This document provides information about zero, first, second, and third conditional sentences in English. It explains that zero conditional refers to facts or commands. First conditional refers to possible future events or consequences. Second conditional refers to unlikely or hypothetical scenarios using "if" plus past tense verbs. Third conditional refers to unreal past situations using "if" plus past perfect verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate the structures and uses of each conditional type.

3. What we will learn?

6. Zero Conditional
Apa itu zero conditional? Zero conditional atau bisa juga disebut if clause tipe
0 merupakan tipe pengandaian yang menunjukkan kebiasan atau fakta yang
pasti terjadi. Pengandaian tipe ini bisa juga menunjukkan perintah atau dalam
Bahasa Inggris disebut imperative sentence.
Misalnya, “Kalau aku merem, aku gak bisa liat.” Atau “Kalau kebanyakan main
hape di tempat gelap, mata jadi rusak.” Itu adalah fakta. Dan itu masuk ke
dalam zero conditional.
Sekarang kita coba dalam Bahasa Inggris ya :
"If I close my eyes, I see nothing but darkness."
"If you play your mobile phone for too long in the darkness, your eyes are at
risk."
Dari situ keliatan kan, kalau zero conditional menunjukkan hal yang pasti
terjadi. Nah, selain itu, zero conditional bisa juga digunakan untuk
pengandaian yang menunjukkan perintah. Contohnya begini, guys:
"If you have questions, write down in the comment section below."
Untuk fungsi yang ini, nggak perlu menambahkan Subject lagi setelah if
clause karena menunjukkan kalimat perintah. Jadi, bisa langsung ditulis Verb-
nya apa. Tentunya pakai Verb 1, ya!

7. Example of Zero Conditional Sentence

8. First Conditional
Kita lanjut ke first conditional atau if clause tipe 1. Ada dua hal yang
tergolong ke dalam First Conditional pada Conditional Sentence.
Pertama yaitu penggunaan 'if' sebagai pengandaian tentang hal yang bisa
saja terjadi. Kedua yaitu penggunaan 'if' sebagai hal yang akan kamu
lakukan jika suatu hal telah terpenuhi. Sebagai Pengandaian Hal yang
Bisa Saja Terjadi
"Langitnya mendung ya. Kalo ga bawa payung, nanti kehujanan lho!"
Kamu pasti pernah kan, mengatakan hal seperti itu. Dari kalimat itu, kita
tahu bahwa belum pasti terjadi hujan, tapi bisa saja terjadi. Lalu, kita
berandai-andai, kalau benar terjadi hujan dan gak bawa payung, kamu
bakal kehujanan.
Kalau kalimat itu diubah ke Bahasa Inggris jadinya gini:
“The sky is really dark. It’s going to rain soon. If you don't bring your
umbrella, you will get wet.”
Kalau ngomongin pengandaian tipe ini, pola yang dipakai adalah seperti
ini:

9. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, percakapan itu menjadi seperti ini:
“Do you wanna go to Budi’s house?”
“Actually, I am kinda lazy. But, if you come, I will come too.”
“What if I don't?”
“If you don’t go. I won't go. I don’t want to go alone.”
Gimana? Simple banget kan? Sekarang, kita coba latihan soal ya!
Sebagai Akibat dari Suatu Syarat yang Terpenuhi
Selain sebagai pengandaian untuk hal yang bisa saja terjadi, First Conditional juga bisa
dipakai untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan, jika ada hal yang
terjadi. Misalnya, “Aku gamau berangkat kalau kamu nggak mandi!”
Atau contoh yang sering dilontarkan orang ketika main :
“Kamu datang nggak nanti ke tempat si Budi?”
“Aku sebetulnya males sih. Tapi kalau kamu ikut, aku ayo deh!”

12. Second Conditional
Masih semangat belajar? Hehehe... Selanjutnya ada second
conditional atau if clause tipe 2. Conditional Sentence tipe ini
digunakan ketika kamu berandai-andai tentang sesuatu yang gak
mungkin terjadi. Bahasa sederhananya, kamu mengkhayal. Lebih
sederhananya lagi, Anda halu. Mengharapkan sesuatu yang tidak
mungkin.
Di sore yang hujan, tiba-tiba saya bilang ke temen, “Duh, kalo aja
aku bisa balik ke masa muda, pasti aku bakal lebih sering main
sama temen di sekolah.”
Lihat perbedaannya kan, dengan zero dan first conditional? Gak
mungkin kita beneran bisa kembali ke masa muda.
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, kehaluan ini menjadi “If I became a
teenager again, I would play more with my friends at school."

13. If I Were
Seperti yang udah dijelasin di atas bahwa dalam Second Conditional, kita
menggunakan If + S + Verb 2. Nah, yang dimaksud dengan verb di sini gak
cuma kata kerja aja kayak 'go', 'sleep', 'walk' yang berubah menjadi Verb 2
yaitu 'went', 'slept', 'walked', dan kata kerja lainnya, tetapi to be seperti 'is',
'am', dan 'are' juga berubah menjadi Verb 2, ya!
Berhubung dalam Second Conditional ini kita menggunakan Verb 2, maka
kita memakai bentuk lampaunya, alias 'were'.
“Lho, kenapa were? Kenapa nggak was? Kan dia verb 2 juga?”
Betul. 'Was' juga termasuk ke dalam verb 2. Kamu bahkan mungkin akan
mendengar kalimat “If I was her parents, I wouldn’t do it!” misalnya. Kalimat
itu bisa aja kamu temui di kehidupan nyata, atau diomongin langsung
sama native speaker. Orang-orang pun paham maksudnya. Tetapi, kalimat
tersebut secara grammar salah. Yang benar adalah:
“If I were her parents, I wouldn’t do it!”
Mau depannya 'he', 'she', atau 'I', dalam Conditional Sentence Second
Conditional tetap menggunakan 'were' ya! Misalnya dalam contoh dialog ini:
Anwar: I think Desy is angry now.
Ratu: I don’t think so. If she were angry, she would shut herself up in her
room.
Okee, semoga paham yaa. Sekarang kita lanjut ke tipe selanjutnya.

14. Using other modals
instead of “would”
in the 2nd
conditional
Note: It is also possible to
use other modals such as
“could,” “might,” and
“should” in place of
“would” in the 2nd
conditional. Changing the
modal changes the degree
of certainty or the tone of
the sentence, with “might”
being not very sure, “could”
being about 50/50 and
“should” being used for
making suggestions.

15. Using the
continuous form
in 2nd
conditionals
Note: It is also possible to use the
continuous form to talk about
unfinished or continuous actions
/states that would result from the
improbable/hypothetical conditions
described by 2nd conditional
sentences. The structure is the same
in the condition part with “If”
followed by the simple past, while
the result part takes “would”
followed by “be” and the verb in the
continuous form.
Here, the action of living in London
would have started in the past and
would still be continuing now if the
condition was true, which,
unfortunately, it isn’t, as living in the
capital usually costs a lot of money.

17. 3rd Conditional Sentence
Terakhir ada third conditional atau if clause tipe 3. Gimana tuh
ya? Bayangkan kejadian ini: kamu janjian sama teman dekatmu
pukul 10 pagi. Malamnya, karena lagi demen binge watching,
kamu begadang dan akhirnya tidur pagi. Lalu, kamu baru bangun
jam setengah sepuluh! Alarm kok gak bunyi? Akhirnya kamu
loncat dari kasur, ngibrit ke kamar mandi.
Kamu bersiap-siap pakai baju terbaik. Waktu tinggal 10 menit
lagi!
Kamu ambil motor, tancap gas ngebut… lalu kecelakaan.
Di rumah sakit, Ibumu pun menasehati, “Kan… coba aja kamu
gak begadang. Kalo gak begadang pasti gak bangun kesiangan.
Kalo gak kesiangan kan nggak buru-buru deh. Jadi nggak perlu
ngebut, gak bakal kayak gini kejadiannya.”
Nah, pengandaian si ibu itu termasuk ke dalam Third Conditional.
Di tipe ini, tujuannya adalah menggambarkan hal-hal yang
bertolak belakang dengan apa yang terjadi atau apa yang
seharusnya/ingin dilakukan di masa lalu.
Nah, kalau contoh kasus kecelakaan tadi, dalam Bahasa Inggris
jadinya begini nih:
“If Fahri had woken up on time, he would not have been in such a
hurry. If Fahri had been more careful, he would not have had an
accident.”

18. Here, in reality, it did not rain and the picnic was not cancelled, but there was a possibility of this
potentially happening in the past.

19. Using the 3rd
conditional to
express regrets
Note: Since the 3rd
conditional deals with
situations that could have
but didn’t happen in the
past, it is often used to
talk about regrets or
things we wish had
happened differently.
Here, the speaker could
have studied harder and
the result could have been
passing his exam, but in
reality, they didn’t study so
much and they didn’t pass.
It is too late for this
condition to become true.

20. Using “- ‘d” for
“would” and
“had” in the 3rd
conditional
Note: In English, we often
abbreviate words especially when
speaking casually. Both the words
“would” and “had” can be
abbreviated to “- ‘d” ( apostrophe +
“d” ). This can be confusing when it
occurs in the 3rd conditional which
uses both words in the same
sentence. To help you decide which
word “- ‘d” is referring to, remember
that:
“would” never appears with “if” in the
condition part of the sentence. If you
see “- ‘d” after “if” it must be the
abbreviation of “had”.
“Had” can never be before “have”.
So if you see “- ‘d” before “have”
then it must be the abbreviation of
“would”.

21. Using other
modals instead
of “would” in
the 3rd
conditional
Note: It is possible to
use other modals such as
“could,” “might,” and
“should” in place of
“would” in the 3rd
conditional as well.
Changing the modal
changes the degree of
certainty, with “might”
being not very sure,
“could” being about
50/50 and “should”
being very sure.

22. Using the
continuous form
in the 3rd
conditional
Note: The continuous
form can also be used in
the 3rd conditional to talk
about unfinished or
continuous actions /states
that would have resulted
in the past, from possible
past conditions that didn’t
actually happen. The
structure is the same in
the condition part with
“If” followed by the past
perfect, while the result
part takes “would”
followed by the present
perfect continuous

23. Summary of 2nd and 3rd conditional structures
In summary, 2nd conditionals can happen but there are low chances they
will, whereas 3rd conditionals can’t happen, as they are in the past and now
impossible. Compare the difference in meaning in the examples below:
◦ If he invited me, I would go to his party (unlikely but still possible).
◦ If he had invited me, I would have gone to his party (in the past –
impossible).
◦ In the 2nd conditional, the sentence describes that going to the party can
happen but the speaker doesn’t believe there is a high chance they will be
invited. In the 3rd conditional sentence, the reality is that the speaker was
not invited and did not go to the party, although it was possible in the past.