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Thinking infrastructurally. Panel 3: Future Avenues for Open Data. Tracey P. Lauriault
The document discusses the Geospatial Data Infrastructures (GDI) and their frameworks, highlighting the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) and its socio-technopolitical significance. It outlines various components such as data integration, standards, and policies necessary for effective open data management. Additionally, it references numerous resources, including international guidelines and data management policies relevant to geospatial data.
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Thinking infrastructurally. Panel 3: Future Avenues for Open Data. Tracey P. Lauriault
- 1. Thinking infrastructurally Panel 3: Future Avenues for Open Data Panel Tracey P. Lauriault Open Data Exchange 2013 (ODX13) Saturday April 6th Jeanne Sauvé House, McGill University 1514 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal
- 2. Geospatial Data Infrastructures(GDIs) Institutional Technical Framework Standards • administration • data integration • policy • interoperability • law • skills Geospatial Data Infrastructure (GDI) Framework Data Access Network • Geodetic • catalogs • base maps • Metadata • Web services Adapted from the Adaptation of Leavitt's Diamond of A Model of an Organization Centre for International Economics, 2000 (Scott, 1998:170) Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association http://www.gsdi.org/ GSDI Cookbook http://www.gsdidocs.org/GSDIWiki/index.php/Main_Page
- 3. Canadian Geospatial DataInfrastructure Is a socio-technopolitical state formation activity which manages territory and people Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) Delivered by the GeoConnections Program
- 4. Infrastructural Approach Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS)
- 5. Global Map International SteeringCommittee for Global Mapping Specifications: http://www.iscgm.org/cgi- bin/fswiki/wiki.cgi?page=Documentation
- 6. Agenda 21 -Rio 1992 http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=52
- 7. International Polar Year(IPY) IPY Data Management Policy: http://www.api-ipy.gc.ca/pg_IPYAPI_055-eng.html Canadian Polar Data Network: http://polardatanetwork.ca/ Polar Data Catalogue: http://polardata.ca/ Datacite Canada: http://cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/cisti/datacite-canada/index.html
- 8.
Editor's Notes
- #3 GDIs are the institutions, policies, technologies, processes and standards and framework data that direct the who, how, what and why geospatial data are collected, stored, manipulated, analyzed, transformed and shared, MULTIDIMENSIONAL, INTERSECTORAL, CROSS-DOMAIN, INTERDEPARTMENTAL, REQUIRING NATIONAL CONSENSUS BUILDING.Technopolitical Regime – grounded in institutions, linked sets of people, engineering and industrial practices, technological artifacts, political programs and institutional ideologies which act together to govern technological development and pursue technopolitics (Hetch)Research was informed by : Leavitts's Model of an Organization will inform the approach (figure 1.5). 5 integrated interdependent elements: Social structures comprise normative and behavioural structures. Normative structures are the values, norms, and role expectations in organizations while behavioural structures represent actual behaviour rather than the prescriptive for behavior. Behavioural structures can be observed in activities, interactions and sentiments. Organization culture is formed by social structures and includes the "basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously, and that define in a basic 'take for granted' fashion an organizations view of itself and its environment experience" (Schein in Dodgson, 1993:382). Participants are the individuals who, in return for a variety of inducements or personal aspirations contribute to the organization. They are the social actors of the organization and they shape the structure of the organization through their behaviour. goals or strategies and they are the conception of the desired ends that participants attempt to achieve through their performance. Technology in this model refers to the machines and mechanical equipment contained and used in organizations, and the technical knowledge and skill of its participants. GDIs like all organizations are complex human collectivities constructed to resolve societal problems (Baum, 2002 and Lomi & Larsen, 2001).
- #4 CGDI organizational structure illustrates the socio-technopolitical aspects of the infrastructureCGDI architecture document directs the social and technological construction of Canada in maps and dataSome discourse communities are identified as are values, beliefs, goals, methods to communicate, special terminology, vocabulary, and specific expertise – power/knowledgeGeospatial data infrastructures have been called: Digital Earth, global information infrastructure, library, information market placeActors – experts, politicians, bureaucrats, consultants who develop technologies, standards, practices, applications to serve as a frame of reference to control the way spatial information is collected, rendered, and disseminated.
- #5 Achieve sustained operation, continuity and interoperability of existing and new systems that provide essential environmental observations and information, including the GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) that facilitates access to, and use of, these observations and information.AndProvide a shared, easily accessible, timely, sustained stream of comprehensive data of documented quality, as well as metadata and information products, for informed decision-making.10 year implementation plan based on their data sharing principles, with strategic targets and a way to evaluate these To be achieved by 201588 Governments and the European Commission. 67 intergovernmental, international, and regional organizations with a mandate in Earth observation or related issues are Participating Organizations.Created at the 2002 world summit on sustainable development.Identification of effective national coordination mechanisms across both observation-provider and observation-user communities;Coordination at national, regional and global levels for linking and enhancing Earth observing and information systems;Development of a framework to ensure data continuity, including the smooth transition from research to operational systems;Adoption and advocacy of a comprehensive approach to global Earth observation systems, recognizing in particular the value of complementarity and integration of the surface- and subsurface-based, airborne and space-based components of GEOSS;Securing the long-term use and protection of all parts of the radio frequency spectrum needed for its space-based and surface-based components;Promotion of consistent standards and practices for observations across all earth systems by means of the GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) which will:consist of web-based portals, clearinghouses for searching data, information and services, registries and other capabilities supporting access to GEOSS components, standards, and best practices;provide the framework and operational interfaces for comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained observations of the Earth system, including space, airborne and in-situ systems;be constituted and populated by resources contributed from GEO Members and Participating Organizations, who will make best efforts to ensure sustained operation of the core components and related information infrastructure; maintain a process for interoperability that supports effective access to, exchange of and use of data, metadata and products across all GEOSS components, as identified in the appropriate GCI registries.This will be demonstrated by:Deployment, population, and enablement of sustained operations and maintenance of a user-friendly and user-accessible GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI), including the core components and functions that link the various resources of GEOSS.Coordinated planning and sustained operation of national, regional and global observing and information systems within an interoperability framework.Continual improvement in observations and information available to users through the transition of research outcomes and systems into operational use, and through an optimal mix of space-based, airborne and in-situ observing platforms.Increased efficiency in the operation of observational systems through convergence among global, regional and national facilities.Comprehensive gap analysis and gap filling, integrated across all Societal Benefit Areas, including issues pertaining to operational redundancy and succession planning (especially with respect to space missions) for systems and products.
- #6 196 Countries, 12 countries considering participation, mostly national mapping organizationsInternational Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM) was established in February 13,1996 in Tsukuba Japan by the participants of the Preparatory Meeting of the ISCGM. And the First Meeting of the ISCGM was held in February 14, 1996.Global Map is a group of global geographic data sets of known and verified quality, with consistent specifications which will be open to the public. Global Map is considered a common asset of mankind, and will be distributed worldwide at marginal cost.ISCGM/FAQFAQ (Frequently asked questions)About GM Data DetailsQ. Can I have the details of Global Mapping?Q. What is the difference between GM V.1.0 and V.0?Q. What is the data source for Global Map V.0?Q. How many layers are there in the Global Map?Q. What is the coordinate system?Q. What is the data format?Q. What resolution is raster data?Q. How can I get the information of the place of raster layersAbout Data Use and Data PolicyQ. Can anybody use the data?Q. Can I use the data for commercial purposes?Q. Do I have to get permission for placing a GM product in website or papers?About The DownloadQ. I can’t login to the Global Map download page. How can I do this?About The Software for GM DataQ. Which software do I have to use?About Editing and Analyzing for The DataQ. Can I edit the data?About The Progress of Global MappingQ. When did the GM project start?Prospect for the futureQ. How many countries participate?Q. How many countries' data can I get ?Q. What is the progress of Global Mapping ProjectQ. When will all the data be completed?Q. Will the data be updated in the future?OthersQ. Who creates the data?Q. Are there countries which reject participating in the project?Q. Are there countries which can not create the data?Q. What is the Global Mapping Project for?Q. Are the data used?FAQ particularsAbout GM Data DetailsQ. Can I have the details of Global Mapping?A. We provide the specifications of Global Mapping with HP.>>You can get the specifications pdf file here.DocumentationQ. What is the difference between GM V.1.0 and V.0?A. GM V.1.0 is produced by National Mapping Organizations under their responsibility. GM V.0 is based on existing global geographic datasets.Q. What is the data source of Global Map V.0?The data source of Land use, Land cover and Vegetation layers is Global Land Cover Characterization datasets by the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and the Joint Research Center of the European Commission.The source of Elevation layers is GTOPO30 by U.S. Geological Survey’s EROS Data Center.Q. How many layers are there in the Global Map?A. The Global Map data set has 8 layers: Boundaries, Drainage, Transportation, Population Centers, Elevation, Land Cover, Land Use, and Vegetation.Q. What is the coordinate system?A. The ITRF94 coordinate system will be adopted as the reference coordinate system. GRS80 ellipsoid will be adopted to represent the position of spatial objects in longitude and latitude. As the difference between these coordinates and WGS84 coordinates is negligible at the scale of this product, data in WGS will be taken to be in ITRF94.Q. What is the data format?A. Vector data will be distributed in VPF format.Raster data will be distributed as Band Interleaved (BIL) files with a separate header file.Metadata file accompanies each layer within each library.Q. What resolution is the raster data?A. The resolution for raster data is 30” by 30”, which is about 1km at the the equator. The resolution gets progressively finer longitudinally towards the poles.Q. How can I get the detailed information of the raster layers?A header file will accompany each raster file. The position of the cell size, the cell and other information are included in this file.About Data use and data policyQ. Can anybody use the data?For non-commercial use, please feel free to use the data.Q. Can I use the data for commercial purposes?For commercial purposes, it’s up to each country. Please see the data policy on download page. If the country approves commercial use, you can use it for the purpose.If the country doesn’t show about the commercial use, you should contact to the country directry. If you are permitted, you can use it for commercial purposes.Q. Do I have to get permission for placing a GM product in website or papers?If this is for noncommercial use, you don’t need to get permission. However, please acknowledge the source of the data. And please let us know if you are used Global Map via e-mail.Agreement for useTHIS DATA IS FOR NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY.ANY UNAUTHORIZED USE OF THESE DATA FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSES IS IN VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT LAWS AND STRICTLY FORBIDDEN.The copyright of the Global Map data you are going to download belongs to Mapping Organizations of respective countries.The Global Map Data stored on this page is based on Global Map Specifications. Please refer to the specifications of the Global Map data for the detailed information.In order to view the Global Map Data, GIS software corresponding to the Global Map Data is needed. Please ask each GIS vendor for GIS software usable for the Global Map Data.In a case that some results are obtained through a use of Global Map data, information on the results shall be provided to the secretariat of ISCGM as much as possible.
- #8 Happens +/- every 50 years, the first in 1882, the latest started in 2007Partner MembersThe University of Alberta LibrariesThe University of Waterloo, Canadian Cryospheric Information NetworkOntario Council of University Libraries, Scholars PortalGovernment of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Integrated Science Data ManagementGovernment of Canada, National Research Council, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical InformationAssociate MembersGovernment of Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
- #9 Digital Curation Centre http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/curation-lifecycle-model/lifecycle-model-faqs“The DCC Curation Lifecycle Model provides a graphical, high level overview of the stages required for successful curation and preservation of data from initial conceptualisation through the iterative curation cycle. The model can be used to plan activities within a specific research project, organisation, or consortium to ensure all necessary stages are undertaken, each in the correct sequence. It is important to note that the description, preservation planning, community watch, and curate and preserve elements of the model should be considered at all stages of activity.”