The document summarizes findings from the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) between 2004-2008. Key findings include: (1) Suicide accounted for 61% of violent deaths while homicide accounted for 35%; (2) Suicide rates were highest among males aged 25-34 and 45-54, while homicide rates were highest among black males aged 15-24; (3) Firearms were the leading method of injury for both suicides (68%) and homicides (60%). The NC-VDRS collects detailed information on violent deaths from multiple sources to better understand and prevent future incidents of violence.
Presented by
Salim Chowdhury, MD - Community Care
Curtis Upsher, Jr. MS - Director Community Relations - Community Care
Medicine, Culture, and Spirituality Conference
September 9, 2011
Sexual violence occurs throughout the world Available data suggest
that in some countries nearly one in four women may experience
sexual violence by an intimate partner and up to one third of
adolescent girls report their first sexual experience as being forced
Sexual violence has a profound impact on physical and mental health
As well as causing physical injury, it is associated with an increased
risk of a range of sexual and reproductive health problems, with both
immediate and long term consequences
Communities everywhere have experienced the negative effects of street gangs. The presence of military-trained gang members (MTGMs) in the community increases the threat of violence to citizens. The problem addressed was the apparently growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities in two southern states. The purpose was to determine the perceived presence of military-trained gang members and examine whether there was a relationship between the perceptions of gang investigators regarding the presence and the size of their jurisdictions, the proximity of their jurisdictions to a military installation, and the extent to which investigators participate in anti-gang activities. The Army, Army National Guard, and Army Reserve were identified as the largest sources of MTGMs and the Bloods, Crips, and Gangster Disciples were the gangs most represented. Military leaders should acknowledge the increase in gang-related crime and address the problems caused for both military and civilian communities without attempting to quantify the threat level. Military leadership should continuously examine activities of all suspected gang members for active gang affiliation for retention purposes while evaluating any gang affiliation for security clearances. Military Law Enforcement liaison for recruiters should develop effective communication with law enforcement agencies to assist with information sharing.
Presented by
Salim Chowdhury, MD - Community Care
Curtis Upsher, Jr. MS - Director Community Relations - Community Care
Medicine, Culture, and Spirituality Conference
September 9, 2011
Sexual violence occurs throughout the world Available data suggest
that in some countries nearly one in four women may experience
sexual violence by an intimate partner and up to one third of
adolescent girls report their first sexual experience as being forced
Sexual violence has a profound impact on physical and mental health
As well as causing physical injury, it is associated with an increased
risk of a range of sexual and reproductive health problems, with both
immediate and long term consequences
Communities everywhere have experienced the negative effects of street gangs. The presence of military-trained gang members (MTGMs) in the community increases the threat of violence to citizens. The problem addressed was the apparently growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities in two southern states. The purpose was to determine the perceived presence of military-trained gang members and examine whether there was a relationship between the perceptions of gang investigators regarding the presence and the size of their jurisdictions, the proximity of their jurisdictions to a military installation, and the extent to which investigators participate in anti-gang activities. The Army, Army National Guard, and Army Reserve were identified as the largest sources of MTGMs and the Bloods, Crips, and Gangster Disciples were the gangs most represented. Military leaders should acknowledge the increase in gang-related crime and address the problems caused for both military and civilian communities without attempting to quantify the threat level. Military leadership should continuously examine activities of all suspected gang members for active gang affiliation for retention purposes while evaluating any gang affiliation for security clearances. Military Law Enforcement liaison for recruiters should develop effective communication with law enforcement agencies to assist with information sharing.
A stastistical analysis of homicide incidents in US (1980 to 2014)Arafath Hossain
What is the trend of gun-related homicide in the US history? Do issues like ethnicity play any role?
What do the places with good records do differently than the places with bad records? This report was an attempt to find answers to such questions.
Statistical techniques that were used in the report were correlation analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression.
Software used for analysis was R.
Some of the interesting findings are:
- The highest number of homicides take place in July and August compared to other months
- Rifle is more common firearm among Native Americans/Alaska Natives compared to other ethnicities
- Intra-race homicide (e.g. whites murdered by whites) is way more common than inter-race ones (e.g. blacks murdered by whites)
- Though inter-race homicide is more common between whites and Native Americans (close to 40% of the homicides in native Americans were done by white)
- The highest number of murderers are acquaintances not strangers!
- Unlike common notion, places with less homicide are not the places with the strictest gun laws.
- Rather intuitively enough they are better at solving cases (they have a better ratio of solving case compared to the places with bad records).
The presence of military-trained gang members (MTGMs) in the community increases the threat of violence to citizens. The problem addressed was the growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities in Tennessee. We examined the perceived presence of military-trained gang members of gang investigators at the annual conference and whether there had been changes since the previous survey. Many respondents reported gang members in their jurisdictions were increasingly using military-type weapons or explosives (51%), as well as military-type equipment like body armor, night-vision devices, etc. (30%). Although few (24%) agreed that gang members were using military-type tactics, a majority (over 90%) reported gang members committed home invasions and armed robberies. Many (46%) reported that there were gang members in their jurisdiction currently serving in the military, while 64% reported they had gang members who had served. Most of the respondents (66%) did not believe that military representatives advised their department when gang members were discharged from the military. More of the 2014 respondents than those in 2010 reported gang member use of military weapons, explosives, and equipment. More also reported gang members committed home invasions and armed robberies, and gang members currently in the military in their jurisdictions. Fewer thought their organization had a working relationship with military investigative authorities.
Communities everywhere have experienced the negative effects of street gangs, domestic terrorists, and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The presence of these criminals increases the threat of violence to the community. When they have military training, the threat increases significantly. The problem addressed in this study was the growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities. The purpose of the study was to determine the perceived presence of military-trained gang members in jails and community corrections and to examine whether there was a relationship between the perceptions of sheriff’s deputies regarding that presence and a number of variables.
This is a presentation I made while I was going through my college days. A presentation which included 5 people all my peers and and a lot of research. You will find all types of Information on Rape with Real Case studies ranging from Man Raped by a woman to the Infamous Hannah Foster Rape Case. Read and Share so that everyone can know more about this heinous crime.
Domestic Violence Homicide Report: 2000-2008, Data were collected on 169 different domestic violence-related homicide incidents between 2000 and 2008, involving 180 victims and 173 perpetrators.
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault Partners With Law EnforcementMedicalWhistleblower
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault is poorly understood and often not adequately investigated. This program seeks to describe the reality of drug facilitated sexual assault and to point out ways to improve outcomes for victims, law enforcement and social service providers.
REMEMBERING RAPE: THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOL EXPEC...Heather Flowe
Presented by Heather Flowe, University of Birmingham, School of Psychology at the Society for Research on Alcoholism annual meeting, San Diego, CA, June 2018
This study tested the effects of alcohol-intoxication on how accurately women remember forensically relevant information from a hypothetical rape scenario. A balanced placebo design was employed, with participants (N=78) randomly assigned to alcohol dose (.00% versus .075% BAC) and alcohol expectancy (told tonic versus told alcohol) conditions. Memory was tested seven days later. Mean memory accuracy was higher for information about pre-assault consensual sexual activities compared to the perpetrator’s actions during the offense (M=86% [CI.95: 81-89%] versus M=51% [CI.95: 46-56%]). Mean memory accuracy was higher if women expected to consume alcohol rather than tonic water (M = 72% [CI.95: 67-77%] versus M = 65% [CI.95: 60-70%], respectively), suggesting alcohol expectancy led to hypervigilance during encoding. Consuming alcohol compared to tonic water did not affect memory accuracy for consensual sexual activities (M=86% [CI.95: 80-91%] versus M=86% [CI.95: 81-89%], respectively) or for the perpetrator’s actions (M=47% [CI.95: 39-54%] versus M = 55% [CI.95: 48-63%], respectively). Calibration analyses indicated that accuracy increased with confidence level, regardless of intoxication level or alcohol expectancy condition, but that women tended to be overconfident in general. Implications and limitations of the research will be discussed.
R A P E V I C T I M S A R E A C L A S S O F P E R S O N S O F T E N D...MedicalWhistleblower
Every two minutes, somewhere in America, someone is sexually assaulted. 1, 2 One out of every six American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime. 3 Only one in 50 women who have been raped reports the crime to the police.4
Although both women and men may be victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking, women are the victims of the vast majority of these crimes. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than 85% of violent victimizations by intimate partners between 1993 and 1998 were perpetrated against women. Women are between 13 and 14 times more likely than men to be raped or sexually assaulted; for instance, in 1994, 93% of sexual assaults were perpetrated against women. Four of five stalking victims are women.
Gender-Based Violence in Afghanistan by Wazhma HakimiDr. Wazhma Hakimi
Harmful practices identified as Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Afghanistan, Prevalence of GBV in Afghanistan and Government Efforts to tackle Violence against women (VAW).
This is the presentation I am giving today (6.19.2014) at Ft. Huachuca (home of U.S. Army Intelligence Center) on male survivors of sexual abuse (including military rape).
A stastistical analysis of homicide incidents in US (1980 to 2014)Arafath Hossain
What is the trend of gun-related homicide in the US history? Do issues like ethnicity play any role?
What do the places with good records do differently than the places with bad records? This report was an attempt to find answers to such questions.
Statistical techniques that were used in the report were correlation analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression.
Software used for analysis was R.
Some of the interesting findings are:
- The highest number of homicides take place in July and August compared to other months
- Rifle is more common firearm among Native Americans/Alaska Natives compared to other ethnicities
- Intra-race homicide (e.g. whites murdered by whites) is way more common than inter-race ones (e.g. blacks murdered by whites)
- Though inter-race homicide is more common between whites and Native Americans (close to 40% of the homicides in native Americans were done by white)
- The highest number of murderers are acquaintances not strangers!
- Unlike common notion, places with less homicide are not the places with the strictest gun laws.
- Rather intuitively enough they are better at solving cases (they have a better ratio of solving case compared to the places with bad records).
The presence of military-trained gang members (MTGMs) in the community increases the threat of violence to citizens. The problem addressed was the growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities in Tennessee. We examined the perceived presence of military-trained gang members of gang investigators at the annual conference and whether there had been changes since the previous survey. Many respondents reported gang members in their jurisdictions were increasingly using military-type weapons or explosives (51%), as well as military-type equipment like body armor, night-vision devices, etc. (30%). Although few (24%) agreed that gang members were using military-type tactics, a majority (over 90%) reported gang members committed home invasions and armed robberies. Many (46%) reported that there were gang members in their jurisdiction currently serving in the military, while 64% reported they had gang members who had served. Most of the respondents (66%) did not believe that military representatives advised their department when gang members were discharged from the military. More of the 2014 respondents than those in 2010 reported gang member use of military weapons, explosives, and equipment. More also reported gang members committed home invasions and armed robberies, and gang members currently in the military in their jurisdictions. Fewer thought their organization had a working relationship with military investigative authorities.
Communities everywhere have experienced the negative effects of street gangs, domestic terrorists, and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The presence of these criminals increases the threat of violence to the community. When they have military training, the threat increases significantly. The problem addressed in this study was the growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities. The purpose of the study was to determine the perceived presence of military-trained gang members in jails and community corrections and to examine whether there was a relationship between the perceptions of sheriff’s deputies regarding that presence and a number of variables.
This is a presentation I made while I was going through my college days. A presentation which included 5 people all my peers and and a lot of research. You will find all types of Information on Rape with Real Case studies ranging from Man Raped by a woman to the Infamous Hannah Foster Rape Case. Read and Share so that everyone can know more about this heinous crime.
Domestic Violence Homicide Report: 2000-2008, Data were collected on 169 different domestic violence-related homicide incidents between 2000 and 2008, involving 180 victims and 173 perpetrators.
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault Partners With Law EnforcementMedicalWhistleblower
Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault is poorly understood and often not adequately investigated. This program seeks to describe the reality of drug facilitated sexual assault and to point out ways to improve outcomes for victims, law enforcement and social service providers.
REMEMBERING RAPE: THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOL EXPEC...Heather Flowe
Presented by Heather Flowe, University of Birmingham, School of Psychology at the Society for Research on Alcoholism annual meeting, San Diego, CA, June 2018
This study tested the effects of alcohol-intoxication on how accurately women remember forensically relevant information from a hypothetical rape scenario. A balanced placebo design was employed, with participants (N=78) randomly assigned to alcohol dose (.00% versus .075% BAC) and alcohol expectancy (told tonic versus told alcohol) conditions. Memory was tested seven days later. Mean memory accuracy was higher for information about pre-assault consensual sexual activities compared to the perpetrator’s actions during the offense (M=86% [CI.95: 81-89%] versus M=51% [CI.95: 46-56%]). Mean memory accuracy was higher if women expected to consume alcohol rather than tonic water (M = 72% [CI.95: 67-77%] versus M = 65% [CI.95: 60-70%], respectively), suggesting alcohol expectancy led to hypervigilance during encoding. Consuming alcohol compared to tonic water did not affect memory accuracy for consensual sexual activities (M=86% [CI.95: 80-91%] versus M=86% [CI.95: 81-89%], respectively) or for the perpetrator’s actions (M=47% [CI.95: 39-54%] versus M = 55% [CI.95: 48-63%], respectively). Calibration analyses indicated that accuracy increased with confidence level, regardless of intoxication level or alcohol expectancy condition, but that women tended to be overconfident in general. Implications and limitations of the research will be discussed.
R A P E V I C T I M S A R E A C L A S S O F P E R S O N S O F T E N D...MedicalWhistleblower
Every two minutes, somewhere in America, someone is sexually assaulted. 1, 2 One out of every six American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime. 3 Only one in 50 women who have been raped reports the crime to the police.4
Although both women and men may be victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking, women are the victims of the vast majority of these crimes. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than 85% of violent victimizations by intimate partners between 1993 and 1998 were perpetrated against women. Women are between 13 and 14 times more likely than men to be raped or sexually assaulted; for instance, in 1994, 93% of sexual assaults were perpetrated against women. Four of five stalking victims are women.
Gender-Based Violence in Afghanistan by Wazhma HakimiDr. Wazhma Hakimi
Harmful practices identified as Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Afghanistan, Prevalence of GBV in Afghanistan and Government Efforts to tackle Violence against women (VAW).
This is the presentation I am giving today (6.19.2014) at Ft. Huachuca (home of U.S. Army Intelligence Center) on male survivors of sexual abuse (including military rape).
Dissertation access to information & participatory developmentOjijo P
This paper analyzes the relationship between the concept of participatory development and access to information with special reference to the role of access to information law in facilitating the popular and hitherto missing participation of the citizenry in development. The author opines that there is a gap in participation, and the recommends that the government has an obligation to provide the legal framework for popular participation in development.
RACE, ETHNICITY, VICTIMIZATION, AND OFFENDINGPerception AlleneMcclendon878
RACE, ETHNICITY, VICTIMIZATION,
AND OFFENDING
Perception versus reality
Different sources of data
Intraracial versus interracial
Implications of racial disparities
OVERVIEW
• The media and perceptions of crime
• The “typical” victim and “typical” offender
• What do the data say?
• Victimization surveys
• The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
• Offending data
• The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
• Self-report data
• Intra versus interracial crime
PERCEPTIONS OF CRIME
• Many factors shape how we think about crime and justice
• One factor is media portrayals of crime and offenders
• Media exerts a potentially powerful influence on public perceptions
• Unfortunately, the image the media creates is often wildly distorted
• Portray violent crime more than property crime
• Suggest ever-rising crime rates
• Some types of crimes, offenders, and/or victims capture more attention
• Racial hoaxes
• When someone fabricates a crime or falsely blames someone based on race/ethnicity
• Most racial hoaxes involve whites blaming African Americans
PERCEPTIONS V. EMPIRICAL REALITIES
Media Portrayals
• Typically focused on violent crime
• Often portray crime as an interracial
event with a white victim
• Often emphasize “gang” involvement
Empirical Data
• More than 80% of crimes reported to
the police are property crimes
• A disproportionate number of crime
victims are persons of color
• Crime is predominately intraracial
• Not all group activity is gang activity
DATA LIMITATIONS
• Unfortunately, available data suffer from several limitations
• Limited data on certain groups/types of crime
• Most data compares Whites and Blacks
• Hispanic/Latinx data slowly increasing
• Racial/ethnic categories may vary across jurisdictions
• White versus nonwhite dichotomy
• Lumps all “non-whites” together
• Assumes homogeneity within groups
• Data suited for description, not establishing causality
• Can tell us differences exist, but not why they exist in many cases
RACE,
ETHNICITY, AND
VICTIMIZATION
EXAMINING
DISPARITIES
NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY (NCVS)
• Most systematic source of victimization information in the U.S.
• Household survey designed to be representative of the entire nation
• Persons aged 12 and older are surveyed
• Survey conducted every 6 months; households surveyed for 3 years
• Information collected
• Victim info; victim perceptions of offender characteristics; context of the event
• Data restricted to selected major crimes
• Race and ethnicity self-reported at household and individual level
• White, African American, and “other”
• Hispanic and non-Hispanic
• Captures crime/victimization data not necessarily reported to the police
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF VICTIMIZATION
• Victimization is widespread
• NCVS estimates roughly 20 million victimizations a year (about 18.6 in 2019)
• 2019 violent victimization rate = 21.0 per 1,000 (7.3 per 1,000 excluding sim ...
Module 7Inside and Out – Women and Abuse in Prison.docxroushhsiu
Module 7
Inside and Out – Women and
Abuse in Prison
Prevalence in Adult Facilities
Graphic by Just Detention International. Source: Bureau of Justice
Statistics, "Sexual Victimization Reported By Former State Prisoners,
2008,“ May 12, 2012.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse
in Prisons and Jails
Roughly 200,000 people are sexually
abused behind bars every year in the U.S.
Perpetrators in Prisons and Jails
Graphic by Just Detention International. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Sexual
Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2011-2012,“ May 12, 2013.
Frequency of Sexual Abuse
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Sexual Victimization
Reported By Former State Prisoners, 2008,“ May 12, 2012.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in
Colorado Facilities
Most Colorado
corrections facilities that
were surveyed have
rates of sexual abuse
at, or slightly below,
national levels.
Denver Women’s Correctional Facility (pictured
above) has some of the highest rates of sexual abuse
in the country.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by
Inmates, 2011-2012,“ May 12, 2013.
What groups of people do
you think are most likely to
be targeted for sexual
abuse in jail?
Perpetrators tend to target:
• Women
• People with mental illness
• Survivors of sexual abuse
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
inmates
• People incarcerated for violent sexual offenses
Vulnerable Inmates
• Is an act of violence — even without any
physical force
• Is used to establish and maintain power or
control
• Exists on a continuum of varying degrees
of severity
Sexual Abuse
Consent in a Custody Setting
Consensual Sex Among Inmates
vs. Sexual Assault
Unlawful Sexual
Contact
VICTIM
SUSPECT
Inmate Sex
INMATE
INMATE
FELONY
(PREA)
RULE
VIOLATION
Incidence of Inmate-on-Inmate
Sexual Abuse
• Sexual
harassment
• Protective pairing
• Exchanges/favors
• Ritual/gang abuse
• Sexual abuse in
romantic
relationships
Dynamics of Inmate-on-Inmate
Sexual Abuse
• Sexual harassment
• Voyeurism/flashing
• Exchanges/favors
• Abuse during
searches
• Perceived romantic
relationships
Staff-on-Inmate Sexual Abuse
Common Methods Used by
Perpetrators
• Sexual abuse is one of the most traumatic
forms of criminal victimization.
• Survivors often experience intense fear,
horror, and helplessness.
• Abuse is often perpetrated by someone the
victim knows.
Sexual Trauma
Survivors may experience:
• Numbness
• Shock
• Confusion
• Disbelief
• Helplessness
• Fear
• Anger
• Guilt
• Grief
• Frustration
• Disorientation
• Racing heart beat
and other signs of
physical arousal or
agitation
Initial Reactions to Sexual Abuse
Trauma can impair:
• Basic functioning
• Cognition
• Memory
• Health
• Relationships
Impact of Trauma
Survivors have an increased risk of:
• Depression
• Post-Traumatic
Stress Dis ...
11 Sex Offenders Assessment and TreatmentShahid M. Shahidullah an.docxpaynetawnya
11 Sex Offenders: Assessment and Treatment
Shahid M. Shahidullah and Diane L. GreenINTRODUCTION
There has been a rapid growth and expansion of correctional institutions in America in the1980s and 1990s. Between 1982 and 2003, correctional expenditures for all levels of government, including federal, state, and local, increased 573 percent. In 1982, total correctional expenditures were about $9.1 billion. In 2003, they increased to about $60.9 billion (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006). This rapid growth in correctional expenditures was accompanied with rapid growth in incarcerated population. In 2004, there were about 7 million people in America who were in prison, or jail, or in probation. Between 1995 and 2005, the incarcerated population in America grew at an annual rate of about 3.4 percent (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005). In 2001, about $38.2 billion was spent by the state authorities for corrections, and out of that about $28.4 billion was spent for adult correctional facilities. In 2001, about 59 percent of the justice expenditures of the states were for corrections alone.
This growth and expansion in corrections has brought, particularly for the states, not only new prisons and prison jobs but also new responsibilities and concerns for offender management. In the context of the emerging policy model of prison reentry, correctional institutions are being increasingly asked to build a bridge between prison and communities, particularly through a model of offender management that can reduce recidivism and strengthen reentry and reintegration. A new managerial paradigm is currently growing in American corrections that emphasizes that offender management should be seen in terms of a more holistic and comprehensive perspective—a perspective that can combine risk assessment and treatment with new goals and planning for their reentry and offender management in the communities (MacKenzie, 2001). This new model has expanded particularly in the area of sex offender management, and its expansion is planned and guided nationally by the Center for Sex Offender Management [CSOM]—a federal program established in 1997 by the Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, in collaboration with the National Institute of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, State Justice Institute, and the American Probation and Parole Association.
The core of the CSOM model is that sex offender management must begin with effective assessment and treatment of sex offenders inside the prison. Reentry and recidivism depend on whether the risk of reoffending was effectively assessed, and suitable treatment plans were made and offered. The postincarceration success of sex offender registration, notification, tracking, and management is now seen as intimately connected with effective sex offender assessment and treatment during incarceration in prison. It is because of this emerging comprehensive approach that correctional institutions are reexamining ...
Predicting Violent Behavior The Psychology of Risk Assessment.docxharrisonhoward80223
Predicting Violent Behavior: The Psychology of Risk Assessment
Chapter 14
Leroy Hendricks and Sexually violent Offenders
Sexually Violent Predator Civil Commitment Law (SVP)
Civil commitment of potentially dangerous sexual offenders
Often in treatment facilities until cleared
In the DA’s custody
As of 2013, 20 states and federal government passed such laws
Includes Texas – exclusively community-based commitment
Nearly 4500 sex offender committed under SVP since 1990, and only 494 released by 2007
Leroy Hendricks: First to be held under SVP
Leroy Hendricks and Sexually Violent Offenders
SVP objectives
Police power to protect citizens
Parens patriae power to protect those not able to care for themselves
Predicting future criminal conduct
Psychologists and psychiatrists
Controversy regarding accuracy
Controversy regarding double jeopardy, ex post facto, substantive due process
SVP Laws in United States
Blue shading indicates states that have SVP laws. Gray shading indicates states that do not have SVP laws.
Figure 14.1
4
Sexually Violent Offenders
Why were the SVP laws enacted?
Re-offense rates not as large as widely believed, but did increase over time to 24% after 15 years.
Sex offenders were thought to be uncontrollable and only stopped through incapacitation
Actual rates may be inaccurate.
Many unreported sexual crimes
Researchers can only sample self-reports, arrests, and convictions
Sexual re-offenses also affected by
Group of offenders followed
Length of time followed
Sexually Violent Offenders
Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) (U.S. Supreme Court)
SPV laws did not violate double jeopardy and ex post constitutional concerns
Laws imposed civil rather than criminal punishment and constitutional restrictions on punishment only applied to criminal matters
Substantive due process was not violated
Risk Assessment and the Law
Involuntary civil commitment
Decision to place someone in a psychiatric facility against his or her will
Mental disorder affecting functioning
Danger to self or others
Tarasoff
Gravely disabled
Risk Assessment and the Law
Sexually Violent Predator civil commitment (SVP)
Protection of community
Hendricks v. Hendricks (1994)
Broadly defined sexual predator
Supreme Court determined parens patriae treatment largely unnecessary (1997)
Kansas v. Crane (2002) explained criteria to commit an individual under SVP laws
Suffer from mental illness
Pose a future danger to society
Have serious difficulty controlling his or her urges
See Table 14.1 for more information
8
Risk Assessment and the Law
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder
Pervasive pattern of violation of rights of others since age 15 as demonstrated by three of seven criteria
Eighteen years of age
Conduct disorder with onset before 15 years
Antisocial behavior not exclusively to actions related to schizophrenia or manic episode
See Table 14.1 for more information
9
Risk Assessment and the Law
Challenges of risk assessment
Protect .
September spotlight: domestic and sexual violence against patients with sever...AVAproject
September Research Spotlight on an new piece of research that highlights the increased prevalence of domestic and sexual violence among people with a severe mental illness
Similar to 2010 Middle District PSN Training (09-30-10) (20)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. North Carolina’s Violent Death
Reporting System (NC-VDRS)
Middle District PSN Training
Workshop
September 30, 2010
2. Agenda
• Background and history of NC-VDRS
• Key findings from NC-VDRS
– Overall Violent Death
– Suicide
– Homicide
• Q&A
3. Violent Deaths in the US
• 50,000 Americans died from violence in 2002
– 40,000 MVTA, 14,000 HIV
– Suicide (32,000) > Assaults (18,000)
• Homicide and suicide affect young persons
– Homicide 2nd leading cause of death – persons 15-24 years
– Suicide 2nd leading cause of death – persons 15-34 years
• Elderly have high suicide rates
• Violence greater impact on some populations
groups
4. …But We Didn’t Know Enough…
• What % of women killed in DV assaults had a
restraining order against the offender?
• How many drug-related homicides are there in the
US each year?
• How often do multiple homicides occur?
• What % of youth suicide victims are intoxicated at
the time they kill themselves?
• How many homicides involves the use of an assault
weapon?
• What life crisis commonly precedes a suicide?
• How many men kill themselves after killing their
partner?
5. What is the National Violent Death
Reporting System (NVDRS)?
1. Population-based, public health reporting system on deaths
from violence managed by the CDC
● Funding through competitive application
● Ultimate goal to fund 50 states and territories
2. Data are collected by states and sent to CDC
● Data on homicides, suicides, and deaths from
unintentional firearm, legal intervention and undetermined
intent obtained from multiple sources
● Personal identifiers are removed
3. Provides timely and detailed data on incidents where someone
is killed by violence, including victims, suspects, weapons,
circumstances and their inter-relationships.
7. Introduction to NC-VDRS
• North Carolina is one of 18 states funded by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Housed in the State Health Department
• Collect detailed information on deaths from violence
– Suicide
– Homicide
– Unintentional Firearm
– Deaths of undetermined intent
– Legal Intervention
8. Data Sources
• Data are gathered from multiple
sources
–Death Certificates (SCHS)
–Medical Examiner (OCME)
–Law Enforcement (Local)
–NC-IBRS(SBI)
9. Types of information gathered
• Demographics (victim and suspect)
• Circumstances of the event
• Alcohol/drug use by the victim
• Type of location where the event
happened
• Type of weapon used
• Relationship between the victim and
suspect
10. Flow of Information for NVDRS
Occurrence of a
violent death
Medical
Examiner
State Health Dept
State agencies
Other Fed. agencies
General public
Researchers
Law
enforcement
Case Info
(- identifiers)
Death
certificate
NVDRS
(at CDC)
NC-VDRS
Analysis Files (+)
Data Re-release Policy
Certificate of Confidentiality
IRB approval for research
No restrictions for aggregate data
12. Deaths by Manner/Intent: Resident and Occurrence Deaths
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2009*
6254
3549
80 94 297
6421
3677
86 97 306
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Suicide Homicide Unintentional
Firearm
Legal
Intervention
Undetermined
Intent
Number of Deaths
Total resident deaths = 10,274
Total occurrence deaths = 10,587
Solid bars: resident deaths
Striped bars: occurrence deaths
*2009 data are provisional
13. Percent of Deaths Due to Violence by Manner/Intent:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
Suicide: 61%
Homicide: 35%
Unintentional Firearm: 1%
Legal Intervention: 1%
Undetermined Intent: 3%
14. Deaths Due to Violence by Manner/Intent and Age:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
<1 '1-4 '5-9
'10-1415-1920-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465-7475-84
85+
Number of Deaths
Suicide
Homicide
15. Violent Death Rates by Manner/Intent and Age:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
<1 '1-4 '5-9
'10-1415-1920-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465-7475-84
85+
Rates Per 100,000
Suicide
Homicide
16. Percent of Deaths Due to Violence by Race and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
55
41 40
60
90
6
92
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Black Male White Male Black Female White Female
Percent of Deaths
Homicide
Suicide
17. Violent Death Rates by Manner/Intent Sex and Race:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Rates per 100,000
Homicide Suicide
American Indian
Male
American Indian
Female
Black Male
Black Female
White Male
White Female
Other Male
Other Female
18. Percentage of Deaths From Suicides by Place of Injury :
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
82
1 2
5
1
4 4
1 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Suicide
Percent of Deaths by Place of Injury
House/Apartment
Residential
Institution
Highway/Road
Motor Vehicle
Recreational Area
Commercial Area
Natural Area
Other
Unknown
19. Percentage of Deaths From HOMICIDES by Place of Injury :
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
62
1
16
6
1
9
3
1 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Homicide
Percent of Deaths by Place of Injury
House/Apartment
Residential
Institution
Highway/Road
Motor Vehicle
Recreational Area
Commercial Area
Natural Area
Other
Unknown
20. Percent of Deaths by Manner and Method of Fatal Injury:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
68%
14%
6%
0%
5%
3%4%
60%
1%
0%
17%
0%
3%
Firearm
Sharp
Inst
Blunt
Poison
Hanging
Unarmed
OtherHomicide Suicide
22. Precipitating Circumstances For Suicide
• Recent depressed mood
• Current mental health problem/diagnosis
– If so, what was the diagnosis?
– Was the person under treatment for his/her
MH problem?
– Has the person ever been treated for a MH
problem?
• Alcohol dependence
• Substance abuse problem
23. Precipitating Circumstances For Suicide
• Did the person
– leave a suicide note?
– tell someone about his/her intent to commit
suicide?
– have a history of suicide attempts?
– experience some type of crisis in the past two
weeks?
– have a physical health problem that was
relevant to the suicide?
24. Percent of Suicides By Mental Health Status and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
49
42
36
41
47
67
62
66
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Reported
current
depressed
mood
MD Dx'd
current mental
illness
Current
Treatment
Ever Treated
Percent of Deaths
Males
Females
25. Percent of Suicides by Suicide Markers and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
12
24
27
39
19
30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
History Of attempts Disclosed Intent Left a note
Percent of Deaths
Males
Females
26. Percent of Suicides by Life Stressors and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
38
21
28
8
12
27
18
21
3 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Crisis
within 2
Weeks
Physical
Health
Problem
Intimate
Partner
Problem
Job
Problem
Legal
Problem
Percent of Deaths
Males
Females
27. Percent of Suicides by History of Substance Abuse and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
15
1212
16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alcohol Other Substance
Percent of Deaths
Males
Females
29. Precipitating Circumstances for
homicide
• Did the homicide
– result from an argument or conflict over money or
property?
– result from jealousy or distress over an
intimate partner’s relationship or suspected
relationship with another person?
– involve a conflict between current or former
intimate partners?
– involve other interpersonal conflict, such as
abuse, insult, grudge, or personal revenge?
30. Precipitating Circumstances for
homicide
• Did the homicide
– Did the homicide result from drug dealing or
illegal drug use?
– Was the homicide gang-related?
– Was the homicide precipitated by another
serious crime (e.g., drug dealing, robbery,
rape)If so, what type of crime?
– Was the other crime in progress when the
homicide occurred?
– Did the death involve justifiable self-defense?
31. Percent Homicides by Crime Related Circumstance and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
31
27
14
3
26
22
9
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Precipitated By
another Crime
Crime In
Progress
Drug
Involvement
Gang Related
Percent of Deaths
Males
Females
32. Percent Homicides by Conflict Related Circumstance and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
61
10
4
12
31
52
2 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Argument Initmate
Partner
Violence
Jealousy Victim Used a
Weapon
Percent
Males
Females
33. Percent of Homicides by Crime Related Circumstance:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
39
16
8
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Robbery Drug Trade Rape, Sexual
Assault
Motor Vehicle
Theft
Percent of Deaths
34. Percent of Homicides by Victim Characteristics:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
10 10
4
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Victim Used a
Weapon
Justifiable Self
Defense
Victim Was a
Bystander
Victim was
assisting crime
victim
Percent of Deaths
36. Number of Deaths and Incidents From Violence:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
1271067
2873
5383
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Single Suicide
Single HomicideMutiple Suicide
Multiple Homicide
Murder/Suicide
Number of Deaths
37. Percent of Murder/Suicide Victims by Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
Female(78%)
Male
(22%)
38. Percent of Murder/Suicide Perpetrators by Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
Female(5%)
Male
(95%)
39. Percent Murder/Suicide Victims by Race:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
63
26
3
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
White Black American
Indian
Hispanic
Percent of Deaths
40. Percent Murder/Suicide Perpetrators by Race:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
66
21
2
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
White Black American
Indian
Hispanic
Percent of Deaths
41. Percent Murder/Suicide Victims/Perp by Race and Gender:
North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System, 2004-2008
22
69
27
62
6 8
3 4
65
0
83
10
17
2 0
22
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Black Male White Male Black
Female
White
Female
Hispanic
Male
Hispanic
Female
American
Indian Male
American
Indian
Female
Percent of Deaths
Victim
Perp.
47. North Carolina Violent Death
Reporting System (NC-VDRS)
Tammy Norwood, Program Manager
NC Injury & Violence Prevention Branch
1915 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1915
919-707-5432
Tammy.norwood@dhhs.nc.gov
http://www.injuryfreenc.ncdhhs.gov/
Editor's Notes
Good Morning, I am Tammy Norwood, Program Manager for the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System. I am very excited to have this opportunity to share some information with you about our program
I will cover the background and history of the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System as well as the National System. Look at some of the key findings to date, discuss overall violent death, suicide and homicide. Then answer any questions
What did we know prior to the NVDRS, Violence was pervasive in our society. It affects the young and the old, the rich and the poor. Violence can be directed at one’s self, resulting in suicide or directed at others resulting in homicide, legal intervention, or even unintentional deaths from firearm injuries. In 2002, over 50,000 Americans died from violence in the US with 32,000 of those deaths being suicides. Homicide and suicide were affecting younger people at greater rates, homicide was the 2nd leading cause of death for those 15-24 and suicide the second leading cause of death for 15-34.
We could tell you who was dying but we really couldn’t answer the why. We just didn’t have a good understanding of the circumstance leading up to these deaths. The kind of information that is really important when putting prevention programs in place. So, the Centers for Disease Control was challenged with developing a surveillance system with the purpose of capturing information on these deaths.
The CDC developed the National Violent Death Reporting System which would be a population based surveillance system. States receiving funding collect information on all deaths from violence that occur in the state. The goal of the system was to provide more timely detailed data on violent death incidents. The system developed was based on FARS. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) began collecting crash data back in 1975
The CDC funded the first round of states in 2002. Here is a map showing the 18 states who are currently funding to collect this information.
North Carolina received funding in 2003 and began collecting information on violent deaths in 2004. Information is collected on suicide, homicide, unintentional firearm deaths, deaths of undetermined intent and legal intervention. Our system is housed in the state health department. In the injury and violence prevention branch.
Our primary data sources include death certificates, medical examiner. including autopsy and toxicology findings, law enforcement and NC-IBRS data provided by the SBI. The VDRS is a very unique system. It is a source based system allowing the collection of information from each source to be captured in separate data tables within the system. This allows us to look at information from each source separately as will as collectively. We have often been asked why not just get the information from one source. In order to get a better understanding of these deaths, we need information from all three sources. The death certificate tells us who died, the medical examiner provides information on caused the death, injuries, weapons, toxicology. Law enforcement provides the details of what occurred prior to the death, who was involved, where the incident took place and often why.
We gather various pieces of information from our data sources on both victim and suspects. We look at not only the demographics but where the incident occurred, weapons used, the circumstances leading up to the incident and relationships between those involved in the incident.
This chart demonstrates how information flows into our system. So, a death occurs, is reported to the medical examiner who issues a death certificate that is certify by the state. We receive the information from DC as well as ME, we later contact law enforcement.
Now I would like to share a few of our findings to date. As I stated earlier, we started collecting information in 2004 so most of the results I will talk about today includes 2004-2008. We have preliminary numbers for 2009 and have began data collection for 2010.
I included this slide to give you an idea of the number of violent deaths that have occurred in our state since 2004. Keep in mind the 2009 are preliminary and we have not included 2010. This shows total number of deaths between 2004-2009 by manner., there were over 10,000 deaths that occurred in NC. You will see that we have listed resident deaths as well as occurent deaths. We collected information on every death that occurs in NC regardless of residency. 97% of all victims of violent deaths are residents of our state.
In North Carolina there are over 1800 deaths from violence each year. 61% of those deaths are classified as suicide and 35% homicide. The remaining categories account for a very small percentage. Most people are very shocked to learn that there are about one-and-a-half times more suicides than homicides occurring every year in our state. In the US the patterns are very similar as well as other states.
Deaths from violence differ markedly by manner of death, age, race and sex. The highest number of suicides occurred between the ages of 25-54 while the highest number of homicides occurred between 20-44. When we look at the rate per 100,000 we get a slightly different picture.
When we look at the rate per 100,000 we get a slightly different picture. The 20-24 year old age bracket are more likely than any other age group to die from homicide. On the other hand, people aged 45 years and older are more likely to die from suicide.
Men make up over 70% of all violent deaths and. For homicide men make up almost 80%
55 percent of all male homicide victims were black, while 90 percent of all male suicide victims were white. Overall, 89% of all suicide victims were white while 51% of all homicide victims were black.
Violence affects racial groups differently and when we look at rates we see that although American Indian men made up only 3% of the homicide victims they are at highest risk to die from homicide with a rate of nearly 40 per 100,000. Followed by Black men with a rate of 36. Overall, whites are nearly 3 times more likely than blacks to die from suicide. Blacks are 4 times more likely to die from homicide than whites.
Overall firearms were the method most often used in all violent deaths. However the method used differed by manner. Poison was the second most common method used for suicide while sharp instrument was the second most common method used in homicide. We also see a difference when looking at sex, the method of suicide differed between men and women with poisonings more common in female suicide than male.
When trying to address the precipitating circumstance that lead up to each suicide we capture ….
Did the person leave a note, tell someone his/her intent, was there a history of attempts. Was there a crisis within two weeks, was there a physical health problem relevant to the suicide?
Almost half of the men and women were reported by a family member or friend as having been in a depressed mood prior to their suicide. Two thirds of the women who died by suicide had a medical history of depression or other type of mental illness. Over 60% were receiving treatment.
Here when looking at intent we see that women are more likely than men to have a history of attempts. This most likely goes back the method chosen based on gender.
38% of men who died by suicide were reported to have a crisis within 2 weeks. This could have occurred prior or anticipation of an event. The crisis was most often an intimate partner problem, this could be argument, break up, divorce. We see from 2004-2008 only 8% of men who died by suicide were reported to have job problems. We are very interested in seeing how the numbers for job loss, financial problems, and foreclosure/eviction change in the coming years. We have already noted changes in how often job problems or listed or current occupation listed as unemployed.
Alcohol abuse and substance abuse can be reported by friends and family or self perceived by the victim. Other substance includes prescription medication.
We have the ability to capture
31 percent of homicides involving male victims was precipitated by another crime, and in 27% of the incidents the crime was in progress. We know that our gang data is definitely an undercount.
When looking at conflict related circumstance start seeing clear difference. 61% of incidents involving male victims were related to an argument. Over 52 percent of the homicides involving females were related to intimate partner violence.
When we break down the type of crimes taking place those often were robbery followed by drug trade.
These are just some of the victim characteristics.
Talk a little bit about Murder/Suicide.
I mentioned earlier that our system is a relational database. We are able to look at all victims and suspects. Overall most of the incidents occurring in our state involve a single victim. This give you an idea of what we are capable of capturing. There were 127 incidents classified as murder/suicide.
Of those 125 incidents 81% of the victims were female while 19 percent were male.
When we look at the perpetrator in those 127 incidents 95% were male.
Looking at race, 62% were white
And 62% of the perpetrators were white.
Toxicology
How many victims in each manner were suspected of using alcohol prior to incident. 42% of legal intervention victims were suspected of using alcohol.
When we break down by gender and manner. 38% of all male homicide victims were suspected of using alcohol.
We really have the ability to capture over 300 variables for each violent incident. I shared a small portion of the information with you today. Here are a few of the publications that can be found on our website.
Thanks again. Please feel free to contact me if you additional question.