The document outlines various logical fallacies and principles of reasoning, categorizing them into deductive and inductive logic, syllogism, and sound versus valid arguments. It presents specific fallacies such as hasty generalization, circular reasoning, and slippery slope, explaining their nature and implications. Additionally, it describes foundational concepts like the law of non-contradiction and the appeal to authority.

1. Logical Fallacies
Model
1. Deductive Logic = reasoning from general
to particular
2. Inductive Logic = from a finite general rule
3. Syllogism = A=B B=C C=A
4. Sound Argument= Syllogism used correctly
5. Valid argument = Syllogism used incorrectly
6. Toolman = Claim(Conclusion) -> Ground
(data) -> Warrant (evidence) -> Backing
(credentials)
Terms
7. Law of Non-contradiction = A cannot be A
and –A at the same time
8. Qualifications = Words that are not all
inclusive
9. Conditional Statement and Implication =
Hidden “then:
Methods
10. Reduction Ad Absurdum= reducing to
absurd, slippery slope.
Fallacies
11. Disjunctive Syllogism=All possible
conclusions are not listed
12. Fallacy of Composition = Transferring some
but not all parts
13. Fallacy of Division = Move from the whole
to part
14. Fallacy of the Slippery Slope = A causes B. B
causes C. C causes the end of the world
Fallacies
15. Fallacy of Hasty Generalization = All of
something, not using qualifications
16. Fallacy of Circular Reasoning = Cause
causes the cause
17. Fallacy of Equivocation = Change argument
in the middle of an argument
18. False Dilemma = Turning into an “either or”
situation, similar to a Disjunctive Syllogism
19. Fallacy of Tertoum Quid = Putting in a
“maybe” where there is none.
20. Fallacy of Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc = B
happened because of A with no connection
21. Fallacy of AD Homin = Attack of the man
and not the argument
22. Fallacy to Appeal to People = Everyone else
is doing it
23. Fallacy of Appeal to Pity = self explanatory
24. Fallacy of Appeal to Tradition = self
explanatory
25. Fallacy of Appeal to Ignorance = Something
cannot be true because he has not heard of
it
26. Fallacy of Appeal to Authority = self
explanatory
27. Fallacy of Appeal to Non Sequitur = Latin for
“I do not follow” pinching hurts so lets
pinch ourselves
28. Fallacy of Straw Man = Setting up a false
argument and attacking it.
29. Fallacy of Guilt by Association = guilty of
action, or wrong because connection with
others

2. 30. Ad Ignorantiam = Not true b/c not know
that is false
31. Fallacy of Argument from final
Consequences = B/C Good end the way we
get there does not matter (teleological).
32. Fallacy of False Analogy = Analogy works
which mean the plan will too.
33. Fallacy of the False Continuum = B/C there
is no defined line or the line is grey they are
the same thing.
34. Genetic Fallacy = Designed to do something
thus cannot do something else.