ID IGF 2016 - Hukum 3 - Peran Negara dalam Kedaulatan SiberIGF Indonesia
Presented by Kristiono (Masyarakat Telematika / Mastel)
ID IGF 2016
Sesi Hukum 3 - Mewujudkan Kedaulatan dan Ketahanan Siber Indonesia
Jakarta, 15 November 2016
ID IGF 2016 - Hukum 3 - Peran Negara dalam Kedaulatan SiberIGF Indonesia
Presented by Kristiono (Masyarakat Telematika / Mastel)
ID IGF 2016
Sesi Hukum 3 - Mewujudkan Kedaulatan dan Ketahanan Siber Indonesia
Jakarta, 15 November 2016
Indonesia 2014 National ID-IGF Dialogue ResumeID-IGF
The 2014 National ID-IGF Dialogue is a discussion and dialogue-based forum facilitated by experts and practitioners of Internet governance sub-fields. There were 4 baskets discussed in this event: Infrastructure, Economy, Law and Socio-Culture. In each session, the elaboration of Internet governance issues will take place in the form of discussions and dialogue in order to draw a general framework of ideas for better Internet governance among Indonesian stakeholders. The results of the forum will be delivered as the Indonesian Internet community’s input for the 9th Global Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in Istanbul, Turkey, which will be held from September 2nd to 5th, 2014.
An Exploratory Study on Mechanisms in Place to Combat Hacking In South Africa...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, third world countries such as South Africa have made steadily developments towards combating hacking as a form of Cybercrime. The developments made by the South African Criminal Justice towards the prevention of hacking have been mildly progressive. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime is the treaty that all South African legislation and policy with regard to hacking is required to be in line with this convention. This treaty has also been the cornerstone to first world countries such as the United States, when preventing cybercrime such as hacking. In order for South Africans to have a safe and secure cyberspace that is free from hackers; there needs to be a co-operative system put in place by the South African Criminal Justice System that involves the government, non-profit organizations and the community. A Criminal Justice system that works closely with the community is able to properly guide its members and correctly prosecute the crime of hacking. Therefore, using qualitative secondary data this paper explores the existing measures put in place by the South African Criminal Justice to combat hacking. The findings of this paper indicate that conceptual understanding of this crime (hacking) can play a pivotal role in addressing the manifestation of this crime in a large extent as the nature and extent can be established, the use of technological means also contribute to hacking, this is also linked to individuals (victims) ignorance. For recommendations, the use of technology and conventional method in awareness can help in responding to the scale and consequence of hacking in South Africa.
Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT Dr Lendy Spires
Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT “The so-called digital divide is actually several gaps in one. There is a technological divide great gaps in infrastructure. There is a content divide. A lot of web-based information is simply not relevant to the real needs of people. And nearly 70 per cent of the world’s websites are in English, at times crowding out local voices and views.
There is a gender divide, with women and girls enjoying less access to information technology Introduction ICT and development The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool for development has attracted the sustained attention of the United Nations over recent years. Strategic partnerships have been developed with donors, the private sector and civil society, and working groups and task forces have been established to enhance inter-agency collaboration throughout the United Nations system. In 2000, the Economic and Social Council adopted a Ministerial Declaration on the role of information technology in the context of a knowledge-based economy.
In 2001, the Secretary-General established a high-level Information and Communication Technologies Task Force to provide overall leadership to the United Nations on the formulation of strategies to put ICT at the service of development.2 The Millennium Declaration adopted in 2000 underscored the urgency of ensuring that the benefits of new technologies, especially ICT, are made available to all. To achieve this goal, a United Nations World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was planned in two phases. The first phase, the Geneva Summit in December 2003, aimed to develop political will and to establish the foundations for an Information Society for all.
In total, 175 Governments endorsed the Declaration of Principles3 and Plan of Action at the first phase.4 The second phase of WSIS is planned for November 2005 in Tunis. Information and Communication Technologies comprise a complex and heterogeneous set of goods, applications and services used to produce, process, distribute and transform information.
As legal services technology tools evolve, taking into account the diverse populations these tools are created to serve is crucial to their overall impact and use. Taking into account the specific needs of vulnerable communities can ensure that these tools serve an entire client population. This workshop will focus on best practices in designing technology tools and content with sensitivity to issues surrounding gender identity and expression, racial and ethnic diversity, limited English proficiency, disability and 508 compliance as well as their intersectionality.
• Talley Wells, Director, Disability Integration Project, Atlanta Legal Aid Society
• Xander Karsten, Project Manager, LegalServer
• Camille Holmes, Director, Leadership & Racial Equity Initiative of the National Legal Aid & Defender Association
• Mirenda Meghelli, LawHelp Interactive Program Coordinator, Pro Bono Net (moderator)
The Internet has become closely associated with freedom of expression and the global economy. Today, it plays a direct or indirect role in almost every aspect of life. Yet many fear the Internet as we have come to know it is at risk, with restrictions forcing fragmentation along political, corporate, or cultural lines. Despite growing concerns about the future of the Internet, discussion surrounding online freedom remains largely mired in a handful of issues: the necessity and appropriateness of government surveillance in the United States, digital privacy in Europe, and censorship in authoritarian states such as China. However, between them, the United States, Europe, and China account for less than half of the world’s Internet users. For much of the rest of the world, any discussion of Internet freedom falls at the complex intersection of political and social liberties, nation-building, security threats, economic development, and resource constraints.
Asia’s biggest developing democracies - India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Thailand - account for a quarter of the world’s people, but only about one-tenth of the global online population. The policy decisions these states make going forward will be of considerable importance for the future of the Internet and offer some useful lessons about the limitations and vulnerabilities of the global Internet freedom agenda as it is currently being pursued by the United States and Europe.
From a survey of these countries’ experiences, six broad conclusions or principles can be drawn. First, the online world is an outgrowth of the offline world, rather than a distinct phenomenon. Internet policy cannot be considered in a vacuum, or divorced from other relevant aspects of public policy, such as security, economic policy, or governance. Second, laws, norms, and cultural attitudes related to Internet use vary widely, even among democracies. A one-size-fits-all approach to Internet freedom will not work and may even prove counterproductive. Third, online freedoms and greater security are not inherently at odds with one another in open societies. Discourse that presents a false choice between security and freedom is harmful for both, as well as for state legitimacy and economic growth.
Fourth, while much discussion of Internet freedom frames the issue as a conflict between governments, corporations, and civil society, each sector is divided on the merits of unfettered Internet freedom. Fifth, current legislation pertaining to the Internet in many democratic countries is deeply flawed, even in the context of their own constitutional rights pertaining to freedom of expression. By and large, Internet-related legislation is vague, making implementation arbitrary, and undermining public trust in state institutions. And sixth, users are often not adequately informed of the privileges and restrictions associated with Internet use in their native countries. Policies and initiat
Tom Krcha & Petr Pecháček: Adobe rocks! Flash a HTML5WebExpo
Dynamická přednáška nabitá přehledem inspirativních ukázek ze světa Flashe. Přijdte se podívat, co opravdu frčí, co vás na webu čeká a jak Adobe zjednodušuje život tvůrcům aplikací ať už pro web, desktop či Android.
Dále si představíme podporu HTML5, skinování redakčních systémů (Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla) a multi-screen testování webů v Dreamweaver CS5. Augmented Reality, Multi-Touch, Peer-to-Peer, Audio/Video telefonie – to vše a další novinky.
Indonesia 2014 National ID-IGF Dialogue ResumeID-IGF
The 2014 National ID-IGF Dialogue is a discussion and dialogue-based forum facilitated by experts and practitioners of Internet governance sub-fields. There were 4 baskets discussed in this event: Infrastructure, Economy, Law and Socio-Culture. In each session, the elaboration of Internet governance issues will take place in the form of discussions and dialogue in order to draw a general framework of ideas for better Internet governance among Indonesian stakeholders. The results of the forum will be delivered as the Indonesian Internet community’s input for the 9th Global Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in Istanbul, Turkey, which will be held from September 2nd to 5th, 2014.
An Exploratory Study on Mechanisms in Place to Combat Hacking In South Africa...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, third world countries such as South Africa have made steadily developments towards combating hacking as a form of Cybercrime. The developments made by the South African Criminal Justice towards the prevention of hacking have been mildly progressive. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime is the treaty that all South African legislation and policy with regard to hacking is required to be in line with this convention. This treaty has also been the cornerstone to first world countries such as the United States, when preventing cybercrime such as hacking. In order for South Africans to have a safe and secure cyberspace that is free from hackers; there needs to be a co-operative system put in place by the South African Criminal Justice System that involves the government, non-profit organizations and the community. A Criminal Justice system that works closely with the community is able to properly guide its members and correctly prosecute the crime of hacking. Therefore, using qualitative secondary data this paper explores the existing measures put in place by the South African Criminal Justice to combat hacking. The findings of this paper indicate that conceptual understanding of this crime (hacking) can play a pivotal role in addressing the manifestation of this crime in a large extent as the nature and extent can be established, the use of technological means also contribute to hacking, this is also linked to individuals (victims) ignorance. For recommendations, the use of technology and conventional method in awareness can help in responding to the scale and consequence of hacking in South Africa.
Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT Dr Lendy Spires
Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT “The so-called digital divide is actually several gaps in one. There is a technological divide great gaps in infrastructure. There is a content divide. A lot of web-based information is simply not relevant to the real needs of people. And nearly 70 per cent of the world’s websites are in English, at times crowding out local voices and views.
There is a gender divide, with women and girls enjoying less access to information technology Introduction ICT and development The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool for development has attracted the sustained attention of the United Nations over recent years. Strategic partnerships have been developed with donors, the private sector and civil society, and working groups and task forces have been established to enhance inter-agency collaboration throughout the United Nations system. In 2000, the Economic and Social Council adopted a Ministerial Declaration on the role of information technology in the context of a knowledge-based economy.
In 2001, the Secretary-General established a high-level Information and Communication Technologies Task Force to provide overall leadership to the United Nations on the formulation of strategies to put ICT at the service of development.2 The Millennium Declaration adopted in 2000 underscored the urgency of ensuring that the benefits of new technologies, especially ICT, are made available to all. To achieve this goal, a United Nations World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was planned in two phases. The first phase, the Geneva Summit in December 2003, aimed to develop political will and to establish the foundations for an Information Society for all.
In total, 175 Governments endorsed the Declaration of Principles3 and Plan of Action at the first phase.4 The second phase of WSIS is planned for November 2005 in Tunis. Information and Communication Technologies comprise a complex and heterogeneous set of goods, applications and services used to produce, process, distribute and transform information.
As legal services technology tools evolve, taking into account the diverse populations these tools are created to serve is crucial to their overall impact and use. Taking into account the specific needs of vulnerable communities can ensure that these tools serve an entire client population. This workshop will focus on best practices in designing technology tools and content with sensitivity to issues surrounding gender identity and expression, racial and ethnic diversity, limited English proficiency, disability and 508 compliance as well as their intersectionality.
• Talley Wells, Director, Disability Integration Project, Atlanta Legal Aid Society
• Xander Karsten, Project Manager, LegalServer
• Camille Holmes, Director, Leadership & Racial Equity Initiative of the National Legal Aid & Defender Association
• Mirenda Meghelli, LawHelp Interactive Program Coordinator, Pro Bono Net (moderator)
The Internet has become closely associated with freedom of expression and the global economy. Today, it plays a direct or indirect role in almost every aspect of life. Yet many fear the Internet as we have come to know it is at risk, with restrictions forcing fragmentation along political, corporate, or cultural lines. Despite growing concerns about the future of the Internet, discussion surrounding online freedom remains largely mired in a handful of issues: the necessity and appropriateness of government surveillance in the United States, digital privacy in Europe, and censorship in authoritarian states such as China. However, between them, the United States, Europe, and China account for less than half of the world’s Internet users. For much of the rest of the world, any discussion of Internet freedom falls at the complex intersection of political and social liberties, nation-building, security threats, economic development, and resource constraints.
Asia’s biggest developing democracies - India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Thailand - account for a quarter of the world’s people, but only about one-tenth of the global online population. The policy decisions these states make going forward will be of considerable importance for the future of the Internet and offer some useful lessons about the limitations and vulnerabilities of the global Internet freedom agenda as it is currently being pursued by the United States and Europe.
From a survey of these countries’ experiences, six broad conclusions or principles can be drawn. First, the online world is an outgrowth of the offline world, rather than a distinct phenomenon. Internet policy cannot be considered in a vacuum, or divorced from other relevant aspects of public policy, such as security, economic policy, or governance. Second, laws, norms, and cultural attitudes related to Internet use vary widely, even among democracies. A one-size-fits-all approach to Internet freedom will not work and may even prove counterproductive. Third, online freedoms and greater security are not inherently at odds with one another in open societies. Discourse that presents a false choice between security and freedom is harmful for both, as well as for state legitimacy and economic growth.
Fourth, while much discussion of Internet freedom frames the issue as a conflict between governments, corporations, and civil society, each sector is divided on the merits of unfettered Internet freedom. Fifth, current legislation pertaining to the Internet in many democratic countries is deeply flawed, even in the context of their own constitutional rights pertaining to freedom of expression. By and large, Internet-related legislation is vague, making implementation arbitrary, and undermining public trust in state institutions. And sixth, users are often not adequately informed of the privileges and restrictions associated with Internet use in their native countries. Policies and initiat
Tom Krcha & Petr Pecháček: Adobe rocks! Flash a HTML5WebExpo
Dynamická přednáška nabitá přehledem inspirativních ukázek ze světa Flashe. Přijdte se podívat, co opravdu frčí, co vás na webu čeká a jak Adobe zjednodušuje život tvůrcům aplikací ať už pro web, desktop či Android.
Dále si představíme podporu HTML5, skinování redakčních systémů (Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla) a multi-screen testování webů v Dreamweaver CS5. Augmented Reality, Multi-Touch, Peer-to-Peer, Audio/Video telefonie – to vše a další novinky.
#ONA12: How to better measure the impact of journalismGreg Linch
My slides from the "Have an impact. Then measure it!" session at the Online News Association conference 2012. Presented Friday, Sept. 21 at 11:30 PT in Bayview AB room.
A computação em nuvem e a Internet das Coisas criaram um amplo conjunto de oportunidades para aplicações inovadoras. Ao analisar este tipo de aplicações em detalhes, concluímos que elas não apenas possuem muitos novos requisitos (em comparação com o software tradicional), mas que muitos desses novos requisitos são comuns a muitas dessas aplicações. Assim, os custos de desenvolvimento podem ser reduzidos pela introdução de novas ferramentas de software destinadas especificamente a este cenário.
Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things have opened up a new space for innovation opportunities. By analyzing these new applications in detail, we not only find that they have many new requirements (in comparison with traditional software), but that many of these new requirements are common to many of them. Hence, development costs can be reduced by the introduction of new and appropriate software tools aimed specifically at this scenario.
Foundub4 Search & Social Media StrategyFoundUB4 Ltd
If your currently searching for freelance social media consultants to help you setup and/or manage your social media campaigns, then you may just be in luck, because that’s exactly what I do.
Esta palestra apresenta os primeiros resultados da edição 2015 do Censo do Setor de TI, comparando e analisando os resultados em perspectiva aos dados de 2013 e 2014, a nível de todos os países participantes e de forma específica para o Brasil.
Internet rights are the rights that individuals have using the Internet.
They are an extension of human rights in the online world.
These rights include freedom of expression, privacy, access to information, and non-discrimination.
Summary South East Asia (SEA) IGF 2021 Bali - English (tata kelola internet /...ICT Watch - Indonesia
Summary South East Asia (SEA) IGF 2021 Bali - English (tata kelola internet / internet governance). Site: igf.id. E-mail: contact [at] igf.id. Uploader: donnybu.id
An Overview of the Battle for the Control of the InternetDibussi Tande
Presentation to a joint/plenary session of the 16th Highway Africa Conference and the 3rd World Conference of the Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) in Grahamstown, South Africa, September 10, 2012.
Welcome Address by H.E Tifatul Sembiring Minister for Communication and Information Technology Republic of Indonesia in The Indonesia Information Security Forum 2012
Bandung, 10 October 2012
Similar to 2014 04 24 NetMundial Multistakeholder Statement (20)
Here you can read the report containing the main results for the IT Census, comparing the IT Industry in Latin America with some selected contents from other continents. In all, the report shows results derived from data collected from over 900 companies from 30 different countries.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
2. PREAMBLE
This is the non-binding outcome of a bottom-up, open, and participatory process
involving thousands of people from governments, private sector, civil society,
technical community, and academia from around the world. The NETmundial
conference was the first of its kind. It hopefully contributes to the evolution of the
Internet governance ecosystem.
3. INTRODUCTION
The Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance, also
known as NETmundial, is convened to discuss two important issues relevant for the
future evolution of the Internet, in an open and multistakeholder fashion:
1. Internet Governance Principles, and
2. Roadmap for the future evolution of the Internet Governance Ecosystem
The recommendations in this document have been prepared with the view to guiding
NETmundial to consensus. This has been a collaborative effort among
representatives of all stakeholder groups.
More than 180 contributions have been received from all stakeholders around the
globe. Those contributions have been taken as the basis for the elaboration of the
recommendations submitted here to the participants of NETmundial towards the
development of broad consensus.
The recommendations of NETmundial are also intended to constitute a potentially
valuable contribution for use in other Internet governance related fora and entities.
4. 1. INTERNET GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES
NETmundial identified a set of common principles and important values that
contribute for an inclusive, multistakeholder, effective, legitimate, and evolving
Internet governance framework and recognized that the Internet is a global resource
which should be managed in the public interest.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND SHARED VALUES
Human rights are universal as reflected in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
and that should underpin Internet governance principles. Rights that people have
offline must also be protected online, in accordance with international human rights
legal obligations, including the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights
and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities. Those rights include, but are not limited to:
Freedom of expression: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and
expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference
and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and
regardless of frontiers.
Freedom of association: Everyone has the right to peaceful assembly and
association online, including through social networks and platforms.
Privacy: The right to privacy must be protected. This includes not being
subject to arbitrary or unlawful surveillance, collection, treatment and use of
personal data. The right to the protection of the law against such interference
should be ensured.
Procedures, practices and legislation regarding the surveillance of
communications, their interception and collection of personal data,
including mass surveillance, interception and collection, should be
reviewed, with a view to upholding the right to privacy by ensuring the full
and effective implementation of all obligations under international human
rights law.
Accessibility: persons with disabilities should enjoy full access to online
resources Promote the design, development, production and distribution of
accessible information, technologies and systems on the internet.
Freedom of information and access to information: Everyone should have
the right to access, share, create and distribute information on the Internet,
consistent with the rights of authors and creators as established in law.
Development: all people have a right to development and the Internet has a
vital role to play in helping to achieve the full realization of internationally
agreed sustainable development goals. It is a vital tool for giving people living
in poverty the means to participate in development processes.
5. PROTECTION OF INTERMEDIARIES
Intermediary liability limitations should be implemented in a way that respects and
promotes economic growth, innovation, creativity and free flow of information. In this
regard, cooperation among all stakeholders should be encouraged to address and
deter illegal activity, consistent with fair process.
CULTURE AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY
Internet governance must respect, protect and promote cultural and linguistic
diversity in all its forms.
UNIFIED AND UNFRAGMENTED SPACE
Internet should continue to be a globally coherent, interconnected, stable,
unfragmented, scalable and accessible network-of-networks, based on a common
set of unique identifiers and that allows data packets/information to flow freely end-
to-end regardless of the lawful content.
SECURITY, STABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF THE INTERNET
Security, stability and resilience of the Internet should be a key objective of all
stakeholders in Internet governance. As a universal global resource, the Internet
should be a secure, stable, resilient, reliable and trustworthy network. Effectiveness
in addressing risks and threats to security and stability of the Internet depends on
strong cooperation among different stakeholders.
OPEN AND DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE
The Internet should be preserved as a fertile and innovative environment based on
an open system architecture, with voluntary collaboration, collective stewardship and
participation, and upholds the end-to-end nature of the open Internet, and seeks for
technical experts to resolve technical issues in the appropriate venue in a manner
consistent with this open, collaborative approach.
6. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION
AND CREATIVITY
The ability to innovate and create has been at the heart of the remarkable growth of
the Internet and it has brought great value to the global society. For the preservation
of its dynamism, Internet governance must continue to allow permissionless
innovation through an enabling Internet environment, consistent with other principles
in this document. Enterprise and investment in infrastructure are essential
components of an enabling environment.
INTERNET GOVERNANCE PROCESS PRINCIPLES
Multistakeholder: Internet governance should be built on democratic,
multistakeholder processes, ensuring the meaningful and accountable
participation of all stakeholders, including governments, the private sector,
civil society, the technical community, the academic community and users.
The respective roles and responsibilities of stakeholders should be
interpreted in a flexible manner with reference to the issue under discussion.
Open, participative, consensus driven governance: The development of
international Internet-related public policies and Internet governance
arrangements should enable the full and balanced participation of all
stakeholders from around the globe, and made by consensus, to the extent
possible.
Transparent: Decisions made must be easy to understand, processes must
be clearly documented and follow agreed procedures, and procedures must
be developed and agreed upon through multistakeholder processes.
Accountable: Mechanisms for independent checks and balances as well as
for review and redress should exist. Governments have primary, legal and
political accountability for the protection of human rights
Inclusive and equitable: Internet governance institutions and processes
should be inclusive and open to all interested stakeholders. Processes,
including decision making, should be bottom-up, enabling the full involvement
of all stakeholders, in a way that does not disadvantage any category of
stakeholder.
Distributed: Internet Governance should be carried out through a distributed,
decentralized and multistakeholder ecosystem.
Collaborative: Internet governance should be based on and encourage
collaborative and cooperative approaches that reflect the inputs and interests
of stakeholders.
Enabling meaningful participation: Anyone affected by an Internet
governance process should be able to participate in that process. Particularly,
7. Internet governance institutions and processes should support capacity
building for newcomers, especially stakeholders from developing countries
and underrepresented groups.
Access and low barriers: Internet governance should promote universal, equal
opportunity, affordable and high quality Internet access so it can be an effective
tool for enabling human development and social inclusion. There should be no
unreasonable or discriminatory barriers to entry for new users. Public access is a
powerful tool for providing access to the Internet.
Agility: Policies for access to Internet services should be future oriented and
technology neutral, so that they are able to accommodate rapidly developing
technologies and different types of use.
OPEN STANDARDS
Internet governance should promote open standards, informed by individual and
collective expertise and decisions made by rough consensus, that allow for a global,
interoperable, resilient, stable, decentralized, secure, and interconnected network,
available to all. Standards must be consistent with human rights and allow
development and innovation.
8. 2. ROADMAP FOR THE FUTURE EVOLUTION OF
THE INTERNET GOVERNANCE
The objective of this proposed roadmap for the future evolution of Internet
governance is to outline possible steps forward in the process of continuously
improving the existing Internet governance framework ensuring the full involvement
of all stakeholders in their respective roles and responsibilities.
The Internet governance framework is a distributed and coordinated ecosystem
involving various organizations and fora. It must be inclusive, transparent and
accountable, and its structures and operations must follow an approach that enables
the participation of all stakeholders in order to address the interests of all those who
use the Internet as well as those who are not yet online.
The implementation of the Tunis Agenda has demonstrated the value of the
multistakeholder model in Internet governance. The valuable contribution of all
stakeholders to Internet governance should be recognized. Due to the successful
experiences this model should be further strengthened, improved and evolved.
Internet governance should promote sustainable and inclusive development and for
the promotion of human rights. Participation should reflect geographic diversity and
include stakeholders from developing, least developed countries and small island
developing states.
I. Issues that deserve attention of all stakeholders in the
future evolution of Internet governance.
1. Internet governance decisions are sometimes taken without the meaningful
participation of all stakeholders. It is important that multistakeholder decision-making
and policy formulation are improved in order to ensure the full participation of all
interested parties, recognizing the different roles played by different stakeholders in
different issues.
2. Enhanced cooperation as referred to in the Tunis Agenda to address
international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet must be implemented on a
priority and consensual basis. Taking into consideration the efforts of the CSTD
working group on enhanced cooperation, it is important that all stakeholders commit
to advancing this discussion in a multistakeholder fashion.
3. Stakeholder representatives appointed to multistakeholder Internet
governance processes should be selected through open, democratic, and
transparent processes. Different stakeholder groups should self-manage their
processes based on inclusive, publicly known, well defined and accountable
mechanisms.
4. There is a need to develop multistakeholder mechanisms at the national level
owing to the fact that a good portion of Internet governance issues should be tackled
at this level. National multistakeholder mechanisms should serve as a link between
9. local discussions and regional and global instances. Therefore a fluent coordination
and dialogue across those different dimensions is essential.
5. There should be meaningful participation by all interested parties in Internet
governance discussions and decision-making, with attention to geographic,
stakeholder and gender balance in order to avoid asymmetries.
6. Enabling capacity building and empowerment through such measures such
as remote participation and adequate funding, and access to meaningful and timely
information are essential for promoting inclusive and effective Internet governance.
7. All stakeholders should renew their commitment to build a people centered,
inclusive and development oriented Information Society as defined by the WSIS
outcome documents. Therefore in pursuing the improvements of the Internet
governance ecosystem, the focus on development should be retained.
8. Internet governance discussions would benefit from improved communication
and coordination between technical and non-technical communities, providing a
better understanding about the policy implications in technical decisions and
technical implications in policy decision-making.
II. Issues dealing with institutional improvements.
1. All of the organizations with responsibilities in the Internet governance
ecosystem should develop and implement principles for transparency, accountability
and inclusiveness. All such organizations should prepare periodic reports on their
progress and status on these issues. Those reports should be made publicly
available.
2. Consideration should be given to the possible need for mechanisms to
consider emerging topics and issues that are not currently being adequately
addressed by existing Internet governance arrangements.
3. There is a need for a strengthened Internet Governance Forum (IGF).
Important recommendations to that end were made by the UN CSTD working group
on IGF improvements. It is suggested that these recommendations will be
implemented by the end of 2015.
Improvements should include inter-alia:
a. Improved outcomes: Improvements can be implemented including creative
ways of providing outcomes/recommendations and the analysis of policy options;
b. Extending the IGF mandate beyond five-year terms;
c. Ensuring guaranteed stable and predictable funding for the IGF, including
through a broadened donor base, is essential;
d. The IGF should adopt mechanisms to promote worldwide discussions
between meetings through intersessional dialogues.
A strengthened IGF could better serve as a platform for discussing both long
standing and emerging issues with a view to contributing to the identification of
possible ways to address them.
10. 4. There should be adequate communication and coordination among existing
forums, task forces and organizations of the Internet governance ecosystem.
Periodic reports, formal liaisons and timely feedbacks are examples of mechanisms
that could be implemented to that end. It would be recommendable to analyze the
option of creating Internet governance coordination tools to perform on-going
monitoring, analysis, and information-sharing functions.
5. In the follow up to the recent and welcomed announcement of US
Government with regard to its intent to transition the stewardship of IANA functions,
the discussion about mechanisms for guaranteeing the transparency and
accountability of those functions after the US Government role ends, has to take
place through an open process with the participation of all stakeholders extending
beyond the ICANN community.
The IANA functions are currently performed under policies developed in processes
hosted by several organizations and forums. Any adopted mechanism should protect
the bottom up, open and participatory nature of those policy development processes
and ensure the stability and resilience of the Internet. It is desirable to discuss the
adequate relation between the policy and operational aspects.
This transition should be conducted thoughtfully with a focus on maintaining the
security and stability of the Internet, empowering the principle of equal participation
among all stakeholder groups and striving towards a completed transition by
September 2015.
6. It is expected that the process of globalization of ICANN speeds up leading to
a truly international and global organization serving the public interest with clearly
implementable and verifiable accountability and transparency mechanisms that
satisfy requirements from both internal stakeholders and the global community.
The active representation from all stakeholders in the ICANN structure from all
regions is a key issue in the process of a successful globalization.
III. Issues dealing with specific Internet Governance topics
1. Security and Stability
a. It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation on topics such as
jurisdiction and law enforcement assistance to promote cybersecurity and prevent
cybercrime. Discussions about those frameworks should be held in a
multistakeholder manner.
b. Initiatives to improve cybersecurity and address digital security threats should
involve appropriate collaboration among governments, private sector, civil society,
academia and technical community. There are stakeholders that still need to
become more involved with cybersecurity, for example, network operators and
software developers.
c. There is room for new forums and initiatives. However, they should not
duplicate, but add to current structures. All stakeholders should aim to leverage
from and improve these already existing cybersecurity organizations. The experience
accumulated by several of them demonstrates that, in order to be effective, any
11. cybersecurity initiative depends on cooperation among different stakeholders, and it
cannot be achieved via a single organization or structure.
2. Mass and arbitrary surveillance undermines trust in the Internet and trust in
the Internet governance ecosystem. Collection and processing of personal data by
state and non-state actors should be conducted in accordance with international
human rights law. More dialogue is needed on this topic at the international level
using forums like the Human Rights Council and IGF aiming to develop a common
understanding on all the related aspects.
3. Capacity building and financing are key requirements to ensure that diverse
stakeholders have an opportunity for more than nominal participation, but in fact gain
the knowhow and the resources for effective participation. Capacity building is
important to support the emergence of true multistakeholder communities, especially
in those regions where the participation of some stakeholder groups needs to be
further strengthened.
IV. Points to be further discussed beyond NETmundial:
Several contributions to NETmundial identified the following non-exhaustive list of
points that need better understanding and further discussion in appropriate fora:
Different roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in Internet governance,
including the meaning and application of equal footing.
Jurisdiction issues and how they relate to Internet governance.
Benchmarking systems and related indicators regarding the application of
Internet governance principles.
Net neutrality: there were very productive and important discussions about
the issue of net neutrality at NETmundial, with diverging views as to whether
or not to include the specific term as a principle in the outcomes. The
principles do include concepts of an Open Internet and individual rights to
freedom of expression and information. It is important that we continue the
discussion of the Open Internet including how to enable freedom of
expression, competition, consumer choice, meaningful transparency and
appropriate network management and recommend that this be addressed at
forums such as the next IGF.
V. Way Forward
All the organizations, forums and processes of the Internet governance ecosystem
are encouraged to take into account the outcomes of NETmundial.
It is expected that the NETmundial findings and outcomes will feed into other
processes and forums, such as the post 2015 development agenda process,
WSIS+10, IGF, and all Internet governance discussions held in different
organizations and bodies at all levels.
The follow up and future discussions of topics listed in this document should inform
work convened by existing entities or bodies. They are invited to report on their
works in major Internet governance meetings.
12. Note from secretariat, April 25th
: the agreed text on net neutrality (Part 2, Section IV)
had an editorial correction based on the text negotiated in the EMC and then
carefully read out, seen and approved by the HLMC. Exiguous time during the final
edition before the closing ceremony prevented the Secretariat to include the
explanatory text that follows the net neutrality bullet.