The document is a letter from William B. Grant providing information and resources about vitamin D and its health benefits. It includes links to several websites, presentations and books on the topic. It summarizes that vitamin D is important for reducing risks of various diseases and that most Americans do not obtain enough vitamin D from diet and sun exposure. It recommends 4000 IU of vitamin D per day for optimal health.
Bloomberg New Energy Finance is the world's leading provider of independent news, data, and analysis for renewable energy and carbon markets. It delivers comprehensive subscription services including verified news, the largest renewable energy project and company database, and industry-leading research. Bloomberg New Energy Finance helps decision-makers in these complex, rapidly changing markets make informed decisions through expert analysis and insights.
This document contains a Jeopardy-style game about various diseases including hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, STDs, tuberculosis. The game contains clues and answers about transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention of various diseases.
The document provides information about Vietnam's history, culture, cuisine, tourism industry, and accommodations. It discusses:
1. Vietnam's history from French colonial rule to the present, including major events like independence, the Vietnam War, and economic reforms.
2. Key influences on Vietnamese cuisine from China and France, and popular dishes from different regions. Cuisine is an important part of Vietnamese culture and tourism.
3. Vietnam's developing tourism industry, which attracts visitors interested in history, culture, nature and adventure. Popular destinations include Ha Long Bay, war sites, and architectural landmarks from French rule.
4. The scale and distribution of Vietnam's accommodations, initially concentrated along coastal cities
The document discusses the role of vitamin D in preventing cancer. It provides an overview of vitamin D, its functions, and how it may prevent cancer development. Studies show vitamin D supplementation reduces risks of cancers like breast, colon, and prostate by 30-50%. However, randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm potential preventative effects suggested by observational studies. Future research on vitamin D's cancer prevention properties holds promise.
High-dose vitamins drips and antioxidants have been doing the rounds for over 50 years and even pranged a few high-flyers, including two famous Nobel laureates, in the process. Professor James Watson (one of the DNA's founding fathers) and a controversial Nobel laureate stated in a peer-reviewed paper that antioxidant supplements 'may have caused more cancers than they have prevented'.High-dose vitamins drips and antioxidants have been doing the rounds for over 50 years and even pranged a few high-flyers, including two famous Nobel laureates, in the process. Professor James Watson (one of the DNA's founding fathers) and a controversial Nobel laureate stated in a peer-reviewed paper that antioxidant supplements may have caused more cancers than they have prevented'. And he was proven correct because studies have repeatedly shown that, with the possible exception of vitamin D, these supplements have negligible positive effect on healthy people, at least in terms of important things such as preventing cancer.
Vitamin D Update presented by Dustin Sulak D.O. at the Maine Osteopathic Association Midwinter Conference on February 8th, 2013. The presentation provided an overview and history of vitamin D, discussed vitamin D physiology including its activation in the body and role in the parathyroid hormone pathway. It reviewed past studies on vitamin D and various health outcomes such as heart disease, cancer, pain, and diabetes. Recent studies presented showed associations between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of cesarean section, respiratory infections, and other conditions.
Week 4 Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and DisastersPublic he.docxjane3dyson92312
Week 4: Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and Disasters
Public health threats, emergencies, and disasters are as diverse as they are devastating to a population. Infections such as pandemic influenza outbreaks cause severe illness and often death in susceptible populations like the very young or old. Disasters such as these require rapid response to vaccinate susceptible populations and educate the public on how to protect themselves from contracting the disease.
Natural disasters like tsunamis, hurricanes, sudden heavy snowstorms or blizzards, and flooding also jeopardize health. These types of disasters create environmental health concerns through the spread of toxic waste, increased water-borne infections and insect-borne disease, as well as loss of power or the inability to navigate roadways during floods or blizzards. In addition, natural disasters create environmental concerns such as low food supply, destruction of crops and livestock, and lack of clean water. Natural catastrophes like these are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as long as climate change with increasing global temperatures continues unchecked through slow reaction or frank inaction by governments.
Organizations across the globe are developing strategies for decreasing their carbon footprint in order to reduce pollution that contributes to climate change. Because no one is immune from this hazard, nurses must have a grasp of the growing concern for the impact of climate change and its associated implications for public health worldwide. It is important for nurses to learn how to increase their leadership capabilities to affect local, state, and national outcomes.
This week, you will consider the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues. Additionally, you will discuss the role of nurses in developing health promotion and health protection strategies to address global climate change health concerns.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues
Analyze the implications of global climate change on health*
*The Assignment related to this Learning Objective is introduced this week and submitted in Week 5.
Photo Credit: Photograph by Michael Rieger taken on 09/01/2005 in Louisiana - 15091. FEMA.
Learning Resources
Note:
To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the
Course Materials
section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
Holtz, C. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies
(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 14, “Global Perspectives on Nutrition” (pp. 355–384)
Chapter 16, “Global Perspectives on Environmental Health” (pp. 409–427)
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016).
Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 10, “Environmental Health” (pp. 217–241)
Public Health Nursing: Population-Cen.
Bloomberg New Energy Finance is the world's leading provider of independent news, data, and analysis for renewable energy and carbon markets. It delivers comprehensive subscription services including verified news, the largest renewable energy project and company database, and industry-leading research. Bloomberg New Energy Finance helps decision-makers in these complex, rapidly changing markets make informed decisions through expert analysis and insights.
This document contains a Jeopardy-style game about various diseases including hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, STDs, tuberculosis. The game contains clues and answers about transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention of various diseases.
The document provides information about Vietnam's history, culture, cuisine, tourism industry, and accommodations. It discusses:
1. Vietnam's history from French colonial rule to the present, including major events like independence, the Vietnam War, and economic reforms.
2. Key influences on Vietnamese cuisine from China and France, and popular dishes from different regions. Cuisine is an important part of Vietnamese culture and tourism.
3. Vietnam's developing tourism industry, which attracts visitors interested in history, culture, nature and adventure. Popular destinations include Ha Long Bay, war sites, and architectural landmarks from French rule.
4. The scale and distribution of Vietnam's accommodations, initially concentrated along coastal cities
The document discusses the role of vitamin D in preventing cancer. It provides an overview of vitamin D, its functions, and how it may prevent cancer development. Studies show vitamin D supplementation reduces risks of cancers like breast, colon, and prostate by 30-50%. However, randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm potential preventative effects suggested by observational studies. Future research on vitamin D's cancer prevention properties holds promise.
High-dose vitamins drips and antioxidants have been doing the rounds for over 50 years and even pranged a few high-flyers, including two famous Nobel laureates, in the process. Professor James Watson (one of the DNA's founding fathers) and a controversial Nobel laureate stated in a peer-reviewed paper that antioxidant supplements 'may have caused more cancers than they have prevented'.High-dose vitamins drips and antioxidants have been doing the rounds for over 50 years and even pranged a few high-flyers, including two famous Nobel laureates, in the process. Professor James Watson (one of the DNA's founding fathers) and a controversial Nobel laureate stated in a peer-reviewed paper that antioxidant supplements may have caused more cancers than they have prevented'. And he was proven correct because studies have repeatedly shown that, with the possible exception of vitamin D, these supplements have negligible positive effect on healthy people, at least in terms of important things such as preventing cancer.
Vitamin D Update presented by Dustin Sulak D.O. at the Maine Osteopathic Association Midwinter Conference on February 8th, 2013. The presentation provided an overview and history of vitamin D, discussed vitamin D physiology including its activation in the body and role in the parathyroid hormone pathway. It reviewed past studies on vitamin D and various health outcomes such as heart disease, cancer, pain, and diabetes. Recent studies presented showed associations between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of cesarean section, respiratory infections, and other conditions.
Week 4 Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and DisastersPublic he.docxjane3dyson92312
Week 4: Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and Disasters
Public health threats, emergencies, and disasters are as diverse as they are devastating to a population. Infections such as pandemic influenza outbreaks cause severe illness and often death in susceptible populations like the very young or old. Disasters such as these require rapid response to vaccinate susceptible populations and educate the public on how to protect themselves from contracting the disease.
Natural disasters like tsunamis, hurricanes, sudden heavy snowstorms or blizzards, and flooding also jeopardize health. These types of disasters create environmental health concerns through the spread of toxic waste, increased water-borne infections and insect-borne disease, as well as loss of power or the inability to navigate roadways during floods or blizzards. In addition, natural disasters create environmental concerns such as low food supply, destruction of crops and livestock, and lack of clean water. Natural catastrophes like these are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as long as climate change with increasing global temperatures continues unchecked through slow reaction or frank inaction by governments.
Organizations across the globe are developing strategies for decreasing their carbon footprint in order to reduce pollution that contributes to climate change. Because no one is immune from this hazard, nurses must have a grasp of the growing concern for the impact of climate change and its associated implications for public health worldwide. It is important for nurses to learn how to increase their leadership capabilities to affect local, state, and national outcomes.
This week, you will consider the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues. Additionally, you will discuss the role of nurses in developing health promotion and health protection strategies to address global climate change health concerns.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues
Analyze the implications of global climate change on health*
*The Assignment related to this Learning Objective is introduced this week and submitted in Week 5.
Photo Credit: Photograph by Michael Rieger taken on 09/01/2005 in Louisiana - 15091. FEMA.
Learning Resources
Note:
To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the
Course Materials
section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
Holtz, C. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies
(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 14, “Global Perspectives on Nutrition” (pp. 355–384)
Chapter 16, “Global Perspectives on Environmental Health” (pp. 409–427)
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016).
Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 10, “Environmental Health” (pp. 217–241)
Public Health Nursing: Population-Cen.
1) This document discusses the increasing rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in infants and mothers internationally. Recent studies show deficiency rates as high as 80-92% in some populations.
2) The radiographic findings of congenital and nutritional rickets in young infants can be subtle but include craniotabes, metaphyseal changes in long bones, and flaring of anterior rib ends.
3) The document presents four case studies of young infants who presented with fractures and were initially suspected of abuse, but were later found to have significant vitamin D deficiency based on laboratory tests. This highlights the challenge of differentiating between abuse and nutritional rickets based on radiographic findings alone.
This document summarizes the growing issue of vitamin D deficiency (DD) in infants and children. It discusses how DD rates have risen significantly in recent decades across diverse populations. Multiple factors are contributing to the problem, including decreased food fortification of vitamin D, more sun avoidance behaviors, increased obesity rates, and longer breastfeeding durations without adequate supplementation. The document outlines how DD can manifest radiographically as softening of the skull and indistinct facial bones in young infants, as well as subtle metaphyseal changes in the long bones that could be mistaken for abuse-related fractures without consideration of the underlying DD.
This document provides an overview of public health in Oklahoma. It discusses what public health is, its core functions, important historical figures and advances, current public health problems, achievements, and essential services. It also describes factors affecting community health, responsibilities in public health, the public health workforce, Oklahoma health department structure, and public health laws.
1) Sunlight is the primary source of vitamin D for most humans as UVB rays in sunlight convert 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3 and then to vitamin D3. However, several factors influence cutaneous vitamin D production such as season, latitude, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use, and aging.
2) Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem with serious health consequences including increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infections. Maintaining vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL through moderate sun exposure and dietary/supplemental intake is important for health.
3) While sun exposure is important for vitamin D production, excessive sunlight increases
1) Sunlight is the primary source of vitamin D for most humans as UVB rays in sunlight convert 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3 and then to vitamin D3. However, several factors influence cutaneous vitamin D production such as season, latitude, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use, and aging.
2) Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem with serious health consequences including increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infections. Maintaining vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL through moderate sun exposure and dietary/supplemental intake is important for health.
3) Studies show vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent in populations such as Asian
Scotland has an extreme climate with very little sunshine compared to England. This results in low vitamin D levels among the Scottish population, as over 90% of vitamin D comes from sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D has been linked to increased risk of numerous chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Scotland like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Despite evidence that improving vitamin D status could help address Scotland's health deficit, successive reports by the Scottish government have failed to recognize low vitamin D as a risk factor. Implementing measures to increase vitamin D levels, such as supplements, food fortification, and updated sun exposure advice, could potentially achieve significant health gains in Scotland at low cost.
Alternatives to Antibiotic Use in Food Animal ProductionPewEnvironment
Stephen Jay, M.D., professor of Medicine and Public Health and past founding chair, Department of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine.
Vitamin D for Disaster Response - summaryalanroth1
- A study at Grady Memorial Hospital found that giving trauma patients high doses of vitamin D3 upon admission and daily thereafter reduced mortality close to zero, reduced infections and inflammation, and lowered costs by reducing need for ventilators, pain medication, and length of hospital stay with no adverse effects.
- An Emory University study found critical care patients given high dose vitamin D3 had significantly shorter hospital stays, with the highest dose group having a length of stay half that of the placebo group.
- Reviews of studies show low vitamin D levels prior to surgery are associated with worse surgical outcomes and raising vitamin D levels could have major benefits with minimal costs.
This document summarizes a report on Scotland's health deficit and how increasing vitamin D levels could help address it. The report finds that Scotland has lower vitamin D levels than England due to less sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D increases risk for several chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. While other factors like smoking and diet play a role, Scotland's low vitamin D levels help explain its higher rates of chronic illness compared to other countries. The report recommends increasing vitamin D through supplements, fortified foods, and updated sun exposure advice to potentially improve public health in Scotland.
Pesticide Health Risks to Children & the Unborn v2zq
Pesticide Health Risks to Children & the Unborn - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~ casle.ca
This document provides an overview of a book titled "Vitamin D3 and the Great Biology Reset" written by Prof David Coussmaker Anderson and Dr David Stuart Grimes. The book argues that vitamin D deficiency compounded the COVID-19 pandemic and that natural immunity and vitamin D have been suppressed in favor of profitable pharmaceutical interventions. It calls for restoring the central roles of vitamin D and natural immunity in order to end the exploitation of deficiency by big pharma and sound the death knell for the criminal pharmaceutical industry.
The document introduces the Pharmanex Antioxidant Laser Scanner, which provides a non-invasive assessment of a patient's antioxidant levels by scanning their hand. It claims the scanner can track improvements in antioxidant levels from diet and supplements like LifePak. The scanner's results are said to be a useful health metric for patients and doctors. Adopting the scanner and LifePak is promoted as a way for healthcare practices to improve patient outcomes and generate new revenue.
ARoth AMAA article on Vitamin D for athletesalanroth1
This article discusses the potential benefits of vitamin D for improving athletic performance. It begins by outlining sources of vitamin D and how the body metabolizes it. The article then reviews several placebo-controlled studies that found improvements in muscle strength, power, and reduced injuries among athletes supplemented with vitamin D. Deficiency is defined as a blood level below 50 ng/mL. While sun exposure can provide vitamin D, excessive unprotected sun exposure risks skin cancer. The article concludes that vitamin D supplementation depending on an individual's starting blood level could lead to improvements in athletic performance.
Vitamin D Webinar Part 2 - Vitamin D in HealthHANISH BABU
Vitamin D in Health is part 2 of 3 of the Webinar series on Vitamin D in Health and Disease by Dr Hanish Babu, MD.
2 Major Text Books, more than 250 Journal references and reference from dozens of Videos on Vitamin D from experts world over and 4 months of intensive research has gone into the preparation of these talks.
As a service to the public health, these presentations are free to use for educational purposes, with proper acknowledgements.
Dr Hanish Babu, MD, 2020
Some recent scientific studies show the unexpectedly complex medical effects of using sun screen. Carcinogenic ingredients are just one reason to study these products carefully.
The document is a research report that explores the controversy surrounding childhood vaccinations. It begins by defining vaccines and the vaccination process, describing how vaccines are developed and regulated. It then outlines the CDC's recommended vaccination schedule for children's first six years. The report examines both sides of the vaccination debate, including arguments against vaccines and the scientific community's response. It also discusses Andrew Wakefield's discredited claims linking vaccines to developmental disorders and the resulting drop in vaccination rates.
Challenged Conceptions - Environmental Chemicals & Fertility - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document outlines 15 reasons for concern about potential links between cellphone use and brain tumors. It summarizes studies that have found such links, independent of industry funding. It also describes flaws in the industry-funded Interphone study that likely underestimate the risk of brain tumors from cellphone use. These flaws include selection bias, insufficient latency time, unrealistic definitions of "regular" use, and exclusion of certain groups. The document urges considering independent research and implementing precautionary measures to reduce exposure to cellphone radiation.
This document provides information from GrassrootsHealth on vitamin D research and dosing recommendations. It includes the following:
- A summary of studies showing reductions in disease incidence as vitamin D levels increase from 25 to over 60 ng/ml. Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease showed reductions of over 30% at levels of 40 ng/ml or higher.
- Charts showing the wide range of serum vitamin D levels achieved at different daily supplemental intake amounts, based on data from over 7,000 participants. Intakes of 4000 IU/day resulted in levels from 20-120 ng/ml, demonstrating individual variability.
- Recommendations that total daily vitamin D intake of around 12,000 IU
This document summarizes epidemiological evidence that vitamin D, produced by exposure to UVB radiation, helps prevent cancer and other diseases. Ecological studies have found inverse correlations between UVB exposure and cancer rates. Cohort studies have linked higher vitamin D levels to reduced cancer risk. A randomized controlled trial found vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduced total cancer incidence. Studies also suggest vitamin D may help prevent respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Maintaining vitamin D levels through moderate sun exposure or supplementation could significantly reduce disease rates and economic burdens.
1) This document discusses the increasing rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in infants and mothers internationally. Recent studies show deficiency rates as high as 80-92% in some populations.
2) The radiographic findings of congenital and nutritional rickets in young infants can be subtle but include craniotabes, metaphyseal changes in long bones, and flaring of anterior rib ends.
3) The document presents four case studies of young infants who presented with fractures and were initially suspected of abuse, but were later found to have significant vitamin D deficiency based on laboratory tests. This highlights the challenge of differentiating between abuse and nutritional rickets based on radiographic findings alone.
This document summarizes the growing issue of vitamin D deficiency (DD) in infants and children. It discusses how DD rates have risen significantly in recent decades across diverse populations. Multiple factors are contributing to the problem, including decreased food fortification of vitamin D, more sun avoidance behaviors, increased obesity rates, and longer breastfeeding durations without adequate supplementation. The document outlines how DD can manifest radiographically as softening of the skull and indistinct facial bones in young infants, as well as subtle metaphyseal changes in the long bones that could be mistaken for abuse-related fractures without consideration of the underlying DD.
This document provides an overview of public health in Oklahoma. It discusses what public health is, its core functions, important historical figures and advances, current public health problems, achievements, and essential services. It also describes factors affecting community health, responsibilities in public health, the public health workforce, Oklahoma health department structure, and public health laws.
1) Sunlight is the primary source of vitamin D for most humans as UVB rays in sunlight convert 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3 and then to vitamin D3. However, several factors influence cutaneous vitamin D production such as season, latitude, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use, and aging.
2) Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem with serious health consequences including increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infections. Maintaining vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL through moderate sun exposure and dietary/supplemental intake is important for health.
3) While sun exposure is important for vitamin D production, excessive sunlight increases
1) Sunlight is the primary source of vitamin D for most humans as UVB rays in sunlight convert 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3 and then to vitamin D3. However, several factors influence cutaneous vitamin D production such as season, latitude, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use, and aging.
2) Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem with serious health consequences including increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infections. Maintaining vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL through moderate sun exposure and dietary/supplemental intake is important for health.
3) Studies show vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent in populations such as Asian
Scotland has an extreme climate with very little sunshine compared to England. This results in low vitamin D levels among the Scottish population, as over 90% of vitamin D comes from sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D has been linked to increased risk of numerous chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Scotland like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Despite evidence that improving vitamin D status could help address Scotland's health deficit, successive reports by the Scottish government have failed to recognize low vitamin D as a risk factor. Implementing measures to increase vitamin D levels, such as supplements, food fortification, and updated sun exposure advice, could potentially achieve significant health gains in Scotland at low cost.
Alternatives to Antibiotic Use in Food Animal ProductionPewEnvironment
Stephen Jay, M.D., professor of Medicine and Public Health and past founding chair, Department of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine.
Vitamin D for Disaster Response - summaryalanroth1
- A study at Grady Memorial Hospital found that giving trauma patients high doses of vitamin D3 upon admission and daily thereafter reduced mortality close to zero, reduced infections and inflammation, and lowered costs by reducing need for ventilators, pain medication, and length of hospital stay with no adverse effects.
- An Emory University study found critical care patients given high dose vitamin D3 had significantly shorter hospital stays, with the highest dose group having a length of stay half that of the placebo group.
- Reviews of studies show low vitamin D levels prior to surgery are associated with worse surgical outcomes and raising vitamin D levels could have major benefits with minimal costs.
This document summarizes a report on Scotland's health deficit and how increasing vitamin D levels could help address it. The report finds that Scotland has lower vitamin D levels than England due to less sun exposure. Insufficient vitamin D increases risk for several chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. While other factors like smoking and diet play a role, Scotland's low vitamin D levels help explain its higher rates of chronic illness compared to other countries. The report recommends increasing vitamin D through supplements, fortified foods, and updated sun exposure advice to potentially improve public health in Scotland.
Pesticide Health Risks to Children & the Unborn v2zq
Pesticide Health Risks to Children & the Unborn - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~ casle.ca
This document provides an overview of a book titled "Vitamin D3 and the Great Biology Reset" written by Prof David Coussmaker Anderson and Dr David Stuart Grimes. The book argues that vitamin D deficiency compounded the COVID-19 pandemic and that natural immunity and vitamin D have been suppressed in favor of profitable pharmaceutical interventions. It calls for restoring the central roles of vitamin D and natural immunity in order to end the exploitation of deficiency by big pharma and sound the death knell for the criminal pharmaceutical industry.
The document introduces the Pharmanex Antioxidant Laser Scanner, which provides a non-invasive assessment of a patient's antioxidant levels by scanning their hand. It claims the scanner can track improvements in antioxidant levels from diet and supplements like LifePak. The scanner's results are said to be a useful health metric for patients and doctors. Adopting the scanner and LifePak is promoted as a way for healthcare practices to improve patient outcomes and generate new revenue.
ARoth AMAA article on Vitamin D for athletesalanroth1
This article discusses the potential benefits of vitamin D for improving athletic performance. It begins by outlining sources of vitamin D and how the body metabolizes it. The article then reviews several placebo-controlled studies that found improvements in muscle strength, power, and reduced injuries among athletes supplemented with vitamin D. Deficiency is defined as a blood level below 50 ng/mL. While sun exposure can provide vitamin D, excessive unprotected sun exposure risks skin cancer. The article concludes that vitamin D supplementation depending on an individual's starting blood level could lead to improvements in athletic performance.
Vitamin D Webinar Part 2 - Vitamin D in HealthHANISH BABU
Vitamin D in Health is part 2 of 3 of the Webinar series on Vitamin D in Health and Disease by Dr Hanish Babu, MD.
2 Major Text Books, more than 250 Journal references and reference from dozens of Videos on Vitamin D from experts world over and 4 months of intensive research has gone into the preparation of these talks.
As a service to the public health, these presentations are free to use for educational purposes, with proper acknowledgements.
Dr Hanish Babu, MD, 2020
Some recent scientific studies show the unexpectedly complex medical effects of using sun screen. Carcinogenic ingredients are just one reason to study these products carefully.
The document is a research report that explores the controversy surrounding childhood vaccinations. It begins by defining vaccines and the vaccination process, describing how vaccines are developed and regulated. It then outlines the CDC's recommended vaccination schedule for children's first six years. The report examines both sides of the vaccination debate, including arguments against vaccines and the scientific community's response. It also discusses Andrew Wakefield's discredited claims linking vaccines to developmental disorders and the resulting drop in vaccination rates.
Challenged Conceptions - Environmental Chemicals & Fertility - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document outlines 15 reasons for concern about potential links between cellphone use and brain tumors. It summarizes studies that have found such links, independent of industry funding. It also describes flaws in the industry-funded Interphone study that likely underestimate the risk of brain tumors from cellphone use. These flaws include selection bias, insufficient latency time, unrealistic definitions of "regular" use, and exclusion of certain groups. The document urges considering independent research and implementing precautionary measures to reduce exposure to cellphone radiation.
This document provides information from GrassrootsHealth on vitamin D research and dosing recommendations. It includes the following:
- A summary of studies showing reductions in disease incidence as vitamin D levels increase from 25 to over 60 ng/ml. Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease showed reductions of over 30% at levels of 40 ng/ml or higher.
- Charts showing the wide range of serum vitamin D levels achieved at different daily supplemental intake amounts, based on data from over 7,000 participants. Intakes of 4000 IU/day resulted in levels from 20-120 ng/ml, demonstrating individual variability.
- Recommendations that total daily vitamin D intake of around 12,000 IU
This document summarizes epidemiological evidence that vitamin D, produced by exposure to UVB radiation, helps prevent cancer and other diseases. Ecological studies have found inverse correlations between UVB exposure and cancer rates. Cohort studies have linked higher vitamin D levels to reduced cancer risk. A randomized controlled trial found vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduced total cancer incidence. Studies also suggest vitamin D may help prevent respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Maintaining vitamin D levels through moderate sun exposure or supplementation could significantly reduce disease rates and economic burdens.
Thesen zu Sonne, Solarien, UV-Strahlen, Vitamin D und Gesundheit. Stellungnahme des Photomed-Verbands bei Anhörung zum "Solariengesetz" im Bundesumweltministerium BMU
Wenn die künstliche Besonnung mit all den wissenschaftlich nachgewiesenen Vorteilen für Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden nach Jahren im kommunikativen Tiefschlaf eine Chance zurückgewinnen will, sich in der Öffentlichkeit als Vertreter einer verantwortungsvollen, auf Qualität setzenden Branche zu positionieren, müssen alle Betreiber von Qualitätsstudios sich an dieser Anstrengung beteiligen. Zentrale Vorlagen müssen dezentral umgesetzt werden.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
2 Grant Vitamin D Starter Kit
1. June 23, 2008
8:30 p.m.
Vitamin D Starter Kit
William B. Grant, Ph.D.
Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC)
P.O. Box 641603
San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
wbgrant@infionline.net
Skype: wbgrant1
(SUNARC is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization doing research and education in the
public interest)
Introduction
The health benefits of UVB and vitamin D include reduced risk for fractures, cancer,
infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases,
congestive heart failure, periodontal disease, etc. The scientific consensus is that about
4000 International Units (IU) of vitamin D3/day are required for optimal health. Skin
production of vitamin D3, stimulated by solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) provides most of the
vitamin D for the majority of Americans. For young, lightly-pigmented individuals, a
few minutes of mid-day solar UVB in summer can produce about 1000 IU for each 10%
of the body exposed. Wearing sunscreen blocks vitamin D production, and going out
when the sun is low in the horizon, such as morning and afternoon and winter, is not
conducive to vitamin D production. The average American obtains 250-300 IU/day from
fortified food and fish. Thus, most Americans do not get enough vitamin D.
For those who would like to learn more about the health effects of vitamin D, I’ve
assembled comprehensive information, including the following: web sites, presentations,
books, journal papers, practical matters, the Vitamin D Scientists’ Call to Action
Statement, and the abstract of my latest vitamin D manuscript. I would be happy to
provide more information upon request.
Useful web sites:
My own: www.sunarc.org
John Cannell, MD, California: http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/
He also has a monthly newsletter, to which you can subscribe.
Michael F. Holick, MD, Ph.D., Boston University
http://www.uvadvantage.org/
The UV Foundation
http://www.uvfoundation.org/
Carole Baggerly, California
1
2. http://www.grassrootshealth.org/
Ashton Embry, DIet REsearch into the Cause and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
http://www.direct-ms.org/index.html
Susan Brown, Osteoporosis Education Project
http://www.betterbones.com/
James E. Dowd, MD, Michigan:
www.thevitamindcure.com
Krispin Sullivan, California:
http://www.sunlightandvitamind.com/
Oliver Gillie, Ph.D., London:
http://www.healthresearchforum.org.uk/
UC-Riverside, About vitamin D
http://vitaminD.ucr.edu/about.html
Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D
Office of Dietary Supplements • National Institutes of Health
http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Medline Plus (seems to be the same as at the ODS)
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-vitamind.html
Vitamin D - MayoClinic.com
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-d/NS_patient-vitamind
World's Healthiest Foods
http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=110
Vitamin D at WisdomCard™
http://organizedwisdom.com/Vitamin_D
U.S. Atlas of Cancer Mortality
http://www3.cancer.gov/atlasplus/
DNA-weighted UVB spectral exposure for July 1992 developed using data from NASA’s
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/ery_uv/dna_exp.gif
U.S. Department of Agriculture Ultraviolet Monitoring and Research Program
http://uvb.nrel.colostate.edu/UVB/home_page.html
2
3. Vitamin D, Merck
http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch154/ch154j.html
Presentations
The Vitamin D Pandemic and its Health Consequences
Presented by Michael Holick, PhD, MD, Professor of medicine, physiology and
biophysics and director of the General Clinical Research Center at Boston University
Medical Center
Keynote address at the opening ceremony of the 34th European Symposium on Calcified
Tissues, Copenhagen 5 May, 2007
http://www.uvadvantage.org/portals/0/pres/
(Michael’s presentations are always entertaining and full of useful information)
Diagnosis & Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency
Wednesday, April 9, 2008 * 12:30pm - 6:00pm
Garren Auditorium, University of California, San Diego
Grant, Hollis, Heaney, Garland
http://www.grassrootshealth.org/seminar_presentations.htm
Reinhold Vieth
http://www.direct-ms.org/presentations.html
Vitamin D Scientists’ Call to Action Statement
http://www.grassrootshealth.org/_download/scientists%27%20letter%20050508.pdf
This statement was used as the basis of a resolution passed by the American Medical
Association on June 15, 2008. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/18693.html
Useful books:
Solar Power for Optimal Health, by Marc Sorenson, 2006. Available through
Amazon.com. A new edition is expected by August 2008. I contributed to the
production of this book. Contact me regarding bulk sales at a discount.
The Vitamin D Cure, by James E. Dowd and Diane Stafford, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
Naked at Noon, Understanding Sunlight and Vitamin D, Krispin Sullivan, available
through her web site, http://www.sunlightandvitamind.com/
Sunlight Robbery, Oliver Gillie, available through his web site:
http://www.healthresearchforum.org.uk/sunlight.html
The UV Advantage. Michael F. Holick, Mark Jenkins. iBooks. 2003.
Journal papers.
3
4. Here are a few of the most important papers on vitamin D. Abstracts of these papers can
be obtained through www.pubmed.gov. Insert the first few words of the reference
including the authors’ names, a couple of words from the title, and the year (less will also
work). Some of the papers can be freely downloaded through links at PubMed (given
here for many of them). For most other papers, the authors can be contacted and will
generally send the requested paper as an attached PDF. Additional papers can be found
through use of key words, author’s names (as in Einstein A) or hitting the “related
articles” button.
Reviews
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B.
Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health
outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):18-28. Review.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/84/1/18
Cannell J, Hollis B, Zasloff M, Heaney R. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D
deficiency. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jan;9(1):107-118.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW. Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Altern Med Rev. 2008
Mar;13(1):6-20.
http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/1/6.pdf
DeLuca HF. The vitamin D story: a collaborative effort of basic science and clinical
medicine. FASEB J. 1988 Mar 1;2(3):224-36. Review.
http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/reprint/2/3/224
Grant WB, Garland CF, Holick, MF. Comparisons of estimated economic burdens due to
insufficient solar ultraviolet irradiance and vitamin D and excess solar UV irradiance for
the United States. Photochem Photobiol. 2005;81:1276-86.
Grant WB, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a
review. Altern Med Rev. 2005 Jun;10(2):94-111.
http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/10/2/94.pdf
Holick MF. High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo
Clin Proc. 2006 Mar;81(3):353-73.
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 19;357(3):266-81.
content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/357/3/266
Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. The evolution of human skin coloration. J Hum Evol. 2000
Jul;39(1):57-106.
Lips P. Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):4-8.
4
5. Lucas RM, McMichael AJ, Armstrong BK, Smith WT. Estimating the global disease
burden due to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Int J Epidemiol. 2008 Jun;37(3):654-67.
Martins e Silva J. [Brief history of rickets and of the discovery of vitamin D] Acta
Reumatol Port. 2007 Jul-Sep;32(3):205-29. Portuguese. (very interesting with some text
in English)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17940496?ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PE
ntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
Norman AW. Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy
receptor. Endocrinology. 2006 Dec;147(12):5542-8.
http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/147/12/5542
Rajakumar K, Thomas SB. Reemerging nutritional rickets: a historical perspective. Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Apr;159(4):335-41.
http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/159/4/335
Schwalfenberg, G., Not enough vitamin D: health consequences for Canadians. Can Fam
Physician, 2007. 53(5): p. 841-54.
Fractures
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Giovannucci E, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes
B. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. JAMA. 2005 May 11;293(18):2257-64.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Burckhardt P, Li R, Spiegelman D,
Specker B, Orav JE, Wong JB, Staehelin HB, O'Reilly E, Kiel DP, Willett WC. Calcium
intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort
studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1780-90.
Brown SE. Vitamin D and fracture reduction: an evaluation of the existing research.
Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):21-33.
http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/1/21.pdf
Cancer
Abbas S, Linseisen J, Slanger T, Kropp S, Mutschelknauss EJ, Flesch-Janys D, Chang-
Claude J. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer--results
of a large case-control study. Carcinogenesis. 2008 Jan;29(1):93-9.
Boscoe FP, Schymura MJ. Solar ultraviolet-B exposure and cancer incidence and
mortality in the United States, 1993-2002. BMC Cancer. 2006 Nov 10;6:264.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/6/264
Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Mohr SB, Holick MF.
The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention. Am J Public Health. 2006 Feb;96(2):252-61.
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/96/2/252
5
6. Garland CF, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Garland FC. What is the dose-response
relationship between vitamin D and cancer risk? Nutr Rev. 2007 Aug;65(8 Pt 2):S91-5.
Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS. Stampfer MJ, Willett WH.
Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in
men. JNCI 2006; 98:451-9.
http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/98/7/451
Grant WB, Garland CF. The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) with reducing risk
of cancer: multifactorial ecologic analysis of geographic variation in age-adjusted cancer
mortality rates. Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4A):2687-99.
Ingraham BA, Bragdon B, Nohe A. Molecular basis of the potential of vitamin D to
prevent cancer. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24:139-49.
John EM, Koo J, Schwartz GG. Sun Exposure and Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence for a
Protective Effect of Early-Life Exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16
1283-1286.
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/6/1283
Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP. Vitamin D and
calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1586-91.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556697?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pub
med_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
Moan J, Porojnicu AC, Dahlback A, Setlow RB. Addressing the health benefits and risks,
involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A. 2008 Jan 15;105(2):668-73.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/105/2/668
Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Kana Wu, Feskanich D, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS.
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in patients with colorectal cancer J
Clin Oncol. Jun 20 2008: 2984–2991.
Nürnberg B, Schadendorf D, Gärtner B, Pföhler C, Herrmann W, Tilgen W, Reichrath
J. Progression of malignant melanoma is associated with reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D
serum levels. Exp Dermatol. 2008 Jul;17(7):627.
Pilz S, Dobnig H, Winklhofer-Roob B, Riedmüller G, Fischer JE, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz
B, Boehm BO, März W. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d predict fatal cancer in
patients referred to coronary angiography. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008
May;17(5):1228-33.
6
7. Porojnicu AC, Dahlback A, Moan J. Sun exposure and cancer survival in Norway:
changes in the risk of death with season of diagnosis and latitude. Adv Exp Med Biol.
2008;624:43-54.
Reichrath J, Nürnberg B. Solar UV-radiation, vitamin D and skin cancer surveillance in
organ transplant recipients (OTRs). Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;624:203-14. Review.
Infectious diseases
Adams JS, Hewison M. Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the
regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008
Feb;4(2):80-90.
Aloia JF, Li-Ng M. Re: epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect. 2007
Oct;135(7):1095-6; author reply 1097-8.
Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Umhau JC, Holick MF, Grant WB, Madronich S, Garland CF,
Giovannucci E. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect. 2006
Dec;134(6):1129-40.
Cannell JJ, Zasloff M, Garland CF, Scragg R, Giovannucci E. On the epidemiology of
influenza. Virol J. 2008 Feb 25;5:29.
http://www.virologyj.com/content/pdf/1743-422X-5-29.pdf
Liu PT, Stenger S, Tang DH, Modlin RL. Cutting edge: vitamin D-mediated human
antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction
of cathelicidin. J Immunol. 2007 Aug 15;179(4):2060-3.
Mookherjee N, Rehaume LM, Hancock RE. Cathelicidins and functional analogues as
antisepsis molecules. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 Aug;11(8):993-1004. Review.
Autoimmune diseases
Ascherio A, Munger KL. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II:
Noninfectious factors. Ann Neurol. 2007 Jun;61(6):504-13.
Cantorna MT, Mahon BD. Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor
affecting autoimmune disease prevalence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004
Dec;229(11):1136-42. Review.
http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/reprint/229/11/1136
Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA. 2006 Dec 20;296(23):2832-8.
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/296/23/2832
Cardiovascular disease
Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, Kinkeldei J, Boehm
BO, Weihrauch G, Maerz W. Independent Association of Low Serum 25-
7
8. Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels With All-Cause and
Cardiovascular Mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(12):1340-1349.
Forman JP, Giovannucci E, Holmes MD, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Tworoger SS, Willett
WC, Curhan GC. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension.
Hypertension. 2007 May;49(5):1063-9.
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/49/5/1063
Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of
myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun
9;168(11):1174-80.
Martins D, Wolf M, Pan D, Zadshir A, Tareen N, Thadhani R, Felsenfeld A, Levine B,
Mehrotra R, Norris K. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of
25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jun 11;167(11):1159-65.
http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/167/11/1159
Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Clin
Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Jan;11(1):7-12.
Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, Benjamin EJ,
D'Agostino RB, Wolf M, Vasan RS. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular
disease. Circulation. 2008 Jan 29;117(4):503-11.
Diabetes
Knekt P, Laaksonen M, Mattila C, Härkänen T, Marniemi J, Heliövaara M, Rissanen H,
Montonen J, Reunanen A. Serum Vitamin D and Subsequent Occurrence of Type 2
Diabetes. Epidemiology. 2008 May 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2
diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007
Jun;92(6):2017-29.
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/92/6/2017
Congestive heart failure
Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Götting C, Dronow O, Fuchs U, Kuhn J, Kleesiek K,
Tenderich G, Koerfer R. Poor outcome in end-stage heart failure patients with low
circulating calcitriol levels. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Mar;10(3):321-7.
Periodontal disease and dental caries
Dale BA, Fredericks LP. Antimicrobial peptides in the oral environment: expression and
function in health and disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2005 Jul;7(2):119-33.
http://www.horizonpress.com/cimb/v/v7/09.pdf
8
9. Dietrich T, Joshipura KJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Association between
serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and periodontal disease in the US
population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):108-13.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/80/1/108
Dietrich T, Nunn M, Dawson-Hughes B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Association between
serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and gingival inflammation. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):575-80.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/82/3/575
East BR. Mean Annual Hours of Sunshine and the Incidence of Dental Caries. Am J
Public Health Nations Health. 1939 Jul;29(7):777-80.
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/29/7/777
The brain
McCann JC, Ames BN. Is there convincing biological or behavioral evidence linking
vitamin D deficiency to brain dysfunction? FASEB J. 2008 Apr;22(4):982-1001.
The skin
Reichrath J. Vitamin D and the skin: an ancient friend, revisited. Exp Dermatol. 2007
Jul;16(7):618-25.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00570.x?cookieSet=1
Life expectancy
Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D Supplementation and Total Mortality: A Meta-analysis of
Randomized Controlled Trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Sep 10;167(16):1730-7.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at the population level
Binkley N, Novotny R, Krueger D, Kawahara T, Daida YG, Lensmeyer G, Hollis BW,
Drezner MK. Low vitamin D status despite abundant sun exposure. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2130-5.
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/92/6/2130
Nesby-O'Dell S, Scanlon KS, Cogswell ME, Gillespie C, Hollis BW, Looker AC, Allen
C, Doughertly C, Gunter EW, Bowman BA. Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and
determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002
Jul;76(1):187-92.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/76/1/187
Rovner AJ, O'Brien KO. Hypovitaminosis D among healthy children in the United
States: a review of the current evidence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008
Jun;162(6):513-9.
http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/162/6/513
Vitamin D doses, requirements and considerations
9
10. Aloia JF, Patel M, Dimaano R, Li-Ng M, Talwar SA, Mikhail M, Pollack S, Yeh JK.
Vitamin D intake to attain a desired serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Am J
Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1952-8.
Hathcock JN, Shao A, Vieth R, Heaney R. Risk assessment for vitamin D. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):6-18. Review.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/85/1/6
Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum 25-
hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):204-10.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/77/1/204
Hollis BW. Vitamin D requirement during pregnancy and lactation. J Bone Miner Res.
2007 Dec;22 Suppl 2:V39-44. Review.
Vieth R, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Boucher BJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Garland CF, Heaney RP,
Holick MF, Hollis BW, Lamberg-Allardt C, McGrath JJ, Norman AW, Scragg R,
Whiting SJ, Willett WC, Zittermann A. The urgent need to recommend an intake of
vitamin D that is effective. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;85(3):649-50.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/85/3/649
Vitamin D and dark skin
Egan KM, Signorello LB, Munro HM, Hargreaves MK, Hollis BW, Blot WJ. Vitamin D
insufficiency among African-Americans in the southeastern United States: implications
for cancer disparities (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Jun;19(5):527-35.
Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Willett WC. Cancer incidence and mortality and vitamin D in
black and white male health professionals. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006
Dec;15(12):2467-72.
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/15/12/2467
Grant WB. Lower vitamin-D production from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance may explain
some differences in cancer survival rates. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006 Mar;98(3):357-64.
Practical matters
Sources of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
http://www.bio-tech-pharm.com/
https://secure.bio-tech-pharm.com/catalog.aspx?cat_id=2
http://www.vitamin-d-max.com/
http://www.carlsonlabs.com/product_detail.phtml?prodid=10001068
http://www.lsgvitd.naturemade.com/naturemade/vitamind.aspx
10
11. http://www.vitd3.com/
http://www.carlsonlabs.com/product_detail.phtml?prodid=10001068
Since the half-life of vitamin D3 in the body is 4-6 weeks, one can take one 50,000 IU
tablet every two weeks to obtain 3570 IU/day, which is what Robert Heaney estimates
that the body can use. However, most people get some vitamin D from solar UVB and
diet, so 3000 IU/day from supplements would be about right (once every 17 days, say 3
weeks for round numbers). Of course this varies with body size, and if one is also
obtaining vitamin D from other sources, the tablet could be taken less often. Each 1000
IU/day raises serum calcidiol by 10 ng/mL in the average person.
While the jury is still out, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is generally preferred to vitamin
D2 (ergocalciferol). D3 is made from UVB-irradiated lanolin from sheep’s wool, while
D2 is made from plants such as yeast, and is also found in some mushrooms.
One might consider testing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) levels to make sure
they are not too low or too high. Vitamin D made in the skin or obtained orally is
converted into calcidiol in the liver. This is the circulating form of vitamin D. Levels
should be above 40 ng/mL (100 nmol/L) for optimal health but below 150 ng/mL. The
mean value in the U.S. is between 25 and 30 ng/mL, so most people have values below
optimal. The kidney and other organs convert calcidiol to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
(calcitriol). Calcitriol need not be measured in general. Costs for calcidiol testing can
vary: I was recently quoted $200 in one lab. However, Quest Diagnostics should do it for
much less: http://www.questdiagnostics.com/
My recent work
I have been working on understanding the health benefits of solar ultraviolet-B irradiance
and vitamin D since 2000. I’ve published a number of papers on the topic (see list at
www.pubmed.gov, search Grant WB).
Here is the abstract of my latest manuscript, to be submitted shortly:
An estimation of premature deaths and the economic burden of vitamin D deficiency in
the United States
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased risk for a growing number of diseases.
This study estimates the reductions in deaths and economic burden if all those living in
the United States increased their production or intake of vitamin D3 by 1000-2000
International Units (IU) per day. The elements of this study include: 1 – determining the
population distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol); 2 – determining which
diseases can be reduced through increased vitamin D intake; 3 - determining the vitamin
D dose/disease incidence reduction relations; 4 – determining the total (direct plus
11
12. indirect) dollar costs associated with each disease; 5 - combining the knowledge of these
elements into reductions in deaths and economic burden. Much of the data used was
obtained through searching PubMed. The diseases included in this study are fractures,
cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertensive disease, diabetes mellitus,
congestive heart failure, influenza, pneumonia, non-influenza respiratory diseases,
septicemia, multiple sclerosis, periodontal disease, COPD, and asthma. Since the dose-
response relations have often been reported based on observational studies, with only a
few randomized controlled studies available, judgments were made on the strength of the
evidence of the benefit of vitamin D. The estimated fraction of disease burden that could
be reduced by increasing serum calcidiol levels by 10-20 ng/mL was generally between
0.1 and 0.25. The estimated reduction in deaths was 358 thousand (14% of all deaths);
the reduction in economic burden was estimated at $181 billion. If vitamin D were
provided in the form of supplements, the total cost of providing the supplements and
administrating the program should cost less than $10 billion. While these estimates are
preliminary, they indicate that considerable improvements in health could be achieved
inexpensively and efficiently in the United States.
12