La presentació que Johan Steelant, director de la Divisió d'Anàlisi de Propulsió i Aerotermodinàmica del ESTEC-ESA va fer a Ecotendències Cosmocaixa el 31 de gener de 2012.

1. LAPCAT: Long Term Advanced Propulsion
Concepts and Technologies
High-Speed Civil Air Transportation
J. Steelant
31.01.2012 ESA-ESTEC
CosmoCaixa Section of Aerothermodynamics
Barcelona, Spain and Propulsion
Noordwijk, Netherlands

2. Objectives & Challenges
 Mission Objective:
 Travelling From Barcelona to Sydney
in about 4 hours
 Major Challenges:
– Long range: up to the other side of the world
– High-Speed: up 10x higher or 8 x speed of sound
– Completely New Vehicle Concepts
 Multiple disciplines to be integrated:
– High-Speed Engines
– High-Speed Aerodynamics
– High-Temperature Materials
– Highly-Integrated Concepts
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
2 31st January 2012

3. Trans-European Cooperation
LAPCAT II: 16 partners
3 industrial partners + 3 SME
5 research institutions
5 universities
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
3 31st January 2012

4. High-Speed Propulsion
• Propulsion Cycles
• Combined Cycles for High-Speed Vehicles
• Turbo-Ramjet
• Turbo-Dual Mode Ramjet
• ATR-engines: Gas Generator and Expander Cycles
Fan & hub turbine
Core
HX3 engine
combustor
Two spool
compressor
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona He CR Bypass
4 31st January 2012 Preburner Turbine combustor

5. High-Speed Propulsion
• Propulsion Components:
• Contra-rotating Fans, CR-Compressors and CR-Turbines
• Heat exchangers: low and high temperatures
• Low NOx-Combustor
• High-Speed Combustion
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
5 31st January 2012

6. High-Speed Aero and Propulsion
Propulsive Testing of Complete Vehicle on reduced scale:
Validating Design, Integration & Nose-to-Tail tools
Wind tunnel testing of:
- Intake
- Aerodynamics
- Full flowpath
WT Scaling: 1/60
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
From 90m to 1.5m
6 31st January 2012

7. Technology Developments
• High-Temperature Light-Weight Materials
• CMC and UHTC for sharp leading edges, intakes…
• Integrated cooling with CMC Combustor chambers
• Transpiration cooling for combustor liners
• Hollow Sphere based
Sandwich Panels
C/C-SiC
mc=2.9 g/s
Whipox sharp edge
1500.0°C
1500
1000
500
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
7 31st January 2012 250.0°C

8. Environment
 Fuel Consumption/Passengers/Distance
Relative Fuel Consumption/PAX/Distance
2.5
’60 design from
2
Lockheed
Present Designs
1.5
Under study
1
JF JF H2 H2 H2
0.5
0
A380 ATLLAS M3 HYCAT LAPCAT A2 LAPCAT MR2
(ATLLASM6)
 High Altitude Emissions:
- No CO2 or Particle emissions
- Contrails
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
8 31st January 2012

9. Environment
 NOx production
– Low for hydrogen powered vehicles: EINOx ~ 5-10 g/kg fuel
– Low NOx combustor demonstrator
 Sonic boom
– At present, not higher than
Concorde despite the higher cruise
speeds
– Further potential to lower it … yet
under study
 Other issues under study
– Ozone balance at high altitudes
– Ground pollution
– Radiation
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
9 31st January 2012

10. Operations - Exploitation
 Airports
– Evolution towards central hubs located close to sea
 No need for a subsonic leg overland
 Hydrogen Production
– Preferably by electrolysis of water powered by alternative
energy
– Location close to sea-side beneficial due to:
• Large water resources
• Use of larger wind potential
 Future studies required for Hydrogen production
 Exploitation on long-haul routes
– Increased usage of high-speed aircraft vs. classical aircraft
- 4 to 6 times more pending on distances, time-schedules…
- High-Altitude flights (24-30km): less in-air congestion
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
10 31st January 2012

11. LAPCAT: Long Term Advanced Propulsion
Concepts and Technologies
High-Speed Civil Air Transportation
THANKS
Any Questions….
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
11 31st January 2012

12. Acknowledgements
This work was performed within the ‘Long-Term Advanced
Propulsion Concepts and Technologies II’ project
investigating high-speed transport. LAPCAT II, coordinated
by ESA-ESTEC, is supported by the EU within the 7th
Framework Programme Theme7 Transport, Contract no.:
ACP7-GA-2008-211485. Further info on LAPCAT II can be
found on http://www..esa.int/techresources/lapcat_II.
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
12 31st January 2012

13. High Speed Vehicles: Range
R= 18,728km; 4.6h
R= 14,100km; 2.5h
R= 10,913km; 2.0h
R= 12,071km; 2.6h
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
13 31st January 2012

14. Combined vs Integrated
Range Potential
2.50
Cruise Range Factor
Potential
LAPCAT MR2 (H2)
2.00 LAPCAT
LAPCAT A2 (H2)
Designs LAPCAT MR1 (H2)
Global Flyer
A380-800 A380-800F
A340-600
1.50 B747-400int
B767-400ER B787
MD11
A300-600
A400M/20t A400M/37t
B747-100
B777-300
A320 C5
An-124
An-225
B737-700
DC-8-54AF B707-320
1.00 B727-200
C990
C-130H ATLLAS M3T (JF1)
Comet 4 Concorde B
Concorde HYCAT M6 (H2)
T-4 101
TU-144D/RD36XB-70
0.50
TU-144LL/NK321 SR-71
Classical Designs
X-15
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Mach
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
14 31st January 2012

15. High Speed Vehicles:
Cruisers up to Antipodal Range
Flight speeds from Mach 3 to 8
HydroCarbon Hydrogen
5.0
3.5
6.0
8.0
4.5
8.0
8.0
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
15 31st January 2012

16. A dream as background:
–6
Initiation of
Mach
hypersonic transport
Initiation of the high supersonic
transport (80’)
–3
–2
Initiation of the supersonic
commercial transport era (70’)
–1
Initiation of the commercial jet
era (50’) Time
CosmoCaixa, Barcelona
31st January 2012