2 introduction to computer programming
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This document introduces computer programming concepts such as algorithms, procedures, flowcharts, and pseudocode. It provides examples of each, such as writing an algorithm to solve a maze using flowcharts. Pseudocode is explained as a way to plan out a program using a mix of English and code. The document gives examples of how to write pseudocode using concepts like variables, conditionals, and loops. It also provides activities for students, such as writing an algorithm for a solar tracker that follows the sun's azimuth and zenith angles.
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The document discusses algorithms and their analysis. It defines an algorithm as a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem and get a desired output. Key aspects of algorithms discussed include their time and space complexity, asymptotic analysis to determine best, average, and worst case running times, and common asymptotic notations like Big O that are used to analyze algorithms. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine the time and space complexity of different algorithms like those using loops, recursion, and nested loops.
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2 introduction to computer programming
- 2. Process Procedure Algorithm A series of actions or steps taken to achieve an end. A series of actions conducted in a certain order. An ordered set of steps to solve a problem.
- 5. Class activity Write a very detailed and step-by-step procedure on how to prepare a homemade lemonade using flowcharts.
- 6. Class activity Quality Control Process Flow Chart
- 7. Class activity Design an algorithm to solve the following maze using flowcharts.
- 8. Pseudocode Written language that is part-code English and helps a programmer to plan the layout of his program. Example: Define N N 15 Multiply N by 100 Print N to Main Label
- 9. How to write pseudocode A computer can: 1. Receive information (Read, Obtain, Get) 2. Put out information (Print, Display, Show) 3. Perform arithmetic (Compute, Calculate, Determine, Increment, Decrement, Compare) 4. Assign a value to a variable or memory location (Define, Set, Init) 5. Compare two variables and select one of two alternate actions (IF, THEN, ELSE, ELSE-IF, ENDIF) 6. Repeat a group of actions (FOR, NEXT, WHILE, ENDWHILE, REPEAT, UNTIL)
- 10. Example
- 11. Conditional Loops FOR for counter from 1 to N do conditional code end for repeat N times conditional code end repeat
- 12. Class Activity
- 13. Conditional Loops WHILE while condition do conditional code end while
- 14. Conditional Loops DO- WHILE do conditional code while condition end while
- 16. Class activity Smoke detection code: If smoke sensor detect upnormal amount of smoke, then alarm system activate (sound alarm, light change, send sms, autocall), then smoke controller runs, open sprinklers, open ventilation system.
- 17. Homework (Solar Tracker) Azimuth – This is the compass angle of the sun as it moves through the sky from East to West over the course of the day. Zenith – This is the angle of the sun looking up from ground level or the horizon. Design an algorithm by using pseudocode for a solar tracker. This solar tracker must follow the sun in order to get the most efficient output. Please specify how both azimuth and zenith can be used for this purpose.
- 18. Class activity Write a very detailed and step-by-step paragraph on how to find the shortest path. Start: A End: C