The Global Carbon Project's 2013 global carbon budget.
Published 19 November 2013.
See website for more information
http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/index.htm
The Global Carbon Project (GCP) is a project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. GCP's chair Corinne Le Quéré is a member of the Future Earth scientific committee.
Study of Methane Emissions in the Marcellus, Haynesville and Fayetteville Sha...Marcellus Drilling News
A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado’s Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Titled "Quantifying atmospheric methane emissions from the Haynesville, Fayetteville, and northeastern Marcellus shale gas production regions," the new study finds very little methane leakage in the Marcellus Shale region--less than 1/2 of 1%.
La nanociencia y las tecnologías energéticas del futuroCic Nanogune
¿Cómo vamos a satisfacer la futura demanda energética? ¿Qué papel desempeña la nanociencia? Éstas son algunas de las cuestiones de las que trata el catedrático Félix Ynduráin en esta intervención. Después de realizar un análisis de la evolución del consumo de energía a nivel mundial, así como de las perspectivas de su evolución futura, Ynduráin se centra en las necesidades de nuevos desarrollos para satisfacer la demanda energética del futuro. En particular, discute algunos ejemplos concretos sobre el papel de la nanociencia en la energía nuclear y fotovoltaica, el uso del hidrógeno, el almacenamiento de energía y de CO2, el transporte eléctrico, etc.
Puedes ver la grabación de la presentación en nuestra página web: 5urte.nanogune.eu
Report on the inequity and unsustainable Lifestyles- of the Rich and the Poor. By Club of Rome et. al. and with recommendations to change the Lifestyles of the Elite
Study of Methane Emissions in the Marcellus, Haynesville and Fayetteville Sha...Marcellus Drilling News
A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado’s Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Titled "Quantifying atmospheric methane emissions from the Haynesville, Fayetteville, and northeastern Marcellus shale gas production regions," the new study finds very little methane leakage in the Marcellus Shale region--less than 1/2 of 1%.
La nanociencia y las tecnologías energéticas del futuroCic Nanogune
¿Cómo vamos a satisfacer la futura demanda energética? ¿Qué papel desempeña la nanociencia? Éstas son algunas de las cuestiones de las que trata el catedrático Félix Ynduráin en esta intervención. Después de realizar un análisis de la evolución del consumo de energía a nivel mundial, así como de las perspectivas de su evolución futura, Ynduráin se centra en las necesidades de nuevos desarrollos para satisfacer la demanda energética del futuro. En particular, discute algunos ejemplos concretos sobre el papel de la nanociencia en la energía nuclear y fotovoltaica, el uso del hidrógeno, el almacenamiento de energía y de CO2, el transporte eléctrico, etc.
Puedes ver la grabación de la presentación en nuestra página web: 5urte.nanogune.eu
Report on the inequity and unsustainable Lifestyles- of the Rich and the Poor. By Club of Rome et. al. and with recommendations to change the Lifestyles of the Elite
Global Carbon Budget (http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/)
Global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels and cement production continue to grow at a high pace
* Global CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuel and cement production grew 2.3 per cent to a record high of 36 billion tonnes CO2 in 2013. Emissions from deforestation remain low in comparison, at 3.3 billion tonnes CO2 in 2013, accounting for 8% of total emissions.
* Fossil fuel CO2 emissions are projected to increase 2.5% in 2014, bringing the total CO2 emissions from all sources above 40 billion tonnes CO2.
* Fossil fuel emissions in the last ten years grew at 2.5% per year on average, lower than the growth rate in the 2000s (3.3%) but higher than the growth rate in the 1990s (1%). The declining growth rate in recent years is associated with lower GDP growth compared to the 2000s, particularly in China.
* Fossil fuel emissions track the high end of emissions scenarios used by the IPCC to project climate change, due to smaller improvements in carbon intensity of GDP than expected in most scenarios, and continued GDP growth.
* Given current projection of the World GDP, emissions are expected to grow further in the absence of more stringent mitigation.
* The largest emitters were China, USA, EU28 and India, together accounting for 58% of the global emissions and 80% of the growth in 2013 (top 20 emitters provided below). Key results for the top four emitters are:
- Chinese emissions grew at 4.2%, the lowest level since the 2007-2008 because of weaker economic growth and improvements in the carbon intensity of the economy.
- USA emission increased 2.9% in 2013 due to a rebound in coal consumption, reversing the declining trend in emissions since 2008.
- Indian emissions grew at 5.1% caused by robust economic growth and an increase in the carbon intensity of the economy.
- EU28 emissions decreased 1.8% on the back of a weak economy and emission decreases in some countries offsetting a return to coal led by Poland, Germany, Finland.
A multi-organization high-level compilation of the most recent science related to
climate change, impacts and responses
Publication date: September 2022
The 2022 WMO State of Climate Services report focuses on the issue of energy, a subject that continues to dominate discussion and debate as it effects every single community, business, sector and economy, in all parts of the world.
Reaching net zero by 2050 will mean a complete transformation of our global energy system, with a switch to lower emissions electricity production and increased energy efficiency at the heart of the worldwide response. But the transition to clean energy calls for investment in improved weather, water and climate services that can be used to ensure our energy infrastructure is resilient to climate-related shocks and inform measures to increase energy efficiency across multiple sectors.
Using data, analysis, and a series of case studies, the report illustrates and explains how countries – from Italy to Tajikistan – can improve their energy infrastructure, resilience and security through better climate services, supported by sustainable investments
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
Combating Climate Change and Global Warming for a Sustainable Living in Harmony with Nature
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection in Dambatta Local Government Area
Considering Regional Connectivity and Policy Factors in the Simulation of Land Use Change in New Areas: A Case Study of Nansha New District, China
Application of Vegetation Indices for Detection and Monitoring Oil Spills in Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Spatial Agglomeration and Diffusion of Population Based on a Regional Density Function Approach: A Case Study of Shandong Province in China
My presentation at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters on the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle (2 October 2017). I do not using present so detailed on the carbon cycle, so the slide deck is not that well developed. I mainly focused on aspects of uncertainty, and the interplay between the land sources and sinks.
Exponential Climate Action for Cities - Future Earth 12-13 2018 April Ericsson Future Earth
First presentation of the workshop Exponential Climate Action for Cities. Presented by Owen Gaffney and Johan Falk from Future Earth. In 2018 Future Earth and partners will launch a roadmap for exponential transformation. This workshop kicked off the process.
Global Data to Build Climate Resilience and Drive ActionFuture Earth
Climate Watch and PREPdata are new, innovative and data-centered platforms designed to increase the transparency of and access to data to empower informed and efficient decision-making on adapting to and mitigating climate change. The event included a walk-through of Climate Watch and the PREP platforms, focusing on the scope and concept of the two tools and how they can benefit adaptation and resilience practitioners, particularly those in vulnerable regions such as small island developing states (SIDS).
More Related Content
Similar to 2013 Global Carbon Budget (Global Carbon Project)
Global Carbon Budget (http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/)
Global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels and cement production continue to grow at a high pace
* Global CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuel and cement production grew 2.3 per cent to a record high of 36 billion tonnes CO2 in 2013. Emissions from deforestation remain low in comparison, at 3.3 billion tonnes CO2 in 2013, accounting for 8% of total emissions.
* Fossil fuel CO2 emissions are projected to increase 2.5% in 2014, bringing the total CO2 emissions from all sources above 40 billion tonnes CO2.
* Fossil fuel emissions in the last ten years grew at 2.5% per year on average, lower than the growth rate in the 2000s (3.3%) but higher than the growth rate in the 1990s (1%). The declining growth rate in recent years is associated with lower GDP growth compared to the 2000s, particularly in China.
* Fossil fuel emissions track the high end of emissions scenarios used by the IPCC to project climate change, due to smaller improvements in carbon intensity of GDP than expected in most scenarios, and continued GDP growth.
* Given current projection of the World GDP, emissions are expected to grow further in the absence of more stringent mitigation.
* The largest emitters were China, USA, EU28 and India, together accounting for 58% of the global emissions and 80% of the growth in 2013 (top 20 emitters provided below). Key results for the top four emitters are:
- Chinese emissions grew at 4.2%, the lowest level since the 2007-2008 because of weaker economic growth and improvements in the carbon intensity of the economy.
- USA emission increased 2.9% in 2013 due to a rebound in coal consumption, reversing the declining trend in emissions since 2008.
- Indian emissions grew at 5.1% caused by robust economic growth and an increase in the carbon intensity of the economy.
- EU28 emissions decreased 1.8% on the back of a weak economy and emission decreases in some countries offsetting a return to coal led by Poland, Germany, Finland.
A multi-organization high-level compilation of the most recent science related to
climate change, impacts and responses
Publication date: September 2022
The 2022 WMO State of Climate Services report focuses on the issue of energy, a subject that continues to dominate discussion and debate as it effects every single community, business, sector and economy, in all parts of the world.
Reaching net zero by 2050 will mean a complete transformation of our global energy system, with a switch to lower emissions electricity production and increased energy efficiency at the heart of the worldwide response. But the transition to clean energy calls for investment in improved weather, water and climate services that can be used to ensure our energy infrastructure is resilient to climate-related shocks and inform measures to increase energy efficiency across multiple sectors.
Using data, analysis, and a series of case studies, the report illustrates and explains how countries – from Italy to Tajikistan – can improve their energy infrastructure, resilience and security through better climate services, supported by sustainable investments
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
Combating Climate Change and Global Warming for a Sustainable Living in Harmony with Nature
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection in Dambatta Local Government Area
Considering Regional Connectivity and Policy Factors in the Simulation of Land Use Change in New Areas: A Case Study of Nansha New District, China
Application of Vegetation Indices for Detection and Monitoring Oil Spills in Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Spatial Agglomeration and Diffusion of Population Based on a Regional Density Function Approach: A Case Study of Shandong Province in China
My presentation at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters on the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle (2 October 2017). I do not using present so detailed on the carbon cycle, so the slide deck is not that well developed. I mainly focused on aspects of uncertainty, and the interplay between the land sources and sinks.
Exponential Climate Action for Cities - Future Earth 12-13 2018 April Ericsson Future Earth
First presentation of the workshop Exponential Climate Action for Cities. Presented by Owen Gaffney and Johan Falk from Future Earth. In 2018 Future Earth and partners will launch a roadmap for exponential transformation. This workshop kicked off the process.
Global Data to Build Climate Resilience and Drive ActionFuture Earth
Climate Watch and PREPdata are new, innovative and data-centered platforms designed to increase the transparency of and access to data to empower informed and efficient decision-making on adapting to and mitigating climate change. The event included a walk-through of Climate Watch and the PREP platforms, focusing on the scope and concept of the two tools and how they can benefit adaptation and resilience practitioners, particularly those in vulnerable regions such as small island developing states (SIDS).
10 Science Must Knows on Climate ChangeFuture Earth
Future Earth and the Earth League released their "10 Science Must Knows on Climate Change" at UNFCCC COP23 in Bonn. This is the presentation from the press conference.
Authors: Amy Luers and Johan Rockström
Speakers: Patricia Espinosa, Johan Rockström, John Schellnhuber, Wendy Broadgate, Nick Nuttall
Credit: Owen Gaffney, Kaela Slavik
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event this week hosted by Future Earth and its partners at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event this week hosted by Future Earth and its partners at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
Carlo Carraro: Impacts of the Paris Agreement on Sustainable Development GoalsFuture Earth
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event this week hosted by Future Earth and its partners at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event this week hosted by Future Earth and its partners at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event this week hosted by Future Earth and its partners at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
H.E. Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro: Keynote TalkFuture Earth
What are the critical challenges the world faces in meeting international climate change and sustainable development targets? That was the topic of discussion at a side event hosted by Future Earth and its partners on 15 November at the Bonn Climate Change Conference. The event, called “Reframing the Climate Debate: Enhancing the Paris Agreement and SDG Linkages,” addressed The World in 2050 project, a new effort to develop pathways to sustainable development within safe planetary boundaries.
Eeva Furman: Transformation and SDGs: The Measurement ChallengeFuture Earth
On 27 June, Eeva Furman, Michael Quinn Patton and Fred Carden led a webinar exploring "Transformation and the SDGs: The Measurement Challenge." The discussion revolved around the relationship between traditional measures, such as national indices, log frames, results frameworks and efficiency concepts, with the complex quality of transformation.
Per Olsson: The SDGs and Transformations - for People and the PlanetFuture Earth
On 31 May, Rosemary Kalapurakal, Kumi Naidoo and Per Olsson hosted a discussion about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and transformation. The discussion focused on the implications of transformation research for the implementation of the SDGs, particular SDG-17 – "Partnerships for the Goals" – the only goal that explicitly addresses how nations will meet these sustainability targets.
Kumi Naidoo: SDGs and Transformation in a Context of Institutional FailureFuture Earth
On 31 May, Rosemary Kalapurakal, Kumi Naidoo and Per Olsson hosted a discussion about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and transformation. The discussion focused on the implications of transformation research for the implementation of the SDGs, particular SDG-17 – "Partnerships for the Goals" – the only goal that explicitly addresses how nations will meet these sustainability targets.
Rosemary Kalapurakal: Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable...Future Earth
On 31 May, Rosemary Kalapurakal, Kumi Naidoo and Per Olsson hosted a discussion about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and transformation. The discussion focused on the implications of transformation research for the implementation of the SDGs, particular SDG-17 – "Partnerships for the Goals" – the only goal that explicitly addresses how nations will meet these sustainability targets.
On 18 May, Karen O'Brien, Derk Loorbach and Steve Waddell participated in a discussion called "What is 'Transformation' and why is understanding its qualities important?" Follow their conversation to learn about how academics view and study the concept of "transformation."
Karen O'Brien: What is “Transformation” and why is understanding its qualitie...Future Earth
On 18 May, Karen O'Brien, Derk Loorbach and Steve Waddell participated in a discussion called "What is 'Transformation' and why is understanding its qualities important?" Follow their conversation to learn about how academics view and study the concept of "transformation."
Future Earth: State of the Planet 2017Future Earth
This year for Earth Day, Future Earth takes stock of the state of the planet. We explore the major milestones that have shaped the world as Earth moves farther into the Anthropocene – the latest geologic epoch named for humanity's influence on the globe.
Join Albert Nörstrom as he describes practical examples of co-design in the Future Earth core project PECS (Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society).
Trandisciplinarity at work: Laure WaridelFuture Earth
Explore how researchers can mobilise and engage scientists and stakeholders in transdisciplinary research processes to produce solutions for sustainable development. The webinar shares experiences presented by participants from CIRODD, the Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en opérationnalisation du développement durable.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
2. Contributors 77 people - 46 organisations - 14 countries
Corinne Le Quéré Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK
Glen Peters Center for International Climate & Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO), Norway
Pep Canadell Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Australia
Philippe Ciais LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Róisín Moriarty Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK
Robbie Andrew Center for International Climate & Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO), Norway
Pierre Friedlingstein College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Uni. of Exeter, UK
Bob Andres Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US
Tom Boden Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US
Skee Houghton Woods Hole Research Centre (WHRC), US
Gregg Marland Research Inst. for Environment, Energy & Economics, Appalachian State Uni., US
Stephen Sitch College of Life & Environmental Sciences Uni. of Exeter, UK
Pieter Tans Nat. Oceanic & Atmosphere Admin., Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), US
Almut Arneth Karlsruhe Inst. of Tech., Inst. Met. & Climate Res./Atmospheric Envir. Res., Germany
Thanos Arvanitis Karlsruhe Inst. of Tech., Inst. Met. & Climate Res./Atmospheric Envir. Res., Germany
Dorothee Bakker School of Environmental Sciences, Uni. of East Anglia, UK
Laurent Bopp LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Louise Chini Dept. of Geographical Sciences, Uni. of Maryland, US
Scott Doney Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), US
Anna Harper College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Uni. of Exeter, UK
Harry Harris Climatic Research Unit (CRU), Uni. of East Anglia, UK
Jo House Cabot Inst., Dept. of Geography, University of Bristol, UK
Atul Jain Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Uni. of Illinois, US
Steve Jones Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of East Anglia, UK
Etsushi Kato Center for Global Envir. Research (CGER), Nat. Inst. for Envir. Studies (NIES), Japan
Ralph Keeling Uni. of California - San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US
Kees Klein Goldewijk PBL Netherlands Envir. Assessment Agency & Utrecht Uni., the Netherlands
Arne Körtzinger GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Germany
Charles Koven Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, US
Nathalie Lefèvre IRD LOCEAN, France
Abdirahman Omar Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway
Tsuneo Ono Fisheries Research Agency, Japan
Guen-Ha Park East Sea Research Inst. Korea Inst. of Ocean Science & Tech. (KIOST), South Korea
Benjamin Pfeil Geophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway
Ben Poulter LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Mike Raupach Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Australia
Pierre Regnier Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Uni. Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
Christian Rödenbeck Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Germany
Shu Saito Marine Division, Global Environment & Marine Dept., Japan Meteorological Agency
Jörg Schwinger Geophysical Inst., Uni. of Bergen & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway
Joachim Segschneider Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany
Beni Stocker Physics Inst., & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Uni. of Bern, Switzerland
Brönte Tilbrook CSIRO Marine & Atm. Res., Antarctic Cli. & Ecosystems Co-op. Res. Centre, Australia
Steven van Heuven Centre for Isotope Research, Uni. of Groningen, the Netherlands
Nicolas Viovy LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Rik Wanninkhof NOAA/AOML, US
Andy Wiltshire Met Office Hadley Centre, UK
Chao Yue LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Sönke Zaehle Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, Germany
Atlas Science Committee | Atlas Engineers (not already mentioned above)
Philippe Peylin | Anna Peregon | Patrick Brockmann | Vanessa Maigné | Pascal Evano
LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Jacques Zegbeu CLIMMOD Engineering SARL, France
Atlas Editorial Board (not already mentioned above)
Owen Gaffney International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), Sweden
Jean-Jacques Goron Foundation BNP Paribas, France
Jay Sterling Gregg Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Kevin Gurney Arizona State University, US
Rob Jackson Duke University US
Florian Kraxner International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
Rik Leemans Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Jason Lowe Met Office Hadley Centre, University of Reading, UK
Craig Macaulay Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (SCIRO), Australia
Asher Minns Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, UK
James Orr LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France
Chris Sabine National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US
Anatoly Schvidenko International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
Gyami Shrestha Carbon Cycle Science Program Office, US Global Change Research Program, US
Sylvain Taboni Foundation BNP Paribas, Climate Initiative, France
Maciej Telszewski International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), Poland
Simon Torok CSIRO, Australia
Yoshiki Yamagata Center for Global Envir. Research (CGER), Nat. Inst for Envir. Studies (NIES), Japan
Atlas Designers WeDoData, France
Karen Bastien | Brice Terdjman | Vincent Le Jeune | Anthony Vessière
3. Publications
More information, data sources and data files at
www.globalcarbonproject.org
Contact: Corinne Le Quéré
c.lequere@uea.ac.uk
More information, data sources and data files at
www.globalcarbonatlas.org
Contact: Philippe Ciais
philippe.ciais@lsce.ipsl.fr
4. All the data is shown in GtC
1 Gigatonne (Gt) = 1 billion tonnes = 1×1015g = 1 Petagram (Pg)
1 kg carbon (C) = 3.664 kg carbon dioxide (CO2)
1 GtC = 3.664 billion tonnes CO2 = 3.664 GtCO2
Disclaimer
The Global Carbon Budget and the information presented here are intended for those interested in
learning about the carbon cycle, and how human activities are changing it. The information contained
herein is provided as a public service, with the understanding that the Global Carbon Project team
make no warranties, either expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or
suitability of the information.
6. Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions
Global fossil fuel and cement emissions: 9.7 ± 0.5 GtC in 2012, 58% over 1990
Projection for 2013 : 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC, 61% over 1990
Uncertainty is ±5% for
one standard deviation
(IPCC “likely” range)
With leap year adjustment: 2012 growth rate is 1.9% and 2013 is 2.4%
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
7. Emissions from Coal, Oil, Gas, Cement
Share of global emissions in 2012:
coal (43%), oil (33%), gas (18%), cement (5%), flaring (1%, not shown)
With leap year adjustment in 2012 growth rates are: coal 2.5%, oil 0.9%, gas 2.2%, cement 2.2%.
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
8. Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions Growth 2012
Coal accounted for 54% of the growth in global emissions in 2012,
oil (18%), gas (21%), and cement 6%
Many countries increased dependence on coal in 2012:
Emissions from coal grew 4.2% in Germany, 5.6% in Japan, 3.0% in the EU28, 10.2% in India.
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
9. Top Fossil Fuel Emitters (Absolute)
Top four emitters in 2012 covered 58% of global emissions
China (27%), United States (14%), EU28 (10%), India (6%)
With leap year adjustment in 2012 growth rates are: China 5.6%, USA -4.0%, EU -1.6%, India 7.4%.
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
10. Fossil Fuel and Cement Emissions Growth 2012
China accounted for 71% of the global emissions growth in 2012, India 21%, Japan 11%.
The USA and Australia contributed to a decrease in emissions
Figure shows the top four countries contributing to emissions changes in 2012
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
11. Top Fossil Fuel Emitters (Per Capita)
Average per capita emissions in 2012
China is growing rapidly and the US is declining fast
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
12. Breakdown of Global Emissions by Country
Emissions from Annex B countries have slightly declined
Emissions from non-Annex B countries have increased rapidly in recent years
Annex B countries have emission commitments in the Kyoto Protocol
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
13. Historical Cumulative Emissions by Country
Cumulative emissions from fossil-fuel and cement were distributed (1870–2012):
USA (26%), EU28 (23%), China (11%), and India (4%) covering 64% of the total share
Cumulative emissions (1990–2012) were distributed USA (20%), EU28 (15%), China (18%), India (5%)
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
14. Historical Cumulative Emissions by Region
Cumulative emissions from fossil-fuel and cement (1870–2012)
North America and Europe responsible for most cumulative emissions, but Asia growing fast
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
15. Territorial Emissions as per the Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is based on the global distribution of emissions in 1990
The global distribution of emissions is now starkly different
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
16. Annex B versus non-Annex B Countries
Annex B countries have emission reduction commitments in the Kyoto Protocol
Annex B countries do not necessarily have highest economic activity per capita
GDP is measured in Market Exchange Rates
Source: CDIAC Data; Unstats; Global Carbon Project 2013
17. Carbon Intensity of Economic Activity
The global financial crisis of 2008–2009 had no lasting effect on emissions
Carbon intensity has had minimal improvement with increased economic activity since 2005
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
20. Observed Emissions and Emissions Scenarios
The IPCC has been associated with four generations of emission scenarios
Emissions tracking the higher scenarios
Main periods of use: SA90 (1990–1992, not shown), IS92 (1992–2000), SRES (2000–2012), RCPs (2012+)
Source: Peters et al. 2012a; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
21. Observed Emissions and Emissions Scenarios
Emissions are on track for 3.2–5.4ºC “likely” increase in temperature above pre-industrial
Large and sustained mitigation is required to keep below 2ºC
Linear interpolation is used between individual data points
Source: Peters et al. 2012a; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
22. Cumulative Emissions and Scenarios
For a “likely” chance to keep warming less than 2ºC since the period 1861–1880, requires
cumulative CO2 emissions to stay below 1000GtC, or 790GtC when allowing for non-CO2
Cumulative emissions 1870–2013 are 550 ±60 GtC; 70% from fossil fuels and cement, 30% from land-use change
Cumulative emissions from 1750–1870 are highly uncertain, with about 50 GtC with 90% from land-use change
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
23. Consumption-based Emissions
Consumption–based emissions allocate emissions to the location that goods
and services are consumed
Consumption-based emissions = Production/Territorial-based emissions minus
emissions embodied in exports plus the emissions embodied in imports
24. Consumption Emissions per the Kyoto Protocol
The net emissions transfers into Annex B countries (black line) more than offsets the Annex B
emission reductions achieved within the Kyoto Protocol
Territorial: Dark lines
Consumption: Light lines
In Annex B, production-based emissions have had a slight decrease.
Consumption-based emissions have grown at 0.5% per year, and emission transfers have grown at 12% per year
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; Peters et al 2011;Global Carbon Project 2013
25. Major Flows from Production to Consumption
Start of Arrow: fossil-fuel combustion
End of arrow: goods and services consumption
Values for 2007. EU27 is treated as one region. Units: TgC=GtC/1000
Source: Peters et al 2012b
26. Major Flows from Extraction to Consumption
Start of Arrow: fossil-fuel extraction
End of arrow: goods and services consumption
Values for 2007. EU27 is treated as one region. Units: TgC=GtC/1000
Source: Peters et al 2012b
27. Alternative Ranking of Countries
Depending on perspective, the importance of individual countries changes
GDP: Gross Domestic Product in Market Exchange Rates (MER) and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Source: CDIAC Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
29. Land-Use Change Emissions
Global land-use change emissions are estimated 0.8 ± 0.5 GtC during 2003–2012
The data suggests a general decrease in emissions since 1990
Indonesian
peat fires
2011 and 2012 are extrapolated estimates
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; Houghton & Hackler (in review); Global Carbon Project 2013
30. Uncertainty in Land-Use Change Emissions
Uncertainty in land-use change is large, particularly in early years.
This budget uses updated estimates, and has higher cumulative emissions than the IPCC AR5.
Cumulative emissions 1870–2011: 155 ± 55 GtC (this budget), 145 ± 60 GtC (IPCC)
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; Houghton & Hackler (in review); Global Carbon Project 2013
31. Total Global Emissions
Total global emissions: 10.5 ± 0.7 GtC in 2012, 43% over 1990
Percentage land-use change: 38% in 1960, 17% in 1990, 8% in 2012
Land use emissions in 2011 and 2012 are extrapolated estimates
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; CDIAC Data; Houghton & Hackler (in review); Global Carbon Project 2013
32. Total Global Emissions by Source
Land-use change was the dominant source of annual emissions until around 1950
Coal consumption continues to grow strongly
Others: Emissions from cement production and gas flaring.
Source: CDIAC Data; Houghton & Hackler (in review); Global Carbon Project 2013
33. Historical Cumulative Emissions by Source
Despite reductions in land-use change, it represents about 29% of cumulative emissions in 2012
Coal represents about 34%, oil 25%, gas 10%, and others 2%
Others: Emissions from cement production and gas flaring.
Source: CDIAC Data; Houghton & Hackler (in review); Global Carbon Project 2013
35. Anthropogenic Perturbation of the Global Carbon Cycle
Perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged globally for
the decade 2003–2012 (GtC/yr)
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; CDIAC Data; NOAA/ESRL Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
36. Global Carbon Budget
Emissions to the atmosphere are balanced by the sinks
Average sinks since 1870: 41% atmosphere, 31% land, 28% ocean
Average sinks since 1959: 45% atmosphere, 28% land, 27% ocean
Source: CDIAC Data; Houghton & Hackler (in review); NOAA/ESRL Data; Joos et al 2013; Khatiwala et al 2013;
Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
37. Global Carbon Budget
The cumulative contributions to the Global Carbon Budget from 1750
Contributions are shown in parts per million (ppm)
Figure concept from Shrink That Footprint
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; NOAA/ESRL Data; CDIAC Data; Houghton & Hackler (in review);Global Carbon Project 2013
38. Fate of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions (2003-2012 average)
8.6 ± 0.4 GtC/yr
0.8 ± 0.5 GtC/yr
92%
8%
4.3±0.1 GtC/yr
45%
+
2.6 ± 0.5 GtC/yr
27%
2.6 ± 0.8 GtC/yr
27%
Calculated as the residual
of all other flux components
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
39. Changes in the Budget over Time
The sinks have continued to grow with increasing emissions, but climate change will affect carbon
cycle processes in a way that will exacerbate the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; CDIAC Data; NOAA/ESRL Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
40. Atmospheric Growth
The pre-industrial (1750) atmospheric concentration was around 277ppm
This increased to 393ppm in 2012, a 42% increase
Source: NOAA/ESRL Data; Global Carbon Project 2013
41. Atmospheric Concentration
The atmospheric concentration growth rate has had a steady increase
Source: CDIAC Data; NOAA/ESRL Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
42. Atmospheric Concentration
The atmospheric concentration growth rate has had a steady increase
4.3±0.1 GtC/yr for 2003–2012, 5.2±0.1 GtC/yr in 2012
Source: NOAA/ESRL Data; Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
43. Ocean Sink
Ocean carbon sink continues to increase
2.6±0.5 GtC/yr for 2003–2012, 2.9±0.5 GtC/yr in 2012
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
44. Terrestrial Sink: Residual
Residual sink is increasing with time. Large interannual variability
2.6±0.8 GtC/yr for 2003–2012, 2.5±0.9 GtC/yr in 2012
2011 and 2012 are extrapolated estimates
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
45. Terrestrial Sink: DGVMs
Terrestrial sink from DGVMs is consistent with the residual sink estimated from the carbon budget
2.7±1.0 GtC/yr for 2003–2012, 1.7±1.2 GtC/yr in 2012
DGVM: Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; Global Carbon Project 2013
46. References Used in this Presentation
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47. Funding
This work was made possible thanks to support from our home organisations and funding from:
UK Natural Environment Research Council
Norwegian Research Council
US Department of Energy
US National Science Foundation
Australian Climate Change Science Program, CSIRO
European Union Seventh Framework Programme
The Leverhulme Trust, UK
Ministry of Environment of Japan
European Research Council
Swiss National Science Foundation
Mistra-SWECIA, Sweden
and from the sponsors of the Global Carbon Project (images clickable):