. Gaining$more$R&D$aSen8on$ Year Name Description University 1997 Jonckbloedtt The dissolution of olivine in acid Utrecht 1997 Lieftink The preparation of and characterization of silica from acid treatment of olivine Utrecht 2004 Gormley An integrated experimental and first-principle computational study of CO2 mineral carbonation reactions in Olivine and Serpentine Phoenix Bearat Mineral sequestration of Carbon Dioxide. Enhancing carbonation reactivity of brucite and forsterite Phoenix Nunea Mineral sequestration of CO2 in San Carlos Olivine – An atomic level reaction study Phoenix 2005 Park CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ACTIVATION OF AQUEOUS CARBONATION OF Mg-BEARING MINERALS AND pH SWING PROCESS Ohio 2006 Kim Nanoscale analysis for the San Carlos Olivine Carbonation Reaction Mechanism Phoenix Huntzinger Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in cement kiln Dust through mineral carbonation Michigan 2007 Olsen FORSTERITE DISSOLUTION KINETICS:APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CHEMICAL WEATHERING Virginia Huigen Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mineral Carbonation Wageningen Hänchen CO2 storage by aqueous mineral carbonation; olivine dissolution and precipitation of MG-carbonates Zürich Uliasz- Bochenczyk Waste used for CO2 bonding via mineral carbonation Krakow
- 11. Gaining$more$R&D$aSen8on$2$ Year Name Description University 2008 Van Essendelft Kinetics of the acid digestion of serpentine with concurrent grinding for the purpose of CO2 sequestration Pennsylvan ia Ramme An investigation of CO2 sequestration through mineralization Milwaukee Jarvis Reaction mechanisms for enhancing carbon dioxide mineral sequestration Phoenix Teir FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY PRODUCING CARBONATES FROM MINERALS AND STEELMAKING SLAGS Espoo Staires Assessing the viability of CO2 sequestration in eastern snake river plains basalts, Southern Idaho Pocatello Uibu Abatement of CO2 emissions in Estonian oil shale based power production Tallinn 2009 Flaathen Water rock interaction during CO2 sequestration in Basalt Toulouse Wilson Mineral traps for greenhouse gases in mine tailings. A protocol for verifying and quantifying CO2 sequestration in ultramafic mines Vancouver Daldoul Caracterisation et etude de la performance du Chrysoltile dans la capture du dioxyde de carbone dans les procédés gaz-solide Quebec Costa Accelerated carbonation of minerals and industrial residues for carbon dioxide storage Rome Krevor Mineral carbon dioxide sequestration: Enhancing process kinetics and a resource base assessment for minerals suitable for use in enhanced carbonation processes Columbia 2010 Stasiulaitiene Binding potential of concentrated carbon dioxide using Lithuanian rocks Kaunas Eloneva Reduction of CO2 emissions by mineral carbonation; steelmaking slags as a rwa material with a pure Calcium Carbonate end product Espoo Piredda Stabilization of MSW combustion residues by accelerated carbonation treatment and their potential carbon dioxide sequestration Cagliari
- 12. Gaining$more$R&D$aSen8on$3$ Year Name Description University 2010 Saha Advanced Mineral Sequestration Phoenix Haug Dissolution and carbonation of mechanically activated olivine Trondheim Prigiobbe Mineral carbonation for CO2 storage Zürich 2011 Renforth Mineral carbonation in soils Newcastle Kwon MINERALIZATION FOR CO2 SEQUESTRATION USING OLIVINE SORBENT IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER VAPOR Georgia Wang Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage by Mineralisation Using Recyclable Ammonium Salts Nottingham 2012 Stockmann Experimental Study of Basalt Carbonatization Toulouse Fagerlund Carbonation of Mg(OH)2 in a pressurized fluidized bed for CO2 sequestration Turku Nduagu Production of Mg(OH)2 from Mg-silicate rock for CO2 mineral sequestration Turku Mervic Determining Timescales of Natural Carbonation of Peridotite in the Samail Ophiolite (Oman) Woods Hole Back Mineral Sequestration of CO2 by reaction with alkaline residues Bayreuth Hövelmann Carbonation reactions in ultramafic rocks: experimental insights into physicochemical processes, microtexure evolution and reaction mechanisms Oslo Beinlich Carbonation reactions in ultramafic rocks Oslo Bonfils Mechasmes et verrous de la carbonation minerale du CO2 en voie aqueuse Toulouse Gupta CO2 sequestration through Mineral Carbonation in Alkaline Wastes New Delhi
- 13. Gaining$more$R&D$aSen8on$4$ Year Name Description University Paukert CO2 capture and Storage. Natural and Enhanced Mineralization in Peridotite Aquifiers of the Samail Ophiolite (Oman) New York Balucan Thermal studies of Magnesium Silicates from the Great Serpentine Belt in New South Wales NS Wales 2013 Oskierski Natural carbonation of ultramafic rocks in the Great Serpentine Belt NS Wales Salek Mineral CO2 Sequestration by Environmental Biotechnological Processes. Delft Santos Sustainable Materialization of Residues from Thermal Processes into Carbon Sinks Leuven Roland Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation Potential in Ultramafic Rocks West Scotland 2016 Knops CO2 sequestration with a Gravity Pressure Vessel: “Modeling and Lab results” Leuven
- 14. “Dutch”$research$ • UU:!! ! Prof.!Schuiling!! ! ! ! ! ! CO2 • NIOZ:!! ! Francesc!Montserrat! ! ! ! alkalinity! • Amsterdam! Arie!Vonk! ! ! ! ! ! nutrients,!CO2 • CATO!2014:!!Shiva!Salek!! ! ! ! ! ! ! biogas • WUR:!! ! Hein!ten!Berge,!Rene!Rietra!! Alkalinity • WUR:! ! Ralph!Lindeboom! ! ! ! ! biogas • Deltares:! RWS,!greenSand!! ! ! ! ! Civil • Movares:!Inspec4on!path! ! ! ! ! ! Civil • Antwerpen! Barley/Wheat! ! ! ! ! CO2,!nutrient!! • Leuven!! Pol!Knops! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! End!product
- 15. Mineraliza8on$reac8on$ Olivine: Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 => 2MgCO3 + SiO2 [∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol] 6/19/14! 15!CATO!2014!
- 16. Exothermic$reac8on$ Coal! Gaseous!CO2! Solid!Carbonate! ΔH!=!11,1!MJ/kg!CO2! 80%$ ΔH!=!2,7!MJ/kg!CO2! 20%$ “The ground energy state of carbon is a mineral carbonate” 6/19/14! 16!CATO!2014!
- 17. Advantages$ • Permanent:! – Geological!4me!scale! – No!legacy!issue! • Environmental!benign! • Large!quan44es!available! • Poten;al$use$exothermic$reac;on$
- 18. Disadvantages$ • Slow!reac4on!speed:! • Volumes!to!be!handled! • Costs$ • Environmental$applica;ons:$ Nickel,$Chromium$ Conditions Focus ambient CO2 Ambient CO2 + Various product HPHT Products Natural weathering Combined effects Product replacement Process intensification Products
- 22. Company$ “Maturity”$ Field$of$opera8on$ Cambridge!Carbon!Capture!! ++! Products,!sec.!CO2! Calera! ++! Products! Calix!/!Novacem! +! Products! Carbon8! +++!(plant)$ Waste!improvement! Carbon!Cure! +++!(pilot)! Products! Carbstone! +++!(plant)! Products! Carbon!Engineering!! +! CO2!reuse! CO2!Solu4ons! ++! CO2!reuse! CO2!Transforma4on!! ?! Products! Global!Thermostate!! +! CO2!reuse! Greenmag! +++$(pilot$plant)$ Products! Innova4on!Concepts!! +!(batch!lab)! Products! ICS! 0! Products! Kilimanjaro!Energy!! +! CO2!reuse! Skyonic! ++!(pilot$plant)$ Products! 6/19/14! 22!CATO!2014!
- 25. Process$intensifica8on$ • Chemical!process! • Studied!1990M2005:! • High!Pressure,!High!temperature:! • Enhanced!reac4on!rate:! 185°C,!! 40M100!bar!P!CO2,!! 1!hour!residence!4me! • Exothermic!behavior!known,!but!not!used! 6/19/14! 25!CATO!2014!
- 26. My$experience$ • Slow!reac4on!rate:! 275°C,!! 100!bar!P!O2,!! 1!hour!residence!4me! • Exothermic!reac4on:! M!Extremely!low!energy!density:$0,34$MJ/kg$ • Typical!550.000!m3/yr!(100!m3/hr)! 6/19/14! 26!CATO!2014!
- 29. Process$ • Comparison!to!VerTech!process! Comparison$ VerTech$ CO2$Energy$reactor$ (pilot$scale)$ Experience! Construc4on!period! >!10!years! 1992!M!1994! Not! !M! Throughput! 120!m3/hr! 550.000!m3/yr! 100!m3/hr! 20!ton!Olivine/hr! Energy!produc4on! Recovery! 9.5!MW(th)! 50%!@!260°C! 9.8!MW(th)! 50%!@!180°C! Energy!density! 0.34$MJ/kg$ 0.42$MJ/kg$ Gas!injec4on! O2:!2400!kg/hr! CO2:!12!ton/hr! 100kton$CO2/yr$ Max.!temp! Depth! 270°C! 1200!meter! 190°C!! 1200!meter!
- 31. Partners$ Consor8um$agreement:$ M University!of!Leuven! ! ! (Research,!kine4cs)! M Sibelco!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! (Olivine)! M Steel!company!! ! ! ! ! (CO2)! M ISPT! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (Sustainable!Process)! M Innova4on!Concepts! ! ! (Patent)! • Adjacent$research$ • University!of!Lorain!!! ! ! (Research,!separa4on)! • CEA!(marcoule)! ! ! ! ! (Separa4on)! 6/19/14! 31!CATO!2014!
- 39. Sequestered$CO2$ 6/19/14! CATO!2014! 39! 50! 55! 60! 65! 70! 75! 80! 85! 90! 95! 100! 100! 200! 300! 400! 500! 600! 700! 800! 900! Weight$(%)$ Temperature$(Celsius)$ TGA$results$ Float!3,3!Sink!2,76! FLoat!2,76! MgCO3 ------------> MgO + CO2 " SiO2 ------------> SiO2 Mg2SiO4 -------- Mg2SiO4 Heat (450 C) Per kg product: 350 gram CO2 sequestered
- 40. Mineralogy$ • Crystalline!MagnesiumMCarbonate!(Magnesite)! • Amorphous!Silica! 6/19/14! CATO!2014! 40!
- 41. Applica8ons$ • Concrete! ! ! ! Silica!(pozzolanic!ac4vity)! .!! ! ! ! ! ! ! Fine!dispersed!par4cles! • Metals! ! ! ! ! Recovery!Fe,!Ni,!Cr! • Coa4ngs!/!paints!! “filler”!,addi4onal!advantage! .!! ! ! ! ! ! ! (par4cle!size,!color)!! • Paper!! ! ! ! ! Silica!+!valued!filler! .!! ! ! ! ! ! ! (par4cle!size,!color)! 6/19/14! CATO!2014! 41! CO2 “positive” + replacement valuable product
- 43. Future$ • Phase!2!Consor4um! • Valorize!endMproducts! • Horizon!2020! Questions ? 6/19/14! 43!CATO!2014! Contact$data:$ Innova4on!Concepts!B.V.! Gorinchem,!Netherlands! www.innova4onconcepts.eu!! info@innova4onconcepts.eu Presentation on Slideshare