book

1. organizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedroveorganizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedrove
gamovlinebebis kriminalizaciisa dagamovlinebebis kriminalizaciisa da
samarTalSefardebis problemebisamarTalSefardebis problemebi
qarTul sisxlis samarTalSiqarTul sisxlis samarTalSi
organizebulidanaSaulisTanamedrovegamovlinebebiskriminalizaciisadaorganizebulidanaSaulisTanamedrovegamovlinebebiskriminalizaciisada
samarTalSefardebisproblemebiqarTulsisxlissamarTalSisamarTalSefardebisproblemebiqarTulsisxlissamarTalSi

2. organizebuli danaSaulis
Tanamedrove gamovlinebebis
kriminalizaciisa da
samarTalSefardebis problemebi
qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi
Tbilisi
2012

3. SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondi
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis
erovnuli samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT.
winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosaz-
reba ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes fondis
Sexedulebebs.
This project has been made possible by financial support from the Shota
Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant # 254_08_2-180). All
ideas expressed herewith are those of the author, and may not represent
the opinion of the Foundation itself~.
.
www.rustaveli.org.ge
ufaso gamocema

4. warmodgenili proeqtis avtorebisTvis Zneli dasajer-
ebeli iyo, rom winamdebare wignis gamocema revaz gog-
SeliZis gareSe moxdeboda, magram es samwuxaro realobaa,
romelsac Tvali unda gavusworoT. visac masTan Sex-
eba hqonia dagveTanxmeba, rom is iyo amouwuravi ideebis,
wamowyebebis generatori da arafers iSurebda imisTvis,
rasac pedagogika da samecniero saqmianoba hqvia. igi am
wignze muSaobasac Cveuli enTuziazmiT Seudga. Ddidi in-
teresiT gaecno sakvlevi problemis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
praqtikas, specialur literaturas, magram misi Teoriul
naSromad qceva veRar moaswro.
xanmokle sicocxlis miuxedavad, man mainc SeZlo Tavisi
mokrZalebuli sityva eTqva iurisprudenciaSi: wignad
gamosca sadisertacio naSromi, TanaavtorobiT Seqmna
saxelmZRvaneloebi kriminalistikasa da sisxlis samarT-
lis procesSi, Tumca ganuxorcielebeli darCa araerTi
Canafiqri, idea, Tu proeqti.
batoni rezo gogSeliZis naSromi mocemul wignSi kidev
erTxel gaaxsnebs mkiTxvels am marTlac WeSmarit peda-
gogs, mecniers da patriot adamians.

5. proeqtis monawileebi:
guram naWyebia – iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori,
proeqtis samecniero xelmZRvaneli
giorgi goraSvili – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero
proeqtis menejeri
goCa mamulaSvili – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero
proeqtis monawile
nona Todua – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero proeq-
tis monawile
revaz gogSeliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero
proeqtis monawile †
daviT sulaqveliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero
proeqtis monawile
irakli dvaliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero
proeqtis monawile

6. 5
redaqtorisganredaqtorisgan
winamdebare naSromi, romelic organizebuli danaSau-
lis cnebis, kriminalizaciisa da am danaSaulis mimarT
kanonSefardebiTi praqtikis analizis problemebs eZ-
Rvneba, miznad isaxavs, daexmaros qarTul saxelmwifos
am tipis danaSaulisa da misi gamovlenis konkretuli
formebis winaaRmdeg brZolis keTilSobilur saqmeSi.
miT ufro, rom organizebuli danaSauloba msoflios
TiTqmis yvela wamyvani saxelmwifos erovnul trage-
dias warmoadgens, xolo maTi mecnieruli Seswavla
dRemde problemuria.
saqarTveloSi xsenebuli problemebis kvlevam aCvena,
rom qarTulma saxelmwifom organizebuli danaSau-
lobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mtkice politikuri neba
gamoavlina (gansakuTrebiT _ qurduli mentalitetis
winaaRmdeg), ris Sedegadac TiTqmis moispo korufcia,
rogorc organizebuli danaSaulisa da misi gamovle-
nis konkretuli formebis upirvelesi mkvebavi wyaro,
xolo organizebuli danaSauloba arsebiTad Semcirda
da mcirdeba. Mmiuxedavad amisa, organizebuli danaSau-
lis winaaRmdeg brZola mainc aqtualuria.
naSromSi gamokveTilia organizebuli danaSaulis
cnebisa da misi gamovlenis konkretuli formebis
Tanafardobis meTodologiuri aspeqtebi, Seswavlilia
am mimarTebiT saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis ga-
mocdileba, gamovlenilia trefikingis, fulis gaTeT-
rebis, qurduli samyarosa da e. w. kanonieri qurdobis
Taviseburebani, dasmuli da Taviseburadaa gadaWrili
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis problema.

7. 6
xsenebul naSromSi gamoTqmuli meTodologiuri,
Teoriuli da praqtikuli xasiaTis mosazrebani da
rekomendaciebi, agreTve SeniSvnebi (moqmedi kanonmde-
blobisa da am saqmeebze sasamarTlo praqtikis gaum-
jobesebis mizniT) xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi jer
kidev SemorCenili organizebuli danaSaulisa da misi
gamovlenis konkretuli formebis winaaRmdeg efeqtian
brZolas.
amasTan, mkiTxveli advilad darwmundeba, rom naSromSi
dasmuli problemebis umravlesoba Semdgom gaRrmave-
bul kvlevas moiTxovs.
guram naWyebiaguram naWyebia
iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori

8. 7
Sinaarsi
winasityvaobawinasityvaoba.............................................................................................................................. 1515
pirveli karipirveli kari
organizebuli danaSaulisTvisorganizebuli danaSaulisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobissisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvlebisafuZvlebi
Tavi ITavi I organizebuli danaSaulisTvisorganizebuli danaSaulisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobissisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebis zogadTeoriuli safuZvlebidakisrebis zogadTeoriuli safuZvlebi ...................... 2121
§ 1. pasuxismgebloba organizebuli§ 1. pasuxismgebloba organizebuli
danaSaulisTvisdanaSaulisTvis .................................................................................................................... 2121
§ 3. danaSaulSi `aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis~§ 3. danaSaulSi `aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis~
cneba da organizebuli danaSaulis bunebiscneba da organizebuli danaSaulis bunebis
problemaproblema ............................................................................................................................................ 4040
§ 4. qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba§ 4. qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba
da organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebisda organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
kriminalizaciis problemakriminalizaciis problema .......................................................................... 4242
§O 5. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri§O 5. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri
daxasiaTebis cdebi saqarTveloSidaxasiaTebis cdebi saqarTveloSi ............................................ 4545
§ 6. organizebuli danaSaulis problema
sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiris miwurulskavSiris miwuruls ...................................................................... 4848
§ 7. organizebuli danaSaulis problema
postsabWour sivrceSipostsabWour sivrceSi ........................................................................................ 6060
§ 8. organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli§ 8. organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli
analizianalizi .................................................................................................................................................. 7070
§ 9. organizebuli danaSaulis sisxlissamarT-§ 9. organizebuli danaSaulis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi aspeqtebilebrivi aspeqtebi .......................................................................................................... 7878
§ 10. organizebuli danaSauli da danaSaulSi§ 10. organizebuli danaSauli da danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis problemaTanamonawileobis problema .................................................................... 8484
§ 11. sistemuri kvlevis meTodologia da
organizebuli danaSaulis problemaorganizebuli danaSaulis problema...................................... 9393
Tavi IITavi II gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia (Joint Criminal Enterprise)
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi......................................103103

9. 8
§ 2. meTaurTa pasuxismgebloba saerTaSoriso§ 2. meTaurTa pasuxismgebloba saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTalSisisxlis samarTalSi..................................................................................................119119
§3.Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis§3.Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis
mimarTeba gaerTianebul danaSaulebrivmimarTeba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizaciasTanorganizaciasTan (Joint Criminal Enterprise)
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo
precedentebis mixedviTprecedentebis mixedviT ..............................................................................123123
3.1 anamonawileoba inglisur sisxlis3.1 anamonawileoba inglisur sisxlis
samarTalSisamarTalSi..................................................................................................................................165165
3.2 anglo-amerikuli kanonis warmoSoba3.2 anglo-amerikuli kanonis warmoSoba ...................... 176176
3.3 Tanamonawileoba romanul-germanuli3.3 Tanamonawileoba romanul-germanuli
samarTalis mixedviTsamarTalis mixedviT.............................................................................................. 178178
3.4 SeTqmuleba3.4 SeTqmuleba......................................................................................................................181181
§4. sami kategoriis gaerTianebuli§4. sami kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciadanaSaulebrivi organizacia (Joint Criminal
Enterprise) yofili iugoslaviis sisxlisyofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlossamarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
mixedviTmixedviT......................................................................................................................................................187187
§ 5. winawarganWvretadobis problema§ 5. winawarganWvretadobis problema................................216216
§ 6. gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia§ 6. gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlossisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
romis wesdebis mixedviTromis wesdebis mixedviT ................................................................................219219
meore karimeore kari
trefikingis sisxlissamarTlebrivi,trefikingis sisxlissamarTlebrivi,
kriminologiuri da sasamarTlokriminologiuri da sasamarTlo
praqtikuli analizipraqtikuli analizi
Tavi ITavi I adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
meTodologiuri sakiTxebi......................................................................241241
SesavaliSesavali ......................................................................................................................................................241241
§1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) mizezebi da§1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) mizezebi da
xelSemwyobi pirobebixelSemwyobi pirobebi ..........................................................................................243243
§ 2§ 2.. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
SedegebiSedegebi..............................................................................................................................................254254

10. 9
§3. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Cadenis§3. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Cadenis
TaviseburebaniTaviseburebani....................................................................................................................255255
§4. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)§4. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
filosofiuri aspeqtebifilosofiuri aspeqtebi ................................................................................261261
Tavi IITavi II adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sisxlissamarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba da
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi....................................................277277
§1.§1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sisxlissamarTlebrivi daxasiaTebasisxlissamarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba ..............................277277
§ 2.§ 2. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizisasamarTlo praqtikis analizi
(nawili pirveli)(nawili pirveli)......................................................................................................300300
§ 3.§ 3. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizisasamarTlo praqtikis analizi
(nawili meore)(nawili meore)................................................................................................................359359
§ 4.§ 4. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizisasamarTlo praqtikis analizi
(nawili mesame)(nawili mesame)................................................................................................................368368
Tavi IVTavi IV arasrulwlovniT - vaWrobisarasrulwlovniT - vaWrobis
(trefikingi) samarTlebriv-sociologiuri(trefikingi) samarTlebriv-sociologiuri
analizianalizi..........................................................................................................................................................385385
§1. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)§1. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)..........385385
§ 2. bavSvebis trefikingi da komerciuli§ 2. bavSvebis trefikingi da komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluatacia rogorcseqsualuri eqspluatacia rogorc
Tanamedroveobis globaluri problemaTanamedroveobis globaluri problema..............392392
2.1 naadrevi qorwinebebi2.1 naadrevi qorwinebebi ........................................................................403403
2.2 bavSvTa pornografia2.2 bavSvTa pornografia ........................................................................405405
2.3 bavSvTa seqsturizmi2.3 bavSvTa seqsturizmi ..........................................................................413413
§3. saqarTv§3. saqarTvelo bavSvTa trefikingiselo bavSvTa trefikingis

11. 10
globaluri gamowvevisglobaluri gamowvevis winaSewinaSe......................................................418418
§4 bavSvTa trefikingis da komerciuli§4 bavSvTa trefikingis da komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluataciis prevenciaseqsualuri eqspluataciis prevencia
(rekomendaciebi)(rekomendaciebi)......................................................................................................435435
§ 5. bavSvTa trefikingis kriminalizacia§ 5. bavSvTa trefikingis kriminalizacia............451451
§ 6. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)§ 6. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobamsxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba ....................471471
mesame karimesame kari
qarTuli antiqurduli normebis daqarTuli antiqurduli normebis da
sasamarTlo praqtikis mimoxilvasasamarTlo praqtikis mimoxilva
Tavi ITavi I antiqurduli normebis kriminalizaciisantiqurduli normebis kriminalizaciis
sakiTxebi saqarTveloSisakiTxebi saqarTveloSi ....................................................................................481481
§1. qurduli cxovrebis wesis§1. qurduli cxovrebis wesis
msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebimsoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebi....................................481481
§2. e.w. kanonieri qurdobis kriminologiuri§2. e.w. kanonieri qurdobis kriminologiuri
analizi da mokle istoriuli eskursianalizi da mokle istoriuli eskursi ....................509509
§ 3. kriminaluri subkultura da§ 3. kriminaluri subkultura da
TanamedroveqarTuli sazogadoebaTanamedroveqarTuli sazogadoeba........................................ 519519
§ 4. saqarTvelos antiqurduli§ 4. saqarTvelos antiqurduli
kanonmdeblobakanonmdebloba ............................................................................................................527527
§ 5. dasjadoba qmedebisTvis Tu socialuri§ 5. dasjadoba qmedebisTvis Tu socialuri
statusisTvis?statusisTvis? ............................................................................................................541541
Tavi IITavi II qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieriqurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuliqurdobis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuli
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizisasamarTlo praqtikis analizi ..................................................547547
§ 1. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da§ 1. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da
kanonieri qurdobis sisxlissamarTlebrivikanonieri qurdobis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
aspeqtebiaspeqtebi..................................................................................................................................547547
§ 2. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da§ 2. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da
kanonieri qurdobis saprocesokanonieri qurdobis saproceso
samarTlebrivi aspeqtebisamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi....................................................................565565
§ 3. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri§ 3. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTloqurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizipraqtikis analizi (nawili pirveli)(nawili pirveli) ..........................573573

12. 11
§ 4. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri§ 4. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri
qurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTloqurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizipraqtikis analizi (nawili meore)(nawili meore)................................................614614
§ 5. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri§ 5. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri
qurdoba _ sisxlis saprocesoqurdoba _ sisxlis saproceso
samarTlebrivi aspeqtebisamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi..............................................................................662662
meoTxe karimeoTxe kari
qarTuli antireketuli normebiqarTuli antireketuli normebi
SesavaliSesavali..............................................................................................................................................683683
§ 1. kriminalizaciis sazrisi§ 1. kriminalizaciis sazrisi ........................................................686686
§ 2. Tavisufa§ 2. Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefciali interpretaciis koncefcia
legalobislegalobis principTan da qarTuli sisxlisprincipTan da qarTuli sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis sistsamarTlis kodeqsis sistemasTanemasTan
mimarTebaSimimarTebaSi ................................................................................................................................689689
2.1 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefciis2.1 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefciis
arsiarsi..............................................................................................................................................................689689
2.2 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia2.2 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia
legalobis principTan mimarTebaSilegalobis principTan mimarTebaSi ...................................... 691691
2.3 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia2.3 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisqarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
sistemasTan mimarTebaSisistemasTan mimarTebaSi................................................................................692692
§ 3. pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis koncefciis3. pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis koncefciis
arsi da misi gamovlena qarTul sisxlisarsi da misi gamovlena qarTul sisxlis
samarTalSisamarTalSi ................................................................................................................................693693
3.1 pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis
koncefciis arsikoncefciis arsi............................................................................................................................693693
3.2 antire3.2 antireketuli normebi danaSaulis simravlisaketuli normebi danaSaulis simravlisa
da jgufuri danaSaulobis samarTlebrivda jgufuri danaSaulobis samarTlebriv
institutebTan mimarTinstitutebTan mimarTebaSiebaSi....................................................................695695
§ 4. sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefcia4. sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefcia .......................... 697697
4.1 sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefciis
arsi............................................................................... 697
4.2 qarTuli antireketuli normebi sakontrolo
deliqtTa koncefciasTan mimarTebaSi ............. 698

13. 12
4.3 winadadebebi sakontrolo deliqtTa
koncefciasTan mimarTebaSi qarTuli
antireketuli normebis sakanonmdeblo
daxvewisTvis .............................................................. 700
§ 5. organizaciuli SeTanxmebis koncefcia5. organizaciuli SeTanxmebis koncefcia ........ 703703
5.1 organizaciuli SeTanxmebis5.1 organizaciuli SeTanxmebis
koncefciis arsikoncefciis arsi ..............................................................................................................703703
5.2 organizebul danaSaulobasTan5.2 organizebul danaSaulobasTan
sisxlissamarTlebrvi saSualebebiT brZolissisxlissamarTlebrvi saSualebebiT brZolis
sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofisTvissakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofisTvis.............................. 706706
5.3 ruseTis federaciis gamocdileba5.3 ruseTis federaciis gamocdileba
danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organizaciis)danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organizaciis)
kriminalizaciis sakiTxSikriminalizaciis sakiTxSi ..........................................................................708708
5.4 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT5.4 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
reglamentirebuli organizebuli jgufisreglamentirebuli organizebuli jgufis
subieqturi mxaris kritikuli analizisubieqturi mxaris kritikuli analizi.......................... 711711
mexuTe karimexuTe kari
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciaukanono Semosavlis legalizacia
§1. ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia rogorc1. ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia rogorc
organizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis forma daorganizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis forma da
Tanamedroveobis globaluri problemaTanamedroveobis globaluri problema .................. 715715
§ 2. fulis gaTeTrebis genezisi, xelSemwyobi2. fulis gaTeTrebis genezisi, xelSemwyobi
pirobebi da faqtorpirobebi da faqtorebiebi...................................................................................... 719719
§ 3. fulis gaTeTreb§ 3. fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolisasTan brZolis
saerTaSoriso da SidasamarTlebrivi normatiulisaerTaSoriso da SidasamarTlebrivi normatiuli
aqtebi, saerTaSoriso monitoringiaqtebi, saerTaSoriso monitoringi........................................741741
§ 4. fulis gaTeTrebis kriminalizacia§ 4. fulis gaTeTrebis kriminalizacia
(iuridiuli daxasia(iuridiuli daxasiaTeba)Teba) ......................................................................755755
§ 5. Semosavlebis legalizaciis obieqturi§ 5. Semosavlebis legalizaciis obieqturi
Semadgenloba saerTaSoriso aqtebSi daSemadgenloba saerTaSoriso aqtebSi da
nacionalur kanonmdeblobaSinacionalur kanonmdeblobaSi....................................................772772
§ 6. kriminaluri warmoSobis fulis garecxvis§ 6. kriminaluri warmoSobis fulis garecxvis

14. 13
modelebi (ukanonomodelebi (ukanono Semosavlebis legalizaciisSemosavlebis legalizaciis
etapebi _ stadiebi); qmedebis obieqturi mxarisetapebi _ stadiebi); qmedebis obieqturi mxaris
realizaciis specifikarealizaciis specifika..............................................................................776776
§ 7. ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis§ 7. ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis
subieqturi Semadgenlobasubieqturi Semadgenloba ..................................................................807807
§ 8. fulis gaTeTreba da momijnave§ 8. fulis gaTeTreba da momijnave
danaSaulebidanaSaulebi ......................................................................................................................814814
8.1 winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT8.1 winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli nivTis SeZena an gasaRebamopovebuli nivTis SeZena an gasaReba
(ssk-is 186-e muxli)(ssk-is 186-e muxli) ....................................................................................................814814
8.2 ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT8.2 ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT
mopovebuli nivTiT sargebloba, nivTis SeZena,mopovebuli nivTiT sargebloba, nivTis SeZena,
floba an gasaReba (ssk-is 194floba an gasaReba (ssk-is 1941
-e muxli)-e muxli) ........................ 818818
§9. sasamarTlo praqtika fulis `garecxvis~§9. sasamarTlo praqtika fulis `garecxvis~
SesaxebSesaxeb............................................................................................................................................820820
§ 10. sazRvargareTis zogierTi qveynis§ 10. sazRvargareTis zogierTi qveynis
kanonmdebloba fulis gaTeTrebiskanonmdebloba fulis gaTeTrebis
winaaRmdegwinaaRmdeg ............................................................................................................................872872
10.1 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi10.1 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi .......................................... 872872
10.2 safrangeTi10.2 safrangeTi ..........................................................................................................881881
10.3 germania10.3 germania ......................................................................................................................884884
10.4 italia10.4 italia.................................................................................................................................. 890890
meeqvse karimeeqvse kari
qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc efeqturiqonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc efeqturi
meqanizmi organizebuli danaSaulismeqanizmi organizebuli danaSaulis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSiwinaaRmdeg brZolaSi
§ 1. qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi qonebis§ 1. qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi qonebis
CamorTmevisa da misi winamorbediCamorTmevisa da misi winamorbedi
institutebis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebisinstitutebis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis
mokle istoriamokle istoria......................................................................................................................895895
§ 2. qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc materialur§ 2. qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc materialur
samarTlebrivi sanqcia da saproceso-samarTlebrivi sanqcia da saproceso-
samarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZieba, TanamedrovesamarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZieba, Tanamedrove
etapze moqmed qaetapze moqmed qarTulrTul kanonmdeblobaSikanonmdeblobaSi................917917
2.1 qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos2.1 qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis materialur da saprocesosisxlis samarTlis materialur da saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSi (mdgomareoba 2010 wliskanonmdeblobaSi (mdgomareoba 2010 wlis
1 oqtombramde)1 oqtombramde)....................................................................................................................919919

15. 14
2.22.2 qonebis CamorTmeva da saproceso konfiskaciaqonebis CamorTmeva da saproceso konfiskacia
saqarTvelos axal sisxlis samarTlis saprocesosaqarTvelos axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSikanonmdeblobaSi ............................................................................................................946946
§ 3. qonebis CamorTmevis instituti saqarTvelos§ 3. qonebis CamorTmevis instituti saqarTvelos
moqmedi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsismoqmedi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
mixedviTmixedviT ............................................................................................................................................954954
§ 4. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi da§ 4. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi da
evrodireqtivebi qonebis CamorTmevisevrodireqtivebi qonebis CamorTmevis
(konfiskaciis) Sesaxeb(konfiskaciis) Sesaxeb..........................................................................................963963
meSvide karimeSvide kari
iuridiuridiuli piriuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriviis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba rogorc efeqturi meqanizmipasuxismgebloba rogorc efeqturi meqanizmi
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZorganizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSiolaSi
§ 1. `samarTlis subie§ 1. `samarTlis subieqti~ Tu ` samarTlebriviqti~ Tu ` samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis subieqti~ ?urTierTobis subieqti~ ?............................................................................ 975975
§ 2. kategorialuri azrovneba da misi§ 2. kategorialuri azrovneba da misi
meTodologiuri mniSvnelobameTodologiuri mniSvneloba............................................................ 976976
§ 3. iuridiuli piris problema samoqalaqo§ 3. iuridiuli piris problema samoqalaqo
samarTalSisamarTalSi..................................................................................................................................981981
§ 6. fiqciis cneba da misi meTodologiuri§ 6. fiqciis cneba da misi meTodologiuri
mniSvnelobamniSvneloba................................................................................................................................993993
§ 7. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi§ 7. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi saqarTveloSipasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi saqarTveloSi .................. 997997
§ 8. Biuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis§ 8. Biuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis
safuZveli samoqalaqo samarTalSisafuZveli samoqalaqo samarTalSi ........................................ 999999
§ 9. g. boguSi iuridiuli piris sisxlis-§ 9. g. boguSi iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
winaaRmdegwinaaRmdeg ................................................................................................................................10121012
§10.10. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba dasajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba da
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriviiuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis problemapasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis problema ............10161016
§11. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi§11. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb uaxloesipasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb uaxloesi
mosazrebani ruseTis federaciaSimosazrebani ruseTis federaciaSi ......................................10181018
informacia proeqtis monawileTa Sesaxebinformacia proeqtis monawileTa Sesaxeb............................ 10291029

16. 15
winasityvaoba
sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdeg, nacionaluri saxelm-
wifoebis xelisuflebis sisustis, socialuri kontro-
lis efeqturad ganxorcielebis uunarobis pirobebSi,
organizebulma danaSaulobam farTo masStabebi SeiZi-
na. me-20 saukunis bolos postsabWouri respublikebis
umravlesobaSi TiTqmis erTiani suraTi iyo – organi-
zebulma danaSaulobam xelT igdo ara mxolod didi si-
mdidre da gavlena axlad aRmocenebul sabazro ekono-
mikaze, aramed SeaRwia xelisuflebis yvela StoSi.
qarTul sazogadoebaSi didi gaqaneba hpova danaSaule-
brivma subkulturam, gansakuTrebiT ki, axalgazrdeb-
Si. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Cveulebriv movlenad iqca
kriminaluri Jargoni, e.w. `qurduli Rirebulebebi~.
kriminaluri subkultura yvelanairad cdilobda Ta-
visi adgili daemkvidrebina qarTul cnobierebaSi da
dogmis saxe mieRo. saqarTveloSi e.w. qurduli subkul-
turis farTo gavrcelebaze metyvelebs TviTon eT-
nikurad qarTuli warmoSobis `kanonieri qurdebis~
procentuli simravle sabWoTa kavSiris dros da misi
rRvevis Semdegac. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdge-
nis Tavdapirvel etapze, sakanonmdeblo bazis sisustem
da marTlmsajulebis araefeqturobam, sazogadoebaSi
daucvelobis da usamarTlobis gancdis SegrZneba daam-
kvidra. aRniSnuli faqtoris gamo, didi gasaqani mieca
treteul sasamarTlo procesebs, sadac kvazisamarT-
lianobis principebze dayrdnobiT e.w. avtoritetebi
`saqmeebs qurdulad agvarebdnen~. organizebuli dana-

17. 16
Sauloba realurad saxelmwifos SigniT qmnida `saxelm-
wifos~, Tavisi qcevis normebiT, `marTlmsajulebiT~ da
iZulebis aparatiT.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo arCevanis winaSe dadga: mas
an unda daewyo brZola organizebuli danaSaulobis
winaaRmdeg an kriminokratiad gadaqceuliyo. saqar-
Tvelos xelisuflebam gamoiCina uprecendento prin-
cipuloba da efeqturi reformebis meSveobiT daiwyo
brZola organizebul danaSaulobasTan, romelic qvey-
nis sxeulSi myarad iyo gamjdari.
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeq-
turoba mZlavri samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis arsebobas
moiTxovs. saqarTvelom uprecendentod efeqturi re-
formebi gaatara organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis
kuTxiT. postsabWour sivrceSi pirvelma da erTaderT-
ma saqarTvelom moaxdina organizebuli danaSaulis
iseTi formis kriminalizacia, rogoric e.w. `kanonieri
qurdoba~ da qurduli samyaros wevrobaa; Seiqmna tre-
fikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli efeqturi samarTle-
brivi meqanizmebi da sasamarTlo praqtika; saxelmwifom
daiwyo efeqturi brZola organizebuli danaSaulobis
finansuri safuZvlebis winaaRmdeg. am mxriv, mniSvnelo-
vania qonebis CamorTmevis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis
arseboba. organizebuli danaSaulis finansuri infras-
truqtura ikvebeba krminalurad mopovebuli Tanxebis
garecxviT da maTi Semdgom qveynis legalur finansur
sivrceSi dabandebiT. fulis gaTeTrebiT saxelmwifos
ekonomikur usafrTxoebas mniSvnelovani ziani adgeba da

18. 17
aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT qveynis sakanonmdeblo baza da
sasamarTlo praqtika sakmaod ganviTarda.
migvaCnia, rom samecniero potenciali qveynis aRmSene-
blobis procesSi efeqturad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
da samecniero wreebma aqtiuri monawileoba unda mii-
Ron Cveni qveynis ganviTarebasa da winsvlaSi. zustad am
mosazrebiT SevecadeT Cveni naazreviT mokrZalebuli
wvlili Segvetana organizebuli danaSaulis winaaR-
mdeg brZolis saqmeSi.
aqtiuri sakanonmdeblo muSaobis Sedegad SemuSavebul-
ma organizebuli danaSaulobis axalma kriminalize-
bulma formebma, romelTac adre arc mecniereba da arc
sasamarTlo praqtika ar icnobda, mravali kiTxva daba-
da. dadga erTbaSad SemuSavebuli samarTlebrivi insti-
tutebis, definiciebisa Tu danaSaulTa Semadgenlobe-
bis Rrma mecnieruli analizis aucilebloba. calkeuli
samecniero statiebis da sisxlis samarTlis saxelmZR-
vaneloebis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli viwro kvle-
vebis garda, qarTul samarTlebriv sivrceSi aRniSnuli
sakiTxebi fundamentur doneze ar damuSavebul. Sesa-
bamisad, aRniSnul sferoSi, romelic avtorTa azriT
umniSvnelovanesia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis po-
litikidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani informaciuli
vakuumia.
mocemuli naSromi organizebuli danaSaulis socialu-
ri, samarTlebrivi, social-fsiqologiuri analizis,
agreTve aRniSnuli movlenis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

19. 18
normebis, meqanizmebis, sasamarTlo praqtikis, saerTa-
Soriso gamocdilebis pirveli kompleqsuri kvlevis
nimuSs warmoadgens.
naSromi saintereso unda iyos araiuristi, rigiTi mki-
TxvelisTvisac, radgan masSi gaanalizebulia is socia-
luri da socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebi, romle-
bic Tanamedrove organizebuli danaSaulisTvis da
danaSaulebrivi subkulturisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
naSromi sazogadoebis farTo wrisTvis gasagebi eni-
Taa dawerili. masSi gaazrebuli msoflmxedvelobrivi
problemebi, gansakuTrebiT kriminaluri subkulturis
kuTxiT, xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebrivi marTlSegnebis
amaRlebas.
giorgi goraSvili
samecniero proeqtis menejeri,
samarTlis doqtori

20. pirveli karipirveli kari
organizebuli danaSaulisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebi

21. http://www.soxfirst.com/50226711/organized_crime_becomes_the_new_superpower.php

22. 21
guram naWyebia
iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori
Tavi ITavi I
organizebuli danaSaulisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebis zogadTeoriuli
safuZvlebi
§ 1. pasuxismgebloba organizebuli danaSaulisTvis
(problemis dasma)
SeniSvna: organizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema,
misi mravalmxriobisa da sirTulis gamo, arsebiT Ses-
wavlas moiTxovs. imis miuxedavad, rom mas msoflios
zogierTi wamyvani saxelmwifos zogadi nawilis kanoni
da dogmatika icnobs, igi kvlav iqcevs mkvlevarTa yura-
dRebas. miT ufro ar yofila igi yovelmxrivi Seswavlis
sagani saqarTveloSi.
organizebuli danaSauli iuridiuladac da logikura-
dac ukavSirdeba danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis prob-
lemas, magram igi am ukanasknels ar emTxveva. es Sei-
Zleba, ase vTqvaT, negatiuri wesiTac davadasturoT.
kerZod, saqarTveloSi danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
problemas araerTi saintereso naSromi mieZRvna,11
ma-
gram, samwuxarod, organizebuli danaSaulis problema
am naSromebSi saTanadod arc dasmula. marTalia, orga-
1
T. wereTeli, Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi, Tb., 1965; o. ga-
myreliZe, SualobiTi amsrulebloba da Tanaamsrulebloba,
Tb., 1974; misive: sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis prob-
lema da TanamonawileTa dasjadobis safuZveli, Tb., 1989.

23. 22
nizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema ukve ganxilu-
lia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis
saxelmZRvaneloSi,2
magram es mxolod dasawyisia. am
problemis kompleqsur kvlevas ki uaRresad didi mniS-
vneloba aqvs, rogorc praqtikuli, ise Teoriuli Tval-
sazrisiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom organizebuli danaSauli erTi an ram-
denime qveynis problema ki araa mxolod, aramed, mas
transnacionaluri xasiaTi aqvs. es Cans im oficialuri
dokumentidanac, rogoricaa: gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciis 2000 wlis 12 dekembris konvencia transna-
cionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg da
misi damatebiTi oqmebidan adamianTa trefikingisa
da migrantTa ukanono gadayvanis Sesaxeb. am dokumen-
tSi ganmartebulia mTeli rigi terminebisa, romlebic
xels uwyoben organizebuli danaSaulis cnebisa da misi
kriminalizaciis kriteriumebis problemaTa marTebul
gagebas. am mxriv, zogi ram gaziarebulia saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSic, xolo, am konvenciaSi
organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis arsebiT niSnebs ufro
vrclad am naSromis Teoriul nawilSi SevexebiT. isic
unda SevniSnoT, rom xsenebul konvenciaSi vrcladaa
gadmocemuli transnacionaluri organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis rogorc sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi, ise saproceso zomebi, magram Cven organize-
buli danaSaulis ZiriTadi niSnebis dadgeniT Semovi-
farglebiT.
1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e mux-
lis mesame nawilSi mocemulia organizebuli jgu-
fis cneba misi ramdenime niSnis mixedviT: a) jgufi
2
sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, red.: g. naWyebia, i. dval-
iZe. Tb., 2007.

24. 23
drois gansazRvrul periodSia Seqmnili; b) igi mo-
qmedebs winaswarSeTanxmebulad, Tumca am SeTanxme-
bis xarisxze miniSnebuli araa da amitom aris saSiS-
roeba imisa, rom organizebuli jgufis cneba Cveu-
lebriv pirTa jgufis cnebaSi agverios). g) jgufi
struqturuli formis mqonea, rac Tavis mxriv, hgavs
danaSaulebriv organizacias an gaerTianebas. am uka-
nasknels icnobs rusuli kanonmdebloba, magram ase
gamokveTilad ar icnobs qarTuli kanonmdebloba
(sakiTxavia: xom ar gvxvdeba saqarTvelos sagamoZie-
bo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi amgvari danaSaulis
(danaSaulebrivi organizaciis an gaerTianebis) niS-
nebi? d) am jgufis mizani SeiZleba iyos ara marto
erTi an ramdenime danaSaulis Cadena, aramed pirda-
pir an arapirdapir finansuri an sxva materialuri
sargeblis ukanonod miReba (ese igi dasadgenia or-
ganizebuli jgufis moqmedebis sfero da obieqti
(magaliTad, ssk-is 212-e muxlis mesame nawili – yal-
bi fulis an fasiani qaRaldis damzadeba an gasaReba,
Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier).
2. amave muxlis SeniSvnaSi, gaeros zemoTdasaxelebu-
li konvenciis me-2 muxlSi mocemuli ganmartebis
Sesabamisad, naTqvamia, rom struqturuli formis
mqonea jgufi, romelic jer erTi, ar aris Seqmnili
SemTxveviT an naucbaTevad, raime situaciuri vi-
Tarebis karnaxiT, danaSaulis Casadenad (ese igi ig-
ulisxmeba ufro myari danaSaulebrivi kavSiri); aqve
naTqvamia, rom ar aris aucilebeli, formalurad
iyos ganawilebuli rolebi, magram maSin riTi unda
ganvasxvavoT organizebuli jgufi e.w. aucilebeli
Tanamonawileobisgan, rodesac TviT danaSaulis
specifika moiTxovs imas, rom is ori an meti piris
mier erToblivad iyos Cadenili? (magaliTad, maso-
brivi areuloba _ ssk-is 225-e muxli), magram am mi-

25. 24
marTebiT pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis wesiT ar wydeba. meore mxriv, or-
ganizebuli jgufis cnebaSi rolebis ganawilebis
ugulebelyofa ewinaaRmdegeba amave muxlis meoTxe
nawils, romelSic pirdapir aris miTiTeba am jgufis
Semqmnelis an xelmZRvanelis pasuxismgeblobaze,
Tumca es sakiTxi ase calsaxa araa.
3. organizebuli jgufis cneba muSavdeba danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis doqtrinis safuZvelze, xolo,
es doqtrina, Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva samarTlebriv
sistemebSi gansxvavebulia. amdenad, aucilebeli
xdeba analogiisa da Sedarebis meTodologiis
gamoyeneba. miT ufro, rom organizebuli jgufis
cneba gulisxmobs danaSaulis Cadenas adamianTa
gaerTianebebis mier, magaliTad, danaSaulis Cadena
korporaciis (iuridiuli piris) formaSi, agreTve
danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis mxriv. aseT vi-
TarebaSi sruliad aucilebeli xdeba imis aRniSvna,
rom iyo dro, rodesac danaSaulSi Tanamonawileo-
ba ganixileboda solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis
principebis Tanaxmad.33
kaliforniis Statis (aSS)
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis magaliTze ki, SeiZleba
davadasturoTe.w.ekvivalenturipasuxismgeblobis
Teoria, romlis Tanaxmad, mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSaulis Cadenisas yvela Tanamonawile, maT
Soris, damxmarec, amsrulebelia da pasuxismgebelia
danaSaulis amsruleblobisTvis.4
4. organizebuli jgufis cneba gulisxmobs organi-
zatoris an xelmZRvanelis cnebas. amdenad, ekviva-
lenturi pasuxismgeblobis Teoria organizebuli
jgufis cnebas ver Camoayalibebs. magram ra xdeba,
3
Н. С. Таганцев, Русское уголовное право, Общая часть, т. 1. Тула, 2001,
стр. 577
4
Дж. Флетчер, А. В. Наумов, Основные концепции современного уго-
ловного права, М., 1998, стр. 452.

26. 25
SedarebisTvis, magaliTad, germaniis federaciul
respublikaSi? Aaq winaaRmdegoba xom ar iqmneba imis
gamo, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili organiza-
toris cnebas saerTod ar icnobs? isic aRsaniSnavia,
rom germanuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi da Teo-
ria (dogmatika) Tanamonawileobis formebSi organi-
zebuli jgufis cnebas ar gamoyofs. magram sisxlis
samarTlis kerZo nawilSi laparakia teroristuli
Tu SeiaraRebuli gaerTianebebis Seqmnaze (magali-
Tad, § 127-e da § 129-e).
sakiTxavia: ratom araa aq organizatori? Tu ar
aris, maSin aRniSnuli gaerTianeba danaSaulSi Tan-
amonawileobis nairsaxeobas ar warmoadgens; anda
sisxlis samarTlis zogad da kerZo nawilebs Soris
am mimarTebiT garkveuli winaaRmdegobaa.
5. germanul doqtrinaSi TiTqmis gabatonebuli e.w.
limitirebuli aqcesoroba, rac imas niSnavs, rom
mTavari qmedeba unda iyos marTlsawinaaRmdego,
xolo es araa savaldebulo Tanamonawilis bralis
mimarT.55
amiT imis Tqma undaT, rom aqcesoroba bra-
lis mimarT ar vrceldeba. maSasadame, danaSaulSi
TanamonawileobaTanabraleulobiscnebasarcnobs,
magram am debulebas sakmaod seriozuli gamocda
elis. kerZod, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba niSnavs
ori an meti piris ganzrax erTobliv monawileobas
ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenaSi (ssk-is 23-e muxli).
Tu ganzraxva bralis formaa, maSin xom ar niSnavs es
imas, rom danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobisas, maT So-
ris organizebulSi, adgili aqvs ganzrax erTobliv
moqmedebas, da, maSasadame, Tanabraleulobas? xom
ar unda vifiqroT, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi pasux-
ismgebloba wydeba TiToeuli Tanamonawilis bralis
5
Baumann ( Weber) Mitsch, Strafrect, Allgemeiner Teil, 1995, s. 519.

27. 26
xarisxis Sesabamisad? sakiTxavia: Tanabraleulobis
uaryofa imitom xom ar xdeba, rom brali da negati-
uri pasuxismgebloba erTmaneTSia aRreuli?
6. ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi
miRebulia debuleba, rom sisxlisamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli danaSaulis Semadgen-
lobaa.66
Tumca, danaSaulis cnebis rusul modelSi
danaSaulis Semadgenloba, misi oTxi tradiciuli
elementiT (obieqtiT, obieqturi mxriv, subieqtiTa
da subieqturi mxriv) mTeli danaSaulia. amdenad,
am modelSi sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bis safuZvelia danaSauli. igive debulebaa gacxa-
debuli ssk-is me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSi, romlis
Tanaxmad, sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvelia danaSauli.
debuleba, rom sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis safuZvelia danaSauli, swori ar aris. jer
erTi, danaSauli, iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, mx-
olod maSin iTvleba Cadenilad, Tu igi dadasture-
bulia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeniT. am momentamde piri, Tavisi obieqturi
procesualuri mdgomareobis Tanaxmad, arabraleu-
lia. maSasadame, sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaT-
valiswinebuli da marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis
CadenaSi subieqtis bralis dadgenis gareSe negati-
uri sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba SeuZle-
belia. amdenad, sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis safuZvelia ara danaSauli, rogorc aseTi,
aramed brali. miTumetes, rom brali aris pasux-
ismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri aspeqtebis ka-
vSiris forma. kerZod, pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri
aspeqti (`pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba~) bralis, ro-
6
Курс Российского уголовного права, Обшая часть, М. 2001, стр. 161.

28. 27
gorc `upasuxismgeblobis~ sinonimis, safuZvelia,
xolo brali, Tavis mxriv, negatiuri pasuxismge-
blobis safuZvelia. 7
debuleba, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis safuZvelia brali, vrceldeba danaSaulSi
Tanamonwileobazec, maT Soris organizebuli da-
naSaulis mimarTac. amdenad, limitirebuli aqceso-
roba, romelic TanamonawileTa bralis mimarT ar
vrceldeba, Riad tovebs danaSaulSi Tanamonawile-
obis, maT Soris, organizebuli danaSaulis, prob-
lematikaSi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlis proble-
mas.
7. germaneli kolegebi fiqroben, rom Tanamonawileo-
ba gulisxmobs ganzrax qmedebas, magram ara aucile-
blad braleuls. aq ganzraxva gagebulia wminda
fsiqologiurad da ara rogorc bralis forma.
amaze metyvelebs isic, rom qmedebis Semadgenlobis
struqturaSi Setanilia ganzraxva, magram marTl-
winaaRmdegobis Segnebis gareSe, radgan, am struq-
turaSi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis adgili
dadgenilia ganzraxvis Semdeg. 88
magram am mimarTe-
biT `ganzraxva~ gamoyenebulia iseT aspeqtSic, roca
igi bralis formis rolSi gamodis (magaliTad, roca
waqezebulma danamdvilebiT icis misi wamqezeblis
moqmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis garemoebani.99
sakiTxavia: Tu ganzraxva bralis forma araa, maSin
saidan miiReba brali? uformo Sinaarsi an uSinaar-
so forma SeuZlebelia.
8. cnobilia, rom `finalizmSi` ganzraxva da gaufrTx-
ilebloba bralis formebs ki ar warmoadgenen,
7
ix. g. naWyebia, brali, rogorc socialuri filosofiis kat-
egoria, Tb., 2001.
8
А. Е.Жалинский,Современноенемецкоеуголовноеправо,М.,2004,стр.281.
9
iqve, gv. 218.

29. 28
aramed qmedebis fsiqikur elementebs. Aam poziciidan
ki, rogorc Tavis droze sworad SeniSna r. buSma,1010
SeuZlebelia, jer erTi, danaSaulis momzadeba da
mcdeloba, da, meorec, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileo-
ba. marTlac, Tu ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba
bralis formebs ki ara, qmedebis fsiqikur elemen-
tebs warmoadgenen, maSin saqme exeba araiuridiul,
faqtobriv, fsiqologiur viTarebas. Aam poziciidan
ki danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba, rogorc iu-
ridiuli problema, SeuZlebelia. miT ufro SeuZle-
belia am poziciidan danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis,
rogorc iuridiuli problemis, mecnieruli ana-
lizi. kerZod, cnobilia, rom Tanamonawileoba dana-
SaulSi, Tavisi bunebiT, aqcesorulia, ese igi, dana-
SaulSi TanamonawileTa pasuxismgebloba damokide-
bulia amsruleblis pasuxismgeblobaze. Gganzraxvis,
rogorc bralis formis, uaryofiT uaryofilia da-
naSaulSi Tanamonawileobis iuridiuli xasiaTi da
aRiarebulia danaSaulSi faqtobrivi monawileoba.
Aam poziciidan ki, magaliTad, SualobiTi amsrule-
bloba SeuZlebelia, radgan is, vinc gamoyenebulia
danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRad, ese igi, Seuracxadi,
faqtobrivi Tanamonawileobis logikiT, danaSaulis
amsrulebeli aRmoCndeba, rac, ra Tqma unda, SeuZle-
belia. iuridiuli azrovnebis wesis mixedviT ki, Su-
alobiTi amsrulebelia Seracxadi piri, romelmac
danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRad gamoiyena Seuracxadi
piri, an is piri, romelic ganzrax Seiyvana Secdoma-
Si da mas gaufrTxileblobiT Caadenina danaSauli.
maSasadame, faqtobrivi wamqezebeli, ese igi, is, vinc
danaSaulis Casadenad gamoiyena Seuracxadi, iurid-
ulad amsrulebelia, xolo faqtobrivad amsrule-
beli iuridiulad danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRia.
10
R. Busch, Moderne Wandlungen der Verbrechenslehre, Tubingen, 1949.

30. 29
amrigad, marTalia, organizebuli danaSaulis prob-
lema, rogorc Semdgomac davinaxavT, danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis problemas ar emTxveva, magram
misgan mowyvetilic araa.
9. sainteresoa organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg
agent-provokatoris operatiul-samZebro aspeqtiT
gamoyenebis problema da danaSaulis provokacia.
ssk-is 145-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas
danaSaulis provokaciisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi faqti-
urad wamqezebeli, anu, provokatori iuridiulad
amsrulebelia provokaciisa, raTa pirs danaSauli
misi mxilebis mizniT Caadeninos. cxadia, provoka-
tori mis mier faqtobrivad waqezebuli danaSaulis
Tanamonawile ver iqneba. sul sxvaa organizebuli
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg agent-provokatoris gamoy-
enebis (organizebuli jgufis wevrTa mxilebis miz-
niT) problema, romelic sakmaod rTuli da riski-
ania. gamosarkvevia, iyeneben Tu ara mas saqarTvelos
sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi?
10. organizebuli danaSaulis problema ukavSirdeba
iuridiuli piris sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis problemas. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia kidec
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg gaeros zemoTxsenebuli konvenciis me-10
muxlSi. jer erTi, gamoricxuli araa organizebuli
jgufis Seqmna iuridiuli piris formaSi; meorec,
araa gamoricxuli danaSaulSi iuridiuli pirebis
monawileobac organizebuli danaSaulis formiT.
amdenad, es problemac gamosarkvevia saqarTvelos
sagamoZiebo-sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT.
11. organizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema pirda-
pir kavSirSia danaSaulis materialuri gansazRvre-
bis problemasTan. igulisxmeba qmedebis sazogadoe-
brivi (socialuri) saSiSroebis cneba. magaliTad,

31. 30
did britaneTSi danaSaulSi TanamonawileTa day-
ofas amsruleblisa da damxmaris saxiT adgili aqvs
feloniis mimarT, xolo, Ralatis qmedeba imdenad
saSiSia, rom am qmedebaSi yvela Tanamonawile ganix-
ileba, rogorc amsrulebeli.11
12. organizatoris cneba, arc didi britaneTis kanonma
da dogmatikam, rogorc Cans, ar icis da, maSasadame,
aq organizebuli danaSaulis cnebac rTulia. rac
Seexeba imas, rom Ralatis maRali saSiSroeba faq-
tobrivad damxmaresac ki iuridiulad amsrulebels
uTanabrebs, _ uyuradRebod ver davtovebT. sam-
wuxarod, am mxriv saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsiT pozicia sakmaod bundovania. jer erTi,
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxlis pirvel
nawilSi danaSaulis cneba ganmartebulia wminda
formalurad, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleu-
li qmedeba. marTalia, amave muxlis meore nawilSi
meore mniSvnelobis qmedeba danaSaulad ar iTv-
leba, ese igi, TiTqos aRiarebulia danaSaulis so-
cialuri saSiSroeba, magram danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
mainc daxasiaTebulia, rogorc marTlsawinaaRm-
dego. magaliTad, bralis formebis sakanonmdeblo
gansazRvrebebSi (ix. ssk-is me-9 da me-10 muxlebi) da
sazogadoebrivi Tu socialuri saSiSroebis cneba
naxsenebic araa. meore mxriv, danaSaulis katego-
rizacia (ssk-is me-12 muxli) xdeba qmedebis simZimis
mixedviT, radgan marTlsawinaaRmdegobas, rogorc
qmedebis uaryofiT samarTlebriv Sefasebas, xarisx-
ebi ar aqvs. qmedebis simZime ki, misi socialuri saSiS-
roebisgan mowyvetiT, ar arsebobs. amaze metyvelebs
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo
nawilSi organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis gamoyen-
11
Уголовное право зарубежных государств, Обшая часть, М., 2001, стр. 73.

32. 31
ebis sazrisic. magaliTad, ssk-is 323-e muxlis meore
nawilis `a~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, teroristuli aqti
SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes jgufurad. vinaidan, jgu-
furi danaSauli gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e muxlSi, romlis
mesame nawilSi aRwerilia organizebuli danaSaulis
niSnebi, amdenad igulisxmeba, rom teroristuli
aqti SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes organizebuli jgufis
mierac. magram es logikuri Tanamimdevroba yov-
elTvis daculi araa. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis 177-e muxlis mesame nawilis
`a~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, qurdoba SeiZleba Cadenil
iqnes winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier, xolo
amave muxlis meoTxe nawilis `a~ qvepunqtis mixedviT
ki, qurdoba SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes organizebuli
jgufis mierac. am SemTxvevaSi `organizebuli jgu-
fi~ pasuxismgeblobas ufro amZimebs da amitom qur-
doba am viTarebaSi, ufro saSiSia, vidre qurdoba wi-
naswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier. maSasadame, dana-
Saulis cnebis formaluri gansazRvreba (ssk-is me-7
muxlis pirveli nawili) organizebuli danaSaulis
cnebas, iseve, rogorc mTeli rigi sxva danaSaulis,
magaliTad, yaCaRobis cnebas (ssk-is 179-e muxli) ar
Seesabameba.
13. organizebuli danaSaulis problema kidev ufro
gaRrmavdeba misi calkeuli gamovlinebebis speci-
fikis (magaliTad, trefikingis, fulis gaTeTrebis,
e.w. qurduli samyaros) kvlevis Sedegad. miT ufro,
rom organizebuli danaSaulis problema gamokv-
leuli iqneba sisxlis samarTlis procesis pozicie-
bidanac, rac am problemas ufro kompleqsurad war-
moaCens.
14. organizebuli danaSaulis problematikaSi erT-
erTi aqilevsis quslia am danaSaulebriv formaSi

33. 32
qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis Tavisebu-
rebis dadgena. am sakiTxze msjeloba sakmaod rTu-
lia. jer erTi, Tu winaswar araa SemuSavebuli or-
ganizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi, am danaSaulebis
Cadenis meqanizms sworad ver warmovaCenT. meore
mxriv, danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadenis meqanizmis
gagebis gareSe organizebuli danaSaulis bunebis
warmoCena SeuZlebelia. aq, rogorc Cans, logikur
wreSi veqceviT, rac sazogadod damaxasiaTebelia
kvlevis sagnisa da meTodis TanafardobisTvis. am
mxrivyuradRebisRirsiajgufuriqcevissocialur-
fsiqologiuri kanonzomiereba. fsiqologiurad am
mxriv sayuradReboa prof. b. xarazaSvilis (xornab-
ujelis) debuleba, rom danaSaulis fsiqologi-
urad qceva ki araa, aramed fsiqologiuri qcevis,
anu, motivisa da miznis ganxorcielebis xerxia.1212
am
poziciidan gamosakvlevia organizebuli danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevrTa motivaciis da miznis prob-
lemebi. es problematika, Tavis mxriv, gadajaWvulia
qmedebis Semadgenlobis problematikasTan. ker-
Zod, danaSaulis, rogorc aseTis, Cadena ki ar xdeba,
aramed xorcieldeba qmedebis konkretuli Semad-
genloba, romelic sxva araferia, Tu ara danaSaulis
Cadenis xerxi. magaliTad, qurdoba aris sxvisi moZ-
ravi nivTis faruli daufleba misi marTlsawinaaRm-
dego misakuTrebis mizniT, anu, qurdoba sxvisi moZ-
ravi nivTis dauflebis faruli xerxia.
rogorc Cans, qmedebis Semadgenlobis problema, miT
ufro rTulia. magram, am mxriv, saqmes gviadvilebs
umarTlobis cneba, radgan, sisxlisamarTlebrivi
usamarTloba, imis miuxedavad, Tu rogoria orga-
nizebul danaSaulSi monawileTa qcevis motivebi,
am pirTa sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
12
Б. В. Хорнабуджели, Психологическая сторона вины, Тб., 1981, стр. 6.

34. 33
obieqturi da erTiani safuZvelia.
15. organizebuli danaSaulis kvlevis Sedegebi saSu-
alebas mogvcems, SevimuSaoT am mimarTebiT sakanon-
mdeblo winadadebani, romelnic Seexeba rogorc
sisxlis samarTlis zogad, ise kerZo nawils; araa
gamoricxuli sakanonmdeblo winadadebani rogorc
sisxlissamarTlisprocesis,isesasjelaRsrulebi-
Ti samarTlis aspeqtiT. garda amisa, am mimarTebiT
SevimuSaoT organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
kvalifikaciis wesebi, romlebic xels uwyobdnen am
mxriv saqmeze rogorc WeSmaritebis dadgenas, ise
qmedebis danaSaulad swori kvalifikaciis miRwevas.
bolos, organizebuli danaSaulis Rrma mecnieruli
kvleva saSualebas mogvcems, rigi Teoriuli sakiTxi
da tradicia gadaisinjos da axleburad dadges
sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis rigi fundamenturi
sakiTxi.
16. organizebuli danaSaulis cneba gansakuTrebulad
rTulia da amitomac, igi dRemde srulyofilad araa
mopovebuli. kerZod, organizebuli danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba sainteresoa, upirveles yovlisa, fsiqolo-
giurad, jgufuri qcevis fsiqologiuri kanonzom-
ierebis mixedviT. gansxvavebulia am mxriv social-
uri fsiqologiis miznebi da amocanebi, ramdenadac
am mimarTebiT saqme Seexeba fsiqikis socialurSi
gardaqmnis problemas. jgufi, rogorc cnobilia,
garkveuli socialuri ujredia, magram aq Tavise-
buria am jgufis fsiqikuri kavSir-urTierTobani,
jgufis wevrTa erTmaneTze gavlenis Tavisebureba-
ni, e. w. ganwyobis fsiqikuri da socialuri erTiano-
ba, romelic organizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis
specifikuri sferoa.
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeba SeiZleba

35. 34
Seswavlil iqnes wminda sociologiuradac, rogorc
garkveuli socialuri ujredi, romelic sazoga-
doebis sxva socialur struqturis fonze da mi-
marTebaSi iazreba. es bunebrivia, radgan am aspeqtiT
igulisxmeba organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeb-
is socialuri mizezebi da Sedegebi. miT umetes, rom
erTi romelime danaSaulebrivi jgufi sxva analo-
giuri dajgufebisagan mowyvetiT SeuZlebelia. am
TvalsazrisiT laparakia danaSaulebriv dajgufe-
baze Tu gaerTianebaze, romelTa zoma da saqmiano-
bis masStabi TviT sazogadoebis da masze agebuli
saxelmwifos zomasa da masStabzea damokidebuli.
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeba SeiZleba Seswav-
lil iqnes kriminologiuradac, ramdenadac aq igulisx-
meba sisxlis samarTlis da sociologiis gadakveTaze
arsebuli specifikuri problemebi. ar aris SemTxvevi-
Ti, rom organizebuli danaSaulis araerTi kriminolo-
giuri gamokvleva arsebobs.13
gasagebia, rom amgvari mravalwaxnagovani movlenis
erT zogad cnebaSi Camoyalibeba Zalian rTulia da mas
garkveuli samuSao hipoTezis daniSnuleba SeiZleba
hqondes. saqme isaa, rom organizebuli danaSaulis cne-
ba srulyofiladac rom iyos mopovebuli, mas mainc ar
SeuZlia sabolood gadawyvitos kanonmdeblis amocana.
kerZod, organizebuli danaSaulis konkretul Semad-
genlobaTa SeqmnisaTvis organizebuli danaSaulis
cneba, sakmarisi araa. magaliTad, arsebobs mkvlelobis
cneba, rogorc sxva adamianis sicocxlis marTlsawi-
naaRmdego da ganzraxi mospoba. mkvlelobis aRniSnuli
13
ix. z. wulaia, kriminologia, zogadi da kerZo nawili, Tb.,
2005; krinimoloigia, T. wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis instituti, UTb., 2005; m. SalikaSvili, krinimolo-
gia, Tb., 2010.

36. 35
cneba mniSvnelovania imisTvis, rom kanonmdebelma mkv-
lelobis Semadgenlobebis Seqmnaze ifiqros. magram, er-
Tia mkvlelobis cneba da sxvaa mkvlelobis konkretuli
Semadgenlobani, romelTa raodenoba sisxlis samar-
Tlis kerZo nawilSi sakmaod bevria. kerZod, arsebobs
mkvlelobis martivi Semadgenloba (ssk-is 108-e muxli),
romelsac Tan ar axlavs mkvlelobisaTvis pasuxismge-
blobis Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoebani.
mkvlelobis am Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebac ki araa
erTnairi. erT SemTxvevaSi is xorcieldeba eWvianobis
niadagze, meoreSi _ SurisZiebisa, mesameSi _ sisxlis
aRebisa, meoTxeSi _ urTierTSelaparakebis niadagze.
sul sxvaa am mxriv mkvlelobis damamZimebeli garemoe-
bebi (ssk-is 109-e muxli), romlebic am saxis mkvlelobis
calkeul Semadgenlobebs warmoadgenen. da bolos, davas
ar iwvevs pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel garemoebeb-
Si Cadenili mkvlelobis calkeuli Semadgenlobani.
mkvlelobis, rogorc danaSaulis, da mkvlelobis
calkeuli Semadgenlobebis es mokle SedarebiTi ana-
lizi imisaTvis dagWirda, rom is garkveulwilad gvex-
mareba sazogadod danaSaulis cnebisa da misi Semadgen-
lobis cnebis gamijvnis saqmeSi. kerZod, danaSaulis,
rogorc aseTis, Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed xorcield-
eba danaSaulis romelime konkretuli Semadgenloba.
magaliTad, Tu mkvlelobis, rogorc konkretuli da-
naSaulis, Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed xorcieldeba mkv-
lelobis romelime Semadgenloba, miT ufro SeuZlebe-
lia danaSaulis zogadi cnebis (ssk-is me-7 muxli) praq-
tikuli ganxorcieleba.
rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSaulis cneba saWiroa
imisTvis, rom kanonmdebelma organizebuli danaSaulis

37. 36
calkeuli Semadgenlobebis Seqmnaze izrunos, magram
organizebuli danaSaulis cneba am saxis danaSaulTa
sakanonmdeblo Semadgenlobebis Sesaqmnelad, rogorc
ukve iTqva, sakmarisi ar aris. saWiroa organizebuli
danaSaulis calkeul gamovlinebaTa Seswavla da anal-
izi, raTa am tipis danaSaulis TiToeuli Semadgenloba
maqsimalurad iyos miaxloebuli misi Cadenis SesaZle-
blobasTan. es arsebiTad damokidebulia kanonmdeblis
unarze, zustad daaxasiaTos ama Tu im danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba misi tipuri niSnebis mixedviT. meorenairad rom
vTqvaT, saqme exeba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
problemas. am mimarTebiT `Semoqmedeba~ savsebiT gamar-
Tlebulia, radgan arsebobs xelovnebisa da samarTlis
mTeli rigi analogiuri niSnebi. Tu mxatvruli Semo-
qmedebis cneba davas ar iwvevs, maSin arc `kanonSemoq-
medebis~ cneba unda iyos usafuZvlo. aq mokled vity-
viT, rom mxatvruli saxe da samarTlis norma mTeli rigi
analogiuri niSniT xasiaTdeba. Tu mecnierebaSi erTis
mecnieruli idea SeiZleba ganaviTaros meorem, mxat-
vrul SemoqmedebaSi es SeuZlebelia, radgan am sferoSi
`avtori~ imdenad personaluria, rom aq erTis mxat-
vrul ideas meore ver ganaviTarebs. Llado gudiaSvi-
lis Tu konstantine gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis sxvebis
mier ganviTareba SeuZlebelia. analogiurad, sisxlis
samarTlis sferoSi `avtori~ aris kanonmdebeli da mx-
olod mas SeuZlia ara marto Seqmnas sisxlis samarT-
lis kanoni, aramed cvlilebebi da damatebani Seitanos
masSi. aravis sxvas, garda kanonmdeblisa, am saqmianobis
dadgenili wesiT ganxorcieleba ar SeuZlia. meorec
samarTlis yoveli norma, iseve rogorc yoveli mxat-
vruli saxe, individualuri da ganumeorebelia, Tumca
analogiuri xasiaTis normebi xSiria. mesame, mxatvruli
Semoqmedeba sinamdvilis Semecnebis gareSe SeuZlebe-
lia, magram am SemoqmedebaSi mTavaria sinamdvilisadmi

38. 37
RirebulebiTi damokidebuleba, am sinamdvilis is Se-
faseba, romelic mxatvrul saxeSi gamoixateba. analo-
giurad, kanonmdebeli kanonis Seqmnas sinamdvilis
SemecnebiT, anu, qmedebis Semadgenlobis SeqmniT ki ar
iwyebs, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, imis SefasebiT, Tu
rogoria is qmedeba, romelic kriminalizaciis anu da-
naSaulad sakanonmdeblo kvalifikaciis obieqti xdeba.
miT ufro, rom kanonmdebelma qmedebis samarTlebrivi
Sefaseba marTlwinaaRmdegobis meSveobiT unda gamoxa-
tos. magram man kriminalizaciis aqtis srulyofilad
ganxorcielebisaTvis qmedebis sazogadoebrivi Sefase-
bac unda gamoiyenos. kerZod, qmedebis sazogadoebrivi
Sefaseba imas niSnavs, rom is aris `sazogadoebrivad
saSiSi~, xolo misi oficialuri wesiT kriminalizaciis
Sedegad igi fasdeba, rogorc `marTlsawinaaRmdego~.
amrigad, organizebuli danaSaulis cnebisa da krimi-
nalizaciis Sesaxeb problemis es mokle monaxazic ki
adasturebs, rom dasmuli problema gansakuTrebiT
rTulia, magram am problemas kidev ufro arTulebs
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRm-
deg gaeros zemoTdasaxelebuli konvenciis ramdenime
debuleba, romelic organizebuli danaSaulis krimi-
nalizaciis kriteriumebs Seexeba.
§ 2. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminalizaciis kri-
teriumebi transnacionaluri organizebuli dana-
Saulis winaaRmdeg gaeros 2000 wlis 12 dekembris kon-
venciis me-5 muxlis mixedviT (mokle komentarebiT)
Aaq, pirvel rigSi, dasaxelebulia zogierTi ganzrax da-
naSauli, misi mcdelobis an faqtobrivad Cadenis Mmiuxe-
davad, Tu: a) Sedga SeTanxmeba erT an ramdenime pirTan
mZime danaSaulis Casadenad, pirdapiri an arapirdapiri

39. 38
gziT materialuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT, Tu amas
iTvaliswinebs Sida kanondebloba; igulisxmeba erT-
erTi monawilis mier raime qmedebis faqtobrivi ganx-
orcieleba am SeTanxmebis realizaciisTvis, anda dam-
naSaveTa organizebuli jgufis monawileoba; b) ganxor-
cieldaqmedeba,rocasubieqtiacnobierebsdamnaSaveTa
organizebuli jgufis mizans an saerTo danaSaulebriv
saqmianobas, an jgufis ganzraxvas, Caidinos Sesabamisi
danaSaulebi, Tu igi amasTan aqtiur monawileobas iRebs
organizebuli jgufis danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi, an
organizebuli jgufis sxva saqmianobaSi, imis gacno-
bierebiT, rom misi monawileoba xels Seuwyobs danaSau-
lebrivi miznis ganxorcielebas; g) damnaSaveTa organi-
zebuli jgufis monawileobiT Cadenili mZime danaSau-
lis organizeba, xelmZRvaneloba, xelSewyoba, waqezeba,
Ddaxmareba an rCevis micema.
rogorc vxedavT, aq organizebuli danaSaulis krimi-
nalizaciis ramdenime niSania gamokveTili, magram
amjerad yuradRebas mivaqcevT im garemoebas, rom
qmedebis akrZalvisTvis sakmarisia erT an ramdenime
pirTan danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba mZime
danaSaulis Casadenad, imis miuxedavad, Cadenilia Tu
ara gamiznuli danaSauli an misi mcdeloba. isic sayu-
radReboa, rom aq xazgasmulia sakiTxi danaSaulis Ca-
denis Sesaxeb im piris mier, romelic axorcielebs da-
naSaulebrivi jgufis mizans, an am ukanasknelis ganz-
raxvas, Cadenil iqnes danaSauli. bolos, organizebuli
jgufi, konkretul SemTxvevaSi, uSualod SeiZleba arc
monawileobdes danaSaulSi, magram monawileobdes iseT
organizaciul saqmianobaSi, romelic xels Seuwyobs am
jgufis mier danaSaulis Cadenas. Mmokled rom vTqvaT,
aRniSnuli konvencia saxelmwifoebs aZlevs rekomen-
dacias, moaxdinon kriminalizacia danaSaulis Casa-

40. 39
denad pirTa jgufis SeTanxmebis momentidan, agreTve
danaSaulis CadenisTvis xelSewyobad CaTvalon orga-
nizebuli jgufis monawileoba raime sxva saqmianobaSi,
magaliTad, danaSaulis Casadenad raime organizaciuli
sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi (magaliTad, e. w. `kanonieri
qurdebis` TavyrilobaSi monawileoba maTi Semdomi dan-
aSaulebrivi saqmianobis efeqturi xerxebis SemuSavebis
an sxva taqtikuri sakiTxebis gadaWris mizniT).
garda amisa, am konvenciidan gamomdinareobs, rom or-
ganizebuli danaSauli danaSaulis Tanamonawileobis
erT-erT formas warmoadgens. amaze metyvelebs is gare-
moeba, rom am konvenciis me-5 muxlis erT-erTi qvepun-
qtis mixedviT, kriminalizacias eqvemdebareba organi-
zebuli jgufis formaSi mZime danaSaulis organizeba.
Aaq, rogorc Cans, laparakia danaSaulis organizatorze,
Tu am cnebas rusuli da qarTuli sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi tradiciebis mixedviT gavigebT; aqve saubaria orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis formaSi mZime danaSaulis Cadenis
xelmZRvanelobazec, waqezebazec da daxmarebazec. Aaq
gamoyenebulia termini `xelSewyoba,~ romelic TiTqos
`daxmarebis` sinonimia, magram ra vuyoT imas, rom `dax-
mareba~ calkea gamoyofili? Yyovel SemTxvevaSi, aq gam-
oyenebuli terminebi: mZime danaSaulis Cadenis `orga-
nizeba,~ `xelmZRvaneloba,~ `waqezeba~ da `daxmareba,~
rogorc wesi, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobaze mianiS-
neben. Eyovelive es ki, Cveni azriT, friad seriozul
siZneles qmnis, radgan organizebuli danaSauli, Tu is
Cveulebriv jgufur danaSaulSi ar agvereva, danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileobis tradiciul formebs ar emTxveva.
miT umetes, Tu organizebuli danaSauli struqturu-
li formis mqonea. rogorc Semdgom davinaxavT, organi-
zebul danaSaulSi, sul mcire, ori struqturuli day-
ofa mainc unda iyos, im angariSiT, rom am ori struqtu-

41. 40
ruli danayofidan konkretuli danaSauli erTma mainc
Caidinos. xsenebuli konvenciis me-2 muxlSi, terminTa
ganmartebisas, naTqvamia, rom organizebuli jgufi niS-
navs `struqturuli formis mqone, sami an meti pirisgan
Semdgar jgufs.~ cxadia, sami kacisgan Semdgari jgufi,
Tu is damoukideblad moqmedebs, sruqturuli for-
mis mqoned ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radgan, igi Semdgom
struqturul dayofas ar eqvemdebareba. maSasadame,
struqturuli forma, rogorc ukve iTqva, sul mcire,
or struqturul dayofas mainc gulisxmobs. igulisx-
meba, rom es, ase vTqvaT, `samkaciani~ jgufi sxva struq-
turuli organizaciis ganayofia, mis interesebSi moq-
medi da misive funqciis matarebelia. amis gamo sakmaod
rTulia danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesiT dakvali-
ficirdes organizebuli danaSauli da misi konkretuli
formebi. cxadia, organizebuli danaSauli danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis tradiciuli formebisgan mowyvetiT
ar arsebobs, magram arc am tradiciul formebze ar
daiyvaneba.
§ 3. danaSaulSi `aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis~
cnebadaorganizebulidanaSaulisbunebisproblema
arsebobs organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi konkretuli
formebi, rogoricaa: trefikingi, qurduli cxovre-
bis wesi da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, agreTve
fulis gaTeTreba. kerZod, ufro konkretulad unda
moxdes qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebisa da krim-
inalizaciis sxva kriteriumebis analizi. miT ufro,
rom `organizebuli danaSauli~ da `danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileoba,~ am mimarTebiT, igiveobrivi araa, radgan
organizebul danaSaulSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes iseTi,
romelic danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesiT dakvali-
ficirebuli ver iqneba. aseTia, magaliTad, e.w. `aucile-

42. 41
beli Tanamonawileobis~ formebi.14
aseTia, kerZod,
ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna, xelmZR-
vaneloba an masSi monawileoba (ssk-is 223-e muxli);
banditizmi (ssk-is 224-e muxli); masobrivi areuloba
(ssk-is 225-e muxli) da zogierTi sxva. kerZod, arse-
bobs danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis ramdenime forma.
pirveli, am mxriv, aris danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba
rolebis ganawilebiT (organizatori, wamqezebeli da
damxmare), magram Tanamonawileobis formiT SeuZle-
belia dakvalificirdes, magaliTad, banditizmi, an
masobrivi areuloba, radgan am saxis danaSaulSi faq-
tobrivi monawileoba iuridiulad amgvar kvalifika-
cias ar eqvemdebareba. kerZod, bandaSi rigiTi monawile
arc organizatoria, arc wamqezebeli da arc damxmare,
imis miuxedavad, rom bandaSi SeiZleba iyvnen meorex-
arisxovani wevrebic. es miT ufro iTqmis masobrivi
areulobis Sesaxebac, radgan aq danaSaulSi faqto-
brivi monawileobaa, xolo iuridiulad sakiTxi wydeba
sxvagvarad. magaliTad, masobrivi areulobis mxolod
momwyobi, xelmZRvaneli, anda aqtiuri wevri SeiZleba
iqnes micemuli sisxlisamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi. am
mimarTebiT Tanaamsruleblobis wesic Sesamowmebelia.
mokled gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT e.w. qurduli
samyaros wevrobis cnebas ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis mixed-
viT. aq arasworia gamoyenebuli cneba `kanonieri qur-
doba~, TiTqos qurdoba kanonieri SeiZleba iyos. cx-
adia, kanonmdebels mxedvelobaSi hyavs piri, romelic
qurdul samyaroSi dadgenili wesis mimdevaria, magram
ukeTesi iqneboda, Tu aq Seicvleboda rogorc ter-
mini (`kanonieri qurdoba~), ise am muxlis Sinaarsi. jer
erTi, qurduli samyaro, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia
14
o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
ganmarteba, Tb., 2008, gv. 192.

43. 42
organizebul danaSaulTan. amitomaa, rom e.w. `kanon-
ieri qurdis~ cneba organizebul danaSaulTan kav-
SirSi ganixileba. sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, qurduli
cxovrebis wesis aRiareba araa sakmarisi, rom qmedebis
Semadgenloba Camoyalibdes. kerZod, qurduli cxovre-
bis wesi gulisxmobs am cxovrebis wesis aqtiur propa-
gandas, amgvari cxovrebis wesis gavrcelebis mizniT
masSi mozardebis, axalgazrdebis Cabmas, qurdul gar-
Cevebs da e.w. `qurdul sasamarTlos~ da sxva (magalTad,
qurduli salaros Seqmna). yovelive es ki imdenad sa-
SiSia, rom am qmedebis kriminalizacia aucilebeli iyo
da rCeba aseTad. amitom am mxriv ufro zusti sakanon-
mdeblo Semadgenlobis Seqmnis mizniT mizanSewonili
iqneboda miTiTeba qurduli cxovrebis wesis Tundac
ramdenime mavne, ganuyrel niSanze, raTa am mxriv bolo
moeRos iseT spekulaciebs, rom qarTuli saxelmwifo
TiTqos ebrZvis ara danaSauls, aramed azrs, survils
da sxva amgvar subieqtur fenomenebs. es saWiroa imi-
sTvis, rom pasuxismgebloba qurduli cxovrebis wesis
xasiaTs daukavSirdes. es bolos da bolos, saWiroa imi-
saTvis, rom qurduli cxovrebis mimdevars hqondes misi
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba. es ukanaskneli
ki, rogorc cnobilia, bralis aucilebeli normatiuli
wanamZRvaria.
§ 4. qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba da
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis kriminal-
izaciis problema
qmedebis danaSaulad saxelmwifoebrivi kvalifikaci-
isaTvis, anu organizebuli danaSaulis kriminalizaci-
isTvis, vfiqrobT, arsebiTia qmedebis sazogadoebrivi
saSiSroebis kriteriumi. marTalia, sazogadoebrivi sa-
SiSroebis cneba farTod iyo gamoyenebuli danaSaulis

44. 43
materialuri daxasiaTebisTvis, danaSaulebrivi qmede-
bis SesaZlo formaluri gagebis da, Sesabamisad, Sesa-
Zloa ukanono msjavrdebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis, rac
am cnebis gamoyenebas amarTlebda kidec. magram, samwux-
arod, am cnebis gamoyenebas partiul-klasobrivi midg-
omis mizniTac iyenebdnen, ris gamoc is ideologiurad
brZolis frontis wina xazze moeqca. miT ufro, rom
sabWoTa kriminalistebi am ideologiur iaraRs moxerx-
ebulad iyenebdnen danaSaulis formaluri gansazRvre-
bisa da gagebis winaaRmdeg. danaSaulis cnebis amgvari
formaluri gansazRvreba, sabWoTa kriminalistebis
azriT, burJuaziul kriminalistebs danaSaulis cnebis
klasobrivi bunebis SesaniRbavad sWirdebodaT. isini
amiT TiTqos xazs usvamdnen burJuaziuli sazogadoe-
bis demokratiul xasiaTs, kerZod imas, rom rac kanoniT
ikrZaleba, _ is amave dros sazogadoebis nebas gamox-
atavs.
samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba yofil
sabWoTa kavSirSi ideologiuri xasiaTis fiqcia gax-
lavT, sabWoTa saxelmwifo ama Tu im qmedebis krimi-
nalizaciis dros am qmedebis TiTqos sazogadoebrivi
Sefasebidan amodis. sinamdvileSi ki kanonSemoqmedeba,
gansakuTrebiT sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi, saxelm-
wifos politikur-partiuli aparatisa da mmarTveli
biurokratiis suliskveTebiT xdeboda da am mxriv, sab-
WoTa sazogadoebas aravin arafers ekiTxeboda. amis
Sesaxeb prof. n. kuznecova, jer kidev 1977 wels werda,
roca igi exeboda sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoqmedebis
obieqtisa da principebis problemas. gansakuTrebiT Se-
maSfoTebeli aRmoCnda sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoq-
medebis iseTi principi, rogoricaa: demokratizmi, ese
igi, sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoqmedebaSi sazogadoe-
briobis monawileobis xasiaTi da formebi. imis sabuTad,

45. 44
Tu rogori iyo yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi sisxlis samar-
Tlis kanonSemoqmedebaSi sazogadoebriobis monawile-
obis xasiaTi, igi emyareboda iseT faqtobriv monacems,
rogorc iyo rsfsr sisxlis samarTlis 1960 wlis kode-
qSi ukanaskneli 14 wlis manZilze Setanili cvlilebebi.
irkveva, rom 1960 wlidan 1974 wlis CaTvliT Seicvala
daaxloebiT asamde norma.
avtori, am monacemebze dayrdnobiT, imiTac dainteres-
da, Tu vin iyo amodena sakanomdeblo cvlilebebis av-
tori. ssr kavSiris wamyvani saswavlo Tu samecniero-
kvleviT dawesebulebaTa (sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis
samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, moskovis saxelmwifo
universitetis sisxlis samarTlis kaTedra, peterbur-
gis, Soreuli aRmosavleTisa da sxva) TanamSromelTa
anketuri gamokiTxviT dadasturda, rom am cvlile-
bebSi dasaxelebuli dawesebulebebis mecnier-Tanam-
Sromlebs raime TvalSisacemi, aqtiuri monawileoba
ar miuRiaT. aqedan gamomdinare, avtori, TviTkritikis
saxiT, acxadebda, rom sabWoTa mecnier-kriminalistebi
sisxlis samarTlis normaTa maRali mecnieruli da-
muSavebiT ver daitrabaxeben. avtori marTebulad acxa-
debda, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanonis socialuri gapi-
robebis problemaze TiTqmis araferi iwereba.15
amrigad, aSkara xdeba, rom yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi kan-
onSemoqmedeba maSindeli wamyvani samecniero centre-
bisa da mecnier-iuristebisgan gverdis avliT xdeboda.
gasagebia, rom amgvar viTarebaSi sabWoTa mmarTveli
aparati da biurokratia kanonSemoqmedebis sferoSi
sabWoTa sazogadoebas arafers SeekiTxeboda. aqedan
gamomdinare, danaSaulis cnebis materialur gansaz-
RvrebaSi `sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba~ qmedebis TiTqos
15
Н. Ф. Кузнецова, Социальная обусловленноьсть уголовного закона,
`Правовые исследования“, Тб., 1977, стр. 42-43.

46. 45
sazogadoebriv Sefasebas gamoxatavda, xolo sabWoTa
saxelmwifo,calkeulqmedebaTakriminalizaciisdros,
TiTqos am sazogadoebriv Sefasebas iTvaliswinebda,
_ ideologiuri blefi gaxldaT da ara realoba. sxva
sakiTxia, Tu kriminalizaciisa da dekriminalizaciis
problemebi dResac aqtualuria, radgan maTi arsebiTi
mecnieruli Seswavla naklebad an saerTod ar xdeba. am
friad rTul da sadavo sakiTxebs aq dawvrilebiT ver
SevexebiT. aRvniSnavT mxolod imas, rom organizebuli
danaSaulis gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi saSiSroe-
ba davas ar unda iwvevdes, radgan am mimarTebiT `marTl-
winaaRmdegoba~ metismetad formaluria, maSin, roca
xsebuli danaSauli xelyofs ara mxolod erTi rome-
lime sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos ekonomikur, poli-
tikur Tu moralur safuZvlebs, aramed saerTaSoriso
marTlwesrigs, saxelwifoTa normalur urTierTobas
da safrTxes uqmnis RirebulebaTa im sistemas, romel-
sac msoflio sazogadoebrioba emyareba.
§O 5. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri daxa-
siaTebis cdebi saqarTveloSi
organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi
sainteresodaa warmoCenili erT-erT naSromSi, romelic
jer kidev adre gamoqveynda da `vardebis revoluciis`
Semdgomi viTareba masSi, rogorc Cans, asaxuli araa.
am naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom organizebuli danaSau-
lis problemas danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis prob-
lema ver amowuravs. aq naTqvamia, rom `Tanamonawileoba
xsnis mxolod funqciur damokidebulebebs da rolebs
jgufuri danaSaulebrivi qcevis meqanizmSi da arasak-
marisia organizebul danaSaulobasTan _ dakavSirebu-

47. 46
li danaSaulobebis swori kvalifikaciisaTvis.`16
ufro
saintereso iqneboda is, Tu ra zogadi niSnebia dam-
axasiaTebeli organizebuli danaSaulisTvis. am mxriv
mokled SevexebiT dasaxelebul naSroms:
1. organizebuli danaSauli SedarebiT mdgradi sis-
temaa;
2. sistema, am mimarTebiT, aris organuli erTianoba
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis uzrunvelsayofad;
3. organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi aqtiurad
ereva (ereoda adre saqarTveloSi (g. n.) politikaSi;
amjerad viTareba Secvlilia. cxadia, iyo agresiuli
separatizmis faqtebi (samaCablo, afxazeTi), igi arc
sxva regionSia gamoricxuli (magaliTad, javaxeTSi),
magram amjerad es ukve warsuls ganekuTvneba ( g. n).
Oorganizebuli danaSaulis konkretuli niSnebi:
1. jgufi ideologizirebuli araa;
2. arsebobs organizaciuli ierarqia;
3. Zaladoba an misi gamoyenebis muqara;
4. jgufis wevroba SezRudulia;
5. aralegaluri warmoebis Sedegad mogebis miReba;
6. mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa aralegaluri saqon-
liT da momsaxurebiT;
7. saxelmwifo moxeleebis korumpirebuli nawilis
gamoyeneba saqmianobis usafrTxoebisTvis;
8. monopolizmi specialur saqonelze da momsaxure-
baze, ganawilebaze;
9. jgufis SigniT profesiuli specializacia;
10. konspiraciuloba;
11. saqmianobis dagegmva grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi.
Umecnierebi ufro konkretul niSnebsac asaxeleben:
16
kriminologia, T. wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005.

48. 47
1. magaliTad, gamokveTili organizaciuli struqtura;
2. konspiracia;
3. socialuri kontrolis gansakuTrebuli sistema
(dazverva da kontrdazverva);
4. mniSvnelovani materialuri saxsrebi;
5. saqmianobis gafarToeba da swrafva monopolizacii-
saken;
6. organizebuli danaSaulis liderTa mier antisa-
zogadoebrivi ideologiis gavrceleba;
7. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi myofTa mimarT
daxmareba;
8. `gandgomilTa~ mimarT dasjis mkacri zomebi;
9. TavianTvis sasargeblo kanonebis lobireba;
10. damaSinebeli xmebis gavrceleba.
amave naSromSi nacadia klasifikacia organizebulobis
mixedviT: meore rigis organizacia _ saSualo donisaa,
jgufi myaria, or-sam kaciani qvestruqturiT. mesame
rigisa _ `kanonieri qurdebis~ tipisaa. Mmoqmedebs xan-
grZlivad. Lliderebis didi zegavleniT.
rac Seexeba politikuri partiis formiT Seqmnil orga-
nizebul jgufs, cxadia, saqarTveloSi viTareba arsebi-
TadaaSecvlili.MmagramvidredRevandelsaqarTveloze
visaubrebdeT, mokled DSevCerdebiT ruseTSi organize-
buli danaSaulis problemebze. am mizniT visargeblebT
organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb ornawiliani masal-
iT, romelSic `mrgvali magidis` egidiT, e. w. dialogis
wesiT, gadmocemulia Sexedulebani jer kidev sabWoTa
ruseTis ukanasknel periodSi arsebuli viTarebis Ses-
axeb (1989 w).

49. 48
§ 6. organizebuli danaSaulis problema sabWoTa kav-
Siris miwuruls
organizebuli danaSaulis problema mTeli simZaf-
riT dadga yofili sabWoTa kavSiris miwuruls, ker-
Zod, 1988-1989 wlebSi, roca sabWoTa kriminalistebi da
kriminologebi, agreTve maSindeli samarTaldacviTi
organoebis warmomadgenlebi, ukve veRar malaven, rom
organizebulma danaSaulma mTeli sabWouri sistema
moicva. es is epoqaa, roca sabWoTa sazogadoeba da sax-
elmwifo Rrma da yovelmxriv krizisSia Cafluli da ga-
mosavali mxolod yofili sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevaa.17
rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSauliTaa dezorga-
nizebuli MmTeli sabWoTa imperia: Eekonomika, gacvla,
ganawileba, vaWroba, _ yvelaferi organizebul krim-
inalTa xelSia. ukve aSkarad acxadeben, rom organize-
buli danaSauli sazogadoebis produqtia. Llaparakia
e. w. `mrgvali magidis~ garSemo Tavmoyril solidur
pirebze, romlebic ukve Tamamad saubroben sabWoTa
sazogadoebis winaaRmdegobebze da sabWoTa saxelmwi-
fos politikur ryevebze. Oaq motanilia cnobebi moral-
urad gaxrwnil adamianebze, maT devizze: `gamoiyene so-
cializmis naklovanebani, raTa icxovro komunizmSi.~
xolo, am etapze organizebul danaSaulTa sistemaSi
gamoirCevian danaSaulebrivi liderebi, rogorc umaR-
lesi kastis warmomadgenlebi, gansakuTrebiT kanon-
ieri qurdebi, romlebic qcevis zogad wessa da xazs
amuSaveben da qmnian danaSaulebriv dajgufebebs (gv.
12-13.). isini awyoben e. w. Sexvedrebs, yrilobebs, kre-
bebs, romelTac aqvT organizaciul-mmarTvelobiT-ma-
koordinebeli xasiaTi. Aam SexvedrebSi monawile pirebi
konkretul danaSaulebriv qmedebebs ar sCadian, xolo
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi mxolod konkretul dana-
17
Организованная преступность, М., 1989.

50. 49
Saulebriv qmedebas iTvaliswinebs, organizatorebi ki,
kanonis miRma rCebian. Uufro metic, es pirebi aSkarad
gamoxataven cxovrebis im wess, romelic legaluri ver
iqneba. maT xelSia didi odenobiT materialuri saxsre-
bi, xolo, es, Tavis mxriv, qmnis politikur pretenziebs,
xelSi Caigdos saxelmwifo xelisufleba (gv. 16-17). MmiT
ufro, rom ekonomikis sferoSi danaSaulis Camden pir-
Ta 80% warmoeba-dawesebulebis Tanamdebobis pirebia.
1986-1988 wlebSi gamovlinda 50 aseTi Rrmad konspiri-
rebuli jgufi. Aaq saxezea Tanamdebobis korumpire-
bul pirTa kavSiri organizebul danaSaulTan. Aaq ukve
laparakoben sabWoTa mafiazec (gv. 20-21).
laparakia ori cnebis gansxvavebaze: 1. organizebuli
danaSauli da 2. danaSaulis organizebuloba. saubari
iyo danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis niSnebzec.
danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba pirTa myari gaerTianebaa,
romelsac aqvs ramdenime niSani: saerTo amocanebis ga-
dasawyvetad finansuri baza; ierarqiuli struqtura;
rolebis mkveTri ganawileba, rac movaleobaTa ganawile-
basac niSnavs; mkacri disciplina, romelic sakuTar
wesebs emyareba da dumilis kanons moicavs ( gv. 24-25).
aq laparakia kanonieri qurdebis dausjelobis Sesax-
ebac. motanilia saqarTvelos magaliTi, roca 80-iani
wlebis Sua xanebSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa samin-
istrom Caatara masStaburi operacia kanonieri qur-
debis pasuxisgebaSi misacemad, amasTan, axali tipis
kanonieri qurdebisa, romlebic danaSaulobis xarjze
parazitobdnen, magram ara danaSaulze. 1986 wlis Sua
ricxvebSi msjavrdebuli iqna am titulis 52 adamiani.
sainteresoa, ra SeeracxaT maT bralad? 4 maTgani gasa-
marTlda administraciuli zedamxedvelobis wesis

51. 50
darRvevisTvis, 9 _ mawanwalobisTvis da sxva parazit-
uli cxovrebisTvis, 14 _ iaraRis ukanono tarebisTvis,
19 _ narkotikebTan ukanono operaciisTvis (ssr ssk-is
252-e muxli. gv. 39).
gasagebia, rom arc erTi `kanonieri qurdi~ organizebu-
li danaSaulisaTvis pasuxisgebaSi micemuli ar yofila.
aq isicaa naTqvami: Znelia pasuxisgebaSi misce piri
imisTvis, rom is materialurad exmareba patimrobaSi
myof pirs da mis ojaxs; an imisTvis, rom danaSaulis am-
srulebels darTos neba, naqurdali xarjos ZviradRi-
rebul restoranSi, daisvenos kurortze, sul didi _
es pirebi daisajon daxmarebisaTvis, magram ara dana-
Saulis organizebisTvis.
rogorc Cans, sazogadoeba ise gaixrwna, rom fulad-
sasaqonlo urTierTobis sagani xdeba Tanamdebobebi,
wodebebi, jildoebi, partiuloba, marTlmsajuleba, da
es yvelaferi dafarulia sxvadasxvagvari demagogiiT.
swored am faqtebze yalibdeba momwamvleli ideologi-
uri Sedegebi _ nacionalizmi, Sovinizmi, usulguloba,
momxmarebloba, anarqia da a.S. ( gv. 78-77).
laparakia Crdilovan ekonomikaze, imaze, rom ukanonod
brunavs miliardebi, xolo, danaSaulebrivma dajgufe-
bebma gavlenis sferoebisaTvis daundobeli brZola
daiwyes (gv. 85). isev da isev msjeloben kanonier qur-
debze, romlebic dausjelad parazitoben organize-
bul danaSaulobaze, awyoben legalur Sexvedrebs, asa-
marTleben maTi kodeqsiT im pirebs, vinc policiasTan
TanamSromlobaSia mxilebuli (gv. 108-109).
aq motanilia faqtebi, roca sisxlis samarTlis kod-

52. 51
eqsi iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas sxvadasxva saxis
organizebuli danaSaulisTvis, magaliTad, banda, Tav-
isuflebis aRkveTis adgilebze dezorganizaciisTvis,
magram roca laparakia mafiaze, romelic aerTianebs da-
naSauls ekonomikis sferoSi (datacebebi, meqrTameoba,
xelisuflebis borotad gamoyeneba), maTTvis kanoni ar
aRmoCnda. Aarada, im droisTvis, rogorc Cans, cxovre-
bis wesad iqca saqmosnoba, Zaladoba, Zaladobis muqara,
dawiokebebi, roca bavSvebis gatacebis muqariT iZule-
bulni iyvnen gadaecaT maTTvis qonebrivi sargebeli,
xolo aman kidev ufro gaamwvava viTareba sxvadasxva
klanebs Soris.
kanonieri qurdebis Taobaze policias aqvs cnobebi:
isini ikribebian, wyveten danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis
sakiTxebs, qmnian salaros, konfliqtebis gadasaWrelad
_ qurdul sasamarTlos (yvelaze ufro avtoritetuli
kanonieri qurdebisagan). aq iqmneba ucnauri viTareba:
gamoiyofian pirebi, romlebic konkretul danaSauls
ar sCadian, magram iReben gasamrjelos organizebuli
jgufis wevrTa konsolidaciisTvis, Semdgom saWiro
gaxda marTvis sistema, ierarqia, Sinagani moqmedebis
normebisa da pasuxismgeblobis zomebis SemuSaveba,
wevrebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, Tanamdebobis
pirTa mosyidva da Cabma, xolo yvelaze ufro avto-
ritetulni qmnian elitas. A
organizebuli danaSauli adamianTa didi nawilis cx-
ovrebis wesi xdeba (gv. 119-120).
organizebuli danaSaulis politikuri Sedegebi: xdeba
saxelmwifos marTvis konstituciuri formebis de-
valvacia. liderebi saxels utexen oficialur struq-
turebs, isini TiTqos samarTlianobis dasamyareblad

53. 52
moqmedeben. meorec, diskreditacias uweven oficial-
ur struqturebs da amtkiceben, rom marTavs simdidre,
fuli; saqme icvleba fulis diqtaturiT. (gv. 120-121);
axali tipis kooperativebi ukanono Semosavlebis gaTe-
Trebis sfero aRmoCnda. danaSauli – sakmaod bevri so-
cialuri jgufis cxovrebis wesi gaxda (gv. 141).
danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis
kanonis gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli xdeba. rogor SeiZleba
daisaxos samarTaldamcav organoebTan urTierTobis
zogadi strategiis SemuSaveba, an saerTo salaros Seqm-
na da gankargva, qurduli sasamarTlo; qurdebSi miRe-
buli normebis dacva, Tundac danaSaulebrivi gziT
miRebuli Tanxis ganawileba, _ yvelaferi es xom am da-
naSaulebrivi dajgufebis marTvis sferos ganekuTvne-
ba? (gv. 165). A
arc erTi erTi sisxlis samarTlis saqme am adamianebze
ar aRZrula (gv. 166).
arada, advilad SeiZleboda qurduli cxovrebis wesis
elementebis dadgena, maTi sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis
Sefaseba, rom maTi qmedeba yofiliyo danaSauli _ miT
ufro ideologiuri fonidan gamomdinare, rogorc es
mogvianebiT moxda saqarTveloSi.
sainteresoa isic, rom kanonieri qurdebis mimarT Tana-
monawileobis normebs ver iyenebdnen (gv. 167). qurduli
cxovrebis wesi iyo danaSaulebrivi da is unda yofili-
yo akrZaluli.
am SemTxvevaSi principi igivea: konkretul saqmosanTa
gamo Sejaxeba anu konfliqti, xolo Semdeg piramidis
momdevno sarTulis mosamarTlis mier maTi SeTanxmeba.
amasTan, naTelia, rom rac ufro maRalia sarTuli, miT

54. 53
ufro Sorsaa amgvari mosamarTle iuridiuli pasux-
ismgeblobisgan (gv. 172-73).
am tipis organizebul danaSaulTa liderebi sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan Sors Aarian Dda
amitom ase xangrZlivad inarCuneben mdgomareobas.
Mmotanilia monacemebi, roca bankSi 280 miliardidan 50
miliardi muTaqebSia, qurdebis wili 33 miliardi mane-
Tia (gv. 210-211).
aseTi mdgomareoba ideologiurad wamlavda axalgaz-
rdobas, xrwnida sazogadoebas. ideologiuri gaxrwnis
nimuSebi ideali sisulelea.Mnaklebad ifilosofose.
Ggaxsovdes, rom cxovrebaSi mTavaria fuli. yvela qur-
dobs da patiosneba donkixotobaa, sindisi moZvelebu-
li cnebaa, qrTami cudi terminia, nu iyeneb am termins,
icxovre da mieci saSauleba sxvebs, icxovron. rac ufro
mets qurdob, meti iyvire sifxizlis Sesaxeb. daixsome:
dauWereli qurdi – qurdi araa. kanoni amaSi mogexmare-
ba (gv. 212-213).
organizebul danaSaulze saubris dros unda iyos or-
ganizatori, struqturuli ierarqia, erTiani mizani,
rolebis ganawileba, danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis sagani
(gv. 260-261).
rac Seexeba mosazrebas kanonis Sesaxeb, aq winaaRmde-
gobrivi msjelobebia. erTi mxriv, Cveulebrivi Tana-
monawileobis wesiT saqme ver wydeba, magram danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianeba TiTqos Tanamonawileobis formiT
xdeba (gv. 274-275). aris Tu ara danaSaulebrvi dajgufe-
ba Tanamonawileobis forma?
aris winadadeba, rom Camoyalibdes danaSaulebrivi

55. 54
gaerTianeba Semdegnairad: `danaSaulebriv gaerTiane-
bad CaiTvleba ori an meti piris myari, mtkice gaer-
Tianeba, romelic winaswar iqna organizebuli mZime
danaSaulis Casadenad~ (gv. 275). s. diakovi: `jer erTi,
amgvari organizebuli jgufi Tanamonawileobis wesiT
ver daisjeba. aq Zneli iqneba wamqezeblis da damxmaris
gamoyofa. miT ufro, Tu kanonieri qurdia _ aq is faq-
tobrivad organizatoria, magram iuridiulad is mainc
calkea, rogorc dajgufebis xelmZRvaneli. am mxriv sain-
teresoa italiis kanonmdeblobis analizi~ (gv. 280-281).
b.emelianovi cdilobs TanamonawileobiT gavides fons
(gv. 296). asaxelebs banditizms, rac, Cveni azriT, Tana-
monawileobis formas ar warmoadgens.
diskusiaSi, samwuxarod, mxedvelobaSi miRebuli araa,
rom danaSaulis Cadena zogadad SeuZlebelia. magali-
Tad, emelianovi ayalibebs normas, romlis Tanaxmad,
piri pasuxs agebs zogadi danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bisaTvis (gv. 288). Ggaugebaria, romeli danaSaulis Semad-
genlobaa.
saqme isaa, rom danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis erT-erT
saxed miCneulia kanonieri qurdebis Tavmoyra, magram aq
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesi ar moqmedebs, rad-
gan yoveli kanonieri qurdi aris amsrulebelic, or-
ganizatoric da wamqezebelic. qurduli ideologiis
danergvaSi yvelas Tavisi wili aqvs da pasuxismgebloba
Tanamonawileobis tradiciuli wesiT ar nawildeba.
damaxasiaTebelia, rom n. struCkovi ayalibebs normebs
jgufuri danaSaulis Sesaxeb da xazs usvams imas, rom
jgufur danaSaulSi yvela monawile amsrulebelia,
xolo amsrulebelTa Soris SeiZleba gamoiyos organi-

56. 55
zatori (gv. 323-324). gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga
kanonieri qurdebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis problema. iTqva, rom yvelaze didi saSiSroebiT
xasiaTdebian organizebuli danaSaulis umaRlesi eSel-
onebi. maTi koordinirebuli moqmedeba gansakuTrebiT
saSiSia, magram maTi es moqmedeba arc erTi moqmedi
normiT ar kvalificirdeba. es imiT aixsneba, rom isini
organizebas uweven ara danaSauls, aramed damnaSaveo-
bas. kerZod, sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar
eqvemdebareba arc is, rom vinme Tavs am samyaros wevrad
miiCnevs, arc is, rom qurdul salaroSi gadairicxeba
asobiT aTasi da zogjer milionobiT maneTi; arc is, rom
isini monawileoben qurdul SexvedrebSi, sadac wydeba
qurduli samyaros strategiuli da taqtikuri sakiTx-
ebi, arc koordinaciuli qmedebani, arc is, rom isini
amuSaveben samarTaldacviT organoebTan maTi damok-
idebulebis sakiTxebs, maT Soris saxelis gamtexi dem-
agogiiT _ ar isjeba (gv. 333). amitom iyo gamoTqmuli
mosazreba yvela am qmedebis dasjis Taobaze (gv. 333).
organizebuli danaSauli _ meore nawili, 1993. aq
motanilia cnobebi, romlebic kanonieri qurdebis aq-
tiurobaze metyveleben. Aarasruli monacemebiT, reg-
istrirebul iqna qurduli garCevis 305 SemTxveva, ma-
Sin rodesac 1991 wels iyo 144. mokluli iqna 123 kaci,
daWril iqna 280. garCevebSi sul monawileoba miiRo
2339 adamianma.18
damaxasiaTebelia, rom 1990 wlisTvis gadasinjul iqna
policiis TanamSromlebisa da yofili Cinovnikebis
sisxlis samarTlis saqme maTi pasuxismgeblobisagan
gaTavisuflebis mizniT, xolo aman korufciuli dana-
Sauli kidev ufro gaamwvava.19
gamosavals eZeben organizebuli danaSaulis cnebaSi
18
Организованная преступность, II часть. М., 1993. стр 26.
19
iqve, gv. 32.

57. 56
maTi calkeuli gamovlinebebis gareSe,20
rac imaze me-
tyvelebs, rom aq jer kidev ar ician, Tu rogor xdeba
danaSaulis Cadena?
am droisaTvis organizebuli danaSauli politikur
miznebs isaxavs da ukavSirdeba terorizms, romelic
politikuri brZolis meTodi xdeba. igi sul ufro
masStaburi xdeba da ukavSirdeba politikur eqstrem-
izms. iwyeba farTo masStabiT yidva-gayidva iaraRisa da
narkotikisa.21
a. dolgova aqac svams kiTxvas, ra konkretuli forme-
biT vlindeba organizebuli danaSauli, ra qmedebebSi
gamoixateba igi da ra RonisZieba unda davupirispiroT
maT. Aavtori asaxelebs organizebuli danaSaulis oTx
mTavar niSans: 1. winaswari SeTanxmeba; 2. danaSaulebri-
vi saqmianobis dagegmva; 3. danaSaulebrivi rolebis
ganawileba; 4. pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis daRwevis me-
Todebi da xerxebi. avtori aseve axasiaTebs organize-
buli danaSaulis mraval formas, magram sainteresoa,
ra ganasxvavebs amaTgan ufro maRal danaSaulebriv
dajgufebebs, romlebic saqmianobis specifikuri xerx-
ebiT gamoirCevian.22
am sakiTxze avtoris msjelobidan Cans, rom mas ainter-
esebs ufro zogadi da maRali forma organizebuli
danaSaulisa, rogoricaa, danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba.
Aaq ufro imazea laparaki, rom am dajgufebebSi didad
zrunaven maTi qcevis normebze, maT ideologiaze, usa-
frTxoebaze, dazvervasa da kontrdazvervaze da a.S. am
tipis organizebuli danaSaulisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-
lia Semdegi:
20
Организованная преступность, dasax. naSromi, gv. 36.
21
iqve, gv. 50-53.
22
iqve, gv. 99.

58. 57
1. arsebobis simyare da xangrZlivoba;
2. danaSaulebrvi saqmianobis programireba cvaleba-
di socialuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve,
socialuri kontrolisa da kanonierebis mdgomare-
obis mixedviT, Tavis saqmianobaSi samecniero-teqni-
kuri miRwevebis gamoyeneba;
3. maqsimaluri mogebis miRebis mizani da am miznis mis-
aRwevad oficialuri struqturebis gamoyeneba;
4. wevrebs Soris funqciebis gamijvna, roca zogadi
organizaciuli saqmianoba da konkretuli danaSau-
lebrivi qmedeba erTmaneTs ar emTxveva;
5. saerTo materialuri faseuloba, qcevis saerTo
normebi da maTdami morCileba.
6. sakuTari uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofa, rac gulisx-
mobs oficialuri saxelmwifo organoebis neitral-
izacias, mosyidvas, rac organizebuli danaSaulisa
da korufciis mWidro kavSirze miuTiTebs. Aavtori
ar uaryofs jgufur datacebebs, jgufur kontra-
bandas, magram fiqrobs, rom maT ukan dgas farTo
masStabis danaSaulebrivi organizacia23
.
s. vaniuSkini xazs usvams imas, rom kanonieri qurdebi,
miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi maTgani sasjels ixdis,
gavlenas axdenen TavisuflebaSi myof kanonier qurde-
bze. organizebul danaSaulSi aRsaniSnavia eTnikuri
momentic. magaliTad, CeCnuri dajgufeba ruseTSi24
.
arseboben e. w. gastroliorebi, romlebic sxvadasasxva
adgilas sCadian danaSauls, maT Soris kanonier qur-
debTan kavSirSi25
.
organizebul danaSauls kavSiri aqvs sazRvargareTis
danaSaulebriv organizaciebTan (magaliTad, impor-
23
Организованная преступность, dasax. naSromi, gv.102-103.
24
iqve, gv. 106-108.
25
iqve, gv. 108.

59. 58
tuli avtomanqanebis qurdoba. qarTuli da amerikuli
mafiebis (koza-nostra) kavSiri sakredito operaciisa
TaRliTuri gziT26
.
kanonieri qurdebi sul 276 adamiani iyo. maT gamoyo-
fili hqondaT garkveuli teritoria, ZiriTadSi Tav-
moyrilni iyvnen moskovSi, sadac iyo maTi centri da
mimdinareobda maTi kurTxeva27
.
kanonieri qurdebi aqtiurad uweven propagandas qur-
dul kanonebs, tradiciebs, xolo amas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba, gansakuTrebiT 90-ian wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris
dangrevis Semdeg, roca axali juris kriminalebma
kanonier qurdebTan mitmasnva da maTi avtoritetiT
sargebloba daiwyes28
.
Butenini aRniSnavs, rom yuradRebas iqcevs qurduli
salaro. isini gansxvavdebian daniSnulebisa da Tanxis
moculobis mixedviT. magaliTad, kirovSi sami aseTi
salaro gaixsna, romelSic gadaricxul iqna 3, 4 an 5 mil-
ionamade maneTi. salaros xelmZRvaneloben warsulSi
nasamarTlevi pirebi. es salaroebi Seivsebian danaSau-
lebrivi gziT mopovebuli fuladi saxsrebiT, zonebi-
dan, azartuli TamaSebidan mogrovili TanxebiT.
irkutskSi, imis gamo, rom iq moqmedebda qarTuli da
rusuli dajgufeba, ramdenime salaro Seiqmna. qarTul-
ma dajgufebam xuTi salaro Seqmna: 50-dan 30 milion
maneTamde. rusulma dajgufebam ki 300-400 aTasi maneTi
gadaricxa. am Tanxebis nawili kanonieri qurdebis piro-
biT vadamde gaTavisuflebas moxmarda.Mmagram ufro sa-
SiSi iyo am salaroebis legalizacia, komerciul saqmi-
anobaSi am fulis gamoyeneba _ kazinoebis, miwebis Se-
syidvisTvis da sxva. amis gamo yoveli mesame kriminali
26
Организованная преступность, dasax. naSromi, gv. 110.
27
iqve, gv. 111.
28
iqve, gv. 111.

60. 59
– biznesmeni xdeba29
.
i. adaSkeviCi gamoyofs organizebuli danaSaulis Sem-
deg niSnebs: 1. Rrma konspiracia da dumilis kanoni;
2. sisxlis samarTlis kanonisa da saproceso kanonis
xarvezebis gamoyeneba. pasuxismgeblobis diskretulo-
bis principis moqmedeba, ese igi erTi romelime jgufis
likvidacia ar iwvevs sistemis moSlas. xelisuflebis
korumpirebul pirebTan kavSiri; wevrebis Sinagani usa-
frTxoeba; farTo gaqaneba da saqmianobis didi masStabi.
masobrvi informaciebis saSualebebis mosyidva30
. M
isev da isev aqcenti keTdeba Tanamonawileobaze. magal-
iTad, a. beliavi sisxlis samarTlis kanonis zogad
nawilSi ayalibebs normas, romelic danaSaulebriv or-
ganizacias moicavs. misi azriT, zogadi nawilis normaSi
danaSaulebrivi organizacia ase SeiZleba Camoyalib-
des: `danaSaulebriv organizaciad (dajgufebad) CaiT-
vleba pirTa myari jgufi, romelic struqturulad da
funqcionalurad daniSnulia danaSaulis sistemat-
urad CadenisTvis.`
jer erTi, ase zogadad da abstraqtulad danaSaulis
Cadena ar xdeba, raRac konkretuli forma unda iyos
gamokveTili. meorec, gaugebaria, aris Tu ara aq Tana-
monawileoba? romeli formis? avtori laparakobs or-
ganizatorze, magram ucnobia aq rolebi nawildeba Tu
adgili aqvs Tanaamsruleblobas?
SemTxveviTi araa, rom avtori iZulebulia kerZo nawil-
Si Camoayalibos norma, roca piri qmnis danaSaulebriv
organizacias an xelmZRvanelobs mas.
29
Организованная преступность, dasax. naSromi, gv. 112.
30
iqve, gv. 118-119.

61. 60
§ 7. organizebuli danaSaulis problema postsabWo-
ur sivrceSi
sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevisa da postsabWouri sistemis
Camoyalibebis Semdeg kidev ufro mwvaved dadga orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis problema, radgan ukve araviTar
eWvs ar iwvevda metad saSiSi da dRiTi-dRe mzardi re-
aloba iseTi danaSaulisa, romelsac organizebuli
xasiaTi aqvs. saqme ukve Seexeboda ara am tipis danaSau-
lis miCqmalvas, rasac garkveuli ideologiuri motive-
biT adgili hqonda yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi, aramed,
piriqiT, mis gamovlenas da Seswavlas. Uukve cxadi gaxda,
rom sazogadoebas saqme aqvs iseT saSiS gamowvevasTan,
rogoricaa organizebuli danaSauli. aq ukve sakmarisi
ar iyo Jurnalisturi paTosiT gamsWvaluli `mrgvali
magidebi` da calkeul sensaciebze agebuli emociuri
bWobani, romelTac Cven ukve gavecaniT. saWiro iyo Rrma
mecnierul klevaze damyarebuli daskvnebi, raTa am
mxriv efeqturad amoqmedebuliyo tradiciuli samarT-
lebrivi xerxebi da meTodebi, romlebic organizebul
danaSauls daupirispirdebodnen. Aam mxriv bevri ram iTq-
va da daiwera. zogierT maTgans aq mokled SevexebiT.
erT-erT kriminologiuri tipis naSromSi, rogorc
Cans, ufro dinji bWobis Sedegad, iTqva, rom organize-
buli danaSauli aris damnaSaveobis erT-erTi rTuli,
saSiSi saxe, romelic xelyofs sazogadoebis ekonomi-
kur, politikur, samarTlebriv Tu zneobriv sferos.
amis miuxedavad, irkveva, rom msoflio kriminologiaSi
jer kidev araa SemuSavebuli organizebuli danaSaulis
cneba. marTalia, aris cdebi am danaSaulis cnebis Camo-
yalibebisa, magram, rogorc Cans, es iseTi zogadia, rom
igi kanonmdebels ar gamoadgeba. dasaxelebul saxelmZ-
RvaneloSi ki nacadia am tipis danaSaulis niSnebis gamo-
yofa da analizi.31
am mxriv, pirveli niSania pirTa gaer-
31
dasax. naSromi, Криминология, М., 1977.

62. 61
Tianeba sistematuri danaSaulebrivi saqmianobisTvis.
Aaq aSkaraa organizebul danaSaulSi monawileTa ier-
arqia, maTi urTierTdaqvemdebareba da mkacri disci-
plina ruseTis damnaSaveTa samyaros mier dadgenili
qcevis normebis SesrulebaSi. jgufSi Zalaufleba Tav-
moyrilia erT an ramdenime lideris xelSi. rac Seexeba
monawileebs, maTi ricxvi xuTidan ramdenime aseulamde
da zogjer aTasamdec meryeobs.
rac Seexeba danaSaulebrivi jgufis organizebulobis
xarisxs, is damokidebulia rogorc socialur, ise ekono-
mikur, Tu geografiul faqtorebze. Ggarda amisa, jgufis
SigniT gamoiyofian, magaliTad, e. w. `boevikebi,~ dacvis
samsaxuri, dazvervis, finansuri momsaxurebis da sxva.
aq ukve naxsenebia danaSaulebrivi organizacia, romel-
sac, Tavis mxriv, aqvs Semdegi niSani: 1.saerTo materi-
aluri baza, saTanado safinanso angariSebiT Tu uZravi
qonebiT; 2. oficialuri safari daregistrirebuli
sawarmos, kooperativis, kazinos da sxvaTa saxiT; 3. xe-
lmZRvanelobis kolegialuri organo, romelSic Ta-
nasworobis sawyisebze monawileoben; 4. organizaciis
saqmianobis wesdeba, misi darRvevisTvis reagirebis
zomebiTurT; 5. ierarqiuli funqcionaluri sistema,
qvesistema, maTi koordinacia centrTan da regionTan;
6. gansakuTrebuli enobriv-cnebobrivi sistema, Jargo-
ni, metsaxelebi da sxva; 7. informaciuli baza (dazverva
da kontrdazverva); 8. Tavisi xalxi xelisuflebis, sasa-
marTlo da samarTaldacviT organoebSi.
Aaq danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis gansakuTrebul for-
mad aRiarebulia e. w. kanonieri qurdebis gaerTianeba.
Akanonieri qurdebis Sesaxeb specialistebma didxans
araferi icodnen, raSic mTavari iyo da aris am tipis

63. 62
danaSaulis Zalian maRali konspiracia, mkacri krimi-
naluri tradiciebi, maTi dacvis gansakuTrebuli
wesebi, rac danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis am formas
organizebulobis formas aniWebs. sadReisod 800-ze
meti adamiania gaerTianebuli. Tanamedrove kanonieri
qurdi _ es danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis organizato-
ria, romelic Tavis saqmianobis ZiriTad sferod irCevs
rekets, qurdobas, TaRliTobas. Tumca irkveva, rom am
tipis kriminalebs Soris moxda garkveuli ideologi-
uri ganxeTqileba imis gamo, rom axali tipis qurdebi
amyareben kavSirs xelisuflebis korumpirebul war-
momadgenlebTan, rac qurdul kanons ar Seesabameba.
Zvelebi axlebs adanaSauleben imaSi, rom isini xelisu-
flebis korumpirebuli warmomadgenlebis damcvelebi
gaxdnen, xolo axlebi Zvelebs imaSi adanaSauleben, rom
isini cxovrebas CamorCnen da mas fexi ver auwyves.
organizebuli danaSaulis meore mTavar niSnad
dasaxelebulia misi ekonomikuri safuZveli, rac am ti-
pis danaSaulis ZiriTadi warmmarTveli motivia. orga-
nizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis wevrebis mxriv
kanonis darRvevas is mizani aqvs, rom danaSaulebri-
vi gziT miaRwion gamdidrebas, daagrovon kapitali.
ufro metic, organizebuli danaSaulobis umravle-
soba swored im mizniT Seiqmna, rom miiRon didi mogeba.
am tipis danaSaulis Sedegad saxelmwifosTvis, kerZo
seqtorebisa Tu sxva komerciuli organizaciebisTvis
miyenebuli zarali milionobiT da miliardobiTac ki
izomeba. am uzarmazar fulad mogebas Tan axlavs sxva
iseTi danaSauli, rogoricaa: ukanono Semosavlis le-
galizacia, didi odenobiT ukanono operaciebi sazR-
vargareTis bankebSi da sxva.
organizebuli danaSaulis mesame niSnad miCneulia ko-

64. 63
rufcia, romelic Tanamedrove ruseTis sinamdvileSi
aris socialur-politikuri movlena. korufcia, am mi-
marTebiT ubralod qrTamis aRebas ki ar niSnavs, aramed
saxelmwifo moxeleebis gaxrwnas da maT mosyidvas, gad-
agvarebas. Asaintereso isaa, rom korufcia mxolod an-
garebis motiviT ar ikvebeba. mas garkveuli politikuri
sarCulic udevs imdenad, ramdenadac xelisuflebaSi
mosvlis mizani gulisxmobs iseTi adamianebis mozidvas,
romlebic momavali saxelmwifo Cinovnikis erTguli mx-
ardamWerebi iqnebian.
saqme isaa, rom saxelmwifos korumpirebuli moxeleebi
iyidebian saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi interesebis
winaaRmdeg, isini mfarveloben organizebuli danaSau-
lis liderebs, mis wevrebsac, amarageben maT saTanado
dokumentebiT, danaSaulTa samyarosTvis saWiro in-
formaciiT, zewolas axdenen danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg
mebrZol patiosan muSakebze. ufro metic, krinimolo-
giuri kvleviT dadasturda, rom mafiozuri jgufis
yvela wevri saxelmwifos korumpirebul moxeleebTan
iyo Sekruli.
bunebrivia, rom organizebuli danaSaulis sazogadoe-
brivisaSiSroebagansakuTrebulia,radganigiaramarto
ekonomikur zians ayenebs saxelmwifos, sazogadoebas,
kerZo biznesis sferos da calkeul pirTa interesebs,
aramed, moralur-politikur ziansac, uaryofiTad mo-
qmedebs axalgazrdobaze, mis moralur principebze.
amas rom Tavi davaneboT, organizebuli danaSauli ar
ifargleba mxolod erTi qveynis (vTqvaT, ruseTis)
teritoriiT, radgan igi ukavSirdeba sxva saxelmwifo-
Ta ekonomikur saqmianobas, sazRvargareTis qveynebis
biznesisa da saqmiani wreebis warmomadgenlebs, xolo

65. 64
yovelive es, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs organizebuli da-
naSaulis internacionalizacias, mis transnacionalur
xasiaTs, ris gamoc brZola organizebul danaSaulTan
kidev ufro rTuldeba.
organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb kidev ufro sain-
teresodaa msjeloba i. antonianis naSromSi, romelic
leqciebis kursis saxiTaa gamocemuli. aq organize-
buli danaSauli warmodgenilia, rogorc Cadenili
xelobis saxiT, rogorc didi xnis ganmavlobaSi moq-
medi da romelic batonobs garkveul teritoriaze,
Tumca Tanamedrove pirobebSi, saxelmwifoTa ekonomi-
kuri kavSirebis kvalobaze, organizebuli danaSaulic
globalur xasiaTs iZens da, amdenad, brZola masTan
kidev ufro Zneldeba. Aarc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom gaer-
Tianebuli erebis organizaciam araerTgzis gaamaxvila
yuradReba organizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis
RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb.
literaturaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia imazec, rom
organizebuli danaSauli, ase vTqvaT, wminda saxiT ki ar
arsebobs, aramed gadajaWvulia mTel rig ekonomikur
saqmianobasTan, romelsac, rogorc aseTs, kanonieri
forma aqvs, magram am saqmianobis meTodebsa da xerxebSi
gamoyenebulia kriminalisTvis damaxasiaTebeli saqmi-
anobis wesic (Zaladoba, daSineba, korufcia, bazris mo-
nopolizmi da a.S.).32
avtori adasturebs im zogad tendencias, rom organi-
zebuli dana Sauli izrdeba rogorc ruseTSi, ise mTels
msoflioSi. Ees, avtoris azriT, imiTac aixsneba, rom
danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi gamoyenebulia uaxloesi
teqnologiuri da teqnikuri miRwevebi, saerTaSoriso
kavSirgabmulobisa Tu satransporto saSualebani,
32
Ю. М. Антонян, Криминология, Избр. Лекций, М., 2004, стр. 363.

66. 65
turizmi da saerTaSoriso gadazidvebi. Aamis niadagze
ara marto iSleba zRvari da gansxvaveba saxelmwifoTa
Soris, aramed iqmneba yovlismomcveli saerTaSoriso
bazari.
avtoris azriT, organizebuli danaSauli SeiZleba
davyoT or did jgufad. jer erTi, am tipis krimina-
lebis erTi jgufi sCadis banditur Tu yaCaRur Tav-
dasxmebs, mkvlelobebs, ris gamoc maTi gamovlena da
mxileba Zneli araa. meorec, organizebuli danaSaulis
nawili gadajaWvulia ekonomikur saqmianobasTan da
amdenad kargad aris SeniRbuli ise, rom garegnulad
gamoiyureba sakmaod maRali rangis politikosebTan
da biznesmebebTan `megobrul kavSirad,~ ris gamoc am
ukanasknelTa mxileba sakmaod rTulia. mesame, ganasx-
vaveben e. w. eTnikuri tipis organizebul danaSauls,
romelSic upiratesad gaerTianebulia erTi eTnikuri
warmomavlobis kriminalebi, romlebic sCadian iseT da-
naSauls, rogoricaa, magaliTad, narkotikiT vaWroba,
trefikingi, terorizmi da sxva.
danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba, romelic organizebuli
danaSaulis sistemaSi iazreba, Tavis YTavSi moicavs
agreTve seqsualuri xasiaTis qmedebebs, romelTac ukve
prostituciis forma aqvT da gulisxmobs garyvnilebis
budis mowyobas, suttobas da sxva amgvari amoraluri
xasiaTis saqmianobas.33
organizebuli danaSaulis problema ganxilulia krimi-
nologiuri xasiaTis sxva naSromebSic. erT-erTi aseTia
avtorTa koleqtivis mier Seqmnili naSromi, romelSic
saTanadodaa gaTvaliswinebuli am mxriv sazRvarga-
reTis qveynebis gamocdileba. kerZod, organizebuli
33
Ю. М. Антонян, Криминология, Избр. Лекций, М., 2004, стр. 368.

67. 66
danaSaulis wevrebi cdiloben Seerwyan sazogadoebas
imgvarad, rom maTTan brZola kidev ufro rTuli iyos.
am TvalsazrisiT organizebuli danaSauli emyareba
saxelmwifos oficialur struqturebs, sazogadoe-
briv organizaciebs, fondebs, legaluri ekonomikis
sxvadasxva formebs. gasagebia, rom organizebuli da-
naSauli am mimarTebiT iyenebs saqmianobis iseT xerxs,
rogoricaa: korufcia, xelisuflebis warmomadgenel-
Ta diskreditacia, SantaJi, muqarebi, arasasurveli
pirebis fizikuri Camocilebac ki.34
yovelive amis gamo iqmneba axali socialuri viTareba:
sazogadoeba ukve mometebuli kriminogenobiT xasiaT-
deba. ufro metic, organizebuli danaSauli ukve kon-
trols uwevs funqcionerebs politikaSi, sazogadoe-
brivi cxovrebis ekonomikur, socialur Tu sulier
sferoebs. saqme iqamdec midis, rom sazogadoebis mniS-
vnelovani nawili organizebul danaSaulSia Cabmuli,
xolo organizebuli danaSauli, Tavis mxriv, yalibde-
ba sazogadoebis qvestruqturad, rogorc garkveuli
`kriminaluri sazogadoeba,~ Ggarkveuli azriT, `po-
tenciuri saxelmwifo saxelmwifoSi, ` rogorc es Sei-
Zleba iTqvas e. w. `kanonier qurdebze~. aq ukve aSkaraa
kriminaluri samyaros garkveuli ierarqia, romelic
aiZulebs kriminaluri samyaros am warmomadgenlebs,
ibrZolon am ierarqiis umaRlesi safexuris dakave-
bisTvis an SesanarCuneblad, raTa kasturi dajgufebis
ukiduresad qveda zRvars miRma ar aRmoCndnen. Yyove-
live es didi msxverplis fasadac jdeba. es garemoeba
metad arsebiTia imisaTvis, rom sworad iqnes gagebuli
yoveli tipuri kriminalis, gansakuTrebiT, `kanonieri
qurdis` kriminaluri sazogadoebisadmi sakuTari per-
sonis mikuTvnebisaTvis brZolisa da amis gamo saxelm-
wifos oficialuri struqturebisadmi dapirispirebis
34
Криминология, Учебник для вузов, М., 2005, стр. 526.

68. 67
sazrisi. magram ufro saintereso isaa, rom iseT rTul,
gardamaval periodSi, rogoric iyo sabWoTa sistemis
ngrevidan axal sistemaze gadasvla, kidev ufro iZabeba
sazogadoebrivi cxovreba. saxelmwifos xelmZRvanele-
bi, e. w. eris liderebi (qarTulad rom vTqvaT, `eris
mamebi~ g. n.) xalxs TviTgadarCenis viTarebaSi agdeben,
xolo kriminaluri sazogadoebebi am viTarebaSi erTg-
varad amsubuqeben TviTgadarCenisTvis adamianTa didi
nawilis brZolas im azriT, rom es kriminalebi ukve mza
formiT axvedreben am TviTgadarCenisTvis brZolis da-
naSaulebriv xerxebsa da meTodebs. erTi SexedviT, es
dadebiTi momenti, sazogadoebas Zalian Zvirad ujdeba
imis gamo, rom sazogadoebis es nawili kanons miRma aR-
moCnda, xolo is, visac TviTgadarCenisTvis am brZola-
Si TiTqos gaumarTla da igi danaSaulebrivi gziT didi
qonebis patroni gaxda, faqtobrivad, am qonebasa da mis
dacvas Seewira. igulisxmeba iseTi viTareba, roca ada-
mianebi danaSaulobasTan brZolis kanonier formebs ki
ar mimarTaven, aramed, danaSaulebriv TviTgasworebebs,
SekveTil mkvlelobebs, biznesis dadgenili wesis dar-
Rvevebsa da partnioris uzneo gadagdebisTvis dasjis
ukanono, danaSaulebrivi xerxebs.35
yovelive is, rac organizebuli danaSaulis fenomenis
Sesaxeb aq iTqva, ase vTqvaT, realuri faqtebis aRweraa
imasTan SedarebiT, razec cota qvemoT aris saubari.
kerZod, aq Sefasebulia sabWoTa sistemis dangrevis
kvalobaze e. w. privatizaciis damangreveli Sedegebi,
ruseTisTvis sazRvargareTidan Tavsmoxveuli glo-
balizaciis politika, romelmac ruseTis erovnul
interesebs kolosaluri ziani miayena. SefasebiTi mo-
nacemebiT, am privatizaciis Sedegad ruseTis ekonomi-
kas ornaxevarjer meti zarali miadga, vidre, sabWoTa
kavSirs meore msoflio omSi da es zarali, 1995 wlis
35
Криминология, Учебник для вузов, М., 2005, стр. 530.

69. 68
fasebiT, Sefasda 9549 trilion maneTad.36
amrigad, imisi winaswari gaTvlis gareSe, Tu ra Sedegs
gamoiRebda ruseTSi dasavleTis demokratiuli sazoga-
doebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sabazro ekonomikis
principebis meqanikuri, saTanado sakanondeblo bazis
da rigi sxva makontrolebeli sistemis gareSe danergva
ruseTs, agreTve e.w. postsabWouri sistemis qveynebs,
Zvirad daujdaT. gamonaklisi am mxriv arc saqarTvelo
iyo, radgan xelovnurad daCqarebel privatizaciis
process, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, mTeli Taobebis Sro-
miT dagrovili qonebis usamarTlo gadanawileba gamoi-
wvia, xalxma `prixvatizacia~ SemTxveviT ar uwoda. rom
ara axali saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba da mozomili re-
formebi, saqarTveloc iseTive dReSi iqneboda, rogor-
Sic ruseTia dRes. Aaq sakmarisi iqneboda imisi Tqma, rom
saqarTveloSi organizebuli danaSaulis tradiciu-
li formebi, rogorc Semdgom davinaxavT, N (qurduli
tradiciebi, fulis gaTeTreba, trefikingi) TiTqmis
suls Rafavs, maSin, rodesac organizebuli danaSauli
ruseTSi am qveynis erT-erT erovnul ubedurebadaa
miCneuli. isic aRiarebulia TviT rusi kriminologebi-
sa da kriminalistebis mier, rom ruseTSi organizebuli
danaSaulis erT-erTi mZlavri faqtori totaluri ko-
rufciaa, romlis daZleva xangrZlivi procesia.37
cxadia, organizebuli danaSauli msoflios mravali wa-
myvani qveynis problemaa, magram am mxriv yvela saxelm-
wifos misTvis damaxasiaTebeli problema aqvs. ruseTSi
organizebul danaSauls kvebavs ara mxolod korufcia,
aramed rigi sxva faqtori, rogoricaa, magaliTad, nar-
kotikiT, iaraRiT vaWroba, fulis gaTeTreba, xolo,
36
Криминология, Учебник для вузов, М., 2005, стр. 536.
37
Криминогенные процессы в современном российском обществе:
причины, динамика, перспективы, Краснодар, 2009, стр. 100.

70. 69
TviT danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba profesiuli xasiaTi-
saa. korufcia ki mainc wamyvania, radgan ruseTSi ad-
gili aqvs TviT samarTaldacviTi organoebis TanamS-
romelTa mosyidvas, raTa danaSauli gauxsneli darCes,
didi odenobiT uyofen fulad saxsrebs, raTa ukve aR-
Zruli sisxlis samarTlis saqme Sewydes, xolo kidev
ufro aRmaSfoTebeli isaa, rom isini mkvlelobebSic ki
iReben monawileobas.38
yovelive es uzneoba da danaSauli, Tavis mxriv, ikvebe-
ba TviTgadarCenis ideologiiT, romelSic material-
uri moTxovnileba sWarbobs suliers, roca samarTal-
dacviTi organoebis rigi warmomadgeneli ara marto
mfarvelobs ukanono saqmianobas biznesis sferoSi, ar-
amed TviTonac uwevs konkurencias sxvadasxva banditur
organizaciebsac ki.39
yovelive amis gamo, mosaxleobis
didi nawili samarTaldacviT organoebs undoblobas
ucxadebs, xolo organizebul danaSaulTan brZola
aseT pirobebSi, cxadia, efeqturi ver iqneba. miT ufro,
roca aRiarebulia, rom ruseTis samarTaldacviTi or-
ganoebis warmomadgenelTa didi nawili kriminalurad
gadagvarda, kvebavs da xels uwyobs organizebuli da-
naSaulis zrdas, masobrivi samarTlebrivi nihilizmis
damkvidrebas, aseT pirobebSi organizebul danaSaulze
kontroli ki, arsebiTad SeuZlebeli xdeba.40
sayuradReboa kriminologiuri xasiaTis erT-erTi naS-
romi, romelSic nacadia imisi garkveva, Tu ras gamox-
atavs termini `organizebuli danaSauli,~ radgan igu-
lisxmeba, rom saqme Seexeba danaSaulebriv qmedebas,
romelsac masSi monawile araerTi piris gamo, ubralod
38
Криминогенные процессы в современном российском обществе:
причины, динамика, перспективы, Краснодар, 2009, стр.115.
39
iqve, gv. 117.
40
iqve, gv. 128.

71. 70
jgufuri xasiaTi ki ara aqvs, aramed organizebulic.
Aaqedan gamomdinare, igulisxmeba erToblioba im da-
naSaulisa, romelsac organizebuli, ese igi, winas-
wargansazRvruli, myari, mtkice, erTmaneTze damokide-
buli struqtura aqvs.
aq naTqvamia, rom organizebul danaSauls axasiaTebs
pirTa jgufis mier danaSaulis Cadena Tanamonawileo-
biT. Mmagram yoveli jgufuri danaSauli da danaSaule-
brvi jgufi ar SeiZleba iyos organizebuli. jgufuri
danaSauli organizebulia mxolod maSin, Tu mas aqvs
organizebulobis niSnebi: kerZod, Tu danaSaulebriv
jgufs aqvs garkveuli mizani, garkveuli struqtura,
masSi monawile pirTa funqciebis ganawilebiT, infor-
maculi arxi da sxva.41
am mxriv ruseTSi asaxeleben organizebuli danaSaulis
or saxes: organizebul jgufebs, anu danaSaulebriv or-
ganizaciebs da organizebuli jgufebis gaerTianebas.
Oorganizebul danaSaulebriv jgufs axasiaTebs myari
kavSiri, erTi an ramdenime danaSaulis Casadenad
winawardasaxuli mizani; masSi monawile pirTa krimi-
naluri Cvevebi da tradiciebi, xolo es danaSaulebrivi
organizebuli jgufi zogjer SeiZleba Sevides ufro
didi masStabis danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi. M
A
§ 8. organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli analizi
organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli analizis prob-
lema gulisxmobs im sakiTxis dasmasa da raRacnair gad-
aWras, anu pasuxs kiTxvaze, Tu raa am metad saSiSi da-
41
Криминология, Учебник для вузов, под ред. В.Д. Малькова, М., 2006,
стр. 403.

72. 71
naSaulebrivi saqmianobis obieqti. cxadia, `danaSaulis
obieqtis~wmindarusuligagebakiargvaqvsmxedveloba-
Si, rogorc wminda sociologiuri cneba, aramed `sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtis` cneba, romelic
iuridiuli azrovnebis wess gamoxatavs. imas, Tu romeli
obieqti unda iyos daculi sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT,
wyvets kanonmdebeli sisxlis samarTlis kanonis for-
maSi. sazogadoebrivad saSiS qmedebaTa zogierTi kate-
goria sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT ikrZaleba, ris gamoc
sazogadoebrivi urTierToba, romelic SeiZleba xely-
ofil iqnes antisazogadoebrivi qmedebiT, ukve daculi
xdeba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT da amdenad es urTier-
Toba ukve `sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqts~ war-
moadgens. miT ufro, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis pirveli muxlis mesame nawilis Tanaxmad,
`am kodeqsis mizania danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Tavidan
acileba da marTlwesrigis dacva.~ Aaqedan gamomdinare,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ZalaSi
Sesvlis momentidan saxelmwifosa da pirovnebas Soris,
maT Soris, zogierTi kategoriis (rogorc wesi, kerZo
samarTlis) iuridiuli piris formaSic, danaSaulTa
Tavidan acilebis gamo warmoiqmneba sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi urTierToba, romelic saxelmwifos winaSe am
subieqtebis pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis gamoxatvis
iuridiul formas warmoadgens.
amrigad, arsebobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis
obieqti, romelsac xelyofs danaSauli. meorenairad
rom vTqvaT, `danaSaulis obieqtis` tradiciul cnebas
win uswrebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtis
cneba. aqedan gamomdinare, dgeba sakiTxi imis Taobaze,
Tu raa organizebuli danaSaulis obieqti? sakiTxis
aseTi dasmac ki metyvelebs, rom organizebuli dana-
Sauli, ase abstraqtulad da zogadad gaugebaria, Tu

73. 72
ar gavamaxvileT yuradReba organizebuli danaSaulis
gamovlenis formebze. saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi or-
ganizebuli danaSauli vlindeboda `kanonieri qurde-
bis` gaerTianebiT, trefikingiT, fulis gaTeTrebiT,
romelic sustdeba da terorizmis formaSi. gasagebia,
rom organizebuli danaSaulis am formebidan erTi maT-
gani uSualod xelyofs sazogadoebriv wesrigs (qurdu-
li samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba (ssk-is 2231
-e
muxli); trefikingi (ssk-is 1431-
e muxli) uSualod xely-
ofs adamianis uflebas, mis Tavisuflebas da Rirsebas.
Ffulis gaTeTreba xelyofs araerT interess, magram
gansakuTrebiT _ Tanasworobas sameurneo saqmianobis
sferoSi, xolo terorizmi _ sazogadoebisa da saxelm-
wifos usafrTxoebis safuZvlebs.42
amrigad, organizebuli danaSaulis xelyofis obieq-
tis problema aSkarad avlens sisxlissamarTlebrivi
dacvis im obieqts, romelsac kanonmdebeli ama Tu im
qmedebis kriminalizaciis dros iRebs mxedvelobaSi.
Aamitom ruseTis sisxlissamarTlebrivi azris mcdelo-
ba, organizebuli danaSauli warmoadginos zogadad,
misi gamovlenis konkretuli formebis gareSe, sworad
da efeqturad ver CaiTvleba da metad Sorsaa danaSau-
lis Cadenis im meqanizmisgan, romlis Sesaxeb Cven jer
kidev 2000 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi aRvniSneT.43
am
naSromSi, SeZlebisdagvarad, vasabuTebdiT im debule-
bas, rom danaSaulis Cadena zogadad da rogorc aseTi,
ki ar xdeba, aramed ama Tu im danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis gziT. amdenad, arse-
42
g. goraSvili, eTnikur-separatistuli terorizmis gan-
viTarebis safrTxeebi saqrTveloSi da misi profilaqtikis
gzebi, Tb., 2010.
43
g. naWyebia, qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zogadi
Teoria, Tb., 2000.

74. 73
bobs organizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis konkre-
tuli formebi, xolo am formebs Semadgenlobis ufro
konkretuli saxeoba axasiaTebs.
mokled SevexebiT organizebuli danaSaulis subieqte-
bis sakiTxsac. A mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs `danaSaulobis~
kriminologiuri cneba, roca saxezea am danaSaulobis
faqtobrivad Camdeni pirebi, imis miuxedavad, iuridi-
ulad dadasturda Tu ara am pirebis mier am tipis dana-
Saulis Cadena. saqme exeba kanonier qurdebs, reketio-
rebs, trefikingis sferoSi mosaqmeebs, fulis gamTeT-
reblebs, teroristebs da sxva. cxadia, organizebuli
danaSaulobis subieqtebSi xSiria biznesis kanonieri
formebis miRma arsebuli saqmosnebis ukanono saqmi-
anoba, winaT nasamarTlebi pirebis Tavmoyra organize-
buli danaSaulobis Casadenad da sxva.
am poziciidan dgeba sakiTxi organizebuli danaSau-
lis obieqturi mxaris, anu, obieqturi Semadgenlobis
problemac. rogorc cnobilia, nebis garegani aqtis ga-
reSe aranairi danaSauli ar arsebobs, magram SemCneu-
lia, rom am mxriv organizebul danaSauls garkveuli
Tavisebureba axasiaTebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT metad
sainteresoa samarTlis doqtoris g. Todrias statia,
romelic organizebuli danaSaulis cnebasa da Semad-
genlobas Seexeba. kerZod, avtori mimoixilavs Sexed-
ulebebs organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb, yuradRebas
amaxvilebs sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi gabatonebul
debulebaze, rom danaSauli nebis garegani aqtia. Mmagram
sainteresoa, sakmarisia Tu ara es debuleba organize-
buli danaSaulis mimarT. avtori mxedvelobaSi iRebs
zogierTi rusi kriminalistis mosazrebas, rom orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis cnebas da formebs, obieqturi
mxriv, Seesabameba ara qmedebis tradiciuli gageba, ar-

75. 74
amed danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis cneba, xolo saqmiano-
bis kriminologiuri gageba gulisxmobs am saqmianobis
subieqtur mxaresac. Aavtoris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
`saWiroa organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi konstruq-
ciis SemoReba, sadac subieqturi elementi (mizani) war-
moadgens umarTlobis ganmsazRvrel niSans.~44
vfiqrobT, kriminologiuri TvalsazrisiT sakiTxi swo-
radaa dasmuli, radgan organizebuli danaSaulobis
formaSi saqme marTlac Seexeba ara mxolod qmedebas,
rogorcnebisgareganaqts,romelicsisxlissamarTlis
sferoSi kanonierebis sagarantio funqcias gamoxata-
vs, aramed ori an meti piris erTobliv danaSaulebriv
saqmianobas, romelic garkveuli subieqturi elementis
gareSe marTlac warmoudgenelia. Aaq ukve fsiqologia,
qcevis tradiciuli cnebiTa da misi formebiT, sakma-
risi araa da problema socialur urTierTobaTa sf-
eroSi gadadis. erTis mxriv, saqme Seexeba saxelmwifosa
da pirovnebis sisxlissamarTlebriv urTierTobas,
romelic danaSaulTa Tavidan acilebis mizans emsax-
ureba, xolo meore mxriv, urTierTobas organizebuli
danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrebs Soris, agreTve urT-
ierTobas danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrebsa da Cveu-
lebriv moqalaqeebs Soris, radgan, es ukanasknelni,
rogorc wesi, danaSaulis msxverplis rolSi gamodian.
amrigad, mas Semdeg, rac saxelmwifom akrZala organize-
buli danaSaulis iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa: trefik-
ingi, qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba,
fulis gaTeTreba da sxva. am danaSaulTa Camdeni yvela
SesaZlo piri xdeba valdebuli, moqmedebdes marTl-
44
g. Todria, danaSaulobis organizebuli formirebis zogi-
erTi sakiTxi, parlamentis mrCevelTa damoukidebeli sabWos
uwyebani, samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali, 1997, E# 3, gv. 1-2.

76. 75
zomierad da qmnides marTlwesrigs, magram saqme isaa,
rom marTlzomieri qmedebis Casadenad marTlzomieri
qmedebis valdebulebis Segneba sakmarisi araa. saWiroa,
rom subieqti marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebulebas
moekidos pasuxismgeblobiT, ese igi am valdebuleb-
is aRsrulebis Sinagani ganwyobiT. es imas niSnavs, rom
saxelmwifos winaSe pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis idea
qmnis saxelmwifosa da moqalaqis urTierTobis ideas,
radgan pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba danaSaulTa Tavidan
acilebisgamowarmoSobilisisxlissamarTlebriviurT-
ierTobis formaSi vlindeba. Aamdenad, sisxlis samarTlis
subieqti, maT Soris, iuridiuli piris formaSi, valde-
bulia moqmedebdes marTlzomierad da mowodebulia am
valdebulebas moekidos pasuxismgeblobiT.
samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis praqtika adas-
turebs, rom rigi adamianebisa arRveven marTlzom-
ieri qmedebis valdebulebas da, maSasadame, moqmede-
ben marTlsawinaaRmdegod. magram qmedebis marTlwi-
naaRmdegoba danaSaulis germanuli modelis mixedviT,
romelic saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSia gamoxatuli, danaSaulis
meore elementia. danaSaulis mesame elements ki brali
warmoadgens. samwuxarod, bralis problema sakmaod
abneulia da am Temaze amjerad diskusias ver gavmar-
TavT. Mmokled aRvniSnavT, rom bralis fsiqologiuri
Teoria, rogorc qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subi-
eqtis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, brals fsiqologiaSi
eZebs, maSin, roca brali qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gareSe SeuZlebelia, xolo marTlwinaaRmdegoba, cxa-
dia, fsiqologiur cnebasa da problemas ar warmoad-
gens. miT ufro SeuZlebelia organizebuli danaSaulis
problema marTebulad aixsnas bralis fsiqologiuri
Teoriis safuZvelze, radgan, sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT,

77. 76
qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis fsiqikur
damokidebulebas arc gaufrTxileblobaa mowyvetili,
xolo organizebuli danaSauli bralis mxolod ganz-
raxi formiT xorcieldeba.
bralis normativistuli Teoria, romelic, rogorc
wesi, gabatonebulia germanul literaturaSi, gulisx-
mobs wminda Sefasebas, gakicxvas Tu gasakicxobas, maSin,
roca brali subieqtis gakicxvis safuZvelia. am pozici-
idan ufro marTebulad gveCveneba bralis warmoCena
socialuri filosofiis kategoriad, roca brali gage-
bulia pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri as-
peqtebis kavSiris formad. kerZod, adamianis pirovneba
mowodebulia, Tavis normatiul movaleobas moekidos
pasuxismgeblurad, magram, samwuxarod, is iSviaTad ar
moqmedebs upasuxismgeblod, anu, braleulad, xolo es
upasuxismgebloba negatiuri pasuxismgeblobis safuZ-
velia. brali aris socialuri filosofiis kategoria,45
xolo sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi igi SeiZleba ganisaz-
Rvros, rogorc marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebuleb-
isadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba,
romelic sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebu-
li marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadeniT gamoixateba.
bralis formebad tradiciulad iTvleba ganzraxva da
gaufrTxilebloba. Gganzraxva aris saxelmwifos winaSe
subieqtze dakisrebuli pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis
Segnebuli uaryofa, xolo gaufrTxilebloba, am pasux-
ismgeblobis ugulebelyofas warmoadgens. saqme isaa,
rom pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba, anu normatiulad
dadgenili movaleobisadmi pasuxismgebluri damokide-
buleba SeiZleba iyos koleqtiuri, ese igi, SesaZlebe-
lia, rom am movaleobas, ori an meti piri, erToblivi
45
ufro dawrilebiT ix. g. naWyebia, brali rogorc socialuri
filosofiis kategoria, Tb., 2001.

78. 77
saqmianobis dros, moekidos pasuxismgeblobiT. aqedan
gamomdinare, logikuria daskvnac, rom ori an meti piri,
erToblivi saqmianobis dros, SeiZleba moiqces upasux-
ismgeblod, anu braleulad.
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im garemoebas, rom gaufrTx-
ilebloba windaxedulobis normis safuZvelze sabuT-
deba, xolo windaxedulobis normis moTxovnebisadmi
damokidebuleba mkacrad personaluria, maSin gasage-
bia, rom ori an meti piris erToblivi gaufrTxilebeli
moqmedeba SeuZlebelia. am sferoSi, rogorc praqtika
adasturebs, ori an meti piris erToblivi qmedebisas,
erTma SeiZleba mSvenivrad Seignos misi qmedebis xasi-
aTi, gaiTvaliswinos am qmedebis mosalodneli Sedege-
bi, xolo meorem, romelic pirvelTan erTad saqmianobs,
SeiZleba yuradReba sxva rameze gadaitanos. amitomaa,
rom SesaZlebelia e. w. SualobiTiY amsrulebloba, roca
erTi piri iyenebs meoris uyuradRebobas, raTa mas da-
naSauli gaufrTxileblobiT Caadeninos. Aaqedan gamom-
dinareobs, rom ori an meti piris erToblivi saqmianoba
SeiZleba mxolod ganzrax, roca Segnebulia rogorc
qmedeba, ise misi SesaZlo Sedegebi, agreTve saqmeSi
monawile pirebi.
erTi sityviT, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba, maT So-
ris, organizebul danaSaulSi, xdeba bralis mxolod
ganzraxi formis safuZvelze. ori an meti piris er-
Toblivi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobisas aSkaraa, rom
Segnebuladaa uaryofili saxelmwifos winaSe TiToeu-
li maTganis pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba, rac maTi Tan-
abraleulobis (ese igi, Tanaupasuxismgeblobis) safuZ-
velia. SemTxveviTi araa, rom Oori an meti piris erTobli-
vi danaSaulebrivi qmedebisas `Tanamzraxvelis` cnebas
xSirad iyeneben, rac `Tanabraleulobis` sinonimia.

79. 78
Ggasagebia, rom Tanabraleulobis cneba ki Aar gamoricx-
avs, aramed piriqiT, gulisxmobs erTiani Tanabraleu-
lobis farglebSi jgufis yoveli wevris bralis gan-
sxvavebul xasiaTsa da xarisxs, rac imazea damokide-
buli, Tu ra rols da ra intensivobiT asrulebs igi
mas. maSasadame, bralis ganzraxi forma ar gamoricxavs
Tanabraleulobas, Tumca, gansxvavebuli xasiaTiTa da
xarisxiT, xolo negatiuri pasuxismgebloba mkacrad
personaluria da emyareba rogorc qmedebis, ise moqme-
dis erTianobas.
A
§ 9. organizebuli danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi aspeqtebi
organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri niSnebi
sakmao sisruliT ganvixileT, Tumca araa gamoricxuli,
rom sakiTxi, am mxriv, kidev ufro dazustdes. Mmagali-
Tad, organizebuli danaSaulis problematikaSi sain-
tereso iqneboda ara marto mizezobrivi kavSiris Tav-
isebureba (magaliTad, Tu rogor kvebavs organizebul
danaSauls korufcia), aramed e. w. funqciuri kavSir-
ic, radgan, jer erTi, organizebul danaSauls Tavisi
funqcia aqvs, da meorec, organizebuli danaSaulobis
wevrebsac gaaCniaT TavianTi kriminaluri funqciebi,
rac maTi qmedebis kvalifikaciisTvis metad arsebiTia.
mokled ganvixiloT organizebuli danaSaulis sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi. sakiTxi exeba organizeb-
uli danaSaulis cnebasa da niSnebs ruseTis federaciis
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT.
am mxriv yuradRebas iqcevs ruseTis federaciis sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis 35-e muxli, romelSic gaTva-
liwinebulia danaSaulis Cadena jgufis mier winaswari
SeTanxmebis gareSe, winaswari SeTaxmebiT, organizebu-

80. 79
li jgufis anu danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mier.
am muxlis mesame nawilis Tanaxmad, danaSauli organi-
zebuli jgufis mier Cadenilad CaiTvleba, Tu is Cade-
nilia erTi an meti danaSaulis Casadenad winaswar
gaerTianebul pirTa myari jgufis mier. am debulebis
safuZvelze sakmaod Znelia erTmaneTisgan gavmijnoT
danaSaulis Cadena pirTa jgufis mier winaswari SeTanx-
mebiT da organizebuli jgufi, romelic Tavisi organi-
zebulobis xasiaTisa da xarisxiT aRemateba pirTa Cveu-
lebriv gaerTianebas. am sakiTxze sworadaa gamaxvile-
buli yuradReba erT-erT naSromSi, romelic organi-
zebuli danaSaulis problemebs eZRvneba.46
am krebulSi
sainteresoa m. minenokis statia, romelSic organize-
buli danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebrivi problemebia
ganxiluli. Aavtori marTebulad aqcevs yuradRebas im
garemoebas, rom ruseTis 1996 wlis 24 maisis sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 35-e muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT,
winaswari SeTanxmebiT pirTa jgufisa da organizebuli
jgufis gamijvna Znelia. Mmisi azriT, aq gamijvnis mTa-
vari kriteriumi aris simyare, magram rusi kanonmde-
beli, avtoris azriT, am termins ar ganmartavs. avto-
ri imowmebs rusul iuridiul literaturaSi sakmaod
gavrcelebul mtkicebas, rom winaswari SeTanxmebiT
pirTa jgufisa da organizebuli jgufis mTavari gan-
masxvavebeli niSani isaa, rom am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi
arsebobs jgufis organizatori an xelmZRvaneli. Oor-
ganizatori qmnis jgufs, arCevs jgufis wevrebs, anawi-
lebs maT Soris rolebs, xolo xelmZRvaneli uzrune-
lyofs jgufis moqmedebas mTlianobaSi (magaliTad, l.
gauxmanis mosazreba). M
46
Oрганизованная преступность: уголовно-правовые и криминологи-
ческие проблемы, Сборник научных трудов, Калининград, 1999.

81. 80
Cveni azriT, m. minenoki sworad aRniSnavs, rom organi-
zatori an xelmZRvaneli araa gamoricxuli winaswari
SeTanxmebiT moqmedi jgufuri danaSaulis drosac ki,
roca jgufis romelime wevri Tavis Tavze iRebs jgufis
organizatoris an xelmZRvanelis funqcias. ufro met-
ic, aRniSnuli avtori akritikebs mkvlelobis saqmeebze
ruseTis federaciis uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumis
1999 wlis 27 ianvris dadgenilebas, romelSic organize-
buli jgufi ganmartebulia rogorc ori an meti piris
mier Semdgari organizebuli jgufi, romelic erTi an
meti piris mkvlelobis ganzraxviT Seiqmna.
avtori sworad ganmartavs, rom am dadgenilebaSi winas-
wari SeTanxebiT pirTa jgufi arafriTaa gamijnuli or-
ganizebuli jgufisgan, radgan Zneli dasajerebelia,
rom Sedges winaswari SeTanxmeba or an met pirTa Soris
danaSaulis Casadenad da igi moklebuli iyos danaSau-
lis CadenisTvis aucilebel momentebs: saqmianobis
dagegmvas, monawileTa Soris rolebis ganawilebas da
sxva iseT mxares, romelic am saqmianobas garkveuli wes-
rigis formas aZlevs. organizebuli danaSauli ki, arse-
biTad sxvaa, vidre pirTa jgufis wevrTa Cveulebrivi
kavSiri. miT ufro, rom organizebuli danaSauli – es
aris organizebuli jgufebisa da danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciebis garTianeba.
statiebis am krebulSi moTavsebulia i. suCkovisa da
v. falaevis erToblivi statia, romelSic ganxilulia
jgufuri danaSaulisa da organizebuli danaSaulis
gamijvnis kriteriumebi. maTi azriT, am gamijvnis kri-
teriumi ar SeiZleba iyos termini `Сплоченность,~ (Sem-
Widroeba, darazmuloba), radgan es ukanaskneli dam-
axasiaTebelia im jgufisTvisac, romelic wanaswari Se-
Tanxmebis wesiT moqmedebs.

82. 81
maTi azriT, organizebuli jgufisagan danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianeba sami niSniT gansxvavdeba. Ppirveli am mxriv
aris gansakuTrebuli simyare, disciplinuroba, mkacri
gegmianoba danaSaulebrivi Canafiqris ganxorcieleba-
Si; danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi ramdenime organize-
buli jgufis arseboba; mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime da-
naSaulis Cadenis naTlad gamokveTili mizani. amasTan,
pirveli an meore niSnis aucilebeli Serwyma mesamesTn
(ise igi, mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis mizan-
Tan) qmnis danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis cnebas. Ggarda
amisa, aq sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom mkveTradaa
xazgasmuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis iseTi niSne-
bi, rogoricaa: darazmuloba, simyare, TanamonawileTa
Soris rTuli struqturuli kavSirurTierToba, mZime
an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Cadenis naTlad
gamokveTili mizani, danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba Sedare-
biT xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi ise, rom saqme exeba
danaSaulebrivi cxovrebis wesis gziT mudmivi Semosav-
lis miRebas.
magram saqme isaa, rom ruseTis federaciis sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 35-e muxlSi 2009 wlis 16 oqtomb-
ers Sevida mniSvnelovani cvlileba-damateba. ker-
Zod, aRniSnuli muxlis me-4 nawilSi gaTvaliwinebul
iqna organizebuli danaSaulis (danaSaulebrivi gaer-
Tianebis // danaSaulebrivi organizaciis) axali cneba.
aq naTqvamia: `danaSauli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis
(danaSaulebrivi organizaciis) mier Cadenilad CaiTv-
leba, Tu is Cadenilia struqturuli jgufis an gaer-
Tianebuli organizebuli jgufebis mier, romlebic
moqmedeben erTiani xelmZRvanelobis qveS, romelTa
wevrebi gaerTianebuli arian erTi an ramdenime mZime an
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Cadenis mizniT, pirda-
pir an arapirdapir finansuri an sxva materialuri
sargeblis misaRebad.~

83. 82
rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSaulis aRniSnuli
cneba nasesxebia transnacionaluri organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros 2000 wlis 12 dekembris kon-
vencidan.
ruseTis amJamad moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
35-e muxlSi aRniSnuli cvlilebis ASetana wingadadgmu-
li nabijia kodeqsis am muxlis Zvel redaqciasTan Se-
darebiT, radgan adrindel redaqcaSi aSkarad ar iyo
gamokveTili is gansxvaveba, rac arsebobs winaswari
SeTanxmebiT jgufis moqmedebasa da organizebuli jgu-
fis moqmedebas Soris. magram sakmarisia Tu ara organi-
zebuli danaSaulis es axali cneba masSi nagulisxmebi
am didi borotebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi? vidre
am kiTxvaze mokled mainc vupasuxebdeT, saWirod mig-
vaCnia im faqtis aRniSvna, rom organizebuli danaSau-
lis es axali cneba, Tavis mxriv, Turme nasexebia ruse-
Tis federaciis uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumis 2008
wlis 10 ivnisis dadgenilebidan, romelSic naTqvami
iyo, rom danaSaulebriv gaerTianebad (danaSaulebriv
organizaciad) SeiZleba CaiTvalos an struqturulad
gaformebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi, an organizator-
ebis, xelmZRvanelebis an organizebuli jgufebis war-
momadgenelTa gaerTianeba.
Aam msjelobebSi organizebuli danaSaulis erT-erT
ZiriTad niSnad miCneulia am tipis danaSaulis struq-
turuli dayofa. miT ufro, rom organizebuli dana-
Saulis cnebaSi jgufis struqturul dayofaze yura-
dRebas qarTveli kanonmdebelic amaxvilebs (ix. ssk-is
27-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
gasagebia, rom garkveuli struqturis mqone organi-
zebuli jgufi ukve ar agvereva winaswari SeTaxmebiT

84. 83
moqmed, SedarebiT martiv jgufSi. magram siZnele isaa,
rom garkveuli struqturis mqone danaSaulebrivi kav-
Siri damaxasiaTebelia rusuli yofisa da tradiciisT-
vis, roca saqme Seexeba didi masStabis danaSaulebriv
gaerTianebas (danaSaulebriv organizacias), xolo
saqarTvelos pirobebSi amgvari didi masStabis organi-
zebuli danaSauli tipuri ver iqneba. miT ufro, rom am
bolo xanebSi organizebuli danaSaulis tradiciuli
formebi aSkarad mcirdeba. cxadia, es ar niSnavs im naa-
drev daskvnas, rom organizebul danaSulTan brZola
saqarTveloSi TiTqos aqtualuri araa.
Aamrigad, organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufSi struq-
turuli danayofi didi masStabis danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianebisTvisaa damaxasiTebeli, radgan es qves-
truqtura ukve SefardebiT damoukidebelia; mas Tavisi
konkretuli xelmZRvanelic SeiZleba hyavdes, Tumca, es
struqturuli rgoli mainc danaSaulebrivi gaerTiane-
bis sistemaSi moiazreba. Mmiuxedavad amisa, mainc dgas is
problema, Tu ra xasiaTisaa es struqturuli danayofi.
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa a. mondaxonovis mosazreba
imasTandakavSirebiT,TurogorundaSefasdesesstruq-
turuli jgufi sixlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT.
Aavtori aRniSnavs, rom danaSaulebrivi organizaciis es
struqturuli danayofi SeiZleba iyos danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis kanoniT dadgenili forma, da, amave dros,
igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc jgufi, winaswari
SeTanxmebiT, an rogorc banda. Aaqedan gamomdinare, av-
tori sabolood askvnis, rom ruseTis sasamarTlo-saga-
moZiebo praqtikaSi naTeli araa is kriteriumi, ekuTvnis
Tu ara es struqturuli organizacia danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis romelime formas.47
47
А. Мондохонов, Вопросы уголовной ответственности за организацию
преступного сообщества (преступной организации), ,,Уголовное право“,
2010, № 2, стр. 52.

85. 84
avtori aRniSnavs, rom organizebuli danaSaulis (dana-
Saulebrivi gaerTianebis (danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
is) struqturuli danayofi, rogoricaa, magaliTad,
`brigada,` `rgoli` daDsxva, unda xasiaTdebodes organi-
zebulobis niSnebiT, ramdenadac isini moqmedeben didi
danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebebis interesebSi. Aaqedan av-
tori askvnis, rom organizebuli danaSauli (danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianeba // danaSaulebrivi organizacia)
Tavis TavSi unda aerTianebdes minimum or struqturul
rgols, minimum ori wevris SemadgenlobiT.48
(Tumca,
gaeros zemoTdasaxelebul konvenciaSi, organizebuli
danaSaulis qvestruqtura minimalurad sami wevriT
ganisazRvreba). Ees ukanaskneli mosazreba ufro sworia,
radgan am SemTxvevaSi raodenobrivi mxare Tvisebriv
mxareSi gadadis.
dasaxelebuli avtori aq amodis danaSaulSi Tanamonaw-
ileobis cnebidan da formebidan, maSin, roca organize-
buli danaSauli da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba, ro-
gorc ukve iyo naTqvami, erTmaneTs ar emTxveva.
§ 10. organizebuli danaSauli da danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis problema
mTeli rigi danaSauli sazogadoebrivi wesrigis winaaR-
mdeg (magaliTad, banditizmi, masobrivi areuloba da
sxva) – ori an meti piris monawileobis gareSe Cadenili
ver iqneba. am TvalsazrisiT ukve aRvniSneT, rom am tipis
danaSauli aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis formiT xor-
cieldeba. magram aq saxezea danaSaulSi e. w. `faqtobri-
vi~ monawileoba, magram ara iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT,
radgan iuridiulad danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobas
48
А. Мондохонов, Вопросы уголовной ответственности за организа-
цию преступного сообщества (преступной организации), ,,Уголовное
право“, 2010, № 2, стр. 53.

86. 85
misi specifikuri gamovlenis formebi aqvs. kerZod, am
mxriv pirvelia danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba rolebis
ganawilebiT (organizatori, wamqezebeli an damxmare),
xolo ukve dasaxelebuli aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis
formebSi rolebis amgvari ganawileba gamoricxulia.
safiqrebelia, rom aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis for-
mebSi saxezea Tanaamsrulebloba, magram sinamdvileSi
am formebSi igulisxmeba jgufis organizatori, xelmZ-
Rvaneli da danarCeni rigiTi wevrebi, xolo Tanaams-
rulebloba am mimarTebiT warmoqmnil Taviseburebas
ver amowuravs.
rusul iuridiul literaturaSi cnobilia danaSau-
lebrivi dajgufebis cneba, romelsac erT-erTi formis
saxiT ganakuTvneben `bandas.~49
es ukanaskneli tipuri
Tanamonawileobis formas ar warmoadgens. amaze metyve-
lebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganviTarebuli msjelobac. kerZod,
aq naTqvamia, rom `TavdasxmaSi monawile SeiZleba iyos
is piric, vinc araa bandis wevri, magram icis, rom xels
uwyobs bandituri Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebas. magal-
iTad, bankis TanamSromelma, bandasTan SeTanxmebiT,
gamorTo signalizacia, raTa bandas gaadvileboda Tav-
dasxmis mowyoba bankze, anda igive TanamSromeli uSua-
lod monawileobs bandis mier mowyobil TavdasxmaSi.~50
cxadia, vinc bandis wevri araa, is ar SeiZleba pasuxs
agebdes ssk-is 224-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT. Aamitom is,
vinc signalizacia gamorTo, raTa bandas gaadvileboda
bankze Tavdasaxma, aris damxmare, xolo, Tu piri, romel-
ic bandis wevri ar iyo, magram uSualod monawileobda
bandis mier mowyobil TavdasxmaSi, pasuxs agebs 224-e
49
Уголовное право, Общая часть, М., 2004, стр. 254.
50
sixlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, red. g. tyeSeliaZe, tomi I,
Tb., 2005, gv. 424.

87. 86
muxlis meore nawiliT. Aam ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi sax-
ezea Tanaamsrulebloba, Tumca es ukanaskneli mainc ar
emTxveva danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis im formas, ro-
melic Tanamonawileobis erT-erT formas warmoadgens.
ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1996 wlis komen-
tarebSi ganxilulia ukanono SeiaraRebuli formire-
bis Seqmna an masSi monawileoba, rogorc organiza-
toruli funqciis kompleqsi,51
magram gaugebaria, es
organizatoruli funqcia niSnavs Tu ara masSi wamqe-
zeblisa Dda damxmaris monawileobasac. Ddidi dafiqreba
araa saWiro am kiTxvaze uaryofiTi pasuxis gasacemad,
radgan aq `organizatori,~ A niSnavs ara danaSaulSi Tan-
amonawiles, rogorc es danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
iuridiul problematikaSia, aramed SeiaraRebuli or-
ganizaciis Semqnels, romelic danaSaulSi faqtobrivad
monawileobs, ramdenadac SeiaraRebuli formirebis
Seqmna ori am meti piris erToblivi moqmedebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. aq, rogorc Cans, vlindeba faqtobrivi-
sa da iuridiulis Tanafardobis meTodologia, roca
faqtobrivad erTi mdgomareoba, iuridiulad niSnavs
meores. magaliTad, danaSaulis provokaciisas (ssk-is
145-e muxli), faqtobrivad, wamqezebeli iuridiulad
provokaciis amsrulebelia da mis mizans piris sisx-
lissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micema warmoadgens.
rogorc Cans, aq danaSaulis Casadenad dayolieba, anu
waqezeba, iuridiulad waqezebas rom niSnavdes, maSin
provokatori iqneboda Tanamonawile im danaSaulisa,
romlis provocirebas igi cdilobs, maSin, roca aq dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileoba SeuZlebelia.
amrigad, aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis formebi, ro-
51
Комментарий к Уголовному кодексу Российской Федерации, М., 1996,
стр. 373.

88. 87
goricaa: ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna
an xelmZRvaneloba, an masSi monawileoba (ssk-is 223-e
muxli); qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba
(ssk-is 2231-
e muxli); banditizmi (ssk-is 224-e muxli);
reketul dajgufebaSi monawiloeba (ssk 2241-
e muxli);
masobrivi areuloba (sski-is 225-e muxli); jgufuri mo-
qmedebis organizeba (ssk-is 226-e muxli) _ iuridiulad
Tanamonawileobis formebs ar warmoadgenen. isini xe-
lyofen sazogadoebriv wesrigs, maSin, roca danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileoba xelyofis obieqtis mixedviT amgvarad
SezRuduli araa. igi SeiZleba gamovlindes sisxlis
samarTlis kerZo nawilis im normis sawinaaRmdegod,
romelSic danaSaulis Cadena danaSaulSi Tanamonawile-
obis wesiT xdeba SesaZlebeli. Ggarda amisa, Tu aucile-
beli Tanamonawileobis zemoT CamoTvlili formebi
sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis problemaa, danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileoba, piriqiT, sisxlis samarTlis zog-
adi nawilis problemaa, Tumca konkretul gamovlenas
is sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilSi aRwerili qmedebis
Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis gziT poulobs. M
amrigad, cxadi unda iyos, rom aucilebeli Tana-
monawileobis formebi danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
formebs ar warmoadgenen da amitom maTi gaigiveba, rac
rusul iuridiul literaturaSi xdeba, swori araa.
amaze metyvelebs, magaliTad, danaSauli, romelic gaT-
valiswinebulia ssk-is 2231
-e muxlSi. e. w. qurduli sam-
yaros wevroba kavSirSia organizebul danaSaulTan,
radgan TviT `qurduli samyaro~ myarad organizebul
pirTa iseTi kavSiria, romelic qurduli cxovrebis
wess gamoxatavs. Qqurduli cxovrebis wesi rigi arsebiTi
elementebisagan Sedgeba, ris gamoc is gansakuTrebuli
sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebiT xasiaTdeba.
ssk-is 2231-
e muxli, rogorc aseTi, ramdenime kanonieri
qurdis monawileobas ar gamoricxavs, magram, rogorc

89. 88
wesi, TiTouli `kanonieri qurdi,~ romelic qurduli
cxovrebis wesis matarebeli da mimdevaria, SeiZleba
pasuxisgebaSi mieces ara rogorc Tanamonawile, aramed
individulurad moqmedi piri, romelsac warsulSi or-
ganizebul danaSaulobaSi wevrobiT da masSi aqtiuri
saqmianobiT ukve damsaxurebuli aqvs am cxovrebis we-
sisaTvis niSandoblivi avtoriteti.
Cveni azriT, qarTveli kanonmdebeli sworad da-
upirispirda ara mxolod ukve Camoyalibebul krimi-
nals, rogorc qurduli cxovrebis wesis Sedegs da
produqts, aramed TviT am qurduli cxovrebis wess
da mis elementebs ukve maTi Casaxvis momentidan, raTa
`kanonierma qurdma` Camoyalibeba ver moaxerxos. am
gziTSeiZlebamoiSalos`qurdulisamyaroc,~romelic,
Tavis mxriv, qmnis am samyaros mimdevrebs. am mimarTebiT
ufro meti yuradReba profilaqtikur zomebs unda mi-
eqces.
amrigad, aucilebeli anu faqtobrivi monawileobis
formebi, romlebic sazogadoebriv wesrigs xelyofen,
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis iuridiul formebs ar
warmoadgenen. iuridiulad SeuZlebelia Tanamonawile-
obis wesiT dakvalificirdes danaSauli sazogadoebri-
vi wesrigis winaaRmdeg (magaliTad, masobrivi areulo-
ba, romelic ori an meti piris erToblivi moqmedebis
gareSe SeuZlebelia, magram am mimarTebiT danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis tradiciuli formebi gamoricxulia.
Aaqac xdeba aucilebeli faqtobrivisa da iuridiulis
gamijvna. samwuxarod, rusi kriminalistebi amas ar mij-
naven. maSasadame, isini sociologebi arian, radgan faq-
tobriv monawileobas iuridiulad Tanamonawileobad
asaReben. magaliTad, aRiarebulia bandis xelmZRvaneli

90. 89
lideri, romelic qmnis bandas, anawilebs rolebs, ma-
gram bandaSi wamqezebeli an damxmare ki araa, aramed
bandis rigiTi wevrebi, romlebic emorCilebian bandis
xelmZRvanels. es rigiTi wevrebi arafriT ar hgvanan
wamqezeblebs an damxmareebs, an Tanaamsruleblebsac
ki. aq dasaxelebulia bandis dafinanseba, iaraRiT mo-
marageba, TavdasxmisaTvis obieqtis SerCeva, korumpire-
bul saxelmwifo moxeleebTan kontaqtis damyareba, rac
organizatoruli funqcia ufroa, vidre ubralo Ta-
naamsrulebloba.52
saintereso azria gamoTqmuli ruseTis sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqsis komentarebSi: moqmedeba im pire-
bisa, romlebic bandis wevrebs ar warmoadgenen da ar
monawileobdnen bandis mier mowyobil TavdasxmebSi,
magram xels uwyobdnen Bbandis calkeuli wevrebis moq-
medebas, unda dakvalificirdes, rogorc danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileoba. magaliTad, bandis wevrisaTvis iara-
Ris miyidva, bandisaTvis transportis gadacema, Tav-
dasxmis obieqtze miTiTeba _ daxmareba.53
maSasadame,
bandis rigiTi wevrebi Tanamonawileebs ar warmoad-
genen. bandis wevri, romelsac xels uwyobs damxmare, am
ukanasknelTan mimarTebaSi aris amsrulebeli.
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom faqtobrivi, anu, aucilebeli
Tanamonawileobis formebi (magaliTad, banditizmi),
romlebic xelyofen sazogadoebriv wesrigs, iuridi-
ulad danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis tipur formebs ar
warmoadgenen. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom TviT
organizebuli danaSauli, rogorc aseTi, arsebobs,
radgan is, rac konkretuli formebisTvis zogadia, am
konkretul formebze ar daiyvaneba. maSasadame, orga-
52
ix. dasax. komentarebi, gv. 478.
53
iqve, gv. 476.

91. 90
nizebuli danaSauli arc danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
formas warmoadgens da arc misi gamovlenis formebze
ar daiyvaneba. Diqneb marTali iyvnen is germaneli krimi-
nalistebi, romlebic organizebul danaSauls, raRac
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis axal formad warmoaCend-
nen. niSandoblivia, rom TviT germaniis federaciul
respublikaSic ki, sadac amgvari rTuli problemebis
kvlevis tradiciuli interesi arsebobs, ver moxerxda
misi arsisa da masTan brZolis efeqturi RonisZiebis
SemuSaveba. rogorc marTebulad aRiniSna, `organize-
buli danaSauli imdenad rTuli fenomenia, rom misi
iuridiuli daxasiaTeba mxolod erTmniSvnelovani niS-
nebiT SeuZlebeli xdeba.~54
NA
amrigad, sakmaoze metad rTulia, erTi mxriv, daadgino
organizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi, rogorc aseTi, misi
gamovlenis konkretuli formebisagan DDdamoukideblad,
xolo, meore mxriv, am konkretul formebSi aRmoaCino
organizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi. Tu organizebu-
li danaSaulis calkeuli gamovlinebani (magaliTad,
qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba) dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileobis formas ar warmoadgens, maSin
logikuria daskvna, rom organizebuli danaSauli dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesiT ver sabuTdeba. aseTia
logikuri daskvna, Tumca danaSaulSi Tanamonawile-
obisagan misi mowyvetac dauSvebelia, radgan Tanaams-
ruleblobis gareSe arc organizebuli danaSauli ar-
sebobs. magaliTad, `kanonieri qurdebis` gaerTianeba
qurduli samyaros winaSe mdgari `sakiTxebis` gadasaw-
yvetad, qmnis Tanaamsruleblobis viTarebas, Tumca
TiToeuli kanonieri qurdi, gamomdinare qurduli sa-
myaros funqcionaluri daniSnulebidan, SeiZleba mo-
54
e. wiklauri, organizebuli danaSaulis gansazRreba da misi
ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, Pparlamentis mrCevelTa sabWo, sa-
mecniero-analitikuri Jurnali, Tb., 1997, # 3, gv. 31.

92. 91
qmedebdes erTpirovnuladac im ubanze, romelic, sxva
kanonier qurdebTan SeTanxmebiT, misi gavlenisa da mo-
qmedebis sferoa.
amrigad, organizebuli danaSauli, Tumca Tanamsrule-
blobis gareSe ar arsebobs, magram es Tanaamsrule-
blobac specifikuria da Tanamonawileobis tradiciul
formas ar emTxveva.
am mxriv calke ganxilvis Rirsia danaSaulebrivi da-
jgufebisorganizacia(ruseTisfederaciisssk-is210-e
muxli), aq igulisxmeba danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis or-
ganizeba, rac ukve iwvevs pasuxismgeblobas, imis miuxe-
davad, rom pirebi konkretul danaSauls ar sCadian. aq
gakeTebulia daskvna, rom es konstruqcia banditizmis
konstruqciisanalogiuria.55
esorganizaciagamoirCeva
simyariT, ierarqiiT, konkretul danaSaulebriv plat-
formaze dgomiT (bandituri, antikonstituciuri, kon-
trabandul-savaluto, nacionalisturi da sxva jgufi)
da moicavs sazRvargareTis mafiasTan kavSirs. samwux-
arod, rusul sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi
organizebuli danaSaulis yvela forma gaigivebulia
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formebTan. magaliTad,
p. agapovi, roca igi exeba ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 35-e muxlis meoTxe nawilSi Setanil cvlile-
bas organizebuli danaSaulis cnebasTan dakavSirebiT,
am ukanasknels moixseniebs, rogorc danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis yvelaze ufro saSiS Fformas.56
55
ix. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis dasax. komentarebi,
gv. 478.
56
П. Агапов, Уголовно-правовое регулирование в сфере противодействия
организованной преступности, `Уголовное право~, 2009, № 6, стр. 4.

93. 92
saintereso isaa, rom dasaxelebuli avtori danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileobis formebad asaxelebs banditizms
(ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 209-e muxli), danaSaulebri-
vi gaerTianebis (danaSaulebrivi organizaciis) Seqmnas
(aRniSnuli kodeqsis 210-e muxli); eqstremistuli gaer-
Tianebis organizacias (ssk-is 2821
-e muxli). avtori amt-
kicebs, rom ruseTis federaciis 210-e muxlis mixedviT
SeiZleba pasuxisgebaSi mivceT e. w. kanonieri qurdebi
da danaSaulebrivi samyaros sxva liderebi, romlebic
monawileoben organizebul jgufebSi, magram konkre-
tul danaSauls piradad ar sCadian.57
gasagebia, rom danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis trad-
iciuli konstruqcia organizebuli danaSaulis cne-
bas da misi gamovlenis formebs ar emTxveva. kerZod,
kriminalTa organizebuli erToba SeiZleba ise, rom
am erTobis romelime wevrma romelime konkretuli
danaSauli piradad ar Caidinos, maSin, roca danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileoba sxva araferia, Tu ara ori an meti
piris ganzrax erToblivi monawileoba ganzrax dana-
Saulis CadenaSi (ssk-is 23-e muxli). am cnebaSi, rogorc
Cans, igulisxmeba pirTa ara marto zogadi socialuri
da fsiqikuri kavSiri, aramed sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis kerZo nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli
qmedebis Cadenac. cxadia, Tu kanonmdebeli akrZalavs
kriminaluri funqciis mqone gaerTianebis Seqmnas an
masSi monawileobas, es ukve damoukidebeli danaSaulia,
xolo, Tu am gaerTianebis wevrebi Caidenen konkretul
danaSaulebriv qmedebas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis
kerZo nawilis romelime muxlSia gaTvaliswinebuli, ma-
Sin saxezea danaSaulTa erToblioba.
57
П. Агапов, Уголовно-правовое регулирование в сфере противодействия
организованной преступности, `Уголовное право~, 2009, № 6, стр. 5.

94. 93
am mimarTebiT Semdgomi gaRrmavebuli kvleva aucile-
beli Cans, xolo amjerad, am zogadi mimoxilvis farg-
lebSi, mokled ganvixiloT termini `organizebulobis~
meTodologiuri sakiTxebi.
§ 11. sistemuri kvlevis meTodologia da organize-
buli danaSaulis problema
didi dakvirveba ar sWirdeba imis gagebas, rom termini
`organizebuli~ raime mTelis elementebis kavSiris
wess aRniSnavs. M Ggasagebia, rom rac ufro metia mTelis
elementebi, miT ufro maRali da mkacria am elementeb-
is Sinagani erTianobis wesi, anu organizebulobis for-
ma da xarisxi. samwuxarod, am problemis meTodologi-
uri sakiTxebi sustadaa Seswavlili. am mxriv erT-erTi
gamonaklisia m. setrovis naSromi, romelic jer kidev
1972 wels gamoqveynda da romelSic nacadia organize-
bulobis meTodologiuri sakiTxebis analizi. Aavtori
sworad amaxvilebs yuradRebas imaze, rom `organizebu-
loba~ logikurad ukavSirdeba erTiani mTelis proble-
mas, rogorc sistemis Tvisebas. amasTan, organizebulo-
bis cnebaSi arsebiTia ara mxolod mizezobrivi kavSri,
aramed funqcionaluri kavSiric. avtoris daskvniT,
funqcionaluroba yoveli organizaciis yvelaze ufro
arsebiTi mxarea, Tumca, sadac funqcionaluri kavSiria,
_ jer kidev araa organizebuloba, magram amgvari fun-
qcionaluri kavSiris gareSe aranairi organizebuloba
ar arsebobs.58
avtoris mtkicebiT, `funqcia, misi organizaciulobis
gagebiT, mizezobrivi da funqcionaluri kavSirebis er-
58
М. И. Сетров, Основы функциональной теории организации, Ленинг-
рад, 1972, стр. 22.

95. 94
Tianobisasaxvaswarmoadgens.~59
avtorismtkicebiT,or-
ganizebuloba sistemis Tvisebaa. imisaTvis, rom sistema
iyos organizebuli, _ msjelobs avtori, aucilebelia
erTdroulad ori saxis SeTavsebadobis arseboba: erTi
rigis elementebis SeTavsebadoba, rogorc urTierTze-
moqmedebis aucilebeli piroba, da calke aRebuli ele-
mentis SeTavsebadoba mTelis yvela sxva elementebTan,
ese igi, elementisa da sistemisa, romelSic igi Sedis.60
rogorc Cans, saqme exeba mTelisa da misi elementebis
Tanafardobis meTodologiur problemebs. kerZod,
mTeli erTgvarovani elementebisgan Sedgeba, xolo,
elementebis erTgvarovnoba mTeliT ganisazRreba. mTe-
lis yoveli calke aRebuli elementi, Tavis mxriv, SeT-
avsebadia mTelis, anu sistemis yvela sxva elementTan.
irkveva, rom erTi mxriv, mTelis Seqmna da misi qceva aris
misi nawilebis funqcionaluri urTierTzemoqmedebis
Sedegi, xolo meore mxriv, aRmoCndeba, rom sistemis,
rogorc mTelis, urTierTmomqmedi nawilebis Sesan-
arCuneblad, aucilebelia sistemis calkeuli nawilis
mizezobrivi damokidebuleba mTelze. nawilis moqmede-
ba, rogorc wesi, calsaxad, gansazRvravs mTelis moq-
medebas, da maSasadame, misi TviTSenaxvis unars.61
amrigad, irkveva, rom organizebuli danaSaulis cneba
da problema meTodologiurad mTelisa da nawilis di-
aleqtikuri kavSiris wesiT SeiZleba iqnes gagebuli.
mTelisa da nawilis problema ki, Tavis mxriv, sistemis
zogadTeoriul problemebs ukavSirdeba. saqme exeba
sistemuri midgomis filosofiuri da kerZo mecnieru-
li midgomebis Tanafardobas. ufro konkretulad rom
59
П. Агапов, Уголовно-правовое регулирование в сфере противодействия
организованной преступности, `Уголовное право~, 2009, № 6, стр.. 32.
60
iqve, gv. 29.
61
iqve, gv. 32.

96. 95
vTqvaT, sistemuri kvlevis meTodologia gviCvenebs,
rom sistema, rogorc garkveuli mTeli, aerTianebs ro-
gorc kauzalur, ise funqcionalur kavSirurTierTo-
bebs. erTia organizebuli danaSaulis mizezebi, xolo
meorea misi funqcionaluri daniSnuleba.
rogorc g. cincaZe aRniSnavs, `sistemuri gziT miRe-
buli Sedegebi naTlad metyveleben imaze, rom sistema,
misi elementebi da a. S. ganisazRvreba ara mxolod da ara
imdenad maTi substancionaluri, substraqtuli Tvise-
bebiT, aramed, da ufro metad maTi adgiliT Sesabamis
sferoSi da maT mier Sesrulebuli funqciebiT. siste-
muri midgoma, nacvlad calmxrivi mizezobrivi axsnisa,
yuradRebas amaxvilebs sakvlevi obieqtis mTliano-
briv, integralur Tvisebebze, mis sxvadasxva kavSirebsa
da stuqturaze.~62
A
am ukanaskneliT SeiZleba gagebul iqnes organizebuli
danaSaulis,rogorcNmTelis,SemadgenelielementisTu
struqturis funqcionaluri daniSnulebac. am pozici-
idan SeiZleba ukeT iqnes gagebuli organizebuli da-
naSaulisa da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis rogorc
saerTo, ise ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi. amjerad mokled
SevexebiT danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobas e.w. funqcio-
naluri Teoriis mixedviT. am sakiTxze, rigi germaneli
kriminalistebis kvaldakval, yuradReba gaamaxvila m.
turavam. Mmisi azriT, piri yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis uSualo
monawile SeiZleba ar iyos, magram is, vinc gareT ic-
dida, raTa TavdamsxmelebisTvis saSiSroebis signali
mieca, damxmare ki araa, aramed, Tavisi funqciiT, yaC-
aRuri Tavdasxmis Tanaamsrulebelia.63
62
g. cincaZe, mecnieruli kvelevis sistemuri meTodi, Tb.,
1980, gv. 64-65.
63
m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis mimoxilva,
me-8 gamocema, Tb., 2010, gv. 271.

97. 96
rogorc ukve iyo naTqvami, germanuli sisxlis samar-
Tlis dogmatikaSi `organizatoris~ cneba ucnobia da
gabatonebulia `qmdebaze funqcionaluri batonobis~
Teoria da amis mixedviT aris gagebuli amsrulebeli,
romelic mTavari figuris saxiT, qmedebaze batonobs,
da Tanamonawile, romelic qmedebaze batonobis gareSe,
gverdiTi figuris saxiT, gamoiwvevs qmedebis Cadenas,
an xels Seuwyobs mis Cadenas.64
aqedan gamomdinare, dge-
ba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gadawydes pa-
suxismgebloba jgufis xelmRvanelisa, romelic konk-
retuli Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaSi uSualod ar
iRebda monawileobas. arsebobs mosazreba, romlis Ta-
naxmad, bandis meTauri, romelmac moifiqra da Seadgina
danaSaulis Cadenis gegma, gaacno igi Tanamzraxvelebs,
wamqezebeli iqneboda, Tu misi Tanamzraxvelebi Cai-
dendnen qurdobas binaSi SeRweviT, xolo is, am dros,
sakuTari Tavisa da bandisaTvis raime eWvis CamoSore-
bis mizniT, Teatralur warmodgenas daeswreboda. am
mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod aq isaa naTqvami, rom bandis
xelmZRvanelis rolisa da qmedebaSi misi pirvelxarisx-
ovani funqciis gaTvaliswinebiT, is ar SeiZleba wamqe-
zeblis an damxmaris rolSi gamovides.65
Aam sakiTxis gad-
awyvetisas, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli qmedeba-
ze funqcionaluri batonobis umdablesi zRvari.66
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom organizebuli danaSaulis prob-
lematikaSi, mizezobrivi kavSiris gverdiT, funqcio-
naluri kavSiric unda gaviTvaliswinoT. Aam Tvalsaz-
64
i. veselsi, v. boilke, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, da-
naSauli da misi agebuleba, Targmna z. arseniSvilma, samecnie-
ro redaqtori i.dvaliZe, Tb., 2010, gv. 290-291.
65
iqve, gv. 300.
66
iqve, gv. 299.

98. 97
risiT, SedarebiT ufro naTlad dgeba organizebuli
danaSaulis, rogorc raRac mTelis, da misi struqtu-
ruli rgolis Tanafardobis problema. kerZod, erTi
mxriv, organizebuli danaSauli aris misi struqtu-
ruli organizaciis gansakuTrebuli forma, romlis
funqcia danaSaulis Cadenaa. meore mxriv, danaSaulis
konkretul Semadgenlobas axorcilebs ara danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia, rogorc aseTi, aramed organize-
buli danaSaulis, rogorc MmTelis, konkretuli struq-
turuli danayofi, romelic organizebuli danaSaulis,
rogorc mTelis, funqcias asrulebs. aqedan gamomdin-
are, gasagebia, Tu danaSaulis Cadena organizebuli da-
naSaulis calkeul struqturul rgolebs aekrZale-
baT. ufro rTulia imisi dasabuTeba, rom SesaZlebelia
aikrZalos TviT organizebuli danaSaulobis, rogorc
mTelis, wevrobac. raki pirTa organizebuli kavSiri da-
naSulis Cadenis mizniT aris Seqmnili, igulisxmeba, rom
am organizebuli erTobis wevroba danaSaulis Cadenis
funqcionaluri rolisTvisaa gamiznuli, imis miuxeda-
vad, rom danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrma konkre-
tuli danaSauli SeiZleba arc Caidinos. M organizebuli
danaSaulobis, rogorc garkveuli mTelis, wevrobis
akrZalvis gareSe, es mTeli mudam iarsebebs, rogorc amM-
MmTelis struqturis macocxlebeli wyaro. danaSaulis
Cadenis es ormxrivi akrZalva Seesabameba organizebuli
danaSaulobis, rogorc mTelis, da misi struqturuli
danayofis funqcionalur erTianobas.
aqedan gamomdinare, vimeoreb, ideaSi savsebiT gama-
rTlebulia qarTveli kanonmdeblis pozicia, roca igi
danaSaulad acxadebs qurduli samyaros wevrobas da
kanonier qurdobas, raki es samyaro funqcionalurad
aris daniSnuli danaSaulis Casadenad, xolo am sam-
yaros wevroba, Tavis mxriv, danaSaulis Cadenis sazri-
sis matarebelia. amdenad, aq saqme am tipis danaSaulis

99. 98
Tavidan acilebis problemebsac Seexeba. cxadia, am mi-
marTebiT aris problemebi, radgan, rogorc ukve Cans,
sakmaod rTulia am sferoSi kriminalis damtkiceba. Aam
mxriv winadadebebi bevria,67
maT Soris am sagranto naS-
romis TanaavtorTa mxrivac, rac, misasalmebelia, ma-
gram zogierTi gaugebroba mainc rCeba. magaliTad, erTi
da igive qmedebisTvis orjer dasjis akrZalvis sazrisi
davas ar iwvevs, magram gaugebaria, ratom ar SeiZleba
`kanonieri qurdi,~ romelmac moixada sasjeli amisTvis,
pasuxisgebaSi mieces ssk-is 2431-
e muxliT, Tu igi kvlav
ganagrZobs an qurduli samyaros wevrobas, an kanonier
qurdad yofnas. Tu zemoT aRniSnuli ori saxis sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi akrZalva arsebobs, xolo Tu am kat-
egoriis pirma romelime akrZalva daarRvia, risTvisac
sasjeli moixada, kvlav daarRvia es akrZalva, cxadia, is
xelaxla unda mieces sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgeba-
Si, radgan am SemTxvevaSi saxezea axali danaSauli.
amrigad, organizebuloba, mTelis, rogorc garkveuli
sistemis, struqturuli elementebis Sinagani kavSiris
formaa da igi am formis gareSe ar arsebobs. am Tvalsaz-
risiT, advili Cans imisi damtkiceba, rom sistemisa da
misi struqturuli danayofis erTianobis logika See-
sabameba ruseTis sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi
sakmaod gavrcelebul mosazrebas, rom arsebobs dana-
Saulebrivi gaerTianeba (danaSaulebrivi organizacia),
romelic ruseTisa da misi regionebis am uzarmazar
masStabSi, savsebiT SesaZlebelia. miT ufro, Tu saqme
exebagarkveulistruqturismqonegaerTanebas.swored
struqturuli dayofis principi amxels im arsebiT sx-
vaobas, rac arsebobs konkretul organizebul jgufsa
67
ix. d. mumlaZe, l. ZnelaZe, brZola organizebuli danaSaulo-
bis (mafiis) winaRmdeg: SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi analizi, saqa-
rTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, `marTlmsajuleba,~ 2008, # 2.

100. 99
da danaSaulebriv gaerTianebas Soris: konkretuli or-
ganizebuli jgufi ukve struqturaa, romelic SeiZle-
ba iyos ufro didi gaerTianebis elementi, an sruli-
ad damoukidebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi, romelic
struqtrul dayofas ukve ar eqvemdebareba. es krite-
riumi, anu struqturuli dayofa, Cveni azriT, damaxas-
iaTebelia ruseTis masStabiT SesaZlo danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianebisTvis (danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis),
xolo saqarTveloSi organizebul danaSauls amgvari
struqturuli dayofa, rogorc wesi, ar aqvs. amaze me-
tyvelebs is diskusia, rac am mxriv ruseTis sisxlissa-
marTlebriv literaturaSi mimdinareobs. magaliTad,
sadavo xdeba is sakiTxi, imijneba Tu ara termini `sim-
yare~ Cveulebrivi organizebuli jgufi danaSaulebri-
vi gaerTianebisgan? (organizaciisgan?) magaliTad, s.
Jivniri midis daskvnamde, rom terminebi (kategoriebi),
rogoricaa: simyare da darazuloba SeiZleba axasiaTeb-
des ufro dabali organizaciis danaSaulebriv jgufs
(magaliTad, banditizms), vidre ufro didi masStabis
danaSaulebriv gaerTianebas.68
ufro sainteresod gveCveneba p. agapovis mosazreba,
roca igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs danaSaulebrivi gaer-
Tianebis (organizaciis) struqturulobis Taobaze.
Aavtoris mtkicebiT, struqtura msoflioSi arsebuli
obieqtebisa da sistemebis ganuyofeli Tvisebaa. Aaqedan
avtori askvnis, rom danaSaulebrivi gaerTianeba Sedge-
ba struqturuli danayofebisgan (bloki, rgoli, briga-
da), romelic danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis interesebSi
moqmedebs.69
68
С. Живнир, К вопросу об определении преступного сообщества в уго-
ловном законе, ,,Уголовное право~ 2005, №1, стр. 56. aseve ix. m. baZa-
Rua, jgufuri danaSauloba, Tb., 1998.
69
П. Агапов, Уголовно-правовые регулирование в сфере противодействия
огранизованной преступности~ `Уголовное Право~, 2009, № 4, стр. 4.

101. 100
amrigad, avtori meTodologiurad sworad msjelobs,
roca igi organizebuli danaSaulis problematikaSi
danaSaulebriv jgufebs Soris gamijvnis mTavar krite-
riumad iRebs `struqturis~ cnebas, radgan, iseTi didi
masStabis gaerTianeba, rogoricaa danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizacia, danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba da sxva amgvari
ukiduresad maRali danaSaulebrivi organizacia, misi
ufro konkretuli struqturuli danayofis gareSe
SeuZlebelia.
aqedan gamomdinare, arsebobs Tu ara saqarTvelos si-
namdvileSi organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi forma,
romelic sul mcire, ori struqturuli jgufisgan
Sedgeba? Aam kiTxvaze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 27-e muxlis mesame nawilSi dadebiTi pasuxia
gacemuli, radgan aq pirdapiraa miTiTebuli, rom saqme
exebastruqturuliformismqonejgufismizandasaxul
moqmedebas.
Cven aq gvinda gavimeoroT a. mondoxonovis argumenti,
romelic zemoT ukve movitaneT: organizebuli da-
naSaulis struqturuli danayofi, minimalur doneze,
niSnavs aranakleb or struqturul danayofs, aranak-
leb ori wevriT, da TiToeuli struqturis aranakleb
or wevrs. gaeros ukve dasaxelebul konvenciaSi ki,
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, organizebuli danaSaulis Amini-
malur struqturad sami kriminalia dasaxelebuli. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, dgeba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, gamoxatavs
Tu ara saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e
muxlis mesame nawili, romelic organizebuli danaSau-
lis struqturuli dayofidan amodis, saqarTvelos si-
namdvileSi organizebuli danaSaulis Taviseburebas?
am kiTxvaze pasuxisTvis saWiro iqneba organizebuli

102. 101
danaSaulisa da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis Tanafar-
dobis problemis Semdgomi kvleva da analizi. Tumca, Tu
imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom organizebuli danaSauli,
rogorc Cans, transnacionaluri xasiaTisaa, saqarT-
veloSi organizebuli danaSaulis konkretul formebs
kavSiri aqvT sazRvargareTis qveynebSi mokalaTebul
danaSaulebriv gaerTianebebTan (danaSaulebriv orga-
nizaciebTan). Ees gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa e. w. `kanon-
ieri qurdebis` saqmianobis fonze, roca am tipis krim-
inalTa didi nawili saqarTvelodan gaqceulia, da Tavs
afarebs, rogorc wesi, ruseTs, Tumca kriminalur saqmi-
anobas iqac ganagrZobs. aqedan gamomdinare, garkveuli
azriT, saqarTveloSi organizebuli danaSaulis konk-
retuli formebi, imis gamo, rom maT raRacnairi kavSiri
aqvT sazRvargareTis danaSaulebriv struqturebTan,
garkveuli pirobiTi azriT, SeiZleba organizebuli da-
naSaulis struqturul danayofad miviCnioT.
amrigad, imis miuxedavad, rom organizebuli danaSau-
lis tradiciuli formebi Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi
Ggasaocrad mcirdeba, es problema Semdgom gaRrmavebas
moiTxovs. magaliTad, utyuari monacemebiT, saqarT-
veloSi 2010 wels qurduli samyaros wevrobis sul
20 SemTxveva gamovlinda; ukanono Semosavlis legal-
izaciisa _ 22 SemTxveva; trefikingisa _ 11 da a.S. es
maSin, roca Tanamedrove ruseTSi organizebuli dana-
Sauli am qveynis erovnul tragediad iTvleba.
saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi organizebuli danaSaulis
am tipuri formebis Semcirebis amgvari tendencia Ziri-
Tadad mainc imis Sedegia, rom qarTulma saxelmwifom
danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi WeSmariti poli-
tikuri neba gamoavlina, sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwi-
foebrivi cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sferodan gamoaZeva

103. 102
organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi pirvelxarisxovani
wyaro, rogoricaa korufcia; mkacri wesrigi da dis-
ciplina daamyara momsaxurebis, oficialuri dokumen-
tebis brunvisa Tu privatizaciis sferoSi; sruliad
axal doneze dadga da gadawyda kidec samarTaldamcavi
organoebis reformirebis problemebi, ris Sedegadac
organizebul danaSauls safuZveli ecleba ara marto
qveynis SigniT, aramed sagareo kavSir-urTierTobis
sferoSic.
qarTuli saxelmwifos amgvari, aSkarad aqtiuri poli-
tikuri neba, romelic mravali Tanamedrove miRwevebis
safuZvelia, samwuxarod, umtkivneulod ar vlindeba,
radgan, am TvalsazrisiT, saxelmwifo, garkveul wilad,
win uswrebs sazogadoebas, ris gamoc viTareba arc Tu
iSviaTad iZabeba. Ggamosavali is ki araa, rom saxelmwi-
foebrivi sawyisi ukan gadaixaros, aramed, piriqiT, sa-
zogadoebrivi sawyisi saxelmwifoebriv sawyisis Sesa-
bamisad ganviTardes da win uswrebdes kidec mas.

104. 103
irakli dvaliZe
samarTlis doqtori
Tavi IITavi II
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia (JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE)
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi
§ 1. individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis principi saerTaSoriso sisxlis samar-
TalSi
Tanamedrove msoflios ganviTarebuli qveynebis Sida
kanonmdeblobebiT akrZalulia sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba sxvis mier ganxorcielebuli qmede-
bisTvis. Sesabamisad, subieqturi Seracxvis, individu-
aluri bralis dadgenis gareSe, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis daweseba Tanamedrove sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi ideebis darRveva iqneba. es ideebi mxolod
ganxorcielebuli qmedebisTvis da am qmedebis subieq-
turi Seracxvis safuZvelze pasuxismgeblobis dawese-
bas gulisxmobs.
imis miuxedavad, rom saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTal-
Si aRiarebulia individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis principi, man ganviTarebis sakmaod
winaaRmdegobrivi gza ganvlo. rogorc qvemoT davinax-
avT, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi am fuZemdebluri princi-
pis darRveveasac hqonda adgili, romlis gamarTlebis
mcdeloba sxvadasxva urTierTisawinaaRmdego da arad-
amajerebeli argumentebiT xdeboda.

105. 104
individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bis principi naTladaa gamoxatuli sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebaSi, romelic
miRebulia 1998 wlis 17 ivliss. aRniSnuli wesdebis 25-e
muxlis pirveli da meore nawilebis mixedviT, pasux-
ismgebloba mxolod fizikur pirebze vrceldeba da maT
pasuxismgebloba mxolod sakuTari, individualuri mo-
qmedebisTvis ekisrebaT.
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis miRebas win mravali politikuri debatebi uZ-
Rvoda, rac sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
specifikiTaa nawarmoebi. kerZod, saerTaSoriso da-
naSaulebi, yovelTvis masStabur xasiaTs atarebs, rac
danaSaulis Camden pirTa da dazaralebulTa simrav-
liTaa gamowveuli. amasTan, gansakuTrebul sirTules
iwvevs gamoZiebis warmoeba da Sesabamisi mtkicebule-
bebis mopoveba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gansaxor-
cieleblad.
vinaidan saerTaSoriso danaSaulebi yovelTvis ga-
moirCeva damnaSaveTa simravliTa da garkveuli xarisx-
is organizebulobiT, mtkicebulebaTa mopovebisa da
damagrebis sirTuliT, amitom individualuri pasux-
ismgeblobis principze agebul saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTalSi, gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba Tu vityviT, rom
danaSaulSi Tanaamsruleblobis, SualobiTi amsrule-
blobisa Tu Tanamonawileobis sakiTxi yvelaze prob-
lematuria.
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis 25-e muxliT, pasuxismgebloba dawesebulia
aramxolod danaSaulis uSualod Camdeni pirebis mi-
marT, aramed maT mimarTac, vinc Tavisi moqmedebiT

106. 105
`raRac wvlili~ Seitana danaSaulis Casadenad. marTe-
buladaa miTiTebuli iuridiul literaturaSi, rom
`sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis enaze, statuti icnobs
rogorc amsruleblobas, Tanaamsruleblobas, Tana-
monawileobas, aseve e.w. SualobiT amsruleblobas.~70
cnobilia, rom samosamarTlo saqmianoba mxolod daw-
eril samarTals ar eyrdnoba, rac imas niSnavs, rom
gamosayenebeli samarTali mxolod arsebuli kanonmde-
blobiT ar amoiwureba. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi, romelic, SeiZleba iTq-
vas, rom sxvadasxva qveynebSi arsebuli Sexedulebebis
nazavs warmoadgens. kanonierebis princips sisxlis sa-
marTalSi, rogorc erovnul, ise saerTaSoriso doneze,
udidesi yuradReba eqceva. Tumca isic unda vaRiaroT,
rom yvelafris winaswarganWvreta da Sesabamis normebSi
asaxva SueZlebelia. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlaSi
gamosayenebeli samarTlis wyarod arsebul kanonmde-
blobasTan erTad, sasamarTlo precedenti da saerTa-
Soriso doneze aRiarebuli principebi da Cveulebebi
miiCneva. aqve ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom adamianis ufle-
bebis dacva samarTalgamoyenebiT saqmianobaSi wamyvani
Rirebulebaa. swored amitom, saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTalSi kanonis interpretaciis sakiTxi udidesi
yuradRebis Rirsia. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi
aRiarebuli fundamenturi Rirebulebebis dacva bev-
radaa damokideuli imaze, Tu rogor ganimarteba kano-
ni. naSromis am nawilSi warmodgenili kvlevis sagnis
problematuroba, swored, saerTaSoriso sasamarTloe-
bis mier kanonis interpretaciam ganapiroba.
70
m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo,
romis statutTan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamiso-
bis komentari, Tb., 2005, gv. 107.

107. 106
individualuri pasuxismgeblobis principidan gamon-
aklisi daSvebuli iyo mniSvnelovani omis danaSaulebi-
sTvis Seqmnili niurnbergis saerTaSoriso samxedro
tribunalis wesdebis me-9 da me-10 muxlebiT. me-9 mux-
lis Tanaxmad, romelime jgufis an organizaciis wevris
sasamarTlo procesze tribunals SeuZlia (im dana-
SaulebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebSic mas brali edeba)
ganacxados, rom jgufi an organizacia, romlis wevr-
ic es piria, aris danaSaulebrivi organizacia. me-10
muxlis mixedviT ki, im SemTxvevaSi Tu jgufi an orga-
nizacia, romelic danaSaulebrivadaa gamocxadebuli
tribunalis mier, kompetentur erovnul organos an
xelmomwer mxares ufleba aqvs gadasces piri marTlm-
sajulebis gansaxorcieleblad erovnul, samxedro an
specializebul sasamarTlos. aseT SemTxvevebSi jgu-
fis an organizaciis danaSaulebrivi buneba ganixileba
damtkicebulad da ar badebs eWvs.71
`maSasadame, danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi ubralo
wevrobac ki, ganixileba danaSaulad, imis miuxedavad,
amgvari monawileoba iyo Tu ara nebayoflobiTi. omis
danaSaulebisTvis omis Semdeg Seqmnili sasamarTloe-
bisTvis amgvari erTiani gegmis idea, pirvelad ganx-
ilvis sagnad aqcia qolonel murai k. bernaisma (Colonel
Murray C. Bernays) 1944 wels aSS-Si, pentagonSi da mxari
omis mdivanma stimsonma arapirdapir dauWira (Stimson)
da miuTiTa, rom `arasodes iqneba imis saSualeba, rom
SevipyroT da gavasamarTloT germanuli aliansis (Axis)
omis danaSaulis yoveli piri an kidev maTgan umravle-
soba, Zveli koncefciiT da procedurebiT.72
~
71
ix. Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law, 2003, p. 137.
72
See Memo by Colonel Brnays of 15 September 1944, in B.F. Smith, The

108. 107
`gioringis (Göring) da sxvaTa sasamarTlo procesze
mniSvnelovani omis danaSaulebisTvis Seqmnili niurn-
bergis saerTaSoriso samxedro tribunalma arapirda-
pir zogierTi organizacia danaSaulebrivad moixsenia:
nacisturi partiis liderTa korpusi; gestapo da faSis-
turi germaniis uSiSroebis samsaxuri; eseselTa razme-
bi. amis miuxedavad, tribunalma uaryo `obieqturi~ anu
`jgufuri pasuxismgeblobis~ doqtrina da daubrunda
sisxlis samarTlis tradiciuli cnebebis wesdebiT mo-
cemul pirobebs.~73
`sxva tribunalebma mxari dauWires piradi pasuxismge-
blobis princips, romelic mniSvnelovani omis da-
naSaulebisTvis Seqmnili niurnbergis saerTaSoriso
samxedro tribunalma gamoiyena sasamarTlo procesze.
magaliTad, krupis (Krupp) da sxvaTa saqmeebze, sadac 12
gansasjeli krupis industriul sawarmoSi mniSvnelo-
van samsaxurebriv movaleobas asrulebdnen da germani-
is politikur, finansur, industriul da ekonomikur
cxovrebaSi maRali poziciebi ekavaT. niurnbergSi gama-
rTul procesze aSS tribunalma aRniSna, rom braldeb-
ulebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba mxolod
maSin daekisrebaT, Tu maT `faqtiurad da personalu-
rad~ Caidines is danaSaulebi, romlebic maT bralad
eracxebaT.~74
American Rood to Nuremberg – Tne Documentary Record – 1944-45 (Stan-
dorf, Cal.: Hoover Institution Press, 1982), at 35. citirebulia: Antonio
Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 137.
73
iqve, gv. 138.
74
`is martivi faqti, imis garda, rom braldebuli iyo krupis
direqtoratis wevri an firmis samsaxuris mniSvnelovani mov-

109. 108
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba,
romlis mixedviTac gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia ar arRvevs individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis princips. magaliTad, gostavsonis azriT, `imis
miuxedavad, rom am modelis safuZvelze bralad Se-
racxuli danaSaulebi ganxorcielda gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis saSualebiT, aucile-
beli iyo imis warmoCena, rom yvela gaerTianebul da-
naSaulebriv organizacias, sul mcire, hyavs saerTo
wevrebi da damxmare, romelic gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizaciaSi moqmedebda ara damoukideblad,
aramed faqtiurad danaSaulebs axorcielebda mTavari
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrv organizaciis gegmis Ses-
abamisad. dasasrul, marTalia, braldebulebsa da ams-
ruleblebs Soris ar iyo savaldebulo bralad Seracx-
uli danaSaulebis ganxorcielebaze SeTanxmeba, magram
braldebulebs unda gaeziarebinaT amsruleblebis
mier am danaSaulTa Cadenis ganzraxva.75
am garemoebebis
aleobis Semsrulebeli, sakmarisi araa [sisxlissamaTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad].~ es citirebulia ameri-
kuli Corpus Juris Secundum korporaciuli pasuxismgeblobis
Sesaxeb dadgenilebidan, ris gamoc, korporaciis Cinovnikebs,
rogorc wesi, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ar
ekisrebaT sxva CinovnikTa an agentTa mier ganxorcielebuli
korporaciuli moqmedebebisTvis, Tumca pasuxs ageben maSin,
Tu maT faqtiurad da personalurad Caidines danaSauli an
amgvari moqmedebebi maTi brZanebiT an nebarTviT ganxor-
cielda, amitom es Cinovnikebi pasuxs ageben, `sadac maTi wi-
naswarSecnobadoba da avtoriteti dadgenilia, an sadac igi
uSualod imyofeba da moqmedebs.~ tribunalma damatebiT ga-
nacxada, rom zogierTi principi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT omis
danaSaulTa SemTxvevaSic (627-8). citirebulia: Antonio Cassese,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 139 (iqve sqolio 7).
75
braldebulebma unda gaiziaron amsruleblebis ganzraxva

110. 109
gamo, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pa-
suxismgeblobis modeli Seesabameba individualuri
braleuli pasuxismgeblobis princips. yovelive es vr-
celdeba brjaninis saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlo pal-
atazec, romelmac gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-
nizacias sakmaod viwro formulireba gaukeTa.~76
`brjaninis saqmeSi mocemuli gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis winaaRmdegobebma, Cans, rom
kanonieri saxe miiRo: 1) gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis SeTxvevaSi braldebam unda daamtkicos
braldebulsa da amsrulebels (originalSi aq naxmaria
sityva `triggerman~, rac `sasxletis gamomkvrelad~ Sei-
Zleba iTargmnos. SeniSvna Cemia _ i.d.) Soris uSualo,
urTierTsanacvlo SeTanxmebis arseboba; 2) imis damt-
kiceba, rom braldebuli iziarebda gaerTianebuli dan-
im faqtis gamo, rom damxmare gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis wevrebs, maT Soris mTavari gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacias da damxmare gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis ormag wevrebs, bralad unda
hqondeT Seracxuli danaSaulebis ganxorcielebis erTiani
ganzraxva da mTavari gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis yoveli wevri, Tavis mxriv, unda iziarebdes or-
magi wevrebis ganzraxvas Seracxuli danaSaulebis ganxor-
cielebis Sesaxeb (Tadić, supra note 1, § 228). Tumca, damxmare
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis amsruleblebi-
sTvis savaldebuloa mxolod mTavari gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis wevrebis im ganzraxvis gaziareba,
romelic moicavs damxmare gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis mier Cadenil danaSaulebs. citirebulia: Katrina
Gustafson, The Requirement of an `Express Agreement` for Joint Criminal
Enterprise Liability, A Critique of Brđanin, Journal of International Crimi-
nal Justice 5 (2007), 134-158, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 154 (iqve,
sqolio 72).
76
Katrina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 154-155.

111. 110
aSaulebrivi organizaciis amsrulebel xelmZRvanelTa
ganzraxvas, sakmarisi araa moTxovnisTvis; 3) tadiCis
saqmeSi gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
winaswarganWvretadoba ufro mcirea, vidre brjaninis
saqmeSi.~77
`arsebiTad, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis mTeli Rirebuleba isaa, rom igi akavSirebs im
damnaSaveebs, visac fizikurad ar miuRiaT monawileo-
ba konkretuli danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi, dana-
SaulebTan, romlebic erT saerTo jgufSi Semaval dam-
naSaveTa Canafiqrs warmoadgenda.~78
elis van slaidregTis azriT, gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebi imitom dgindeboda,
rom amiT garantiebuli yofiliyo mis sazRvrebSi in-
dividualuri pasuxismgeblobis sazRvrebi. amis miuxe-
davad, danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi individis mier
specifikuri wvlilis Setanili ganxilvis nacvlad, igi
yuradRebas amaxvilebs jgufis arsze koleqtiuri sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis zogadi princi-
pebis WrilSi. sxvaTa pasuxismgebloba dasaSvebia, Tu 1)
arsebobs maRali xarisxis solidaroba gaerTianebaSi,
2) esaa kontrolis xarisxi maTze, visi qcevebic iwvevs
koleqtiur pasuxismgeblobas an, 3) TiToeulma maTganma
nebayoflobiT SeiTavsa konkretuli roli gaerTiane-
bis farglebSi da Tavisi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare,
jgufisgan mowyvetiT SeeZlo nebayoflobiT xeli aeRo
am rolis Sesrulebaze.79
krnojelakisa da vasileviCis saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianeba ar miiCnia,
77
A.O’Roorke, Joint Criminal Enterpise and Brđanin: Misguided overcorrec-
tion, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 47, 2006, pp. 321-322.
78
Katrina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 137.
79
van Sliedregt, supra note 3, at 351. citirebulia: ix. Katrina Gus-
tafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 141.

112. 111
rogorc pasuxismgeblobis forma da daaskvna Semdegi:
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia araa pa-
suxismgeblobis Sesabamisi forma, rodesac aRwers
braldebulTa individualur pasuxismgeblobas. am
situaciaSi, igi uCveulod farTo bunebis matarebelia,
sadac sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldeba cdilobs gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebSi
moaqcios piri, romelic struqturulad daSorebulia
im danaSaulisgan, romelic bralad Seeracxa da sabral-
debo daskvniT igi braldebuladaa cnobili.~80
`sasamarTlo palatis Sexeduleba, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pasuximgebloba ar
Seesabameba im pirTa pasuxismgeblobis SemTxvevebs,
romlebic `struqturulad daSorebulni arian~ da-
naSaulis fizikurad ganxorcielebisgan, mkveTrad
miuTiTebs, rom sasamarTlo palata, rogorc wesi, ar
ganixilavs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis pasuxismgeblobas mxolod im maRalCinosani
pirebis Sesatyvis pasuxismgeblobis formad, romle-
bic, rogorc wesi, struqturulad daSorebulni arian
faqtobrivi kuTxiT. es arsebiTi ganviTareba iqneboda,
Tu sasamarTlo palatis amgvar daskvnas mxars dauW-
erda apelacia. es gaarTulebda braldebisTvis daekis-
rebinaT meTaurTaTvis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis gamo pasuxismgebloba, romlebic,
80
Brđanin, supra note 2, § 354. sasamarTlo palatis Tanaxmad,
amgvari SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb arapirdapiri mtkicebulebebi
gamoiwvevda imis dadasturebas, rom mtkicebulebebidan ga-
momdinare, erTaderTi gonivruli daskvnaa is, rom bral-
debulis da amsrulebelis stratigiuli gegmis gansaxor-
cieleblad SeTanxmebulad moqmedebisTvis, aucilebeli iyo
SeTanxmebis arseboba. citirebulia:Katrina Gustafson, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 144 (iqve, sqolio 41).

113. 112
umeteswilad, daSorebulebi arian danaSaulis fizi-
kurad ganxorcielebisgan, xolo amgvari midgomiT sa-
samarTlo valdebuli iqneba daamtkicos amsrulebelsa
da sxva braldebulebs Soris aSkara SeTanxmeba im dana-
SaulTa Sesaxeb, romlebic bralad eracxebaT.81
meores
mxriv, amgvari moTxovna ueWveli garantireba iqneba
imis, rom bralad wardgenil danaSaulSi braldebuleb-
sa da amsruleblebs Soris mWidro kavSiri arsebobs. es
ki amcirebs gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaci-
aSi gaerTianebisTvis bralis wargenaSi Secdomis an in-
dividualuri pasuxismgeblobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
farglebis sxvagvarad gadametebis risks.~82
ambosi daaskvnis, rom II da III kategoriis gaerTianebu-
li danaSaulebrivi organizacia aris braldebis axali
da damoukidebeli (sistemuri) cnebebi, romelTac ar
gaaCniaT kanoniT daregulirebuli naTeli safuZveli
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi, ris gamoc maTi gam-
oyeneba arRvevs kanonierebis princips. aseve irRveva
braleulobis principi, radgan braleulobis principis
mixedviT, yvela unda daisajos mis mier individualu-
rad ganxorcielebuli qmedebisa da im wvlilisTvis,
romelic man Seitana jgufis mier danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebaSi, imis miuxedavad, mas ra funqcia ekisreboda
81
saapelacio palatam braldebis mxares nebadarTo
gaesaCivrebina amgvari gadawyvetileba; Tumca braldeba Se-
Tanxmda imaze, rom saCivris Sedegebi ar imoqmedebs braldeb-
ulTa mimarT gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisT-
vis pasuxismgeblobaze iqidan gamomdinare, rom bralmdebeli
am pozicias winaswar daeTanxma sasamarTlo procesze. bral-
debis mxaris saCivris pirveli safuZvelis daukmayofile-
blobis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobaze miRebuli gadawyvetileba:
Brđanin (IT-99-36-A), Appeals Chamber, 5 May 2005. citirebulia: Ka-
trina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 145 (iqve, sqolio 43).
82
iqve, gv. 144-145.

114. 113
am gaerTianebaSi. samwuxaroa, rom kvoCkas saqmeze saa-
pelacio sasamarTlom ar ganasxvava damnaSaveTa mier Se-
tanili wvlili.83
gansakuTrebiT irRveva braleulobis
principi III kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis SemTxvevaSi. Tuki jgufis yvela wevri
pasuxismgebelia sxva pirTa qmedebebisTvis, maSinac ki,
rodesac aRniSnuli qmedebebi winaswar ar iyo SeTanxme-
buli da mxolod winaswarganWvretadi iyo, maSin Tana-
monawileTa winaswari SeTanxmeba an gegma iqceva sanacv-
lagebo Seracxvis safuZveli, rac uaryofs kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul Tanaamsruleblobis umTavres prin-
cips.84
`ironiulad, rom iTqvas winaswarganWvretadobis
standarti ganuWvretels xdis braldebulis dasjado-
bas. daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am standartis
mixedviT, doqtrinas Semoaqvs mkacri pasuxismgelobis
forma.~85
jon lolandi asaxelebs sam problemas gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mimarT. pirveli,
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias versad
ver vxvdebiT yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos an ruandis saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTlos sasamarTlos wesdebaSi, ris ga-
moc mas ar gaaCnia sakanonmdeblo baza. meore, sakmaod
83
See supra note 26 et seq. and main text. Critical also van Sliedregt, su-
pra note 54, at 353-354; Danner and Martinez, supra note 1, at 134, 150.
citirebulia: Kai Ambos, Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Re-
sponsibility, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 159-183, Ox-
ford University Press, 2007, p. 174.
84
See K. Ambos, der allgemeiner Teil des Völkerstrafrechts (Berlin: Duncker
und Humboldt, reprint 2004), at 557 et seq.; idem, La Parte Generale del
Derecho Penal Internacional (reprint Bogotá: Temis, 2006), 185 et seq. ci-
tirebulia: ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 172-174.
85
iqve, gv. 174.

115. 114
bundovani indikatoria imisTvis, rom braleluloba
daadginos. radovan karadiCis sabraldebo aqtSi, erT-
erT SemTxvevad miTiTebuli iyo, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrebad miiCnevian bos-
niel serbTa xelmZRvanelobis, serbiis demokratiuli
partiisa da bosniel serbTa respublikuri, regionuli,
municipaluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis wevrebi...
meTaurebi, maTi TanaSemweebi, ufrosi oficrebi, serb-
Ta Sss ganyofilebaTa ufrosebi, iugoslavel xalxTa
armiis, iugoslaviis armiis, bosniisa da hercogovinis
republikis serbTa armiis, bosniel serbTa Sss, bos-
niel serbTa terotoriuli Tavdacvis meTaurebi da
bosniel serbTa da serbTa gasamxedroebuli Zalebisa
da nebayoflobiTi gaerTianebis liderebi. es xalxTa
didi raodenobaa. slobodan miloSeviCis saqmeSi, sadac
mas brali daedo gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciisTvis (am braldebas mosamarTleebma mxari dau-
Wires, riTac maT erT uzarmazar sasamarTlo procesSi
gaaerTianes sami calkeuli sabraldebo daskva), 1991
wlis bolodan 1999 wlis Suamde gagrZelda da mravali
`cnobili da ucnobi~ adamianis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna ganxorcielda.86
ZiriTadi idea isaa, rom is vinc SeurTdeba danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis erTobas, isini koleqtiurad
pasuxismgebelni arian am organizaciis wevrebis mier
Cadenili danaSaulebisTvis. ufro metic, es doqtrina
saeWvoa ufro mciredi darRvevebis donezec. 1952 wels
derik bentlisa da kris kreigis sayovelTaod cnobil
SemTxvevaSi, bentli cnobil iqna damnaSaved binaSi SeR-
86
ix. John Laughland, Conspiracy, joint criminal enterprise and com-
mand responsibility in international criminal law. The Hague, 14 No-
vember 2009, pp. 1-2. http://www.heritagetpirdefense.org/papers/
John_laughland_Conspiracy_joint_criminal_enterprise_and_command_
responsibility.pdf (mopovebis TariRi 7.04.2011).

116. 115
weviT qurdobisas misi Tanamzraxvel kris kreigis mier
policielis cecxlsasroli iaraRiT mkvlelobis ganx-
orcielebis miuxedavad. braldebas safuZvlad daedo
`organizebuli gaerTianebis~ koncefcia.87
kvoCkas saqmeze yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarT-
lis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos saapelacio palatam
daadgina Semdegi: `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis dros ar aris aucilebeli raime aRmatebuli
pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvra da arc imis mtkiceba, rom
arsebiTi an seriozuli wvlilia Setanili.~88
brjaninis
saqmeze dadginda, rom `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia ar moiTxovs danaSaulis Cadenis ganzrax-
vis damtkicebas.~89
es kargad ikveTeba genocidis Sem-
TxvevaSi. gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organzaci-
isTvis SeiZleba piris dadanaSauleba im SemTxvevaSic,
rodesac igi ar iyo am danaSaulis uSualo Semsrulebe-
li, magram iyo Tanamonawile, icoda danaSaulis Sesaxeb,
gascemda brZanebas, zeaRmatebulad pasuxismgebeli
iyo arsebiT wvlilze, ufro metic, ganzraxuli hqonda
amgvari wvlilis Setana.90
situacia erTob rTulia, rodesac mens rea-Si Tanamonaw-
ileobis xarisxi sakmaod maRalia. aq ikveTeba erTgvari
uxerxuloba: aris Tu ara TavisTavad gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis arseboba danaSauli anu
gaurkvevelia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia danaSaulia Tu pasuxismgeblobis forma. tri-
bunalebi uaryofen, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
87
ix. John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
88
Kvoćka Appeal Judgement, 28 Feb 2005, par 99. citirebulia: iqve.
89
Kvoćka Appeals Chamber Judgement, 28 Feb 2005, par 104. citirebu-
lia: iqve.
90
ix. iqve.

117. 116
vi organizacia axali danaSaulia, radgan maT ufleba
ara aqvT wesdebaSi Seitanon axali danaSauli. sinamd-
vileSi ki es ase ar aris. ufro metic, sakmaod arasaxar-
bieloa, rodesac ganaCenis gamotanas safuZvlad edeba
mxolod braldebulis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizaciaSi `monawileoba.~ es samxedro brZanebis
doqtrinis msgavsi problemaa. es gansakuTrebiT sadis-
kusio gaxda mas Semdeg, rac general iamaSitas Camoxr-
Cobis sakiTxi dadga 1945 wels.91
sainteresoa mosazreba terminebis `gegmisa~ da `dana-
Saulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ Taobaze. `pirveli, unda vico-
deT politikuri procesebis istoriuli precedentebi
danaSaulebrivi SeTqmulebaSi msjavrdebulTa Sesaxeb.
sakmaod parodiuli marTlmsajulebebi iyo ganxor-
cielebuli SeTqmulebisTvis msjavrdebis gamo. lui XVI
braldebuli iyo SeTqmulebaSi; aseve marSal peteins
brali daedo SeTqmulebaSi, magram SemdegSi prokura-
turam uari ganacxada sasamarTlo procesze braldeba-
ze. 1938 wels nikoloz buxarinisa da sxvaTa sasamarTlo
procesze, mTavari gansasjeli asaCivrebda imas, rom mas
bralad edeboda im xalxTan Sexvedra, romelTac aras-
dros Sexvedria. ssrk-is sayovelTaod cnobili gener-
aluri prokurori andrei viSinski, acxadebda, rom me-
same kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia kargadaa cnobili samarTlisTvis. magram aris
ki moskovis aRniSnuli sasamarTlo procesebi Taname-
drove saerTaSoriso tribunalebis sasamarTlo praq-
tikis namdvili nimuSi, Tundac mimsgavsebuli?~92
meore, rogorc davinaxeT, esaa `gegmis~ gagebis logi-
kuri araTanmimdevruloba. erTi mxriv, gansaxilveli
91
On the Yamashita case, see the account by his lawyer, A. Frank REEL,
The Case of General Yamashita (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.
citirebulia: ix. John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
92
iqve.

118. 117
danaSauli (gansakuTrebiT genocidi), romelic Camoy-
aliebulia nacisturi gagebiT, romelic moicavs gaer-
Tianebis dagegmvisa da materialur-teqnikuri uzrun-
velyobis did raodenobas. es asaxulia sasamarTlo
praqtikas, kanonmdeblobasa da genocidis Sesaxeb kon-
venciis travaux preparatoires-Si.93
`faqtia, rom `gegmis~ cneba imdenad bundovania, rom igi
mxolod propagandistuli Rirebulebis matarebelia.
marTlac, es politikur SemTxvevaTa sasamarTlos gziT
gadawyvetaa. omis kanoni danaSaulebrivi gegmis kon-
cefciiT xdeba omis propagandistuli iaraRi, riTac
koleqtiuri pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisros ada-
mianTa did jgufs, garkveulwilad, maTi (savaraudo)
ganzraxvis safuZvlze.~94
mesame, igi gamomdinareobs pirveli ori punqtidan.
gegmis cneba ver asaxavs omis warmoebis namdvilo-
bas, ris gamoc igi realurad gamousadegaria omis da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg devnis gansaxorcieleblad. am
punqtis gansazRvrisTvis unda mivmarToT omis war-
moebis udides Teoretikoss klauzevitcs (Clausewitz).
klauzevitcis azriT, `omi, rogorc nacvalgebiTi aqti,
sadac mxareTa moqmedebebi erTmaneTTan mWidro kav-
SirSia, ufro metic, SeiZleba mtris moqmedebiT iyos
nakarnaxebi. omi esaa Zaladobis aqti da mis yovel gamoy-
enebas ar gaaCnia sazRvari. yoveli mxare sxvas uwesebs
samarTals da ormxriv moqmedebas mivyavarT winaaRmde-
gobamde. omis warmoebisas umTavresi mizani mtris gani-
araRebaa. Tumca, amis umTavresi mizezi, isaa, rom vidre
me Zirs ar davagdeb mters, me unda meSinodes misi, rom
man ar damagdos Zirs, ris gamoc me ar viqnebi situaci-
93
John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
94
iqve.

119. 118
is baton-patroni. piriqiT, igi me Tavs maxvevs sakuTar
samarTals iseve, rogorc amas me vakeTeb.~95
dasasrul, individualuri pasuxismgeblobis darRve-
vis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuli mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli
olains. igi miiCnevs, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizacia arRvevs braleuli pasuxismgeblobis
princips. tadiCis saqmis mixedviT, yvela monawiles,
maTi gegmaSi monawileobis xarixsi miuxedavad, Tana-
bari sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ekisre-
baT.96
amis gamo, meorexarisxovani monawile iseve is-
jeba, rogorc mTavari organizatori. imis miuxedavad,
rom sasamarTlo iZulebuli iyo gansxvaveba gaekeTe-
bina monawileebs Soris gamamtyunebel ganaCenSi da
sxvadasxva simkacris sasjeli daeniSna,97
es mainc araa
sakamirisi, radgan damnaSaveTa sxvadasxva xarisxis dad-
95
See on this not only Carl von CLAUSEWITZ, Vom Kriege, (Book 1, Chap-
ter 1) but also René GIRARD’s reading, Achever Clausewitz (Paris: Carnets
Nord, 2007). citirebulia: ix. John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
96
See, e.g., Prosecutor v. Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98-32-T, T. Ch. II, 29 No-
vember 2002, par. 67 (“If the agreed crime is committed by one or other of
the participants in a joint criminal enterprise such as has already been dis-
cussed, all of the participants in that enterprise are equally guilty of the crime
regardless of the part played by each in its commission”). See also ICTY,
Judgement, Prosecutor v. Tadi, Case No. IT-94-1-A, A. Ch., 15 July 1999,
Klip/Sluiter, ALC-III-761, par. 191 (concluding that “the moral gravity of
such participation is often no less—or indeed no different—from that of those
actually carrying out the acts in question”); Antonio Cassese, International
Criminal Law, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2003, p. 181 (“[A]ll participants
in a common criminal action are equally responsible if they […] participate in
the action, whatever their position and the extent of their contribution, and…
intend to engage in the common criminal action”). ix. J. D. Ohlin, The Co-
Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated Leading Cases of
International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 742.
97
See Cassese, International Criminal Law, at 183 (noting that “it would be
diffi cult to distinguish between the degree of criminal liability, except for
sentencing purposes”). citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 742.

120. 119
gena mxolod sasjelis funqcia araa; es danaSaulis fun-
qciacaa, romliTac piris gasamarTleba unda moxdes.98
§2.meTaurTapasuxismgeblobasaerTaSorisosisxlis
samarTalSi
saerTaSoriso danaSaulebis masStaburi bunebidan ga-
momdinare, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi meTau-
risa an danaSaulis ganmaxorcielebeli dajgufebis,
misi formis miuxedavad, xelmZRvaneli piris dasjado-
bis sakiTxi piradi da braleuli pasuxismgeblobis
principTan mimarTebiT seriozuli kvlevis sagania.
ukanaskneli sakanonmdeblo aqtebidan aRsaniSnavia
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis 28-e muxli. am muxlidan irkveva, rom `pirTa
gaerTianebis~ xelmZRvaneli moixsenieba oTxi formiT:
1) samxedro meTauri; 2) samxedro meTauris saxiT efeq-
turad moqmedi piri; 3) ufrosi; 4) sxva piri, romelSic
SeiZleba moviazroT yvela iseTi uflebamosilebis
mqone adamiani, romelsac hyavs xelqveiTebi da mis
daqvemdebarebaSi myof pirebs akontrolebs. am muxlSi
ganzraxva saxeldeba danaSaulis subieqtur Semadgen-
lobad. sayuradReboa is faqti, rom kanonmdebeli cod-
nasTan erTad, romelic ganzraxvis komponentia, al-
ternatiul inteleqtualur momentze, kerZod, codnis
valdebulebazec miuTiTebs, romelic zrdis xelmZR-
vanelTa pasuxismgebluri qcevis movaleobas danaSau-
lebrivi qmedebebisTvis.
`Tanamedrove precedentuli samarTali organizcia-
sTan99
mimarTebiT CamoTvlis meTauris pasuxismge-
98
ix.iqve, gv. 741-742.
99
Judjment, Delalić et al. (IT-96-21), Trial Chamber, 16 november 1998,
§§ 346. See also the following ICTY Judgments: Aleksovski (IT-95-14/1),
Trial Chamber, 25 June 1999, § 69 et seq.; concurring Appeals Chamber, 24
March 2000, §§ 69-77; Blaskić (IT-95-14), Trial Chamber, 3 March 2000,
289 et seq. (294); concurring Blaskić Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 484;

121. 120
blobis sam pirobas:100
1) meTaurTan subordinaciuli
urTierTobis arseboba; 2) meTaurs daqvemdebarebul
pirTagan danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisTvis saWiro
RonisZiebaTa an am qmedebebisTvis dasjadobis ganux-
orcielebloba; 3) meTaurma icoda an hqonda safuZveli
scodnoda, rom danaSauli unda ganxorcielebuliyo an
ganxorcilda.~101
`precedentul samarTalSi gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia, aramarto jgufurad danaSau-
lis CamdenTa da brbos mier ganxorcielebul Zala-
dobaSi monawileTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da
msjavrdebisTvis, aramed amgvari pasuxismgebloba auc-
tor intelleqtualis mimarTac gamoiyeneba, romlebic saerTa-
Soriso danaSaulebis mTavari xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen.
amis yvelaze naTeli magaliTi slobodan miloCeviCis
mimarT ganxorcielebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi dev-
naa.102
aseve aRsaniSnavia krajiSnikis (Krajiŝnik) saqme,
kordić and Čerkez (IT-95-14/2), Trial Chamber, 26 February 2001, § 401 et
seq. (401); partly reversed by Appeals Chamber, 17 Desember 2004, but no
change with regard to the requirements for superior/command responsibility,
see ibid., § 827; Halović (IT-01-48), Trial Chamber, 16 November 2005, § 55
et seq.; Limaj et al. (IT-03-66), Trial Chamber, 30 November 2005, § 520 et
se. (hereinafter: ‘Hadzihasanović Trial Judgment’). For the ICTR: Akayesu
(ICTR-96-4), Trial Chamber, 2 September 1998, § 486 et seq.;’ Kayishema
and Ruzindana Trial Judgment’); Rutaganda (ICTR-96-3), Trial Chamber I,
6 Desember 1999, § 31 et seq.; Kajelijeli Trial Judgment’); semanza (ICTR-
97-20), Trial Chamber III, 15 May 2003, §§ 375-407. citirebulia: Kai
Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 161.
100
Orić (IT-03-68-T), Trial Chamber, 30 june 2006, § 294 (hereinafter: ‘Orić
Trial Judgment’) considers the principal crime(s) commited by the subordi-
nates as a fourth element. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 161.
101
iqve, gv. 161.
102
Indicment (‘Bosnia Herzogovina’), Miloŝević (IT-01-51-I), § 5-31; First
Amended Indictment (‘Croatia’) Miloŝević (IT-02-54-T), § 5-33; Second
Amended Indicment Slobodan Miloŝević, Milan Milutinović, NikolaSainović,
Dragoljob Ojdanić, Vlajiko Stojiković (IT-99-37-PT), § 16-29. citirebu-

122. 121
sadac sasamarTlo palatam damnaSaved scno bosniel
serbTa lideroba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-
nizaciaSi monawileobiT danaSaulebis ganxorcieleba-
Si. aRniSnuli dajgufebis wevrebi iyvnen krajiSniki da
bosniel serbTa sxva liderebi.~103
kai ambosi dawvrilebiT ganixilavs yofili iugoslaviis
teritiriaze warmoSobili konfliqtebisa da saomari
moqmedebebis dros meTaurTa da maT daqvemdebarebul
pirTa SemTxvevebs da iugoslaviis saapelacio sasa-
marTlos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs, gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisa da brZanebis gace-
misTvis pasuxismgeblobis Tanadroulad (Simultaneous)
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas da akeTebs Semdeg kritikul
daskvnebs.104
`pirveli, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
isa da brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobis Tavse-
badobis moTxovna araa SezRuduli zemdgomTa da maR-
alCinosanTa (miloSeviCi, krstiCi) mimarT wayenebuli
saqmeebiT.igiasevevrceldebasaSualodadabalirangis
Tanamonawileebze (kvoCka, obrenoviCi, blagojeviCi da
jokiCi). meore, (faqtiurad) arsebuli mtkicebulebebis
safuZvelze mxolod ramdenime SemTxvevaSia SesaZle-
beli erTdroulad orive doqtrinis gamoyeneba. krsti-
Cis, kvoCkas da sxvaTa saqmeebze saapelacio palatam up-
iratesoba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias
mianiWa brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobasTan Se-
lia: Elies van Sliedregt, Joint Criminal Enterprise as a Pathway to Con-
victing Individuals for Genocide, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5
(2007), 184-207, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 186.
103
Judgment, Krajiŝnik (IT-00-39-T), Trial Chamber I, 27 September 2006
(hereinafter Krajiŝnik Judgment). citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 186.
104
ix.iqve, gv. 162-166.

123. 122
darebiT, rasac safuZvlad daedo samarTaldarRvevaTa
konkurenciis wesebi. faqtiurad precedentuli samar-
Tlis mixedviT, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulsa
(me-7(1) muxli) da braZanebis gacemas Soris upiratesoba
mieniWa gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias,
rogorc lex specialis.105
yovelive amis gamo, precedentul-
ma samarTalma ar gaavlo mkveTri zRvari am or doqtri-
nas Soris.~106
`meTauris pasuxismgeblobis mixedviT, meTauris mimarT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna daiwyeba maTdami daqvem-
debarebulebis mier Cadenili danaSaulebisTvis da ar-
amxolod xelisuflebaSi yofnisas Cadenili gansxvave-
buli daudevrobiTi danaSaulebisTvis. II msoflio omis
precedentebis Semdeg, meTauris pasuxismgeblobis idea
aRiarebulia pozitiur samarTlebriv normad 1977 wels
miRebuli Jenevis konvenciis I damatebiT oqmSi arsebu-
li sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis seriozuli darRve-
vis sakiTxSi.107
iugoslaviis, ruandisa da siera leonis
tribunalebis SemTxvevaSi, tribunalTa gansjadi da-
naSaulebis daqvemdebarebulTa mier Cadenis faqti, `ar
amsubuqebs misi xelmZRvanelis sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobas, Tu man icoda an hqonda codnis
safuZveli, rom daqvemdebarebuli amgvar moqmedebas
ganaxorcielebda an ganaxorciela da xelmZRvanelma
aucilebeli da Sesabamisi zomebi ar miiRo amgvari moq-
105
See Judgment, Kordič έ Ćerkez (IT-95-14/2), Appeals Chamber, 17 De-
cember 2004, §§ 33-35; for East Timor see judgment, Lelan Sufa, Special
Panel for Serious Crimes, 25 November 2004, www.jsmp.minihub.org/
Court%20Monitoring/spsccaseinformation2003.htm (visited 24 March), §
18. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 166-167.
106
Critical also E. van Sliedregt, the Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for
Violation of Internationla Humanitarian Law (The Hague; TMC Asser Press,
2003), at 195; Osiel, supra note 1, 1760. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 166-167.
107
I damatebiTi oqmi, 86(2)-e muxli. citirebulia: William A. Shabas,
An introduction to the Intrenational Criminal Court, Third Edition, 2009, p. 221.

124. 123
medebebis Tavidan asacileblad an amis gamo damnaSavee-
bis dasasjelad.~108
meTaurTa da pirebze kontrolis ganmaxorcielebel
sxva xelmZRvanelTa pasuxisgeblobis sakiTxis dasab-
uTebisTvis gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda
meore da mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis koncefcia.
§ 3. Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis mi-
marTeba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias-
Tan (Joint Criminal Enterprise) sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlo precedentebis mixedviT
individualuri da braleuli pasuximgeblobis princi-
pebis dacva gansakuTrebul sifrTxiles moiTxovs, Tu
danaSauli TanaamsruleblobiT an Tanamonawileobis
formiTaa Cadenili. swored, Tanaamsruleblobisa da
Tanamonawileobis iseTma rTulma formam, rogoricaa
organizebuli jgufis mier Cadenili danaSauli, gamoi-
wvia mecnierTa farTo diskusia.
saerTod, organizebuli danaSaulis ZiriTadi arsi isaa,
rom jgufis mier Cadenili danaSaulisTvis sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ise dasabuTdes, rom ar
dairRves sisxlis samarTlis fundamenturi principe-
bi. am proplemis gadaWras, rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT,
108
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
tribunali, gaeros dokumenti S/RES/827 (1993), damateba, me-
7(3) muxli; ruandis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sa-
samarTlo, gaeros dokumenti S/RES/955 (1994), damateba, me-6(3)
muxli; siera leonis specialuri sasamarTlo, me-6(3) muxli.
citirebulia: William A. Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 221.

125. 124
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebi, kanonis interpretaciis
safuZvelze Camoyalibebuli e.w. gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis (Joint Criminal Enterprise) cnebiT
Seecadnen.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis wevrebis mier Cadenili dana-
SaulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis gamarTleba an uaryofa,
garkveulwilad, samarTlebrivi sistemis bunebazecaa
damokidebuli. kerZod, romanul-germanuli da anglo-
saqsuri samarTlebrivi sistemebis mier gagebuli sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi principebi, xSirad, radikalurad
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan.
gansakuTrebiT sakamaToa Semdegi sakiTxebi: 1) irRveva
Tu ara piradi pasuxismgeblobis, braleluli pasux-
ismgeblobis da kanonierebis principebi; 2) gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizacia pasuxismgeblobis
damoukidebeli safuZvelia Tu igi pasuxismgeblobis
formaa; 3) hqonda Tu ara sasamarTlos kanonis amgvari
interpretaciis safuZveli, romelic danaSaulis Cade-
naSi braldebul pirTa pasuxismgeblobas daafuZnebda.
am sakiTxis gasarkvevad, erTob mniSvnelovania gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebis
dadgena. `tadiCis saqmis ganmxilveli yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
saapelacio palatam daadgina, rom daxmareba da waqeze-
ba gansxvavedeba erTmaneTisgan danaSaulis Casadenad
arsebuli saerTo miznis anu gegmis Sesabamisi moqmede-
bebisgan Semdegi niSnebiT:
1) `damxmare da wamqezebeli sxva piris, amsruleblis

126. 125
mier Cadenil danaSaulze arian damokidebulni;
2) daxmarebisa da waqezebisas araa savaldebulo saerTo
SeTanxmebuli gegmis arseboba, rom araferi vTqvaT,
amgvari gegmis winaswar arsebobaze. aranairi gegmis an
SeTanxmebis arseboba savaldebulo araa; marTlac, ams-
rulebelma SeiZleba arc ki icodes TanamonawileTa wv-
lilis Sesaxeb;
3) damxmare da wamqezebeli axorcieleben moqmede-
bebs, romlebic konkretulad mimarTulia zustad
gansazRvruli konkretuli danaSaulis (mkvleloba,
ganadgureba, gaupatiureba, wameba, moqalaqeTa sa-
kuTrebis gauazrebeli ganadgureba da a.S.) xelSewyo-
bis, waqezebisa da moraluri mxardaWerisken da amgvar
mxardaWeras aqvs arsebiTi gavlena danaSaulis Casade-
nad. amisgan gansxvavebiT, saerTo miznis an gegmis Ses-
abamisad moqmedebisas, ganxorcielebul moqmedebaSi
TanamonawileobisTvis sakmarisia, rom igi ramenairad
mimarTuli iyos saerTo gegmis an miznis gansaxor-
cieleblad;
4) daxmarebisa da waqezebisas savaldebulo subieqturi
elementia imis codna, rom damxmarisa da wamqezeblis
mier Cadenili qmedebebi xels uwyobs amsruleblis mier
konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenas.~109
`amisgan gansxvavebiT, saerTo miznis an gegmis arsebobi-
sas kidev savaldebuloa (anu an danaSaulis Cadenis gan-
zraxva an danaSaulebrivi gegmis Sesabamisi ganzraxvis
arseboba da plus imis winaswarganWvreta, rom amgvari
danaSaulebi scdeba saerTo danaSaulebriv mizans, ro-
melic, savaraudoa, rom Cadenilia).~110
109
Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, International Criminal Law, 2002, pp. 245-246.
110
Tadić Appeal Judgment, para. 229. Cf. also Kayishema and Ruzindana,
paras. 204-5. furunZijas (paras. 210-5, 249), yofili iugoslavi-

127. 126
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis rekon-
struirebisTvis, upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia
davadginoT, Tu riTi gansxvavdeba gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia daxmarebisa da wamqeze-
blobisgan. tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam dadgi-
na, rom piris damxmared an wamqezeblad miCnevisTvis
aucilebelia, rom maT ganaxorcielon qmedebebi, rom-
lebic uSualod mimarTulia zustad gansazRvruli da-
naSaulis Casadenad xelSewyobis, waqezebis an moral-
uri mxardaWerisTvis. piriqiT, gaerTianeuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis dros TanaamsruleblobisTvis
sakmarisia ramenairi wvlilis Setana saerTo gegmis an
miznis xelSesawyobad. Tanamonawileobis obieqturi
elementis aRniSnuli dabali standarti im faqtiTaa
gamowveuli, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis Teoriis mixedviT, pasuxismgeblobisTvis
saWiroa saerTo danaSaulebrivi gegma an ganzraxva.111
daxmarebisa da waqezebisas SeiZleba arc ki icodes dax-
marebisa da wamqezeblis wvlilis Sesaxeb.~112
is sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos II palatam
aseve scada gansxvavebis dadgena, Tumca naklebadaa damuSave-
buli, vidre es yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis mosamarTleebma
tadiCis saqmeze gaakeTes, rodesac erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaves
daxmareba da waqezeba saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad moqmedi pir-
Ta jgufis saxiT warmodgenili Tanaamsruleblobisgan. sao-
cari isaa, rom furunZijas saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo
paralata erT nawilSi Tanamonawileobis orive formas ms-
gavsad ganixilavs. citirebulia: Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 246 (iqve, sqolio 68).
111
See also Gustafson, supra note 24, at 9-10. citirebulia: Elies van
Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 200.
112
Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra note 4, § 229. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 200..

128. 127
`saerTo mizani aerTianebs danaSaulis materialurad
ganmaxorcielebelsa (physical perpetrator) da danaSaulis
aramaterialurad ganmaxorcielebels (non-physical per-
petrator) da uzrunvelyofs individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis Taviseburebebs. aRniSnuli gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis yoveli TanamonawilisTvis
aucilebelia saerTo miznis Sesabamisad moqmedebis gan-
zraxvis gaziareba, an imis winaswarganWvreta, rom dana-
Sauli am saerTo miznis bunebrivi Sedegia.113
aRniSnuli
`subieqturi elementis~ dakmayofileba, gaerTianebu-
li danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrTa identifika-
cias moiTxovs. amis gamo, es sakiTxi praqtikaSi prob-
lematuri aRmoCnda. ganzraxvis Sesaxeb arapirdapiri
mtkicebulebebiT daskvnis gamotana mizanSewonilo-
bis gadawyvetilebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. krajiSnikis
(Krajiŝnik) saqmeze, sasamrTlo palatis mier kanonis am
nawilze gakeTebuli ganmartebis mixedviT, danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis wevrebi erToblivad unda moq-
medebdnen.114
amgvari erToblivi moqmedebidan SeiZleba
gamovitanoT daskvna saerTo miznis obieqturi elemen-
tis Sesaxeb.~115
`marTebulad aRniSnavs haani, rom winaaRmdegoba arse-
bobs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Teo-
riasa da praqtikas Soris. 116
prokurorTaTvis mainc da
mainc araa aucilebeli gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis saerTo gegmisa da mens rea-s subieqturi
113
Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra note 4, § 204. citirebulia: Elies van
Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 200.
114
Krajišnik Judgment, supra note 11, at § 834. citirebulia: iqve, gv.
200.
115
iqve, gv. 200.
116
Haan, supra note 19, at 194-195. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 201.

129. 128
elementebis dadastureba. es sakmarisia meore kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
testze daskvnis gakeTebisTvis. amis garda, ukanaskneli
mcdelobebi gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis farTo sazRvrebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb, Tanamonaw-
ileobisTvis damatebiTi pirobebis dadgeniT,117
obi-
eqturi elementisTvis gadaWarbebuli mniSvnelobis
miniWebaa. am gagebiT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis obieqtur-subieqturi balansi sruli-
ad Secvlilia. actus rea-sTvis zRvari gazrdilia, xolo
means rea-sTvis _ Semcirebulia.118
am fonze, `zustad
gamoxatuli SeTanxmebis moTxovna~, romelic brJaninis
saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam warmoadgina, misasalmebe-
lia.119
es zRudavs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis sazRvrebs, romelic jer-jerobiT aRdgens
Sesabamis obieqtur-subieqtur balanss, riTac gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias daubrunebs mis
pirvelad mniSvnelobas.~120
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia~ aris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis forma anu
saSualeba, riTac sasamarTlo danaSaulis Camdenis in-
dividualur pasuxisgeblobas adgens. gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia efuZneba ara braldebu-
lis mier piradad Cadenili danaSaulisTvis pasuxismge-
blobas, aramed mis monawilebas erTobliv gegmaSi, rom-
liTac danaSaulis ganxorcielebisas xelmZRvanelobd-
117
For instance, by requiring the accused to make a substanstial contribution
to the JCE. Kvoćka, Appeal Judgment, supra note 23, § 278. citirebu-
lia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 201.
118
Haan, supra note 19, at 195. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 201.
119
See for another view, Gustafson, supra note 24. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 201.
120
iqve, gv. 201.

130. 129
nen. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis aRniS-
nuli forma pirvelad naTlad iqna formulirebuli
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis mier braldebul v.
dusko tadiCis saqmeze gamotanil gamamtyunebel gan-
aCenSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom gansazRvra mocemuli
formis pasuxisgeblobis elementebi: 1) pirTa simravle;
2) erToblivi gegmis arseboba, romlis daniSnuleba an
mizani wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis Cade-
naa; 3) braldebulis monawileoba erTobliv gegmaSi,
riTac xorcieldeba wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulebi.121
`meore msoflio omis Semdeg dafuZnebuli samxedro
komisiebisa da tribunalebis prokurorebi da mosa-
marTleebi eyrdnobodnen `jgufuri danaSaulis kon-
cefcias~, aseve TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobis Teo-
rias, romliTac xorcieldeboda nacistTa im mxardamW-
erebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, vinc monawileobda
brbos mier mokavSireTa samxedro da ajanyebulTa Za-
lebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebul ZaladobiT moqmede-
bebSi. isini sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas
afuZnebdnen inglisuri samarTlidan warmoSobil
`saerTo ganzraxviT moqmedebis~ koncefciiT (concept of
`acting with common design~). saerTo ganzraxvisTvis pasux-
ismgeblobis mixedviT, rogorc sasamarTlos oqmebSia
ganmartebuli, unda damtkicdes Semdegi: gansasjelebs
gacnobierebuli aqvT (mens rea), rom maT qmedebebs raRac
wvlili Seaqvs danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi (actus rea).122
121
ix. Mohamed Suma, An Examining of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the
Special Court’s Decision of the AFRC Trial, http://www.carl-sl.org/home/
index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:by-zoila-hinson&
catid=4:articles&Itemid=23 (mopovebis TariRi: 10.12.2010).
122
See Werner Rohde Є Eigth Others United Nations War Crimes Commis-
sion, Law Reports of War Criminals (UNWCC) (London: HMO 1947-1949),
Vol. V. 56; Bruno Tesch Є Others (Zyklon B case) UNWCC, Vol. I, at 101.

131. 130
fizikuri elementi sakmaod bundovani iyo, romelic
Semdeg, garkveulwilad, SeizRuda im pirobiT, rom er-
Toblivi moqmedeba samxedro manqanisTvis `realur
sayrdens~ warmoadgenda danaSaulis ganxorcielebi-
sas.123
saerTo ganzraxvis Teoriis mixedviT, pasuxismge-
blobisTvis ufro dabali xarisxis Tanamonawileo-
baa saWiro, vidre Tanamonawileobis gamo pasuxismge-
blobisTvis, rodesac amsrulebli danaSauls materi-
alurad ganaxorcielebs. amasTan, saerTo ganzraxvis
Teoriis mixedviT, amsrulebelsa da Tanamonawiles
Soris gansxvavebas mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia, ramdenadac
yvela damnaSave danaSaulis Tanamonawiledaa miCneuli.
`saerTo ganzraxvis~ cneba safuZvlad daedo sakoncen-
tracio banakebis personalis124
da brbos mier ganxor-
cielebul ZaladobebSi monawileTa msjavrdebas.~125
`istoria ganmeorda haagaSi. yofili iugoslaviis sisx-
lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom SeimuSava
jgufuri danaSaulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis koncef-
cia koleqtiuri danaSaulebis CadenaSi monawile pirTa
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis da msjavrdebisTvis. amas
naTelyofs tadiCis saqme. tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlo
palatam gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni gamoitana sofel jas-
kiCSi (Jaskici) xuTi kacis mkvlelobisTvis gansasjelTa
mimarT,vinaidanaraviTarimtkicebulebaariyo,rommaT
citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 185.
123
Max Wielen Є Seventeen Others (Stalag Luft III case) UNWCC, Vol. XI,
5-17. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 185.
124
Martin Gottfried Wielen Є Thirty-Nine Others (Dachau Concentration
Camp case) UNWCC, Vol. XI, 5-17. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 185.
125
Otto Sandrock three others case UNWCC, Vol. IV, 40; Erich Heyer Six
Others (The Essen Lynching case) cited in Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1-A), Ap-
peals Chamber, 15 July 1999 (hereinafter Tadić Appeal Judgment), §§ 204-
209; Kurt Goebell et al. (The Borkum island cases) cited in Tadić Appeals
Judgment, §§ 210-213. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 185.

132. 131
monawileoba miiRes mkvlelobebSi,126
xolo saapelacio
palata daeyrdno saerTo miznis koncefcias da tadiCi
msjavrdebulad scno. saapelacio palatis mixedviT,
rogorc es Cans Sesabamisi precedentuli samarTliT,
saerTo mizani, romelsac SemdegSi `gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia~ ewoda, moicavs sami gansx-
vavebuli kategoriis danaSaulebs.127
tadiCi damnaSaved
cnes mesame kategoriis danaSaulSi, romelic monawile-
obis yvelaze dabal dones moiTxovs. sofel jaskiCidan
xalxis gandevnis ganzraxvis gaziarebiT, mas daekisra
Tanabari sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba xu-
Tive mkvlelobisTvis, radgan es ukanasknelni ganxor-
cielebuli iyo gandevnis procesSi da gandevnis amgvari
Sedegebis winawarmetyveleba SesaZlebeli iyo.~128
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia sakmaod
didi kritikis sagania. upirveles yovlisa, igi naTlad
ver adgens wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebul sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis formas yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos an seira
leonis specialuri sasamarTlosTvis. tadiCis saqmeze
Seqmnili yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlos saapelacio palata amtkicebda,
rom yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-
Soriso sasamarTlos wesdeba moicavs gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacias, rogorc sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis formas, yofili iugoslavi-
is sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wes-
debis 1-li muxlidan gamodinare, romelic avrcelebs
iuridiqciis farglebs yofili iugoslaviis teritori-
126
Opinion and Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1-T), Trial Chamber II, 7 May 1997
(hereinafter Tadić Judgment), § 373. citirebulia: iqve, gv.185.
127
Tadić appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 228. citirebulia: Elies van
Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 186.
128
iqve, gv. 185-186.

133. 132
aze ganxorcielebul `yvela~ seriozuli saerTaSoriso
humanitaruli danaSaulebis CadenisTvis pasuxismgeb-
el pirebze. es argumentirebulia imiT, rom `damnaSave
mxolod isaa, vinc danaSaulis arsebiTad ganxorciele-
bas gulgrilad ekideba im Tanamonawileebis mier, rom-
lebic sabolood xels ar uSlian danaSaulis realurad
Cadenas. sasamarTlom dadgina, rom wesdebaSi farulad
mocemulia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
cia, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
forma, rac ukve arsebobs CveulebiT saerTaSoriso
samarTalSi. kritikosTa azriT, `sasamarTlos amgvari
gonivruloba~ TaRliTobaa da sxva araferi. tadiCis
saqmeze sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kritikas aseve
naTelyofs is, rom mis sakamaTo aspeqtebsac mxars ar
uWers gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso doqtrinac. sxva kritikosTa az-
riT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia efeq-
turad funqcionirebs imisTvis, rom piri damnaSaved
vcnoT mxolod imitom, rom igi organizaciasTan dakav-
Sirebuli iyo. dasasrul, kritikosebi aRniSnaven, rom
`gafarToebuli~ forma ar moiTxovs mizezobrivi kav-
Siris dadgenas sxva damnaSaveTa qmedebebTan an ganzrax-
vasa da damdgar danaSaulebTan.~129
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia emsaxure-
ba garkveuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis an misi Sedegis
organizebul danaSaulebriv gaerTianebaSi monawile-
TaTvis bralad Seracxvas. `danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis~ damaxasiaTebelia aSkarad an mdumarebiT
miRweuli SeTanxmeba konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenis
mizniT.130
magaliTad, genocidis SemTxvevaSi garkveu-
li jgufis ganadgurebis mizani. amgvari globaluri
129
Mohamed Suma, dasax. naSromi.
130
See most recently Krajiś nik Trial Judgment, supra note 3, §§ 883, 884:
‘common objective’. citirebulia: KaiAmbos, dasax. naSromi, gv.167.

134. 133
anu didi dajgufebebi, Cveulebisamebr, Sedgeba patara
subsidiuri dajgufebebisgan.131
magaliTad, sakoncen-
tracio an patimarTa banakebis marTvadi aRmasrulebe-
li jgufebi, adgilobrivi da regionuli devnis ganmax-
orcielebeli jgufis wevrebi da a.S.132
swored saerTo
mizania gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
doqtrinis koleqtiurobis mTavari elementi, ro-
melic gadaaqcevs mas instituciur Tanamonawileo-
baze dafuZnebul koleqtiur pasuxismgeblobis Teo-
riad133
an pasuxismgeblobis sistematikur modelad.134
es doqtrina mogvagonebs SeTqmulebis kanons135
da mas-
Si monawileobas an organizaciul pasuxismgeblobas,
romelic niurnbergis procesze iyo gamoyenebuli.136
131
Cf.KvočkaTrialJudgment,supranote26,§307.citirebulia:iqve,gv.167.
132
Critical on such broad interpretations Danner and Martinez, supra note 1,
at 135 et seq.; critical also Osiel, supra note 1, at 1796 et seq., 1802 et seq.
and idem, ‘modes of Participation in Mass Atrocity’, 39 Cornell International
Law Jurnal (2005) 793, at 799-800. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 167.
133
Cf. H. Jung, ‘Begründung, Abbruch und Modifikation der Zurechnung
beim Verhalten mehrerer’ in A. Eser, B.: Max Planck institute, 1998) 175, at
183 et seq. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 167.
134
Cf. vogel, supra note 59, at 420 et seq.; see for a systemic imputation
(‘global appriach’) also Piacente, supra note 1, 446 et seq. citirebulia:
iqve, gv.167.
135
Cf. G.P. Flechter and J.D. Ohlin, ‘Reclaiming Fundamental Principle of
Criminal law in the Darfur Case’, 3 Journal of International Criminal Jus-
tice (JICJ) (2005) 539, at 539, at 548; van Sliedregt, supra note 54, at 355;
S. POwles, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise; Criminal Liability by Prosecutorial
Ingenuity and Judicial Creativity?’, 2 JICJ (2004) 606, at 613; Piacente, su-
pra note 1, at 451; Danner and Martinez, supra note 1, at 1785, 1791-1792.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 168.
136
See for detailed analysis van Sliedregt, supra note 54, 17 et seq., 20 et seq.;
Danner and Martinez, supra note 1, at 113-114; recently S. Römer, Mitglieder
verbrecherischer Organisationen nach 1945 (Frankfurt am Main et al.: Peter
lang, 2005), 28 et seq.; van Sliedregt, supra note 54, at 352 et seq. regards
JCE as ‘membarship responsibility’distinguishing between ‘institutionalised’

135. 134
msgavsebebi yvelaze aSkarad Cans III kategoriis gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan mimarTebiT,
romlis mixedviTac, piri SeuTanxmebeli danaSaulisT-
vis agebs pasuxs. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aq garkveuli
danaSaulis winaswarganWvretadobas gaaCnia. gamodis,
rom piris pasuxismgebloba efuZneba gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciaSi mis wevrobas.137
`SesaZlebelia, rom gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-
nizaciaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb da me-7(3) muxlTan da-
kavSirebiT yvelaze karg uaxloes magaliTad gamodges
miloSeviCisa da sxvaTa saCivrebi maTi udanaSaulobis
Sesaxeb. sabraldebo aqtis mixedviT, xuT pirs brali
edebodaT 1999 wels kosovoSi saerTaSoriso humanita-
ruli samarTlis darRvevisTvis.138
sabraldebo aqtis
me-16 paragrafi, romelic Sesworda, ayalibebs sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis Semdeg Teorias:
and ‘collateral’membership responsibility; Osiel, supra note 1, at 1799-1800.
Yet, Piachente, supra note 1, at 452 argues in favoure of the Nuremberg ‘ju-
dicial recognition of the common illegal purpose’. citirebulia: iqve,
gv.168.
137
Kai Ambos, dasx. naSromi, gv. 167-168.
138
Prosecutor v. Milutinović at al., Indicment, Case No. IT-99-37, 29 October
2001. braldebulTagan erT-erTma (Vlajko Stojilković) Tavi moi-
kla 2002 wlis 2 aprils. orma braldebulma, ojaniCi (Ojdanić)
da sainoviCi (Sainović) 2002 wlis 25 aprilsa da 2 maiss yofili
iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSiriso sasamarT-
los Cabardnen. Tavdapirvelad slobodan miloSeviCs brali
waeyena maTTan TanaamsruleblobisTvis, magram SemdgomSi
faqtiurad sabraldebo aqtiT misi saqme gamoeyo bosniisa
da xorvatiis saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli sabraldebo aqtiT
sasamarTlos miznebidan gamomdinare. citirebulia: Daryl A.
Mundis, Crimes of the Commander: Superiors Responsibility under Artikl
7(3) of the ICTY Statute, Edited by Gideon Boas and William Schabas, Inter-
national Criminal Law Developments in the Case Law of the ICTY, 2003, pp.
270-271 (iqve, sqolio 157).

136. 135
`braldebulTagan TiToeuli maTgani individualu-
rad pasuxismgebelia maT winaaRmdeg dadgenili im dana-
SaulebisTvis, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia sasamarT-
los wesdebis me-3, me-5 da me-7(1) muxlebiT. braldeb-
ulebma dagegmes, mouwodes, SeukveTes, ganaxorcieles
anda sxvagvarad daexmarnen an waaqezes aRniSnul dana-
SaulTa dagegmvis, momzadebisa Tu aRsrulebisken. si-
tyva `ganxorcieleba~ (`committing~) sabraldebo aqtSi,
braldebis mier araa SemoTavazebuli mxolod im gage-
biT, rom braldebulebma piradad fizikurad ganaxor-
cieles bralad wayenebuli danaSaulebi. `ganxorciele-
ba~ warmodgenil braldebaSi miuTiTebs gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi Tanaamsruleblobis
saxiT monawileobasac. gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis mizani, maT Soris, iyo kosovoeli al-
banelebis mniSvnelovani nawilis gandevna kosovos
teritoriidan, radgan amiT garantirebuli yofiliyo
kosovos teritoriaze serbebis kontroli. am miznis
misaRwevad, TiToeuli braldebuli, moqmedebda indi-
vidualuradansxvebTanerTadandaimaTTanerTad,vinc
icoda an ar icoda, rom mniSvnelovnad exmarebian gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias, vinc iyenebs
maTTvis xelmisawvdom de jure da de facto Zalauflebas.~139
139
Prosecutor v. Milutinović at al., Indicment, Case No. IT-99-37, 29 October
2001. `sabraldebo aqtis me-18 paragrafSi Camoyalibebulia
mravali specifikuri detali gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis TeoriasTan dakavSirebuli saqmis gamo:
sabraldebo aqtis 1-5 punqtebSi CamoTvlili danaSaulebi,
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis miznebSi Sedio-
da. alternatiulad, 3-5 punqtebSi CamoTvlili danaSaulebi,
romlebic gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebia da icodnen, rom
amgvari danaSaulebi SesaZlebeli iyo gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuliyo. maT
mier winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebis gacnobierebis miuxe-
davad, slobodan miloSeviCma, milan milutinoviCma, nikola
sainoviCma, dragoljub ojaniCma, vlajko stojiljkoviCma

137. 136
`erTad aRebuli pasuxismgeblobis es formebi bral-
debas uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva TeoriebiT, romliTac
SesaZlebelia bralis wardgena im pirebis mimarT, visac
gaaCnia mmarTvelobiTi an meTauris Zalaufleba mniS-
vnelovani saerTaSoriso humanitaruli danaSaulebis
CamdenTa mimarT. amasTan, gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia _ gansakuTrebiT me-7(3) muxlTan
erTad _ braldebulTagan daSorebuli danaSaulebi-
sTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakis-
rebis saSualebas iZleva.~140
`albaT, aRniSnuli praqtikis saukeTeso magaliTi
krstiCis (Krstić) saqmea.141
general krstiCs brali waey-
ena me-7(1) muxliT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis CaTvliT da me-7(3) muxliT srebrenikaSi Ca-
denili genocidisTvis. sasamarTlo palatam daadgina,
icodnen Tu ara, isini Segnebulad da nebiT monawileobdnen
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi. yoveli bral-
debuli da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sxva
Tanamonawileni iziarebden ganzraxvas da ganwyobas, romelic
aucilebeli iyo 1-5 punqtebSi mocemuli danaSaulebis gan-
saxorcieleblad. amis gamo, wesdebis me-7(1) muxlis mixed-
viT, yoveli braldebuls da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis sxva Tanamonawileebs ekisrebaT individualu-
rad sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba 1-5 punqtebiT
dadgenili danaSaulebisTvis~.
citirebulia: Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 273 (iqve, sqo-
lio 158).
140
iqve, gv. 273.
141
See also Prosecutor v. Kvočka et al., supra note 54, paras. 242-341,
and particularly paras. 287-289. aq sasamarTlo palatam daadgina,
rom Sesabamisi kategoriis gansazRvrisas (e.i. gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tana-
monawileobisas daxmarebis an wamqezeblobis saxiT), rac
ufro maRalia Tanamonawileobis xarisxi, miT ufro saimedoa
im daskvnis gamotana, rom konkretuli braldebuli iziareb-
da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis ganzraxvas
(sqolio 161). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 273.

138. 137
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia arse-
bobda srebrenikas dapyrobil teritoriaze da saerTo
gegmis mizani, maT Soris, iyo srebrenikadan musulmani
mosaxleobis iZulebiT gaadgileba da `samxedro sam-
saxurisTvis saWiro asaks miRweuli srebrenikas bos-
neili musulmani mamakacebis mkvleloba im SegnebiT,
rom amgvari mkvlelobebi srebrenikaSi bosniel musul-
manTa sazogadoebis sruli ganadgurebis saSualebas
miscemdaT.~142
`srebrenikas mravali bosnieli musulmani mosaxleoba
miiyvanes potoCarSi (Potočari). es qalaqi ramdenime mili-
Taa daSorebuli srebrenikasgan, Tumca `dapyrobili
srebrenikas~ farglebSi mdebareobs. potoCarSi miyva-
nili mravali devnili gaxda mkvlelobis, gaupatiure-
bis, cemisa da sxva Seuracxofis msxverpli. warmodge-
nili msjelobis miznebidan gamomdinare, sainteresoa
mosamarTleTa mier Sekrebili Semdegi monacemebi:
amis miuxedavad, sasamarTlo palata araa darwmunebu-
li im gonivrul eWvSi, rom potoCarSi devnilebis mkv-
leloba, gaupatiureba, cema da sxvagvari Seuracxyofa,
aseve mizani SeTanxmebuli iyo gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis wevrebs Soris. Tumca, ueWvelia,
rom amgvari danaSaulebi eTnikuri wmendis kampaniis
bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebi iyo.~143
`am magaliTis me-7(3) muxlSi mocemuli codnis moTx-
142
Prosecutor v. Krsti , supra note 53, para. 644. See paras. 607-645 for the
Trial Chamber’s conclusions in toto regarding joint criminal enterprise and
para. 615 concerning the forcible transfer of the civilian population as one
component of this common plan. citirebulia: Daryl A. Mundis, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 273.
143
Prosecutor v. Krsti , supra note 53, para. 616. citirebulia: iqve, gv.
273.

139. 138
vnasTan SedarebiT saintersoa sasamarTlo palatis
mier imis mtkiceba, rac mosamarTleebis mier Camoya-
libebuli daskvnis mxardasaWerad gakeTda: `im gare-
moebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic arsebobda geg-
mis Camoyalibebisas, general krstiCs unda scodnoda,
rom Sesabamisi TavSesafrebis ukmarisobas, brbos kon-
centracias, devnilTa umweo mdgomareobas, mravali
regularuli da araregularuli samxedro da gasamx-
edroebuli erTeulebis Sesabamis regionSi arsebobas
da gaeros jariskacTa arasakmaris raodenobas, rac maT
dacvas uzrunvelyofda, am danaSaulebis ganxorciele-
ba dauyovnebliv mohyveboda.~144
subieqturi Semadgen-
lobis `unda scodnoda~ standartis selebiCis (Čelebići)
saqmeze aRniSnul gansxvavebas amyarebs apelaciaSi
me-7(3) muxlSi mocemul `codnis safuZveli hqonda~
standartis mimarT gakeTebuli interpretacia. Tuki
dadgindeba, rom xelmZRvaneli gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis wevria an sxva msgavsi danay-
ofebis an Tundac mis xelmZRvanelobaSi Semavali da-
nayofebis meTaurebTan erTad, maSin xelmZRvanelTa
damnaSaved cnoba me-7(1) muxlis mixedviT, gacilebiT
martivia, vidre me-7(3) muxliT. amgvari gageba, im gare-
moebis gaTavalisiwnebiT, rom me-7(1) muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSaulebi ufro mZime sasjelebs iwvevs
msjavrdebulebisTvis, vidre me-7(3)145
muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli msgavsi danaSaulebisTvis, naTelyofs gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis politikuri
datvirTvis pirobebis mniSvnelobas.~146
144
Prosecutor v. Krsti , supra note 53, para. 616. citirebulia: Daryl A.
Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 274.
145
es gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom me-7(1) muxli moicavs dana-
SaulTa ganxorcielebas, xolo me-7(3) muxli mxolod umoqe-
dobas exeba (sqolio 166). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 274.
146
iqve, gv. 274.

140. 139
`amis miuxedavad, krnojelakis saqmeze, sxva sasamarTlo
palata sxva faqtebis winaSe dadga da orientacia aiRo,
erTi mxriv, gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias
da me-7(1) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul daxmarebasa da waqe-
zebas da meore mxriv, me-7(3) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul
xelmZRvanelTa pasuxismgeblobas Soris urTierTkav-
Sirze.147
am saqmiT dadginda, rom gansasjelma icoda
araserbi adamianebis im banakSi ukanono Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis Sesaxeb, romlis zedamxedvelic iyo da misi
`moqmedeba an umoqmedoba xels uwyobda amsruleblebis
mier danaSaulis Casadenad sistemis marTlsawinaaRm-
degod funqcionirebas.~148
amis miuxedavad, sasamarT-
lo palatam dadgina, rom SesaZlebeli iyo, rom bral-
debulebma `mxolod imaTi brZanebebi Seasrula, vinc
isini daniSna [banakis] Tanamdebobaze da ar iziarebdnen
ganzraxvas.~149
sasamarTlo palatam gadawyvita, rom am
pirobebSi:
147
krnojelakis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom uaryo
krstiCis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos midgoma, sadac ar
iyo naTlad Camoyalibebuli gansxvaveba Tanamonawileobas
(rogorc Tanamonawileobis damokidebul formasa) da Tanaam-
sruleblobas Soris (rogorc Tanamonawileobis uSualo da
ZiriTadi forma, magram sabolood mainc ar aris amsrule-
beli as a direct and principal form of participation, but falling short of
that of the principal offender) See Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note
6, para. 74. krnojelakis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom aseve
uaryo kvoCkas saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo palatis mid-
goma Tanaamsruleblebsa (vinc iziarebs gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis ganzraxvas) da damxmaresa da wamqe-
zebels Soris (vinc mxolod icis amsruleblis ganzraxva).
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note 6, para. 76. Both Krsti and Kvo ka were
decided by Trial Chamber I (sqolio 167). citirebulia: DarylA. Mun-
dis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 274.
148
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note 6, para. 127. Both Krsti and Kvo ka
were decided by Trial Chamber I. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 274.
149
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note 6, para. 127. Both Krsti and Kvo ka
were decided by Trial Chamber I. citirebulia:iqve, gv. 274.

141. 140
gansasjelTa danaSaulebrivi qcevebi, ZiriTadad, Ses-
abamisad kvalificirdeba, rogorc gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis amsrulebelTa mier aras-
erbi dapatimrebulebis ukanonod cixeSi moTavsebaSi
daxmarebad da waqezebad, wesdebis me-7(1) muxlis mixed-
viT. me-7(3) muxlis Sesabamisad, braldebulebs meTaur-
Ta pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT araserbi patimrebis
ukanonod cixeSi moTavsebisTvis, vinaidan, SesaZle-
belia, ZiriTadad, braldebulebis mier iyo ganxor-
cielebuli da amdenad xelmZRvaneli valdebuli iyo
ecnobebina am ukanono qcevebis Sesaxeb, TviT brZanebis
gamcemi pirebisTvis. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo palata
ar miiCnevs marTebulad misTvis meTauris pasuxismge-
blobis dakisrebas.~150
kai ambosi miuTiTebs, rom TanamonawileTa diferenci-
rebas, TanaamsrulebelTa da Tanamonawile (damxmare da
wamqezebeli) Soris zRvris gavlebas gadamwyveti mniS-
vneloba gaaCnia da (subieqtur) danaSaulebriv gegmaSi
(obieqturi) Tanamonawileobis xarisxobriv zRvars av-
lebs. sxva sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT, monawileobis xarisx-
is uaryofiT Tanaamsruleblebi ufro uaxlovdebian
danaSaulis ubralo damxmaresa da wamqezebels, ris ga-
moc, maT Soris zRvari ikargeba. yovel SeTxvevaSi iseTi
`winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebis~ bralad Seracxvam,
romelic winaswar ar yofila SeTanxmebuli da, Sesabam-
isad, ar yofila yvela monawilis mier ganzraxuli, Seu-
Zlebelia daafuZnos Tanaamsruleblobis da Tanamonaw-
ileobis romelime forma. danaSaulisTvis aucilebe-
lia, rom TviTon damnaSavem uSualod ganaxorcielos
danaSaulis obieqturi da subieqturi Semadgenlobani.
150
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note 6, para. 127. Both Krsti and Kvo ka
were decided by Trial Chamber I. See also ibid., para. 173. citirebulia:
Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 274-275.

142. 141
Tu danaSaulis romelime elementi pirs ar ganuxor-
cielebia da mas bralad eracxeba sxva piris mier Cad-
enili danaSauli, maSin SeiZleba pasuxi agos mxolod
rogorc damxmarem an wamqezebelma. sainteresoa, rom
tradiciuli inglisuri doqtrina didxans aRiarebda,
rom saerTo danaSaulebriv mizanSi Tanamonawile aris
meore xarisxis amsrulebeli, rodesac maTi moqmedebe-
bi mimarTuli iyo danaSaulis Casadenad.151
`erTi mxriv, Tanaamsruleblobas, meore mxriv, daxmare-
basa da wamqezeblobas Soris yvelaze damajerebel gam-
mijnav kriteriumebs iZleva germanuli doqtrina, ro-
melic qmedebaze funqcionaluri batonobis saxeliTaa
cnobili (funktionalle Taterrschaftslehre), romlis Tanaxmadac,
TanaamsruleblobisTvis aucilebelia funqcional-
uri erToblivi moqmedeba sxva pirebTan (obieqturi
Semadgenloba) saerTo gegmis an SeTanxmebis safuZvel-
ze (subieqturi Semadgenloba).152
amgvari moTxovnebi
mxolod I kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis SeTxvevaSia Sesrulebuli. faqtiurad,
saapelacio palatam tadiCis saqmeze icoda Tanaams-
ruleblobasa da I kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizacias Soris msgavseba, yovel SemTxveva-
Si terminologiuri mainc, vinaidan I kategoriis gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias moixseniebda
Tanaamsruleblobad (co-perpetratorshipt)153
da amavdrou-
151
See J.C. Smith, B. Hogan, D. Ormerod, Criminal LA (11th
edn., Oxford:
OUP, 2005), at 169, quoting Stephen, Digest, Art. 38. See also ibid., at 190-
191 (JCE as cases of scondaty participation, parties to JCE as accessories).
citirebulia: ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 168-169.
152
See for detailed analisys C.Roxin, Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, Vol. II
(München, C.H. Beck, 2003), at 77 et.seq. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 170.
153
Tadić Appels Judgment, supra note 2, § 198. This terminology is settled, see
recently Judgment on Sentensing Appeals, Babić (IT-03-72), Appels Chem-
ber, 18 July 2005, § 38 (hereinafter: ‘Babić Appeals Judgment’). citire-
bulia: iqve, gv.170.

143. 142
lad eyrdnoboda II msoflio omis Semdeg germaniisa da
italiis miRebul Sexedulebas Tanaamsruleblobis
Sesaxeb.154
ueWvelia, rom I kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia _ saapelacio sasamarT-
los sxvadasxva erTsulovani gadawyvetilebebiT, rom-
lebic formulirebulia sxvadasxvagvarad _ moiTxovs
monawilis mier qmedebis (obieqturad) ganxorcielebas,
romelic ase Tu ise mimarTulia erToblivi gegmis an
miznis (subieqturad) xelSesawyobad.155
ase rom, I kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia
aris romanul-germanuli sistemis samarTlis mier
Camoyalibebuli Tanaamsruleblobis safuZvlze Seqm-
nili Tanamonawileobis forma,156
xolo saerTo gegma
da mizani saerTo samarTlis qmnilebaa. rac Seexeba lex
lata-s, unda davaskvnaT, rom I kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia aris gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis erTaderTi forma, romelic
yovelgvari sirTulis gareSe SeiZleba ganxiluli
iqnes, rogorc yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) muxlis157
154
Tadić Judgment, supra note 2, § 201. citirebulia: iqve, gv.170.
155
Ibid., § 229; Krnojelac Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 33; vasilijević
Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 102; Kvočka Appeals Judgment, supra
note 35, § 89; Babić Appeals Judment, supra note 76, § 38. citirebulia:
Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.170.
156
CF. Stakić Trial Judgment, supra note 4, § 439. Against this background
and the universal recognition of co-perpetration as a form participation (see
Art. 25(3)(a) ICC Statute) it is more than surprising that the Appeals Chamber
states that, on the one hand, ‘this mode of liability… does not have support in
customary international law’ yet, on the other, JCE liability is ‘firmly esteb-
lished’(Stakić Appeals judgment, supra note 5, § 62). This demonstrates such
a blatant ignorance of basic principles of criminal las that even principled
supporters of the International Criminal Tribunals, as this writer, are forced to
reconsider their support. citirebulia: iqve, gv.170.
157
Cf. Powles, supra note 62, at 610-611; V. Haan. ‘The Development of
the Concept of JCE ar the ICT’, INtrrnational Criminal Law Review (ICLR)
(2005) 167, at 201. See also, albeit more radically, Separate and Partly Dis-

144. 143
ganxorcieleba da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
sasamarTlos wesdebis 25(3)(a)-e muxlis me-2 altrena-
tivaSi mocemuli Tanaamsruleblis (co-perpetratration)
Sesabamisi.~158
olaini miuTiTebs, rom `kvoCkas saqmeSi mocemuli gami-
jvna (maT Soris vinc iziarebs ganzraxvas da visac mx-
olod gacnobierebuli aqvs ganzraxva), garkveulwilad
gansxvavdeba amsruleblisa da Tanamonawileebis gami-
jvnisTvis gamoyenebuli germanuli danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebazebatonobisTeoriisgan.maTSorisaramxolod
gansxvavebaa, aramed isini erTmaneTis mimarT SuTavse-
belia. ZiriTadad, kvoCkas saqmis mixedviT, siaxlea is,
rom aq mocemulia mxolod orelementiani gansxvaveba
monawileobis or dones Soris; [...] batonobis TeoriiT
dabali donis monawileebsa da organizatorebs Soris
gamijvna rCeba garkveul safexurze. magaliTad, Sesa-
Zlebelia, rom kvoCkas saqmis mixedviT, ubralo qveiTi
jariskaci CaiTvalos Tanaamsruleblad, Tu igi izi-
arebs jgufis ganzraxvas, magram batonobis TeoriiT
CaiTvalos Tanamonawiled, radgan igi araviTar batono-
bas SeTqmulebaze ar axorcielebda. amis gamo, winaaRm-
degobrioba, rogorc Cans, araa savaraudo. ganvixiloT
qveiTi jariskaci, romelmac mxolod icis danaSau-
lebrivi gegma da am SegnebiT wvlili Seaqvs am gegmaSi,
magram ar iziarebs jgufis danaSaulebriv ganzraxvas.
kvoCkas saqmeSi arsebuli sqemis mixedviT, SesaZlebe-
lia, misi miCneva damxmared an wamqezeblad, radgan man
mxolod icoda danaSaulebrivi gegma, Tumca batonobis
Teoriis mixedviTac, analogiur saqmeSi is pirebi damx-
mared an wamqezeblad SeiZleba ganxiluliyvnen, radgan
senting Opinion of Judge Lindholm, Trial Judgment, Simić (IT-95-9/2), Tri-
al Chamber, 17 Octomber 2003, § 2 et seq. dissociating himself from JCE.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 171.
158
Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.170-171.

145. 144
naklebsavaraudoa, _ marTlac SeuZlebelia _ rom is,
vinc ar iziarebs jgufis danaSaulebriv mizans, axor-
cielebdes masze batonobas. batonobis cnebaSi naTlad
araa gamoxatuli, rom TiToeulma maTganma unda gaiz-
iaros jgufis danaSaulebrivi mizani.~159
avtori, zogierTi Teoriuli sirTuleebis miuxedavad,
dadebiTad afasebs danaSaulis ganxorcielebaze ba-
tonobis Teorias.160
`SesaZlebelia yvelaze saukeTeso
saSualebaa Sejamebisas iTqvas, rom Tanaamsrulebeli
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi isaa, vinc
uzarmazar SeTqmulebaze batonobas axorcielebs, Tum-
ca ara yovlismomcvels da is, vinc iziarebs jgufis
danaSaulebriv mizans. (am kategoriaSi moeZebna adgili
stakiCs). gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis damxmare an waqezebelia is, vinc ar axorcielebs
uzarmazar SeTqmulebaze kontrols da jgufis ganz-
raxvis gacnobierebiT ubralo wvlili Sehqonda. amas-
Tan, unda ganisazRvros rogor unda davajgufod dam-
naSaveebi, romlebmac gaiziares danaSaulebrivi mizani,
magram sakmaod qveviT idgnen kibeze, romelic mrav-
lismetyveli SeTqmulebaze batonobis gansaxorciele-
bladaa gankuTvnili.~161
`krnojelakis saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam farTo dis-
kusia gamarTa gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis Sesaxeb da aRniSna, rom gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia arsebobs iq, sadac `or an met pirs
Soris arsebobs SeTanxmeba anu molaparakeba danaSaulis
Cadenis Sesaxeb.~162
amgvari SeTanxmeba araa aucilebeli
159
J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise,Annotated
Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 751.
160
ix. iqve, gv. 751.
161
iqve, gv. 751.
162
Prosecutor v. Tadić Judgment, Case No. IT-94-I-A 15 July 1999, paras.

146. 145
iyos specialuri, igi SeiZleba Seqmnili garemoebebidan
gamomdinareobdes da misi miRweva yovelTvis ar SeiZle-
ba Tu ganxorcielebuli araa winaswar danaSaulis Cade-
namde. amasTan, sasamarTlom Camoayaliba sami magaliTi,
Tu rogor SeiZleba braldebulebma monawileoba miiRon
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi:
1. SeTanxmebul danaSaulSi uSualo monawileoba (am-
srulebloba);
2. unda imyofebodes danaSaulis Cadenis adgilze
(im SegnebiT, rom danaSauli unda ganxorcieldes
an xorcieldeba) da ganzrax exmareba an aqezebs
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sxva
monawileebs, raTa maT Caidinon danaSauli;
3. imspecialursistemaSixelSemwyobimoqmedebisganx-
orcieleba, sadac danaSaulis Cadena xdeba bralde-
bulis Tanamdebobis an funqciebis gamo da es xor-
cieldeba imis codniT, rom arsebobs es sistema da
momavalSic gagrZeldeba misi arseboba.~163
ambosi III kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebrivi
organizacias mxolod daxmarebis an waqezebis formad
ganixilavs. vasileviCis (Vasiljević) saqmeze saapelacio
palata zogierT punqtSi aviTarebs tadiCis saqmeze
miRebuli gadawyvetilebisgan gansxvavebul Sexedule-
bas, romlis mixedviTac, gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizaciaSi monawile pasuxismgebelia rogorc Ta-
naamsrulebeli da mas ufro maRali xarisxis pasux-
ismgebloba ekisreba, vidre damxmaresa da wamqezebels,
romlebic gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciSi
yovelTvis Tanamonawileebad ganixilebian.164
miuxeda-
229. citirebulia: Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 270-271.
163
Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 270-271.
164
Vasilević Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 102. citirebulia:

147. 146
vad imisa, rom aq sworadaa aRwerili Tanaamsruleblo-
bas da Tanamonawileobas Soris gansxvaveba, igi aras-
woria gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
formasTan mimarTebiT, vinaidan mxolod I kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia moicavs
Tanaamsruleblobis wesebs. amgvari msjeloba aseve ewi-
naaRmdegeba tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palatis mier
dafiqsirebul pozicias, romelic ufro did yuradRe-
bas aqcevs monawilis wvlils.165
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisa da
brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobis doqtrinebi
erTmaneTisgan konceptualuri struqturebiT gansx-
vavdebian. yvelaze TvalSi sacemi SeiZleba is iyos, rom
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia moiTxvos
aqtiur moqmedebas da wvlilis Setanas gaerTianebaSi,
rodesac brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobisas
umoqmedobac sakmarisia. am rakursiT, es doqtrinebi
urTierTgamomricxvelia: adamiani an xels uwyobs da-
naSaulebrivi Sedegis dadgomas aqtiuri moqmedebiT,
an umoqmedobas iCens movlenis mimarT, romelic dana-
Saulebrivi Sedegis Tavidan acilebiskenaa mimarTuli.
amasTan, orive erTdroulad logikurad SeuZlebelia.
meore mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba isaa, rom meTauris
pasuxismgebloba moiTxovs, per definitionem, ierarqiul
daqvemdebarebas, meTaursa da daqvemdebarebuls So-
ris, e.i. vertikalur urTierTobas kontrolis gan-
maxorcielebelsa da im danaSaulis uSualod Camden
pirs Soris, romelic Tavidan unda yofiliyo acile-
buli. sawinaaRmdego viTarebaa gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis, yovel SemTxvevaSi I kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis, wevrebT-
an mimarTebiT, sadac Tanaamsruleblobas aqvs adgili,
ix.dasax. naSromi, gv. 171.
165
ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 171.

148. 147
Cveulebisamebr, es pirebi Tanabar ierarqiul dones
miekuTvnebian da moqmedeben SeTanxmebulad, horizon-
taluri meTodiT.166
mesame gansxvaveba gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciasa da brZanebis gacemisTvis
pasuxismgeblobis inteleqtualur sferos ganekuTvne-
ba. I kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis wevrebs gaaCniaT saerTo ganzraxva, e.i. saerTo
mens rea mimarTulia konkretuli danaSaulis Casadenad
da saboloo miznis an gaerTianebis miznis misaRwevad.
sxva kategoriebSi, gansakuTrebiT III kategoriis gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi, monawileebma
ician, yovel SemTxvevaSi unda icodnen, saerTo amoca-
na an mizani da (obieqturad) winawarganWvretili aqvT
garkveuli danaSaulis ganxorcieleba. brZanebis ga-
cemisTvis pasuxismgeblobisas ki, piriqiT, danaSaulis
ZiriTadi mizani arsebiTad meTauris mier kontrolis
ganuxorcieleblobiT dgeba da, Sesabamisad, maTi mens
rea vrceldeba am umoqmedobaze da ara maTTdami daqvem-
debarebulTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebze.167
aRniSnul or doqtrinas Soris konceptualuri gansx-
vavebis miuxedavad, xSirad orive erTdroulad gamoi-
yeneba.SeiZlebaiTqvas,romorivedoqtrinisgamoyeneba
imas niSnavs, rom aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTiane-
bis wevrTa Soris ierarqiuli gansxvaveba arsebobs. amis
gamo, zemoaRniSnuli gansxvaveba mniSvnelobas kargavs.
faqtiurad, amgvari gansxvaveba gamosadegia mxolod
I kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciisTvis, romelic Tanaamsruleblobis formiTaa
gagebuli da tipiurad gamoxatavs mis wevrebs Soris
horizontalur damokidebulebas. piriqiT, II da III kat-
166
See on this structural difference also Osiel, supra note 57, at 797; idem
supra note 1, at 1769 et seq. citirebulia: ix. Kai Ambos, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 180.
167
ix. iqve, gv. 179-180.

149. 148
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
SemTxvevaSi, saSualo an maRali rangis meTaurma Sei-
Zleba xeli Seuwyos danaSaulis Cadenas da garkveul
SemTxvevebSi dakargos kontroli maTdami daqvemde-
barebulTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebze. es ki imaze miu-
TiTebs, rom moqmedebas da umoqmedobas Soris antago-
nizmi gamoiyeneba mxolod erTpirovnulad Cadenil da-
naSaulebTan (single crimes) da ara erToblivad Cadenil
danaSaulebTan mimarTebiT.168
`yovelSemTxvevaSi,gaerTianebuldanaSaulebrivorga-
nizaciasa da brZanebis gacemas Soris gansxvaveba ierar-
qiuli organizaciis safuZvelze moqmedebaze batono-
bis, e.w. Organisationsherrschaft, TeoriiT xorcieldeba,169
romelic miznad isaxavs ufrosTa qmedebebi daukav-
Siros maTi interesebidan gamomdinare Cadenil da-
naSaulebs. es Teoria aris amsruleblobis forma, ro-
melic aRiarebulia sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 25(3)(a) muxlis me-3 alter-
nativiT (`SualobiTi amsrulebloba~, `Through another
person~).170
am Teoriis mixedviT, `ukan mdgomi adamiani~
batonobs uSualo amsrulebelze ierarqiuli Zalau-
flebis organizaciuli mowyobis saSualebiT (aixmani,
168
ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 180-181.
169
See the fundamental work of C. Roxin, Täterschaft und Taterrschaft (8th
edn, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006), 242-252, 704-717; see also Ambos, supra
note 101, 509 et se. (Allgemeiner Teil), 216 et seq. (Parte General) with re-
frencent (critical) discussion more resently, Kress and Radtke, 153 goltdam-
er’s Archiv Für strafrecht (GA) (2006) 304 et seq., 350 et se. For a good
explanation in English see Osiel, supra note , 1892 et seq. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 181.
170
Concurring, G. Werle, Prinsiples of Internationals riminal Law (The
Hague: TMS Asser Press 2005), at 124 with note 196. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 182.

150. 149
argentineli generlebi da aRmosavleT germaniis saz-
Rvarze ganxorcielebuli mkvlelobebi)171
da SeiZleba
msgavsebebi moiZebnos niurnbergis procesis saqmee-
bidan.172
faqtiurad, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciisgan gansxvavebiT igi naxulobs sakmaod
myar kanonier dasayrdens yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1)
muxlSi mocemul termin `ganxorcielebaSi,~ romelSic
moiazreba piris uSualo an SualobiTi gziT fizikurad
an sxvagvarad monawileoba danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
ganxorcielebaSi moqmedebiT, anda savaldebulo mo-
qmedebisgan Tavis SekavebiT, romelic mas individu-
alurad an sxvasTan erTad unda ganexorcielebina.173
es gulisxmobs danaSaulis Cadenas rogorc SualobiT
amsruleblobiT (indirect commission, perpetration by means),174
aseve organizaciul batonobas (Organisationsherrschaft).
naTelia, rom am doqtrinis sakvanZo sakiTxia is, rom
xelmZRvanels (mastermaind) an `ukan mdgom pirs~ SeuZlia
Tu ara ganaxorcielos danaSauli uSualo amsrulebel-
171
See for refrences K. Ambos, in O. Triffterer (ed.), Commentary of the
Rome Statute Of the ICC (1999), Art. 25, arginal note 10. Crit. Kreß, supra
note 149, 306. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.181.
172
Judjment, U.S. v. altsteotter et al. (Justice Trial), US Military Tribunal set-
ting at Nuremberg, 4 December 1947, in: Trials of War Criminals (US-GPO,
1947), 954, at 985: ‘conscious participation in a nationwide government-
organized system of cruelty and injustice’ (amphasis added). citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv.182.
173
stakič Trial Judjment, supra note 4, § 439 (emphasis edded). citire-
bulia: iqve, gv. 182.
174
Ibid., § 439 with note, § 741. See on stakič, Hann, supra note 80, at 197;
H. Olásolo and C. Pérez, ‘The Nation of Control of the Crime and its Applica-
tion by the ICTY in the Stakic case’, 4 ICLR (2004), 475 et seq. (478-479).
citirebulia: iqve, gv.182.

151. 150
ze organizaciuli mowyobilobiT, romelic mis mieraa
Seqmnili an romelzec igi batonobs.~175
`Tuki SualobiTi amsrulebeli (`Man in the bechground~)
TiTqmis ver akontrolebs pasuxismgebel pirebs, maSin
amgvari ukamrisoba kompensirdeba im mowyobilobiT,
romelic warmoSobs danaSaulis ganxorcielebisTvis
potenciurad Tanxmobis mimcemTa ganusazRvrel am-
sruleblebs. sxva sityvebiT, rom iTqvas, imis miuxe-
davad, rom uSualo amsruleblebis, romlebic sruli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobiT moqmede-
ben, moqmedebebi ar SeiZleba ubralod SualobiTi ams-
ruleblobis Semcvlel aqtebad miviCnioT, radgan
`sistemam~, faqtiurad SemcvlelTa ganusazRvreli
raodenoba unda moicavas da amis gamo, iseTi maRali
xarisxi moqnilobas mivaRwioT, rac aucilebelia per-
sonalTa mier konkretuli danaSaulebis Casadenad.
amasTan, vinaidan amgvari kontrolis cneba emyareba
zemodan qvemoT ierarqiul mowyobis funqcionirebas,
igi saeWvoa yvela saxis danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
mimarT gamoviyenoT.176
amgvari midgoma sakmaod natu-
ralisturi da meqanikuri iqneba, rac SeewinaaRmdegeba
am Teoriis normatiul safuZvlebs.177
Tumca, pirTa
mcire wres SeuZlia aucileblobisas uecrad Secvalos
erTi amsrulebeli meoreTi, saxeldobr, is piri vinc
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis liderobas axorcielebs
an sul mcire organizaciis nawilis akontrolebs da
175
iqve, gv. 181-182.
176
Critical Osiel, supra note 1, at 1833 et seq., 1861, arguing for an applica-
tion of Organisationsherrschaft only to relax the effective control require-
ment of command responsibility. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax.
naSromi, gv.182.
177
Dua to space constraints I cannot elaborate on this more; fundamentally, it
comes down to the question of liberty of the direct perpetrator operating in a
hierarchical organization vis à vis the tops executive(s) of this organization,
see Ambos, supra note 101, 594 et seq. (Allgemeiner Teil), 220 et seq. (Parte
General). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 182.

152. 151
amiT SesaZlebloba aqvs ibatonos gegmis ganxorciele-
baze, romelsac ar ewinaaRmdegebian organizaciis sxva
wevrebi. amis miuxedavad, aseTi wevrebi, zogadad, Sors
arian danaSaulebrivi moqmedebebis ganxorcielbisgan
da, Cveulebisamebr, SualobiT amsruleblebad an Tana-
monawileebad iTvlebian.178
faqtiurad, normatiuli
TvalsazrisiT, mTavari amsruleblebi, erTdroulad
danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis Tanamonawileebic arian
da Tanaamsruleblebic.~179
`dasasrul, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Organisationsherrschaft
doqtrina ganamtkicebs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciisa da brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismge-
blobis ZiriTad arss. pirveli, pasuxismgeblobis indi-
vidualurad dakisrebis tradiciuli sistema, romlis
mixedviTac, danaSauli gvevlineba, rogorc danaSau-
lis erTpirovnulad ganxorcieleba, SeiZleba SeeTav-
sos saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis moTxovnebs, ro-
melic mimarTulia Sereuli individualur-koleqti-
uri pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebisken, sadac danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianeba an organizacia moiazreba, maTi,
178
See e.g. Osiel, supra note 57, at 807 who, however, apparently fails to
grasp the different forms of participation provided for by the differentiated
concept of perpetration according to which Organizationsherrschaft is more
than mere accessorship. Further, it is misleading to state that prosecutors in
Latin America (ibid., at 808) ‘rely heavily on… superior responsibility’. The
truth is that most prosecutors invoke Roxin’s theory, especially the Organisa-
tionsherrschaftslehre, since it can be based on the general rules of perpetra-
tion b means (autoria mediata) which are – unlike the command responsibil-
ity doctrine – well recognized in civil law systems (as latin America). Finally,
the fine Distinctions between modes of participation discussed in a differenti-
ated system of perpetration as the German or Spanish one demonstrate that
‘simplicity’ is not, as suggested by Osiel, supra note 1, at 1753, the preferred
option for criminal law doctrine, at least not for that of the core civil law
countries. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 183.
179
Cf. H. Vest, genozid durch organisatorische Machtapparate (Baden-Baden:
Nomos, 2002), at 220, 249. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 182-183.

153. 152
rogorc erTi mTliani samarTlis subieqtis, sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis safuZvlad
gvevlineba. mas doqtrinam uwoda Zurechnungsprinzip Gesa-
mttat180
, e.i. Seracxvis principis anu Teoriiis Tanxmad,
`erToblivi qmedeba~ (`global act~) (danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizacia) Seracxvis centraluri obieqtia. garkveul-
wilad, es doqtrina aerTianebs mocemul statiaSi (igu-
lisxmeba ambosis es ukanaskneli statia. SeniSvna Cemia
_ i.d.) warmodgenil Teoriebs da ganamtkicebs gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis centralur
sakiTxs, sadac danaSaulebrivi organizacia Seracx-
vis sawyis sakiTxadaa warmodgenili saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTalSi. meore, yvela aRniSnuli Teoriis
saerTo mizania sistemis farglebSi individualurad
Cadenili danaSaulebis organizaciis Tu gaerTianebis
im liderebisTvis, `xelmZRvanelebisTvis~ Seracxva,
romelTac dabali rangis amsruleblebisa da saSualo
donis CinovnikTa bedi erovnul sisxlissamarTlebriv
marTlmsajulebas miandes. dasasrul, da ara ukanaskne-
lad, liderTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
gulisxmobs maTTvis Seracxul qmedebaTa Tavisebur
(normatiul) kontrols da inteleqtualur Tvisebas,
rac maT akavSirebs am qmedebebTan, riTac daculia
braleulobis principi.~181
`imisTvis, rom pasuxi gaeces `Tanaamsruleblobas~, ro-
gorc pasuxismgeblobis formas, braldebam gonivruli
eWvis gareSe unda daamtkicos, rom: 1) or an met pirs So-
180
On this new consept of attribution for collective criminality see the funda-
mental work of F. Dencker, Kausalität und Gesamttat (Berlin: Duncker unda
Humblot, 1996), 125 et seq., 152 et seq., 229, 253 et seq. and passim. The
consept was further elaborated by Vest, supra note 158, at 214 et seq., 303, 304
et seq., 359 et seq. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 183.
181
iqve, gv.183.

154. 153
ris iyo aSkara SeTanxmeba an faruli Tanxmoba saerTo
miznis gansaxorcieleblad, 2) rac miiRweva koordini-
rebuli erToblivi moqmedebiT da 3) danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis erToblivi kontroli xorcieldeboda. sta-
kiCis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis mixedviT, Tanaams-
ruleblebma SeiZleba maTi gegmis mxolod realizeba
moaxdinon, ramdenadac isini erToblivad moqmedeben,
magram TiToeul maTgans SeuZlia Caagdos mTliani
gegma, Tu igi mis nawils ar Seasrulebs. am zRvramde,
yoveli Tanaamsrulebeli akontrolebs moqmedebas.182
sakuTari poziciis naTelsayofad, sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebaSi miTiTebuli iyo profesor Kklaus roqsinis
magaliTze: `Tu ori adamiani erToblivad marTavs qvey-
anas, isini erToblivad batonoben (am sityvis pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT); tipiur Sedegebad mxolod isini miiCne-
va, romlebic damokidebulia sxva Tanaamsruleblebze.~
amis sawinaaRmdego mxarea is, rom Tanamonawileobaze
xelis aRebiT yovel pirs SeuZlia individualurad
CaSalos qmedebis ganxorcieleba.~183
`bralad Seracxuli konkretuli danaSaulis mens
rea-sTvis damatebiT aucilebelia, am formis pasux-
ismgeblobis dasakisreblad dadgindes: 1) orive mxars
gacnobierebuli unda hqondes, rom danaSauli mniS-
vnelovani albaTobiT ganxorcieldeba; 2) braldebu-
lebs gacnobierebuli unda hqondeT maTi rolis mniS-
182
Stakić Trial judgment, para. 440 quoting Claus Roxin, (Tätetrschaft und
Tatherrschaft „Perpetration and Control over the act” (Berlin, Hew York,
1994) 278. citirebulia: Mohamed Elewara Badar, “Just Convict Ev-
eryone!” – Joint Perpetration: From Tadić to Stakić and Back Again, Inter-
national Criminal Law Review 6: 293–302, 2006. 293, Koninklijke Brill NV.
Printed in the Netherlands, 2006, p. 296.
183
Stakić Trial judgment, para. 440 (footnotes omitted). citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 296.

155. 154
vneloba.184
warmodginel saqmeSi mocemuli faqtebis
mimarT sasamarTlo am formis pasuxismgeblobis gamoy-
enebisas darwmunebiT miuTiTebda: `doqtor stakiCma
icoda, rom misi, rogorc priedoris (Prijedor) xelmZR-
vaneli politikosis, roli da Tanamdeboba, arsebiTi
xasiaTis iyo saerTo miznis gansaxorcieleblad. man
icoda, rom sakuTari Zalauflebis gamoyenebiT, raTa
pasuxisgebaSi mieca danaSaulis Camdenni, araserbi war-
moSobis xalxTa dacviT an daxmarebiT, xelmZRvaneli
Tanamdebobidan gadadgomiT, xels SeuSlida serbTa mu-
nicipalitets miznis ganxorcielebaSi.~185
`stakiCis saqmis am specifikur nawilSi sasamarTlo
palatam gamoiyena danaSaulis ganxorcielebis ori
formis kombinacia, romelsac germanul sisxlis samar-
TalSi Mittäterschaft (`co-perpetration~) da mittelbare Täterschaft
(`perpetrator behind the direct perpetrator~). amgvarma midgomam
wertili dausva xangrZliv diskusias imis Sesaxeb, rom
TanamonawileTagan, _ vinc danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
ganaxorciela, romelic danaSaulis actus rea-s nawilic
ki ar aris, magram gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa mis ganx-
orcielebaSi, _ unda CaiTvalos Tanaamsruleblad Tu
ubralo Tanamonawiled. qvemoaRniSnuli hipoTeturi
SemTxveva kargad warmoaCens am sakiTxs. a., b. da c. SeT-
anxmdebian eTnikuri jgufis mosaspobad, xolo d. mowam-
lavs mTavr wyalsadens, riTac am jgufs yoveldRiuri
wyali miewodeba. c. eqspertia qimiis dargSi, romelic
a-s da b-s sakmarisi raodenobis sawamlaviT moamaragebs.
a. da b. danaSaulebriv moqmedebas ganaxorcieleben
walsadenSi sawamlavis CasxmiT. c. Tanaamsrulebelia
Tu ubralo Tanamonawile? stakiCis saqmis mixedviT, c.
184
Stakić Trial judgment, para. 495-497. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 296.
185
Mohamed Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 296.

156. 155
Tanaamsrulebelia da ara ubralo Tanamonawile.186
c-s
gamoCena SemTxvevis adgilze, rodesac actus rea (danaSau-
lebrivi qmedeba) ganxorcielebulia, araa aucilebeli
misi Tanaamsruleblad ganxilvisTvis, rogorc amas
stakiCis saqmeSi mocemuli koncefcia moiTxovs.~187
`Tumca erTi sakiTxi araa gadawyvetili sasamarTlo
palatis mier, stakiCis saqmidan gamomdinare, pasux-
ismgeblobis am formisTvis. sirTules warmoSobs
iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac danaSaulis definicia an
buneba icvleba danaSaulis Camden TanaamsrulebelTa
ganzraxvisa Tu codnis Sesabamisad. ismis kiTxva: moax-
dens Tu ara gavlenas amgvari ganzraxva Tu codna sxva
Tanaamsruleblebze, romlebic monawileoben gansax-
ilveli danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi. amis sailustra-
ciod qvemoaRniSnuli magaliTi gamodgeba. a., b. da c.,
romelTac maRali Tanamdebobda ukaviaT X qveyanaSi,
SeTanxmdebian, rom mTavrobis opoziciis wevrebis gas-
anadgureblad farTomasStabiani da sistematuri kam-
pania wamoiwyon. am SeTanxmebis ganxorcielebisas c.
gadawyvets, rom aseve gaenadgurebina X saxelmwifos
politikis mimarT opoziciurad ganwyobili religi-
uri jgufi mTlianad an nawilobriv. ganaxorcieles
Tu ara a-m da b-m genocidi?188
gasaocaria, rom mesame
186
See supra notes 19, 20 and the accompanying text. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 297.
187
unda iyos Tu ara yoveli Tanaamsrulebeli danaSau-
lis adgilze, maSin rodesac danaSauli ganxorciele-
bulia, anda momzadebis stadiaze wvlilis Setana aris
Tu ara sakmarisi, germanul sisxlis samarTalSi ganx-
ilvis sagnadaa qceuli. ix. Albin Eser, supra note 24, at 791, fn.
95. citirebulia: Mohamed Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 297
(iqve, sqolio 27).
188
pasuxi SeiZleba moiZebnos egviptis sisxlis samarT-

157. 156
kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis mixedviT,189
a-s da b-s mxolod maSin daekisrebaT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba genocidisT-
vis, Tu es iyo wamowyebuli danaSaulebrivi gegmis aR-
srulebis bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebi
(ganadgureba, rogorc adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tuli danaSauli).~190
`kai hamdorfi (Kai Hamdorf) gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizacias aanalizebs eqvsi SemTxvevis
fonze, sadac a. da b. danaSaulis monawileebi arian:
1. a-m ici, rom b-s ganzraxuli aqvs c-s mokvla, magram
ar icis b-s mier Cafiqrebuli detalebi;
2. a-m icis, rom b-m unda Caidinos ama Tu im sferoSi
danaSauli, magram ar icis b-s mier Cafiqrebuli de-
talebi;
lis kodeqsis 39(2)-e muxlSi, romlis mixedviTac: `piri,
rogorc amsrulebeli monawileobs danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebaSi:
1. Tu igi romelime danaSauls erTpirovnulad an sxvasTan
erTad ganaxorcielebs, an
2. Tu igi ori an meti qmedebisgan Semdgari danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebaSi Segnebulad monawileobs am danaSaulis
Semadgeneli erTi an ramdenime qmedebis ganxorcielebiT.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ama Tu im amsruleblis iseTi per-
sonaluri garemoebani, romlebic icvleba sxva ams-
rulebelTan mimarTebiT, an danaSaulis bunebas an das-
jadobas, amgvar garemoebaTa Sedegebi ar vrceldeba
danaSaulSi monawile sxva amsruleblebze. msgavsi wese-
bi moqmedebs, Tu danaSaulis buneba icvleba ganzraxvis
an codnis cvlilebasTan erTad.~citirebulia: Mohamed
Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 297 (iqve, sqolio 28).
189
See Section 2.1.3 of the present case note. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 297.
190
iqve, gv. 296-297.

158. 157
3. a-m icis, rom Tu garkveuli garemoebebi warmoiSoba,
b. konkretul danaSauls Caidens;
4. a-m icis, rom Tu garkveuli garemoebebi warmoiSoba,
b-m SeiZleba konkretuli danaSauli Caidinos;
5. a-s da b-s erToblivi gegma gaaCniaT, magram b. SemTx-
veviT saerTo gegmiT gauTvaliswinebel gansxvave-
bul danaSauls Caidens;
6. 6) a-s da b-s erToblivi gegma gaaCniaT, magram b. ganz-
rax iseT danaSauls Caidens, romelic scdeba saerTo
gegmis farglebs.~191
hamdorfi amsruleblobis saxeebs ganixilavs german-
uli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT.192
aq warmovadgenT
amsruleblobis mxolod im saxes, romelic qarTuli
sisxlis samarTlisTvis erTob aqtualuria. `germaniis
federalurma sasamarTlom, ZiriTadad, es doqtrina
praqtikulad gamoiyena germaniis gaerTianebis Semdeg,
rodesac aRmosavleT germanelma jariskacebma cecxli
gauxsnes im moqalaqeebs, romlebic cdilobdnen aR-
mosavleT germaniis kedlis gadalaxvas (e.w. Mauerschüt-
zen anu `kedlis msrolelebi~). sasamarTlom damnaSaved
scno `erovnuli Tavdacvis sabWos~ wevrebi. am or-
ganom gasca brZaneba kedlis Sida mxridan `nebismieri
saSualebiT~ aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken kedlis
gadalaxvis aRsakveTad. maT icodnen, rom amis gansaxor-
cieleblad gamoyenebuli iqneboda 47-e modelis kalaS-
nikovi, romelsac dabali sizustis damizneba gaaCnia.
mesazRvre jariskacebs ganucxades, rom Tu vinme moax-
erxebda sazRvris bednierad gadalaxvas, maT mimarT
dadgeboda garkveuli Sedegebi. maT aseve uTxres, rom
sroliT an naRmiT dazaralebuli pirebis mimarT gamoy-
191
Kai Hamdorf, The Concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise and Domestic
Modes of Liability for Parties to a Crime, A Comparison of German and Eng-
lish Law, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 208-226, Oxford
University Press, 2007, p. 209.
192
ix. iqve, gv. 211.

159. 158
enebuli samaSvelo RonisZiebebs TavSekavebulad unda
midgomodnen. amasTan, saavadmyofoebs ar unda gaegoT
Wrilobis mizezi.~193
`savaldebulo araa, rom Tanaamsrulebeli danaSau-
lis uSualod ganxorcielebisas danaSaulis adgilze
imyofebodnen. pirs pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekis-
ros, magaliTad, yaCaRobis xelmZRvanelobisTvis Tu
mas ekuTvnis danaSaulis idea, an agrovebda informa-
cias bankis, seifis an naRdi fulis Sesaxeb. es gansa-
kuTrebiT naTlad dasturdeba organizebuli danaSau-
lisas, rodesac organizaciis bosi, rogorc wesi, ar
imyofeba danaSaulis adgilze, magram akontrolebs
yovel nabijs da aqvs drois nebismier momentSi SeaCe-
ros danaSaulis ganxorcieleba.194
savaldebulo araa
amsrulebelma icodes yvela detali, magram man unda
icodes misi ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. sxva sityvebiT, rom
iTqvas, araa savaldebulo Tanaamsrulebelma winas-
war icodes TanaamsrulebelTa yvela moqmedeba, ma-
gram saerTo bunebis Sesaxeb yovelma Tanaamsrule-
belma unda icodes.195
TiToeul Tanaamsrulebels unda
gaaCndes ganzraxva danaSaulis, saerTo gegmisa da Ta-
naamsrulebelTa erToblivi moqmedebis formebis Ses-
axeb. aqedan gamomdinare, Tanaamsrulebloba gamor-
icxulia TviTimedovnebiTa da daudevrobiT Cadenil
193
BGHSt 40, 218; BGHSt 42,68 (regarding a regimental commander at the
border); BGHSt 45, 296 (for members of the ‘Politbüro des Zentralkomitees
der SED’); BGHSt 40, 316 (regarding the falsification of the result of an elec-
tion); Cramer and Heine, supra note 4, at 530 margin 25-25a; Roxin, ibid., at
margin 128. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 211-212.
194
BGHSt 32, 178; Tröndle and Fischer, ibid., at 216 margin 6. citirebu-
lia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212.
195
Jescheck andWeigend, supra note 5, at 678; Kühl, supra note 5, at 817;
Roxin, supra note 5, at 81. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 212.

160. 159
danaSaulebSi.~196
`Tanamonawile (wamqezebeli da damxmare), rogorc wesi,
pasuxs agebs mxolod maSin, Tu amsrulebelma danaSauli
ganaxorciela. ase vTqvaT, amsrulebelma, sul mcire,
iseTi ganzraxi marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis mcdelo-
ba mainc unda ganaxorcielos, romelic Tanamonawiles
hqonda Cafiqebuli. c-s mosaklavad a-s mxridan b-sT-
vis mxolod daxmarebis mcdeloba, germaniis sisxlis
samarTlis mixedviT, danaSauls ar warmadgens, Tuki
b. raime nabijebs ar gadadgams c-s mosaklavad. waqeze-
bis mcdeloba mxolod garkveul SemTxvevebSi isjeba.
TanamonawileTa dasjadoba araa damokidebuli ams-
ruleblis braleulobaze (e.w. limitirebuli aqsceso-
ruloba). savaldebulo araa, rom TviT amsruleblis
brali dadgindes. im pirebs, vinc uSualod ar axorcie-
leben danaSauls, pasuxismgebloba maSinac daekisre-
baT, Tu amsruleblis brali ver dadgindeba, magali-
Tad, imis gamo, rom igi fsiqikuradaa daavadebuli da
man, sul mcire, ganzrax marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba
ganaxorciela.~197
`gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan mi-
marTebiT, sadavoa Tanamonawileobisa da ganzraxva/
gaufrTxileblobis sakiTxi: ra moxdeba Tuki Tana-
monawileTa jgufis wevri (amsrulebeli an Tana-
196
Cramer and Heine, supra note 4, at 518 margin 115. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 212.
197
germanuli samarTlis mixedviT, qmedeba maSinac
SeiZleba marTlsawinaaRmdego iyos, Tu samarTal-
damrRvevi fsiqikurad avadmyofi iyo. citirebulia: Kai
Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212-213 (iqve, sqolio 12).

161. 160
monawile) SecdomiT an ganzrax ganaxorcielebs dana-
Sauls, romelic zustad ar Seesabameba saerTo mizans?
aseTi situacia SeiZleba warmoiSvas SualobiTi ams-
ruleblobis drosac.~198
`yoveli monawilisTvis saerTo wesia is, rom maT pasux-
ismgebloba mxolod maSin daekisroT, Tu qmedebis obi-
eqturi Semadgenloba maTi ganzraxviT iyo moculi. Su-
alobiT amsrulebels ar daekisreba pasuxismgebloba,
Tu cocxalma iaraRma sruliad sxva danaSauli Caidina.
arc Tanaamsrulebels daekisreba pasuxismgebloba
im danaSaulisTvis, romelic sxva Tanaamsrulebelma
Caidina da es danaSauli ar Seesabameba sarTo gegmas
(aseve wydeba sakiTxi Tanamonawilisa da amsruleblis
mier ganxorcielebuli danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSic).199
magaliTad, a-m da b-m gadawyvites bankze yaCaRuri Tav-
dasxmis ganxorcieleba. b-s Tan hqonda cecxlsasroli
iaraRi, ris Sesaxebac ar uTqvams a-sTvis. a. da b. gar-
bodnen policiisgan. am dros b-m esrola policiel
c-s, romelic gardaicvala. am SemTxvevaSi a. pasuxs ar
agebs mkvlelobisTvis.200
uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier
ganxiluli SemTxvevis mixedviT,201
adamianTa erTi jgu-
fi SeTanxmdeba meore jgufis sacemad. uecrad erTi
jgufis wevri amoiRebs danas da moklavs meore jgufis
wevrs. sasamarTlom gansasjeli gaamarTla aramarto
198
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 215.
199
BGHSt 36, at 231; Cramer and Heine, supra note 4, at 542 margin 94;
Jescheck and Weigend, supra note 5, at 677; Kühl, supra note 5, at 817;
Roxin, supra note 5, at 80; Tröndle and Fischer, supra note 7, at 217 mar-
gin 8a. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 215.
200
See for example RGSt 44, 321 - a judgment of 2 February 1911 - where
the common plan was to inflict bodily harm and suddenly one perpetrator
killed the victim. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 215.
201
RGSt 67, 367, judgment of 23 November 1933. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 215.

162. 161
mkvlelobis, aramed iaraRiT janmrTelobis dazianebis
nawilSi, imis miuxedavad, rom gansasjeli pirveli jgu-
fis wevri iyo da igi iziarebda saerTo gegmas janmrT-
elobis dazianebis Sesaxeb, romlisTvisac mas daekisra
pasuxismgebloba, magram ar daekisra iaraRis gamoy-
enebisTvis, romlis winaswarganWvreta mas ar SeeZlo.
uzenaesi sasarTlos gadawyvetilebis mixedviT, a. da b.
varaudobdnen, rom maT marTlzomieri SesaZlebloba
aqvT c-sgan moiTxovon 16.20 germanuli marka, risTvis
maT dauwyes cema. am Tavisi kuTvnili 16.20 germanuli
marka aiRo, xolo b-m meti aiRo. mxolod b-s Seeracxa
yaCaRoba, xolo a-s pasuxismgebloba cemisTvis daekis-
ra.202
sxva SemTxvevis mixedviT, a-m da b-m gadawyvites c-s
ugono mdgomareobaSi Cagdeba garkveuli sasmeliT da
amis Semdeg mis winaRmdeg qurdobis ganxorcieleba. c-m
adreulad gaiRviZa da b-s daesxa Tavs. b-m boTli aiRo
da ramdenimejer Caartya mas. a. gaiqca saxlidan, radgan
policiis mxridan Sepyrobis SeeSinda. mas Semdeg, rac a.
gaiqca, b-m c. daaxrCo. mxolod b-s daekisra pasuxismge-
bloba mkvlelobisTvis.203
amis miuxedavad, problema
SeiZleba warmoiSvas, maSin Tu ganxorcielebuli moq-
medeba mTlianad ar gansxvavdeba SualobiTi amsrule-
blis an Tanamonawilis ganzraxvisgan an Tanaamsrule-
belTa saerTo gegmisgan.~
`pirs SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebaSi amsruleblis danaSaulebrivi ganzaxvis
gaziarebis gareSe, Tumca am dros igi xels unda uwyob-
des danaSaulis CadenaSi. daxmarebis da waqezebis obi-
202
BGH, Goldtammers Archiv (1968) 121. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 215.
203
BGH, Neue JuristischeWochenschrift, (1973) 377. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 215-216.

163. 162
eqturi elementebi Sedgeba praqtikuli xelSewyobis,
gamxnevebis an moraluri daxmarebisgan, romelic mom-
dinareobs amsruleblis Tanamonawileebisgan (saxel-
dobr, ZiriTadi danaSaulis organizatorisgan); dasas-
rul, xelSewyoba sxva moqmedebebSic SeiZleba gamoixa-
tos, romelsac SeuZlia arsebiTi gavlena iqonios dana-
Saulis ganxorcielebaze. TanamonawileTa subieqturi
elementi gulisxmobs imis codnas, rom `maTi moqmedeba
xels uwyobs amsrulebels danaSaulis ganxorciele-
baSi.~ (amgvari damajerebeli argumentebi warmoadgina
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlo palatam furunZijas (Furundžija) saqmeze ( § §
190-249); aseve ixileT musemas (Musema, § 126), aleqsovs-
kis (Aleksovski, § 63), kuraCis (Kunarac, § 391) da sxvaTa
saqmeebi.~204
`amrigad, gansxvavebiT winandeli ganxilvebisgan, dax-
marebisa da waqezebisTvis aucilebeli araa imis gaT-
valiswineba, rom damxmare da wamqezebeli iziareben
amsruleblis saerTo gegmas an mizans an mis danaSau-
lebriv ganzraxvas an danaSaulis subieqturi Semad-
genlobis sxva formas; rogorc yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo pala-
tam aRniSna tadiCis saqmeze, `amsrulebelma SeiZleba
arc ki icodes TanamonawileTa daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ ( §
229). savaldebuloa is, rom damxmare an xelSemwyobma
pirma unda icodes, rom misi moqmedeba amsrulebels an
amsruleblebs uzrunvelyofs an exmareba danaSaulis
CadenaSi.~205
`furunZijas saqmis ganxilvisas yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos damna-
Saved scno, bosniel xorvatTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
204
Antonio Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 188.
205
iqve, gv. 188.

164. 163
oficeri, romelic sxva oficris mier gaupatiurebis
ganxorcielebis adgilze imyofeboda da mis dakiTx-
vas awarmoebda. amgvari gadawyvetileba gamyarebuli
iyo imiT, rom es oficeri xels uwyobda, amxnevebda an
moralurad exmareboda, rac arsebiT gavlenas axdenda
sxva oficris mier danaSaulis Cadenaze, radgan man ico-
da, rom amgvari moqmedeba xels uwyobs danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebas. amis gamo, sasamarTlo palatam gansasje-
lebs brali dasdo piradi Rirsebis Seuracxyofis uxeS
darRvevaSi, maT Soris gaupatiurebaSi, daxmarebis da
waqezebisTvis ( § § 270-5).~206
`saerTo gegmis Tu monaxazis uSualod ganxorcielebas
da misTvis xelSewyobas Soris Semdegi gansxvavebaa:
1. `damxmare an wamqezebeli yovelTvis Tanamonawilea
amsruleblis mier Cadenil danaSaulSi;
2. daxmarebisa da waqezebisTvis damtkicebas ar sa-
Wiroebs, rom aucilebelia saerTo SeTanxmebuli
gegmis arseboba, rom araferi vTqvaT, amgvari gegmis
winaswarganWvretaze. savaldebulo araa gegmis an Se-
Tanxmebis arseboba: marTlac, amsrulebelma SeiZle-
ba arc ki icodes, rom Tanamonawile xels uwyobs mas;
3. damxmare an wamqezebeli axorcielebs iseT moqmede-
bebs, romlebic specialurad, pirdapiraa mimar-
Tuli gansakuTrebuli danaSaulebis (mkvleloba,
ganadgureba, gaupatiureba, wameba, moqalaqeTa sa-
kuTrebis umizezo dazianeba da a.S.) xelSesawyobad,
wasaqezeblad da moraluri mxardaWeriskenaa mimar-
Tuli da amgvar mxardaWeras arsebiTi mniSvneloba
aqvs danaSaulis Casadenad.
4. 4) daxmarebisa da waqezebis SemTxvaveSi, aucilebeli
inteleqtualuri elementia damxmarisa da wamqezeb-
lis mier imis codna, rom maT mier ganxorcielebuli
206
Antonio Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 189.

165. 164
qmedebebi mimarTulia amsruleblis mier Cadenili
konkretuli danaSaulis xelSesawyobad.~207
sisxlis samarTali miznad isaxavs aramxolod individe-
bis sisxlissamarTlebriv devnasa da maT dasjas, aramed
maTi braleulobis dadasturebas erToblivi moqmede-
bisTvis. swored amitomaa, rom sisxlis samarTlis Teo-
ria cdilobs Tanabrad gaanawilos gakicxva danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis elementebze. amisTvis saWiroa
sami moxerxebuli cnebis frTxili analizi. esenia: gan-
zraxva, winaswarganWvretadoba da braleuloba. saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis doqtrina gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Sesaxeb yovelTvis war-
matebul suraTs ver iZleva. warumateblobis Sedegi
nawilobriv doqtrinis fesvebSi unda veZeboT. doqtri-
na warmoiSva omis danaSaulze saerTaSoriso da erovnu-
li sasamarTloebis mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
ganxorcielebisas, romelsac adgili hqonda II msof-
lio omis Semdeg.208
sxvadasxva qveynebis tribunalebi
monawileobas iRebdnen saerTaSoriso samarTalSi mo-
cemuli omis danaSaulis elementTa interpretaciaSi,
207
Tadic Appeals Judgment, at para. 229. citirebulia: Attila Bogdan,
Individual Criminal Responsibility in the Execution of a “Joint Criminal En-
terprise” in the Jurisprudence of the ad hoc International Tribunal for the
Former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Law Review 6: 63–120, 2006. ©
2006 Koninklijke Brill NV. Printed in the Netherlands, p. 93.
208
See e.g. trial of Otto Sandrock and three others, bBritish Military
Court for the Trial of War Criminals; Trial of Gustav Alfred Jepsen and
others, Proceedings of a British War Crimes Trial held at Luneberg, Ger-
many (13-23 August 1946); Trial of Franz Schonfeld and others, Brit-
ish Military Court. For an axtensive discussion of the World War II case
law, see Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1-A), Appeals Chamber, 15 July 1999, §
195 passim (henceforth Tadić). See also A. Cassese, International Crimi-
nal Law (Oxford: OUP, 2003), 183-86. citirebulia: ix. Jens David
Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal
Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-90, Ox-
ford University Press, 2006, p. 70.

166. 165
ramac gamoiwvia ad hoc gadawyvetilebaTa dadgena. gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis ZiriTadi ar-
sis kodificirebulad warmodgenis mcdeloba arc yo-
fila. esaa anglo-amerikuli saerTo samarTlis ganvi-
Tarebis klasikuri magaliTi. amis gamo, gasakviri araa,
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia saer-
TaSoriso precedentul samarTalSi analizdeba.209
aqedan gamomdinare, qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis sain-
tereso iqneba anglo-amerikuli sisxlis samarTlisa da
romanul-germanuli sisxlis samarTlis urTierTSe-
darebis mixedviT Tanamonawileobis sayuradRebo
aspeqtebis mokle mimoxilva, rac ufro naTlad warmo-
aCens gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis re-
alur arss.
3.1 Tanamonawileoba inglisur sisxlis samarTalSi
`inglisis sisxlis samarTalSi amsruleblisa da Tana-
monawileTa gamijvnas didi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba,
rogorc es germanuli sisxlis samarTlisTvisaa damaxa-
siaTebeli, radgan pasuxismgeblobis orive formisTvis
sasjeli identuria da TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblo-
ba, _ gansxvavebiT germanuli sisxlis samarTlisgan, _
rogorc wesi, ar Semoifargleba amsruleblis da Tana-
monawileTa ganzraxi moqmedebiT. 1861 wlis kanonis me-8
muxlSi, romelic exeba Tanamonawileebs da wamqezeb-
els, 1977 wlis sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT Setanili
cvlileba Sevida, romlis mixedviT: is vinc daexmareba,
waaqezebs, rCevas miscems an uzrunvelyofs sisxlisa-
marTlebriv devnas daqvemdebarebul samarTaldarRve-
209
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine
of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5
(2007), 69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p 70.

167. 166
vas, romelic saerTo samarTlis an romelime kanoniT
danaSauladaa miCneuli, miecema samarTalSi, daiwyeba
mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da daisjeba
rogorc danaSaulis amsrulebeli.~210
`amis miuxedavad, gansxvavebas mniSvneloba eniWeba mkac-
ri da uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilis pasuxismgeblobi-
sas (strict and vicarious liability), iseve rogorc gansakuTreb-
uli klasis mier Casadeni danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi.
Tuki amsruleblis mier ganxorcielebuli danaSauli
mkacr pasuxismgeblobas eqvemdebareba, maSin sxva Tana-
monawileni pasuxismgebelni iqnebian, Tu damtkicdeba,
rom isini ZiriTadad moqmedebdnen xsenebuli means
reas-s Sesabamisad da uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilisT-
vis pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba mxolod amsrulebels
daekisros. iq, sadac danaSaulisTvis savaldebuloa,
rom damnaSave gansakuTrebul klass miekuTvnebodes
(magaliTad, sasamarTlo nebarTvis mflobeli), gamor-
icxulia am klasSi arSemavali piris, rogorc amsrule-
blis, pasuxismgebloba. aq pasuxismgebloba mxolod
TanamonawileobisTvis SeiZleba dadges.211
garkveul
SemTxvevebSi, sasamarTlo naTlad ar gansazRvravs,
piri rogorc amsrulebeli Tu rogorc Tanamonawilea
pasuxismgebeli, manamde ki, yoveli maTgani ase Tu ise
Tanabrad isjeba.~212
210
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 218.
211
M.J. Allen, Textbook on Criminal Law (8th edn., Oxford: Oxford Univer-
sity Press, 2005), 199; Smith & Hogan, Criminal Law (11th edn., Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2005), 165. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 218.
212
Allen, ibid., at199; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 164, submitting that ‘[i]t has
always been sufficient to prove that the defendant was either the principal or
a secondary party . . . [b]ut the charge should, wherever possible, specify the
actual mode of participation alleged’. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 218.

168. 167
`sakmaod naTeli da formaluri midgomaa gamovlenili
amsrulebelTa da TanamonawileTa gasamijnad: is, vinc
uSualod axorcielebs danaSaulis obieqtur Semad-
genlobas (acrus rea) amsrulebelia, xolo danaSaulSi
monawile danarCeni pirebi Tanamonawileebad ganixile-
bian.213
amgvari midgoma gamoiyeneba maSinac, rodesac
ori borotmoqmedi danaSauls erToblivad axorcie-
lebs. isini orive amsruleblad ganixilebian, Tu erTo-
blivad axorcieleben Sesabamisi danaSaulis Semadgen-
lobas, rac gaerTianebuli Zalisxmevis Sedegia. magal-
iTad, bankze yaCaRuri Tavdasxmisas erTi bankis Tanam-
Sromlebis mimarT axorcielebs muqaras, xolo meore
tomaraSi fuls yris. amasTan, maT mier Sesrulebuli
danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenloba unda moicavdes
danaSaulis erToblivad Cadenas. mZRoli ki, ganixileba
Tanamonawiled, maSinac ki, Tu igi iyo bandis meTauri,
gegma SeimuSava, manqana gaitaca, daaTvaliera banki
yaCaRobis ganxorcielebamde da a.S. germanul sisxlis
samarTalSi ki, amgvarad monawile piri SesaZlebelia
Tanaamsruleblad iqnes ganxiluli. amgvari formal-
uri midgomidan, gamonaklisia SualobiTi amsrule-
bloba, rodesac amsrulebeli danaSauls axorcielebs
pasuxismgeblobis asaks miuRweveli piris, fsiqiurad
daavadebulis, danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis
naklulobisas an iZulebisas.214
cocxali iaraRis gam-
oyenebas doqtrina uaryofs im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
amsrulebelma personalurad unda ganaxorcielos da-
naSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba, magaliTad, orco-
lianoba an gaupatiureba.215
(Tumca, gaupatiurebasTan
213
Allen, ibid., at 198; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at166. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 218.
214
Allen, ibid., at 198; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at167. citirebulia: Kai
Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 219.
215
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at168.The same applies under German law for the
so-called ‘eigenhändige Delikte’. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 219.

169. 168
dakavSirebiT es azri miuRebelia Cveni kanonmdeblobis
mixedviT. SeniSvna Cemia _ i.d.). iq sadac cocxali iara-
Ris Sesaxeb doqtrina gamoiyeneba, sruliad SesaZle-
belia ori an meti borotmoqmedi ganvixiloT Tanaams-
ruleblebad, Tundac isini ar eswrebodnen danaSaulis
dasrulebis moments.~216
`daxmarebis, waqezebisa da rCevis micemisTvis dawese-
buli Tanamonawileobis pasuxismgebloba ar miTxovs
mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenas TanamonawileTa moq-
medebasa da amsruleblis mier ganxorcielebul da-
naSauls Soris; sakmarisia, rom damxmarem amsruleb-
els SesaZlebloba misces danaSauli Caidinos ufro
advilad, droulad da saimedod, maSinac ki, Tu Tana-
monawilis Carevis gareSec danaSauli bolomde mivi-
doda.217
damxmare maSinac ki isjeba, rodesac man mkv-
leli danaSaulis adgilze miiyvana, magram mkvleloba
mxolod 13 saaTis Semdeg ganxorcielda.218
wamqezebeli
maSinac isjeba, rodesac amsrulebels ukve danaSaulis
Cadena gadawyvetili aqvs.219
`uzrunvelyofa TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobis
oTxive formas Soris yvelaze uzogadesia da danaSau-
lis gansaxorcieleblad warmoebul yvela moqmedebas
moicavs. uzrunvelmyofi (procurer) ar imyofeba danaSau-
lis faqtiurad ganxorcielebis adgilze, Tumca uz-
216
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 168. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 218-219.
217
Allen, supra note 32, at 201; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 172. citirebu-
lia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 219.
218
Bryce (2004) EWCA Crim1231 and (2004) Crim LR 936. citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv. 219.
219
Smith & Hogan, supra note 32, at 173 with reference to Gianetto (1996)
Crim LR 722, giving the example: ‘I am going to kill your wife’; Husband:
‘Oh goody’. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 219.

170. 169
runvelyofasa da danaSauls Soris mizezobrivi kav-
Siri unda dadgindes.~220
`Tanamonawilis pasuxismgebloba araa damokidebuli
uSualo amsrulebelze. wamqezebels pasuxismgebloba
SeiZleba daekisros ganzraxi danaSaulisTvis, maSinac
ki, rodesac uSualo amsrulebeli ganzrax ar moqmedebs.
aseT SemxvevebSi, wamqezebeli, umeteswilad, isjeba
rogorc SualobiTi amsrulebeli, magram mas rogorc
wamqezebels SeiZleba daekisros pasuxismgebloba, Tuki
danaSaulis aRweriloba isea formulirebuli, rom
piris ganxilva ar SeiZleba damnaSaved.~221
`Tanamonawilis subieqturi SemadgenlobisTvis auci-
lebeli pirobebia: 1) Tanamonawiles ganzraxuli unda
hqondes danaSaulSi daxmareba, danaSaulis waqezeba, an
_ uzrunvelyofis SemTxvevaSi _ danaSaulis gamowve-
va, 2) Tanamonawiles gacnobierebuli unda hqondes ams-
ruleblis mier Casadeni danaSaulis arsebiTi element-
ebi (im monacemebis CaTvliT, rac aucilebelia mkacri
pasuxismgeblobisTvis); es agreTve gulisxmobs imis
gacnobierebasac, rom amsrulebeli amgvari danaSaulis
220
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 174. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 219.
221
For example, in Millward (1994) Crim LR 527: d-m aswavla mis
TanamSromel p-s gzaze satransporto saSualebis mar-
Tva. d-m icoda, rom satransporto saSualeba saxifaTo
mdgomareobaSi iyo, magram p-m ar icoda amis Sesaxeb. sa-
transporto saSualebis mdgomareobam gamoiwvia Sejaxe-
ba, ris Sedegadac adamiani daiRupa. p-s mimarT gamovida
gamamrTlebeli ganaCeni daudevrobiT marTvis Sedegad
sicoxlis mospobisTvis, Tumca d-s pasuxismgebloba dae-
kisra daudevrobiT marTvis obieqturi Semadgenlobis
ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. citirebulia: Kai
Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 220 (iqve, sqolio 43).

171. 170
subieqturi SemadgenlobiT imoqmedebs. meore element-
Tan dakavSirebiT, saapelacio palata ganmartavs, rom
meorexarisxovanma wevrebma, sul mcire, unda icodnen
`arsebiTi xasiaTis sakiTxebi,~ romlebic danaSaulis
ZiriTadi nawilis Semadgenelia, magram araa saWiro yve-
la detalis codna.~222
`inglisis sisxlis samarTali aranair gansxvavebas
ar akeTebs error in persona-sa da aberratio ictus-s Soris. e.w.
`boroti ganzraxvis gadasvlis~ doqtrinis mixedviT,
meorexarisxovan wevrebs pasuxismgebloba maSinac ekis-
rebaT, rodesac amsrulebeli SecdomiT danaSauls sxva
pirovnebis an obieqtis mimarT Caidens. magaliTad, Tu a.
da b. SeTanxmdebian, rom b-m Caidinos c-s mkvleloba, ma-
gram b-s c. aereva d-Si da d-s moklavs, a. damnaSve iqneba
rogorc meorexarisxovani wevri, xolo b. mkvlelobis
amsrulebeli iqneba.~223
`a-s, rogorc meorexarisxovan wevrs, ar daekisreba mkv-
lelobisTvis pasuxismgebloba, Tu b. ganzrax moklavs
d-s, ra drosac man kargad icoda, rom visac igi klavda
c. ar iyo. duningisa da greiemis saqmis mixedviT, d-m
sTxova p-s v-s saxlisTvis cecxli waekidebina. p-m gadaw-
yvida cecxli v-s manqanisTvis waekidebina. sasamarTlom
d-s pasuxismgebloba daafuZna im mosazrebaze, rom mas
SeeZlo winaswar neba daerTo an gaeTvaliswinebina imis
SesaZlebloba, rom iseTi sakuTreba, rogoricaa manqa-
na, romelic saxlTan axlos dgas, daiwveboda.~224
`inglisur sisxlis samarTalSi, dResdReobiT isic
222
Johnson v.Youden (1950) 1All ER 300. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 220.
223
Allen, supra note 32, at 214; Smith & Hogan, supra note 32, at 189.
citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 221.
224
Preston Crown Court, December 1985, unreported, cited after Smith &
Hogan, supra note 32, at 188. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 221.

172. 171
naTelia, rom amsrulebels an meorexarisxovan Tana-
monawiles, romlebic monawileoben gaerTianebul dana-
SaulebrivorganizaciaSipasuxismgeblobadaekisrebaT
aramarto saerTo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-
lisTvis, aramed jgufis romelime wevris mier Cadeni-
li iseTi danaSaulisTvisac, romlis winaswarganWvreta
SeiZleboda da amgvar risks nebayoflobiT urigdebo-
da.225
es principi pirvelad ganaviTari daxurulma sab-
Wom Can ving-siuSi (Chan Wing-Siu),226
romlis mixedviTac,
danebiT SeiaraRebuli a., d. da e. gaemarTnen v-s binis
gasaqurdad. v-m uari ganacxada fulis gadacemaze, ris
gamoc, igi sasikvdilo WrilobebiT mokles. a. moiTxov-
da, rom mas ar unda dakisreboda pasuxismgebloba mkvl-
elobisTvis, radgan rodesac d. da e. v-s klavdnen, a. v-s
mueRles akavebda sxva oTaxSi. a-s, d-s da e-s brali dae-
doTmkvlelobisTvisdasaapelaciosaCivariardaakmay-
ofila sasamarTlom. sasamarTlom ganacxada: `mTavari
damnaSavis moqmedebisTvis meore xarisxovan wevrebs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT,
Tuki am ukanasknelT SeeZloT winaswarganeWvritaT
es da sruliad araa saWiro ganzraxvis arseboba... es
SeesabamisobaSia im danaSaulis winaswarganWvretas-
Tan, romelic erTianma ukanono gaerTianebam SeiZleba
SemTxveviT ganaxorcielos. sisxlissamarTlebrivi
braleuloba gamomdinareobs gaerTianebaSi monawile-
225
inglisur sisxlis samarTalSi mTlianad naTeli araa,
unda gaimijnos Tu ara pasuxismgeblobis es forma dax-
marebis, waqezebisa da uzrunvelyofisgan, rogorc pa-
suxismgeblobis damoukidebeli formebisgan, Tu igi
daxmarebis, waqezebis da uzrunvelyofis erT-erTi
formaa. diskusiisTvis ix. J.C. Smith, ‘Criminal Liability of Acces-
sories: Law and Law Reform’, 113 Law Quarterly Review, (1997) 453-467,
at 462. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi,gv. 221 (iqve,
sqolio 53).
226
(1985) 1AC168. citirebulia: iqve,gv. 221.

173. 172
obis windaxedulobidan.~227
`a. pasuxs agebs b-s qmedebisTvis, Tu b-s Sesabamisi mo-
qmedeba arsebiTad gansxvavdeba iseTi qmedebisgan, ro-
melic a-s unda gaeTvaliswinebena.228
r.v. gembles (R.v.
Gambles) saqmis mixedviT,229
oTxma braldebulma d-m, k-m,
a-m da m-m gadawyvites p. daesajaT. orma braldebulma
k-m da d-m gadawyvites p-sTvis ramdenimejer daertyaT
an `muxlis Tavi daezianebinaT~ (Kneecapping) (cexlsasr-
oli iaraRidan tyvia esrolaT muxlis TavSi). a-m da m-m
Tavdasxmisas p. gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT mokles. p-s
sakmaod Rrmad hqonda yeli gamoWrili, ramac uecari
sikvdili gamoiwvia. amis garda, mas oTxi tyvia hqonda
moxvedrili sxeulis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan adgi-
lebSi, romelTagan ori maTgani fataluri iyo. mosamar-
Tle qarsvelis (Carswell) azriT, d-s da k-s ar unda dae-
kisroT imaT mier gamowveuli SedegisTvis pasuxismge-
bloba, radgan misi winaswarganWvreta ar SeiZleboda
da arc am Sedegis survili da ganzraxva ar hqondaT. d-s
da k-s brali daedoT ganzrax janmrTelobis mZime da-
zianebisTvis da ara mkvlelobisTvis.~230
`r.v. udinis (R.v. uddin) saqmeSi, msjavrdebuli u.ketebiTa
da barebiT SeiaraRebuli eqvsi kacidan erT-erTi maT-
gani iyo.isini Tavs daesxnen v-s, romelic t-s dartyme-
biT gardaicvala. u-s mimarT gamotanili gamamtyune-
227
ChanWing-Siu v. The Queen [1985]AC 168, at 175. citirebulia: Kai Ham-
dorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 221.
228
Allen, supra note 32, at 215; M.T. Molan, Cases & Materials on Crimi-
nal Law (3rd edn., London: Cavendish, 2005) at 340; Smith & Hogan,
supra note 32, at 193. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 221.
229
Crown Court in Northern Ireland (1989) NI 268. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 221.
230
See alsoWilson, supra note 47, at 595: ‘It would be wrong, for ex-
ample, if A gave P explosives to blow open a safe, to convict A of murder
if P used them to blow up an inhabited office block’. citirebulia:
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212-222.

174. 173
beli ganaCeni Seicvala. sasamarTlom aRniSna: Tuki
ramdenime piri erToblivad Tavs esxmis dazaralebuls
iseT garemoebebSi, romelic metyvelebs, rom maT gan-
zraxuli aqvT seriozuli dazianebebis miyeneba, yvela
maTgani pasuxismgebelia mkvlelobisTvis. amitom, Tuki
ganzrax dazianeba metyvelebs imaze, rom es mxolod da
mxolod erT-erTi Tanamonawilis moqmedebaa, romelic
sruliad gansxvavdeba winaswarganWvretadi qmedebebi-
sgan, rogorc Tavdasxmis Semadgeneli nawilisgan, maSin
mxolod am qmedebis ganmaxorcielebeli monawilea dam-
naSave mkvlelobaSi. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom meore
mxaris mier iaraRis gamoyeneba arsebiTi faqtoria da
sxvaTa pasuxismgebloba imazea damokidebuli, icodnen
Tu ara maT iaraRis arsebobis Sesaxeb da iTvaliswinebd-
nen Tu ara imas, rom iaraRs gamoiyenebdnen.~231
`inglisis sisxlis samarTali ganasxvavebs qmedebis sub-
ieqturi Semadgenlobis (means rea) sam formas: ganzrax-
va, TviTimedovneba da daudevroba. piri ganzrax axor-
cielebs konkretul danaSauls, Tu mas es mizani gaaCnia,
maSinac ki, Tu mas warmatebis imedi ara aqvs. magaliTd,
a-s surs b-s esrolos TavSi, Tumca icis, rom cudi
msrolelia, an b. sakmaod Sorsaa.232
amasTan, sasamarT-
los an nafic msajulebs SeuZliaT ganzraxva daadgi-
non Sedegis mimarT, rodesac Sedegi amsruleblis mier
231
es azri gakritikebulia Semdegi avtorebis mier: This view
is criticized by C.M.V Clarkson and H.M. Keating, Criminal Law: Text
and Materials (5th edn., London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2004) at 545: `mar-
Talia, cecxlsasroli iaraRi xis xelketze ufro saSiSi saSu-
alebaa, magram Tu gansasjeli winaswar iTvaliswinebda, rom
amsrulebels SeeZlo mkvleloba ganexorcielebina, rTulia
imis gageba, Tu ratom unda hqondes mkvlelobis meTods an gam-
oyenebul saSualebas, aseTi arsebiTi mniSvneloba. citirebu-
lia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 222 (iqve, sqolio 61).
232
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 92. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 223.

175. 174
ar iyo gamiznuli, magram 1) damdgari Sedegi faqtiu-
rad konkretuli moqmedebis Sedegia da 2) amsruleb-
els gacnobierebuli aqvs faqtiuri Sedegi. ganzrax-
vis am formas `arapirdapiri ganzraxva ewodeba (oblique
intention).233
TviTimedovnebisas piri, romelic ganzrax
ar moqmedebs Sedegis mimarT, Sedegs iwvevs gaumarTle-
beli riskiT. e.w. `qaninghemis testis~ (`Cunningham test~)
Tanaxmad, braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos, rom dam-
naSaves gacnobierebuli hqonda gaumarTlebeli riski
(`gulisxmieri TviTimedovneba.~ `advertent recklessness~).234
piri maSinac TviTimedovnebiT moqmedebs, rodesac igi
zustadaa darwmunebuli, rom akrZaluli Sedegi aras-
dros ar dadgeba. gulgriloba TviTimedovnebis dama-
mZimebeli faqtoria da ara misi cnebis Semadgeneli
elementi.235
TviTimedovnebis cnebaSi aseve moiazreba
iseTi fsiqikuri mdgomareobac, romelic eventualur
ganzraxvad SeiZleba Sefasdes, anu ganzraxvad german-
uli samarTlis mixedviT. rac Seexeba daudevrobas, igi
aris uyuradRebo damokidebuleba gaumarTlebeli ris-
kis mimarT, romelic mTlianad obieqtur safuZvelze
dgindeba.~236
`Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sisxlis samarTlis mier SemoT-
avazebuli SezRudvebi SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc am
winadadebaTa kombinacia. amasTan, mokled, rom vTqvaT,
germanuli da inglisuri sisxlis samarTali moicavs
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis samive
formis udides nawils, yovel SemTxvevaSi, germanuli
233
Ibid., at 94. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 223.
234
Ibid., at 103. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 224.
235
Ibid., at 109. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 224.
236
Ibid., at 109. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 223-224.

176. 175
sisxlis samarTali amgvari organizebuli gaerTianebis
monawileebs mijnavs erTmaneTisgan. monawile, rogorc
amsrulebeli, mxolod maSinaa pasuxismgebeli Tu igi
uSualo amsruleblad, Tanaamsruleblad an SualobiT
amsruleblad miiCneva, romelTagan pasuxismgeblobis
samive formas sakuTari wanamZRvrebi gaaCnia. rodesac
saqme exeba maRalCinosan politikur da samxedro Tanam-
debobispirebsdagaerTianebulidanaSaulebriviorga-
nizacia, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis gamorCeuli forma,
mniSvnelovania, Semdeg principebs unda daveyrdnoT:
1. Tanamonawile iSviaTad SeiZleba mogvevlinos uSu-
alo amsruleblad, radgan savaldebuloa, rom man
faqtiurad TviTon ganaxorcielos danaSauli, rac
organizebuli gaerTianebis mizania;
2. Tanamonawile SeiZleba Sefasdes Tanaamsrule-
blad Tu igi: a) uSualod iRebda monawileobas dana-
SaulisganxorcielebaSidamoqmedebdaerToblivad
saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad sxva TanamonawileebTan
erTad an b) uSualod ar iRebda monawileobas dana-
Saulis realurad ganxorcielebaSi, magram igi iyo
danaSaulis `organizatori,~ man Seadgina danaSau-
lis gegma, yoveli Tanamonawilis moqmedebas xelmZ-
Rvanelobda da a.S.
3. Tanamonawile mxolod maSin Sefasdeba SualobiT
amsruleblad Tu: a) uSualo amsrulebeli fsiqi-
urad daavadebuli iyo an iZulebiT moqmedebda
an sxva msgavs mdgomareobas hqonda adgili an b)
uSualo amsrulebeli organizebuli jgufis, or-
ganizaciis an politikuri organis maRalCinosani
wevri iyo, romelsac gamokveTili ierarqiuli br-
Zanebebis gacemis uflebamosileba gaaCnda da amg-
vari Tanamonawile sakuTar pozicias iyenebda
imisTvis, rom mis daqvemdebarebulebs danaSauli

177. 176
ganexorcielebinaT.~237
3.2 anglo-amerikuli kanonis warmoSoba
`gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cnebis
srulyofili gagebisTvis, aucilebelia cnebaTa winaaR-
mdegobas mivmarToT, romelsac iwvevs anglo-amerikul
sistemaSi Camoyalibebuli TanamonawileobisTvis pa-
suxismgebloba (accomplice liability/complicity) da romanul-
germanuli Tanaamsruleblobis cneba. pasuxismge-
blobis orive Teoria Cadebulia gaerTianeuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis cnebaSi. TanamonawileobisT-
vis pasuxismgeblobis naTelsayofad sakmarisia kadiSis
naSromidan citireba: `meorexarisxovani monawilis
pasuxismgebloba nawarmoebia mTavari monawilis mier
im kanonis darRvevidan, romelSic meorexarisxovanma
monawilem wvlili Seitana. amgvari Senatani araa uSua-
lo, radgan TviT mizezobriobis analizic araa Sesabami-
si. es gamoricxulia adamianuri qcevis Cveneuli gagebi-
dan gamomdinare, romelsac Tanamonawileobis doqtri-
na iziarebs. nebelobiTi qcevebi mTavari amsruleblis
arCevania, ris gamoc, igi mxolod misi qcevaa. is, vinc
`daexmareba da waaqezebs~ mas am qmedebaTa ganxorciele-
baSi, saerToa samarTlis tradiciuli eniT, SeiZleba pa-
suxi agos, magram ara ise, TiTqos man gamoiwvia amsrule-
blis (principal) qmedebebi an amsruleblis qmedebebi misi
qmedebebia. misi pasuximgebloba efuZneba amsruleblis
mier kanonis darRvevas, romlis iuridiul Sedegebs igi
kisrulobs sakuTari moqmedebebis gamo.~238
237
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 224-225.
238
S.H. Kadish, ‘Complicity, Cause and Blame: A study in the Interpretation
of Docrtine’, 73 California Law Review (1985), 323 et seq., 337. citire-
bulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 196.

178. 177
`amsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis mkacri struq-
tura ar ergeba iseT situaciebs, sadac a. da b. arian
gaerTianebuli amsruleblebi da yovel maTgans ar-
sebiTi mizezobrivi wvlili Seaqvs actus rea-s ganxor-
cielebaSi.239
saerTo miznis anu gaerTianeuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis doqtrina avsebs amgvar `uka-
mrisobas~ anglo-amerikul TanamonawileobaSi imiT,
rom ar moiTxovs zustad gansazRvruli kauzaluri
wvlilis dadgenas, ramac danaSauli gamoiwvia, Tumca
es gadafarulia `gaerTianubuli organizaciiT~ anu
`saerTo mizniT.~240
saerTo miznis/gaerTianeuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciisTvis pasuxismgebloba emyare-
ba TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobis princips, sadac
yoveli maTganis pasuxismgebloba gamomdinareobs sxva-
Ta kauzaluri wvlilidan da gaerTianebuli `amsrule-
blebidan~ yoveli maTgani pasuxismgebelia TavianTi
gaerTianebuli moqmedebebisTvis da isjebian amsrule-
blis mier ganxorcielebuli danaSaulisTvis.241
esec
nawarmoebi pasuxismgeblobaa: sadac pirebi actus reas-s
garkveul elementebs asruleben TviTon. sxva sityve-
biT, rom vTqvaT, pirebs pasuxismgebloba nawilobriv
ekisrebaT sxva pirTa moqmedebebisTvis.242
amis gamo, am-
srulebelsa da wamqezebels Soris gansxvavebis dadgena
garTulebulia. smitisa da hoganis Tanaxmad, maT Soris
gansxvaveba umniSvneloa. is, rom erTi axorcielebs da-
naSauls amsrulebeli, xolo meorexarisxovani piri
Tanabradaa pasuxismgebeli, saerTod aranairi mniSvn-
eloba ar gaaCnia.~243
239
Smith, supra note 68, at 80, footnote 101. citirebulia: Elies van
Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 197.
240
Ibid., pp. 209-234. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 197.
241
Smith and Hogan, supra note 58, at 147. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 197.
242
SeeKadish,supranote67,at344-345,n.36. citirebulia:iqve,gv.197.
243
Smith and Hogan, supranote58,at127-129. citirebulia:iqve,gv. 197.

179. 178
saerTo miznis/gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis doqtrinas Semoaqvs `winaswarganWvretadobis
riskis~testidaTanamonawileobissazRvrebSiaqcevsim
piris moqmedebebs, vinc egueba sakuTari SexedulebiT.
sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba efuZneba winas-
warmetyvelebas.244
es testi hgavs inglisur samarTalSi
ganviTarebul TanamonawileobisTvis pasuxismgeblo-
bas windauxedaobis codnis (reckless knowledge) tests245
da didad ar gansxvavdeba yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier daxmarebi-
sa da wamqezeblobisTvis dawesebuli inteleqtualuri
testisgan, romlis mixedviTac, pirs SeiZleba daekis-
ros pasuxismgebloba danaSaulSi daxmarebis an dana-
Saulis wamqezeblobisTvis, Tu pirma icoda, rom es da-
naSauli `SeiZleba ganxorcielebuliyo.~246
3.3Tanamonawileobaromanul-germanulisamarTalis
mixedviT
`Tanaamsrulebloba anu erToblivi amsrulebloba pa-
suxismgeblobis damoukidebl safuZvladaa miCneuli
umetes romanul-germanuli samarTlis sistemebSi. er-
Toblivi amsrulebloba, rogoricaa germanuli `Mit-
täterschaft~, belgiuri `coactions,~ holandiuri `medeple-
gen~, gamijnulia Tanamonawileobisgan da ufro mets
244
A. Ashworth, Principles of Criminal Law (Oxford: OUP, 2003), at 434.
citirebulia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 197.
245
In DPP for Northern Ireland v. Maxwell ([1978] 3 All Er 1140), a reckless
knowledge test was introduced for complicity. As to the mental element of the
accomplice, it suffices that he ‘[k]nows that one or more of group of offences
is virtually certain to be committed, which means that in relation to the one(s)
actually commited there was knowledge only of a risk that it would be actu-
ally commited – and that amounts to rechlessness.’Ashworth, supra note 77,
at 442. citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 198.
246
ix. iqve, gv. 197-198.

180. 179
moiTxovs vidre ubralod xelSewyoba.247
Tanaamsrule-
bloba (co-perpetration) niSnavs danaSaulSi srul Tana-
monawileobas. im sistemebSi, sadac aRiarebulia monaw-
ileobis ori forma _ Tanaamsrulebloba da Tana-
monawileoba _ rTulia maTi gamijvna. amis miuxedavad,
es sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, radgan damxmareebi
(facilitators), romelsac rogorc xelSemwyobs (helpers)
meorexarisxovani statusi gaaCniaT da Tanaamsrule-
blebTan SedarebiT ufro msubuqad isjebian. franguli
samarTali, anglo-amerikulis msgavsad, didi Zalisx-
meviT cdilobda daeregulirebina amsruleblis cneba,
radgan Tanamonawileobis Sesaxeb misi xelovnuri Teo-
ria emyareba `sasjelis nasesxobis~ cnebas (emprnut de
penalité).248
1810 wlis kodeqsiT, Tanamonawile, rogorc
amsrulebeli ise isjeboda, axla ki, 121-7 muxlis mixed-
viT, Tanamonawile isjeba ise, TiTqos igi amsrulebe-
lia. belgiuri Tanaamsrulebeli gansxvavdeba Tana-
monawilisgan imiT, rom mas pasuxismgebloba sakuTari
moqmedebis Sesabamisad ekisreba. maT Soris gansxvaveba
isaa, rom Tanaamsrulebeli Tavisi Sexedulebisame-
br axorcielebs moqmedebebs, romlebic danaSaulis
Semadgeneli nawilia, xolo Tanamonawile axorcielebs
martiv damatebiT moqmedebebs danaSaulis xelSewyo-
bis mizniT.249
Tavisi arsiT, belgiuri Tanaamsrule-
beli meorexarisxovani mxarea iseve, rogor yvela sxva
Tanamonawile.~250
247
Mittäterschaft, Art. 25(2) German Penal Code, Caition, Art. 66 Belgioan
Penal Code, Medeplegen, Art. 47(1) holandiuri Penal Code. citirebu-
lia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 198.
248
F. Desportes and F. Le Gunehec, Le Nouveau Droit Pénal (7th
edn., Paris:
Economic, 2000), § 566, at 494. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 198.
249
J.S. Bell at al., Principles of French Law (Oxford: OUP, 1998), at 238.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 199.
250
iqve, gv. 198-199.

181. 180
`naTelia, rom Tu pirveli da meore kategoriis gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis fesvebi ro-
manul-germanuli samarTlis sistemidan modis, mesame
kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacia-
sac aqvs Tanabarzomieri fesvebi romanul-germanuli
samarTlis sistemaSi, imis miuxedavad, rom amis Secno-
ba erTob rTulia. holandiur samarTalSi mesame kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia
Tanaamsruleblobad miiCneva, radgan danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis, maT Soris Tanaamsruleblobis, mens rea
eventualur ganzraxvas moicavs.251
romanul-germanu-
li samarTlis sxva sistemebSi mesame kategoriis gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cnebis tol-
fasovnadaa aRiarebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
wevrobis dasjadoba.252
vinaidan gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia Tavisi arsiT gansxvavdeba war-
modgenili cnebebisgan, zogierTi principi, romelic
`wevrobisTvis pasuxismgeblobas~ udevs safuZvlad,
rogorc Cans asaxavs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis ZiriTad arss.~253
251
Dutch Supreme Court, 20 January 1998, NJ (Dutch Law Reports) 1998,
426. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 199.
252
French law penalizes ‘participation in group fermed or an understanding
reached for the perpetration of one of the falonies specified in Arts 211-1,
212-1 and 212-2 (genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, EvS),
when evidenced by one or more overt acts’, Art. 213-3, § 1 Code Pénal
[Translation; The American Serias of Foreign Penal Codes, Vol. 31: France
(1999)]. See also Desportes and Le Gunehec, supra note 82, at 461. More-
over, the French concept of ‘association de malfaiteures’ – a concept that
inspired the drafters of the Nuremberg Statute to penalize membership of a
criminal organization – has been aqually devised to deal with mob violence
by overcoming causality problems, Arts. 450-1 to 450-4 of the Code Pénal.
Dutch law provides for an analogous concept in Art 140 of the Dutch Penal
Code. [Translation: The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes, Vol. 30;
The Netherlands (1997)]. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 199.
253
iqve, gv. 199.

182. 181
3.4 SeTqmuleba
iuridiul literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom aSS-Si
SeTqmulebis doqtrinis dabadeba dakaSirebuli iyo,
mzardi socialuri problebis gamo mkacri sasjelebis
dawesebisa da sasamarTlo procesis gamartivebisT-
vis. zogierTi kanonmdebloba danaSaulebriv SeTanx-
mebas dasjadad acxadebdnen maSinac ki, rodesac dana-
Saulebrivi qmedeba ganxorcielebuli ar iyo. amgvari
midgoma gamosadegi iyo, maSin, rodesac brali edeboda
pirs mkvlelobis CadenaSi, magram danaSaulTan uSua-
lod dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebi ar iyo. gaerTineb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizacia ganviTarebas iwyebs
meore msoflio omis Semdegi wlebidan, radgan yvela
damnaSavisTvis Tanabari pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas
praqtikuli daniSnuleba hqonda.254
aris meore, filosofiuri mizezi, romelic asabuTebs
xelovnurad Seqmnili Tanabar braleul pasuxismge-
blobas. mecnierebi cdiloben, rom zogjer danaSau-
lebrivi SeTanxmeba ganixilon gaerTianebuli qcevis
mcdelobad, rogorc jgufis agentis moqmedebis Sede-
gi.255
`SeTqmulebis problema saerTaSoriso sisxlis samar-
TalSi gansjis sagani niurnbergis procesis Semdeg
gaxda. saerTo samarTlis sistemis mixedviT, SeTqmule-
ba ganxorcielebulia Tu ori an meti piri SeTanxmdeba
danaSaulis Casadenad, imis miuxedavad, es ukanaskneli
danaSauli ganxorcielda Tu ara, xolo kontinenturi
samarTlis sistema, romelic napoleonis tradiciis
254
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 85-86.
255
ix. iqve, gv. 86.

183. 182
gavlenas ganicdida, SeTqmuleba, zogadad, ganixileba
rogorc Tanamonawileobis anu realurad Cadenil da-
naSaulSi an mis mcdelobaSi Tanamonawileobis for-
mad. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
romis wesdebam dauSva kompromisi da savaldebulod
miiCnia raime moqmedebis ganxorcieleba SeTqmulebis
dasamtkiceblad, Tumca araa savaldebulo danaSaulis
realurad ganxorcieleba. gadawyvetileba momdinare-
obs teroristuli dabombvis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb
1997 wlis konvenciidan, sadac es misaRebi formula
konsesusiT miiRes.256
samwuxaro Sedegi isaa, rom sisx-
lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wes-
deba srulad ar asaxavs genocidis Sesaxeb konvenciis
debulebebs, romlis III(b) muxli `SeTqmulebas~ gansaz-
Rvravs rogorc genocidis faqtiurad ganxorcielebas.
genocidis Sesaxeb konvenciis kanonproeqtis Sedgenis
istoria gviCvenebs saerTo samarTalSi Camoyalibebu-
li SeTqmulebis cnebis Semotanis ganzraxvas, rac re-
alurad daumTavrebeli danaSaulia.257
~
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos wesdebis me-4(3) muxli gvTavazobs geno-
cidisTvis pasuxismgeblobis or safuZvels, romlebic
msgavsia, Tumca gansxvavdeba, magram gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis erTi da igive araa
SeTqmuleba da Tanamonawileoba. SeTqmulebas adgili
aqvs maSin, rodesac ori an meti piri SeTanxmdeba saer-
To gegmis Sesabamisad ganaxorcielon genocidi.258
256
GA Res. 52/164, Annex, See also Saland, ‘International Criminal Law Princi-
ples’, pp. 199-200. citirebulia: William Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 214.
257
Shabas, Genocide in Intrenational Law, pp. 260-1. citirebulia: Wil-
liam A. Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 214-215.
258
Judgment, Musema (ICTR-96-13-A), Trial Chember, 27 January 2000,
paras 189-191. Conspiracy is approached differently in common and civel-
law systems. In the former case, it is directly punishable as a form of crimi-

184. 183
SeTqmulebis mens rea mixedviT, unda arsebobdes im dana-
Saulis gansaxorcieleblad faqtebisa da garemoebebis
Sesaxeb codna, romelic jgufis mieraa Cafiqrebuli
da igi unda ganxorcieldes SeTanxmebisamebr, am SemTx-
vevaSi genocidi.259
amgvari saxiT, SeTanxmeba Seesabameba
pirveli kategoris odg-s.260
genocidSi Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba daafuZnos geno-
cidSi monawilebis ramdenime formam, maT Soris saSu-
alebis miwodebam, magaliTad, iaraRis gamonaxva, Seg-
nebulad daxmareba an waqezeba danaSaulis CadenaSi.261
means rea moiTxvs Tanamonawilis mxridan genocidSi
Tanamonawileobis codnas; ganzraxvisTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia is, rom Tanamonawile Segnebulad exmareba an aqe-
zebs or an met pirs genocidis CadenaSi. amrigad, saval-
debulo araa Tanamonawiles hqondes jgufis mTliani an
nawilorivi mospobis mizani.262
`braldebuli daculi jgufis nawilobrivi an sruli
ganadgurebis mizans iziarebs, gacnobierebuli aqvs,
rom misi moqmedeba an umoqmedoba xel uwyobs anda xels
Seuwyobs amgvar ganadgurebas, pasuxismgebloba dae-
kisreba genocidSi TanamonawileobisTvis da ara TviT
nal participation. In the latter, a person cannot generally be convicted for mere
criminal intent or the commission of ‘preparatory acts’. W. Schabas, Genocide
in International law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 259.
citirebulia: ix. Steven Paulus, Joint Criminal Enterprice Criminal Li-
ability by Prosecutorial Ingenuity Judicial Creativity? Journal of International
Criminal Justice 2 (2004), 606-619, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 8.
259
A. Cassese, International Criminla Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2003), 196, 2003), 196. The mens rea for conspirancy is the same as for genocide
itself. Ibd., para. 192. citirebulia: Steven Paulus, iqve, gv. 8.
260
ix. Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 8.
261
Judgment, Akayesu (ICTR-96-4-T), Trial Chamber, 2 September 1998, para
537. citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 9.
262
Ibid, paras 538-545. citirebulia, ix. iqve, gv. 9.

185. 184
genocidisTvis.263
amis gamo, Tu braldebulma ar icoda
amsruleblis ganzraxva genocidis Sesaxeb, ar SeiZle-
ba mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis warmoeba,
Tumca mis mimarT SeiZleba sisxlissamarTlebrivi dev-
nis warmoeba, magaliTad, mkvlelobisTvis.~264
`tadiCis saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, TiTqos
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia pasux-
ismgeblobis forma iyo, romelic pirvelad CveulebiT
samarTalSi damkvidrda, sadavo gaxda dacvis mier
`wardgenili SuamdgomlobiT ojaniCis (Ojdanić) mimarT
gansjadobis Taobaze.~265
ojaniCi, sxvaTa Soris, asab-
uTebda, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis pasuxismgebloba sruliad ar momdinareobs
tribunalTa gansjadobidan da igi arRvevs nullum crimen
sine lege princips.~266
`SeTqmuleba jgufuri danaSaulia, romelic gulisx-
mobs or an met pirs Soris SeTanxmebas danaSaulis
Casadenad. igi dasjadia maSinac, rodesac danaSauli
ar ganxorcielebula. amasTan, Tu danaSauli ganxor-
cielda, danaSaveni pasuxs ageben rogorc SeTqmulebis,
ise maT mier realurad Cadenili danaSaulisTvis. SeT-
qmulebis obieqturi Semadgenloba moiTxovs yoveli
TanamonawilisTvis ori pirobis arsebobas: 1) danaSau-
lis jgufurad ganxorcielebis ganzraxvis faqtebis
anu pirobebis codna; 2) SeTqmulebis ganxorcielebis
ganzraxva da am ganzraxviT realurad danaSaulis Cade-
263
Jelisic, para. 86 citing Akayesu, paras. 544-7. Also Musema, paras. 180-
3. citirebulia: Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, dasax. naSromi, gv. 246.
264
Musema, para. 182. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 246-247.
265
Dicision on Dragoljub Ojdanić’s Motion Challenging Jurisdiction – joint
Criminal Enterprise, Ojdanić (IT-99-37-AR72), Appeals Chamber, 21 May
2003. citirebulia: Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 9.
266
iqve, gv. p. 9.

186. 185
na. naTelia, rom am danaSaulis akrZalvis safuZvlis ax-
snas ukan danaSaulis Tavidan acilebaa, gansakuTrebiT,
rodesac maTSi gaerTianebulia ramdenime pirovneba da
isini sakmaod saSiSia sazogadoebisTvis.~267
`SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb erTaderTi samarTlebrivi
normebi SeiZleba moviZioT londonis 1945 wlis SeT-
anxmebaSi. me-6 muxli awesebs sasjels `im pirTaTvis,
vinc mSvidobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli romelime dana-
Saulis gansaxorcieleblad monawileobs saerTo geg-
maSi an SeTqmulebaSi da amavdroulad xelmZRvanelobs,
organizebas uwevs, aqezebs an xels uwyobs im saerTo
gegmis an SeTqmulebis Camoyalibebas an aRsrulebaSi
monawileobas, romelic mimarTulia zemoaRniSnul da-
naSaulTa [danaSauli mSvidobis winaaRmdeg, omis dana-
Saulebi da adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli dana-
Saulebi] gansaxorcieleblad, aseve pasuxismgebloba
dawesebulia yvela pirTa im qmedebebisTvis, romlebic
aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcielebas emsaxureba.~268
sxva saerTaSoriso dadgenileba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb esaa
1948 wlis genocidis Sesaxeb konvenciis me-3(b) muxli,
romelic aseve awesebs dasjadobas genocidis Casadenad
SeTqmulebisTvis.269
`niurnbergisa da tokios saerTaSoriso samxedro tri-
bunalebma dadgines, rom isini, vinc monawileobdnen
`saerTo gegmis an SeTqmulebaSi zemoaRniSnuli dana-
Saulebis gansaxorcieleblad, pasuxismgebloba daeki-
srebaT yoveli moqmedebisTvis, romlebic Cadenilia
romelime piris mier amgvari gegmis gansaxorciele-
267
Antonio Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 196-197.
268
iqve, gv. 197.
269
iqve, gv. 197.

187. 186
blad.~ 270
aRniSuli garemoebebis Semcveli pasuxismge-
blobis es forma, romlebic orive tribunalis dad-
genilebiT gamoyenebulia mxolod mSvidobis winaR-
mdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis mimarT,271
romlebic
xSirad SeTqmulebis saxeliTaa cnobili.272
am mimarTe-
biT `SeTqmulebis~ gamoyeneba damabnevelia, vinaidan
gaurkvevelia Sesabamisi safuZvlebi am saxis pasuxismge-
blobasa da SeTqmulebis calkeul danaSaulebs Soris,
romelic warmoadgens SeTanxmebas danaSaulis Cadenis
Sesaxeb da araa savaldebulo, rom romelime Semdgomi
moqmedeba SeTanxmebas Seesabamebodes.273
saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTalSi aRniSnuli daumTavrebeli dana-
Sauli genocidis saxiTaa warmodgenili.274
niurnbergisa
da tokios samxedro tribunalebs, romlebic iyenebdnen
termins SeTqmuleba, saqme hqondaT iseT situaciebTan,
sadac gegma realurad ganxorcielebulia. niurnbergis
saerTaSoriso samxedro tribunali princips sakmaod
viwrod ganmartavda, xolo tokios saerTaSoriso samx-
270
Nuremberg IMT Statute, Art. 6, Tokyo IMT Statute, Art. 5(c). citire-
bulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wol-
mshurst, An Introduction to International Criminal law and Procedure, 2009,
p. 304.
271
‘Nuremberg IMT: Judgment and Sentence’(1947) 41 AJIL 172, 221-2: To-
kyo IMT Judgment, 48-, 449, Judges Bernard and Jaranilla dissented on this:
Dissented on this: Deissenting Opinion of the Member from France, at 5-7;
Concurring Opinion of the Member from the Philippines, 1-7. citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv. 304.
272
maT Soris tribunalebic. citirebulia: Robert Cryer,
Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi,
gv.304.
273
Multinović et al. ICTY A. Ch. 21.5. 2003 (hereinafter Odjanić) para. 23.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.
274
1948 Genocide Convention, Art. 3(d). See William Schabas, Genocide in In-
ternational Law (Cambridge, 2000) 259-66. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.

188. 187
edro tribunali sakmaod farTo ganmartebas iyenebda,
ris gamoc kritika daimsaxura.~275
§ 4. sami kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia (Joint Criminal Enterprise) yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los mixedviT
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis gama-
rTleba sakmaod sadavo gaxda yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebebis Semdeg.
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sami kat-
egoria gamoiyofa, romelTagan yvelaze sadavo mesame
kategoriaa.
`tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlom aseve aRwera gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sami forma, romelic
seira leonis specialuri sasamarTlos SeairaRebuli
Zalebis revoluciuri sabWos Sesaxeb gadawyvetile-
biTaa cnobili: ZiriTadi, sistematuri da gafarToebu-
li. ZiriTad formaSi igulisxmeba, rom erToblivi da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis yvela wevrs, braldebulis
CaTvliT, ganzraxuli aqvT Caidinon maTi ganzraxviT
moculi danaSaulebi da gegmis mixedviT yvela pasux-
ismgebelni arian am danaSaulTa momzadebisa da ganx-
orcielebisTvis. sistematurobis forma miuTiTebs e.w.
`sakoncentracio banakis~ SemTxvevaze. am formaSi igu-
lisxmeba, rom braldebuli SesaZlebelia cnobili iqnes
damnaSaved im organizaciaSi monawileobisTvis, sadac
275
Ian Brownlie, International law and the Use of Force by States (Oxford,
1962) 203: John Piccigallo, The japanese on Trial (Austin, TX, 1979) 21.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.

189. 188
ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi da man icis amis Sesaxeb,
agreTve nebiT iRebs monawileobas am gaerTianebaSi da
farulad Tu aSkarad gamoxatavs amgvari darRvevebis
gagrZelebis ganzraxvas. sakoncentracio banakis
xelmZRvanels sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
maSinac daekisreba, rodesac igi uSualo monawileo-
bas ar iRebs sakoncentracio banakSi ganxorcielebul
wamebaSi, magram icis amis Sesaxeb da ganagrZobs aq muS-
aobas. dasasrul, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis gafarToebuli forma niSnavs imas, rom bral-
debuli pasuxismgebelia misi wevrebis mier Cadenili im
danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic misi ganzraxviT moculi
ar iyo, magram saerTo danaSaulebrivi gegmis mixedviT,
amgvari Sedegebi mosalodneli iyo, raSic igi nebiT
iRebda monawileobas.~276
tadiCis saqmis ganmxilveli yofili iugoslaviis sisx-
lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos procesi
pirveli iyo, sadac braldeba wardgenili iyo `gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis~ pasuxismge-
blobisTvis, rac bosniis sofel jaSkiCSi (Jaskichi)
mcxovrebi xuTi kacis mokvlas ukavSirdeboda. aravi-
Tari pirdapiri mtkicebuleba ar iyo xuTi kacis uSu-
alod mokvlis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ar ganuxilavs
`erToblivi mizani~, rogorc saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTlSi damoukidebeli pasuxismgeblobis forma.
sasamarTlo palatam xuTi kacis mkvlelobaSi gamamar-
Tlebeli gadawyvetileba gamoitana, Tumca saapelacio
wesiT gasaCivrebis Semdeg, saapelacio palatam 1999
wlis 15 ivliss saerTod Secvala es gadawyvetileba. am
gadawyvetilebam safuZveli daudo `gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis~ sasamarTlo standarts,
romelsac SemdegSi emyareboda yofili iugoslaviis
276
Mohamed Suma, dasax. naSromi. gaerTianebuli danaSaule-
brivi organizaciis Sesaxeb aseve ixileT: A.O’Roorke, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 312-313.

190. 189
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos sxva Se-
fasebebi. aqve sasamarTlo Seexo Semdeg mniSvnelovan
problemebs: 1) SeiZleba Tu ara erTi piris moqmedebam
daafuZnos im ori piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi braleu-
loba, romlebic monawileoben danaSaulebrivi gegmis
ganxorcielebaSi da 2) mens rea-s ra xarisxia saWiro am
SemTxvevaSi.277
`tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cneba
CveulebiTi samarTlis mieraa Seqmnili da yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
wesdebiTac SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba.~278
`pirveli kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis da mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis daxmarebas da waqezebas
Soris gansxvaveba maT SesaZleblobebSi ikveTeba. mesame
kategoris gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacia-
Si daxmarebisa da waqezebisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba SeuZlebelia. mesame kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
SemTxvevaSi, braldebulebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisroT, Tu maT danaSaulis
ganxorcielebaSi monawileoba hqondaT ganzraxuli.
aseTi danaSauli, SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, wameba. misi
braleuloba mkvlelobaSi, maSin ikveTeba, Tu winas-
warganWvretadi iyo msxverplis gardacvalebis riski,
magram, riskis miuxedavad, braldebuli mainc gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi monawileobda,
raTa mkvleloba ganxorcielebuliyo. amasTan, wamebaSi
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis damx-
277
ix. Attila Bogdan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 80.
278
Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1), Appeals Chember, 15 July 1999, para. 220.
citirebulia: Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 2.

191. 190
mares da wamqezebels mkvlelobisTvis brali ar daekis-
rebaT, maSinac ki, Tu wamebis msxverplis gardacvaleba
winaswarganWvretadi iyo, vinaidan aseT specifikur da-
naSaulSi daxmareba da waqezeba, sikvdils iwvevs.~279
`tadiCis sasamarTlom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianebis konstruirebisTvis sakmaod specifikuri
argumentebi gamoiyena. misi azriT, gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia moicavs sam kargad gamoxatul
scenars, romelTagan TiToeuli nebismierma SeiZleba,
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos wesdebiT, daafuZnos sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. pirveli scenari, moicavs
SeTanxmebas, romlis wevrebsac ganzraxuli aqvT da-
naSaulTa ganxorcieleba, imis miuxedavad, rom SeTanx-
mebis erTma wevrma ganaxorciela danaSauli. meore, gu-
lisxmobs sakoncentracio banakebs, sadac yvela wevrma
icis banakSi cudi mopyrobis sistemis Sesaxeb da samo-
mavloTac ganzraxuli aqvT cudi mopyrobis Sesaxeb.
ufro metic, SeTanxmebis wevrebi maSinac ageben pasuxs,
rodesac maT ar aqvT codna aRniSnuli danaSaulebebis
an sxva qmedebebis Sesaxeb. mesame scenaris mixedviT, Se-
Tanxmebis wevri aqtiurad moqmedebs gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis miznebis ganxorcielebaSi
da pasuxismgebloba ekisreba sxva wevrebis mier Cad-
enili winaswarganWvretadi danaSaulebisTvis, maSinac
ki Tu amgvari danaSaulebi SeTanxmebis nawili ar iyo.
mesame scenaris Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos azriT, damna-
Save pasuxismgebelia, vidre mas gonivrulad SeeZlo
ewinaswarmetyvela, rom saerTo gegmis wevrebs SeeZloT
danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi monawileoba mieRoT.~280
279
Judgment, Furundzija (IT-95-17/1), Trial Chember, 10 December 1998,
para. 249. citirebulia: Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 7-8.
280
Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint
Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-
90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 75.

192. 191
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis moce-
muli variantebi aRebulia saerTaSoriso saqmeebidan,
romelTagan zogierTs saeWvo Rirebuleba gaaCnia.281
281
`magaliTad, tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlo daeyrdno kurt
goebelisa (Kurt Goebell) da sxva saqmeebze (kunZul borkumis
SemTxveva) aSS samxedro sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas. ix.
tadiCi, § 210-212. am saqmis mixedviT, aSS aviagamanadgurebli
germaniis teritoriaze Camoagdes da TviTmfrinavis jgufis
wevrebi sasikvdilo gzas gauyenes. tyveebs germaneli jaris-
kacebi, acilebdnen romlebic moqalaqeebs mouwodebdnen
cemiT amoexadaT maTTvis suli. bolos da bolos tyveebi
daxvrites. Aamerikeli prokurori gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
gasamyareblad eyrdnoboda saerTo danaSaulebrivi miznis
yovlismomcvel Teorias. imis miuxedavad, rom saqmeSi war-
modgenili faqtebi uSualo SemxeblobaSia gaerTianebul dan-
aSaulebriv organizaciasTan, samxedro sasamarTlom sakmaod
martivad daadgina gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da ar gaukeTebia
farTo iuridiuli daskvnebi saerTo danaSaulebrivi gegmis
an brbos mier ganxorcielebuli cemis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad,
tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlom miiRo mxedvelobaSi aSS proku-
roris mier citirebuli sityvebi da daaskvna, rom prokuro-
ris mosazreba gaziarebulia. Aamgvari tipis saqmeebs aranairi
Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia, swored am mosazrebis gamo. marTlac,
prokuroris msjeloba am sakiTxis garSemo Sinaganad winaaR-
mdegobebis Semcvelia. erTxel igi amtkicebda, rom `sakmaod
mniSvneelovania gamoaSkaravdes yoveli braldebulis brali
maTi zusti rolebis mixedviT. maT msgavsi moqmedebebiT ar
miuRiaT monawileoba. brbos wevrebi iSviaTad axorcieleben
erTmaneTis msgavs moqmedebebs.~ es sakmaod faqizi sakiTxia,
romelsac mogvianebiT statiis sxva nawilSi Sevexebi. Tum-
ca, prokuroris Semdegi gamonaTqvami amsxvrevs am ideas
yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe da ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier
SemoTavazebul mosazrebas: `iurisprudenciis yvela didi
specialisti Tanxmdeba imaze, rom sadac brbos erTiani gan-

193. 192
sasamarTloebis mier SemTxvevaTa amomwuravi CamonaT-
vali gvaTqmevinebs, rom tribunalebi, rogorc saerTa-
Soriso da erovnuli, iyenebdnen SeTanxmebis gafarToe-
bul cnebas omis danaSaulTa CamdenTa mimarT.282
mag-
aliTad, tadiCis saqmeSi citirebulia, rom qalaq esenSi
samxedroebi, romlebic acilebdnen tyveebs, damnaSaved
cnes brbos mier linCis wesiT gasamarTlebaSi. amasTan,
brbos wevrebsac bralad daedoT mkvleloba, radgan isi-
zraxva arsebobs da brbo am ganzraxvas axorcielebs, iq ara-
nairi gansxvaveba ar arsebobs momwodebelsa da uSualo gan-
maxorcielebels Soris. aranairi gansxvaveba ar arsebobs imaT
Soris, vinc Tavisi moqmedebebiT msxverpli brbos siamovnebis
miRebis sagnad aqcia an vinc mouwoda brbos an vinc fataluri
dartymebi ganaxorciela~. es pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba mis ad-
reul gancxadebas individualuri bralis Sesaxeb, rac brbos
mier ganxorcielebul ZaladobasTanaa garegnulad gaTana-
brebuli. bundovania rogor eTanxmeba amgvari msjelobebi
erTmaneTs.~ ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the
Doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Jus-
tice 5 (2007), 69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 75 (amasaTan, me-10
sqolio).
282
magaliTad, ponzanos saqmeSi aRniSnulia, rom igi monaw-
ileobda britanel omis tyveTa mkvlelobaSi, sadac igi gvev-
lineba `movlenaTa meqanizmis WanWikad, romelsac Sedegamde
mivyavarT,~ monawileoba araa savaldebulo ise farTo iyos,
rom misi monawileobis gareSe es ar moxdeboda. mosamarTlem
gadawyvetilebaSi, miuTiTa, rom erToblivi danaSaulebrivi
gegmis gamo pasuxismgeblobis dawesebisTvis saWiroa jgufis
gegmis codna. arapirdapir es mimaniSnebelia, rom araa saval-
debulo samomavlo erToblivi danaSaulebrivi gegmis mimarT
ganzraxva. amaze miTiTebulia tadiCis saqmeSi, § 199. ix. Jens
David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal
Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-90, Oxford
University Press, 2006, p. 76. (amasTan, sqolio me-11).

194. 193
ni `dainteresebulni iyvnen mkvlelobaSi.~283
aqve marTeb-
uladaa miTiTebuli, rom es argumenti aara myari, ramde-
nadac meore msoflio omis Semdeg italiis da germaniis
tribunalebs ar hqodaT werilobiTi sisxlis samarTlis
wesdeba da maSin SesaZlebeli iyo SeTanxmebis farTo in-
terpretacia, maSin rodesac tadiCis saqmeze arsebobda
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7 (1) muxli.284
`Tu Cven gadavxedavT meore msoflio omis Semdgom sa-
samarTlo saqmeebs285
, iseTi rogoricaa almelos (Alme-
lo) saqme286
qalaq esenSi linCis wesiT gasamarTlebis
sasamarTlo procesi287
, tadiCis saqmis ganmxilvelma
sasamarTlo palatam daadgina, rom es saqmeebi aris
zogadmiRebuli safuZvlebi iseTi sami tipis SemTx-
vevebisTvis, rogoricaa `Tanaamsrulebloba, sadac
saerTo gegmis yovel monawiles gaaCnia danaSaulis Ca-
denis msgavsi danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva (romelTagan
erTi an meti piri axorcielebs ganzrax danaSauls)...
e.w. `sakoncentracio banakebis~ SemTxvevebi da gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis `mesame tipi,
rodesac jgufis wevrebis mier ganxorcielebulia iseTi
283
Trial of Erich Heyer and six others, British Military Court For the Tri-
al of War Criminals, Essen, 18-22 Dec 1945, UNWWC, vol. I. at 91, cited
in Tadić, § 207. citirebulia: ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual
Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of Interna-
tional Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 76.
284
ix. iqve, gv. 75-76.
285
unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela maTgani naTlad ar gansazRvravs
pasuxismgeblobis formebs. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Fri-
man, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 305
(iqve, sqolio 36).
286
Otto Sandrock I LRTWC 35. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.
287
Erich Heyer I LRTWC 88. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.

195. 194
danaSaulebi, romlebic ar Sedis maT saerTo mizanSi, ma-
gram SemTxvevebi winaswarganWvretadia.288
sasamarTlom
daadgina, rom samive tipisTvis saerTo saxis danaSaulis
obieqturi Semadgenlobaa damaxasiaTebeli. saxeldobr:
1. pirTa simravle;
2. saerTo gegmis, ganzraxvis Tu miznis arseboba,
romelic gaTvlilia anu moicavs wesdebiT gaTval-
iswinebul danaSaulTa Cadenas;
3. saerTo ganzraxvis ganxorcielebaSi monawileoba,
romelic gulisxmobs wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
romelime danaSulis Cadenas.~289
`tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palatam daazusta es kri-
teriumebi.magaliTad,`simravlisTvisaraaaucilebeli
samxedro, politikuri an administraciul struqtur-
aSi organizebuloba...290
araa aucilebeli amgvari saer-
To gegma, ganzraxva an mizani winaswari iyos mowesrige-
buli da Camoyalibebuli. saerTo ganzraxva an mizani
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes winaswari momzadebis gareSec,
romlis moazrebac SeiZleba im faqtidan, rom ramdenime
piri moqmedebs SeTanxmebulad gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis Sedegis misaRwevad.~291
saerTo
ganzraxvaSi monawileobisTvis `araa aucilebeli am pi-
robebis Sesabamisi konkretuli danaSaulis Cadena... ma-
gram SeiZleba gamoixatos saerTo gegmis an miznis ganx-
orcielebaSi daxmarebiT anu xelSewyobiT.~292
ufro gvi-
andelma saqmeebmac xeli Seuwyo danaSaulis obieqturi
288
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 220. See also Gacumbitsi Appeal, Separate Opin-
ion of Judge Shahabuddeen, para. 40. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan
Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 306.
289
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305-306.
290
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan
Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 306.
291
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
292
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.

196. 195
Semadgenlobis gagebas. naTelia, rom, magaliTad, jgu-
fis wevroba arsebiTad sakmarisi araa am safuZvelze
dayrdnobiT pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad. saxeze
unda iyos braldebulTa mier raime formiT moqmedeba,
romelic xels uwyobs saerTo gegmis ganxorcielebas.293
uSualo an SualobiTi monawileoba Tanabrad sakmari-
sia.294
savaldebulo araa braldebulis mier Setanili
wvlili arsebiTi iyos.295
yofili iugoslaviis sisx-
lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo praqtika
araTanimdevrulia imis Taobaze, rom unda iyos Tu ara
Sesabamisi danaSaulis faqtobrivad ganmaxorcielebe-
li gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevri,
imisTvis, rom am principze dayrdnobiT am organizacia-
Si monawileobisTvis davdoT brali.~296
`Tu saerTo gegma an mizani Zireulad icvleba, maSin es
axali gegma an mizania da ara ubralod Zveli gegmis an
293
Odjanić para. 26. Brdjanin and Talić ICTY T.Ch. 1.9.2004 (hereinafter
Brdjanin) para. 263. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl
Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 306.
294
Odjanić para. 26. Brdjanin and Talić ICTY T.Ch. 1.9.2004 (hereinafter
Brdjanin) para. 263. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
295
Kvočka Appeal para. 97. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
296
See Krŝtić ICTY T. Ch. I 2.8.2001 para. 612; contra Brdjanin para.
344; Limaj ICTY T. Ch. II 30.11.2005 n. 2264; and Rwamakuba ICTR A.
Ch. 22.10.2004 para. 24. See also Odjanić paras. 18-24, mosamarTle
bonomis (Bonomy) gansxvavebuli azris mixedviT, naTelia,
rom amgvar situaciebSic SeiZleba pasuxismgeblobis dakis-
reba. me-13 abzacSi igi miuTiTebs, rom `marTlac, ar arsebobs
saapelacio sasamarTlos savaldebulo gadawyvetileba, ro-
melic daabrkolebda sasamarTlo palatas amis safuZvelze
braldebulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas. citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv. 306. (iqve, sqolio 48).

197. 196
miznis gagrZeleba an Secvla297
da piri pasuxismgebelia
mxolod im danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic SeTanxmebuli
gegmiT an mizniT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.298
garkveuli
eWvi SeiZleba gamoiTqvas blagojeviCis da jokiCis saq-
meze arsebuli mtkicebis Sesaxeb, TiTqos `Tavdapirve-
li miznis nebismieri `gafarToeba~ SeiZleba SeTanxme-
buli iyos Tu pirs ekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba pirveli kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis, an `gafarToeba~ iyos
Tavdapirveli organizaciis bunebrivi da winaswargan-
Wvretadi Sedegi.~299
ukanaskenl SemTxvevaSi asea imitom,
rom arsebobs riski, ris gamoc, pirs SeiZleba daekisros
im danaSaulisTvis pasuxismgebloba, romelic axali
organizaciis winaswarganWvretadi, magram ara SeTanx-
mebuli, Sedegia.~300
`naTelia, rom pirveli kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia axlos dgas Tanaamsrule-
blobis cnebasTan: sxvadasxva monawileebi iziareben
gansaxorcielebeli danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvas.
amgvari ram SesaZlebelia meore kategoriaSic, sadac
sastiki mopyrobis sistemis Sesaxeb codna sakmarisia
da araa saWiro konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenis ganz-
raxva (Tu codna da ganzraxva sruliad gansxvavebli
297
Blagojević and Jokić ICTYT. Ch. 17.1.2005 para. 700. citirebulia:
Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst,
dasax. naSromi, gv. , gv. 306.
298
Ibid., para. 701, although if the later plan or purpose is broader, he or
she may still be liable for those crimes that fall within the narrower aspect
agreed to, ibid., n. 2157. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
299
Ibid., n. 2156. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 307.
300
iqve, naSromi, gv. 306-307.

198. 197
cnebebia).301
pasuxismgeblobis yvelaze farTo forma
mocemulia danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis `mesame tipis~
pasuxismgeblobisas, sadac danaSaulis winaswargan-
Wvretadoba, rogorc amboben, aris testi.~302
`SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom `mesame tipis~ gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan mimarTebiT termin
`winaswarganWvretadis~ da ara `winaswarganWvretilis~
gamoyenebisTvis saapelacio palatam daadgina daudev-
robis (negligence) standarti. mcdari iqneba, Tu testis
meore aspeqti _ rodesac braldebulma `siamovnebiT
gaswia riski~ _ aSkarad gviCvenebs, rom testis mixed-
viT, unda ganisazRvros iyo Tu ara piri windauxedavi
(an romanul-germanuli samarTlis sistemis terminiT
rom vTqvaT, hqonda Tu ara mas eventualuri ganzrax-
va) amgvari danaSaulis mimarT.303
aseve mniSvnelovania
aRiniSnos, rom nebismieri daskvnis gakeTebisas yur-
adReba unda mieqces, Tu ra detalebi icoda braldeb-
ulma: `is rac bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadia siste-
muri gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
erTi wevrisTvis, meorisTvis ar iyos bunebrivi da wi-
naswarganWvretadi, rac misTvis xelmisawvdom infor-
301
Although in both instances the Appeals Chamber has said the partici-
pants must share the physical perpetrator’s mens rea: Krnojelac ICTY A.
Ch. 17.9.2003 para. 83. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman,
Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. , gv. 307.
302
erT-erTi sasamarTlo palata aradamajereblad amtkicebda
odg-s mesame tipisTvis Tanamonawileebsa da danaSaulis ams-
ruleblebs Soris specialuri SeTanxmebis arsebobis damtkice-
bas: Brdjanin para. 347; for a critique, see Katrina Gustafson, ‘The Require-
ment of an ‘‘Express Agreement’’ for Joint Criminal Enterprise Liability’
(2007) 5 JICJ. The requirement was not mentioned in the Kvočka or Stakič
Appeals. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 307 (iqve, sqolio 55).
303
See Tadić 1999Appeal para. 220; StakicґAppeal paras. 99–103. citire-
bulia: iqve, gv. 308.

199. 198
maciazea damokidebuli.~304
Tu es naCvenebia, magram pirs
SeiZleba maSinac ki daekisros pasuxismgebloba amgvari
danaSaulisTvis, Tu damtkicdeba, rom man icoda amgvari
danaSaulis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb.~305
`yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7 (1) muxli da ruandis
sasamarTlos wesdebis me-6 (1) muxli aRwers `pirda-
piri pasuxismgeblobis~306
xuT formas identuri ter-
minebiT: `is vinc dagegmavs, mouwodebs, gascems brZane-
bas, ganaxorcielebs an sxvagvarad xels Seuwyobs an
waaqezebs danaSaulis dagegmvis, momzadebis an ganxor-
cilebisken... individualurad agebs pasuxs danaSaulis
CadenisTvis.~307
am TvalsazrisiT, pasuxismgeblobis
xuTi saxea gamoyofili: ori amsruleblis da sami Tana-
monawilis. piri, rogorc amsrulebeli, damnaSavea Tu
igi TviTon an sxvisi xelSewyobiT `ganaxorcielebs~ da-
304
Kvočka Appeal para. 86. citirebulia:Robert Cryer, Håkan Fri-
man, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 308.
305
Miloŝević ICTY T. Ch. III 16.6. 2004 para. 150. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 307-308.
306
tribunalebis sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, pasuxismge-
blobis aRniSnuli xuTi forma moixsenieba, rogorc
`pirdapiri pasuxismgebloba,~ raTa isini gaimijnos
meTaurTa pasuxismgeblobisgan (anu xelmZRvanelTa pa-
suxismgeblobisgan~). See, e.g., Prosecutor v. Mucić, Judgement on
Sentence Appeal, ICTY Appeals Chamber, at para. 34, Case No. IT-96-21-
Abis (Apr. 8, 2003) (contrasting “direct” responsibility with “superior” re-
sponsibility); Prosecutor v. Delalić, Judgement, ICTY Trial Chamber, supra
note 30, at para. 12 . citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez,
Guilty Associations: Joint Criminal Enterprise, Command Responsibility,
and the Development of International Criminal Law, CALIFORNIA LAW RE-
VIEW, Vol. 93:75, 2005, p.102.
307
ICTR Statute, supra note 9, at art. 6(1); ICTY Statute, supra note 9, at art.
7(1). citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 102.

200. 199
naSauls an `dagegmavs~ danaSauls. nebismieri pirobis
Tanaxmad, braldebuls ganzraxuli unda hqondes da-
naSaulis dagegmva an ganxorcieleba an sakmarisad unda
acnobierebdes imis albaTobas, rom mis xelmZRvanelo-
bas Sedegad mohyveboda danaSaulebrivi moqmedeba an
umoqmedoba.~308
`piri SeiZleba pasuxismgebeli iyos maSinac, rodesac
danaSauli sxvasTan urTierTqmedebiT ganxorcielda:
igi mouwodebda, ubrZanebda an exmareboda da aqezebda
sxvas danaSaulis Cadenisken. pasuxismgeblobis aRniS-
nuli formebi aqscesorulia, radgan isini darwmuneb-
uli arian, rom braldebulis garda, sxva axorcielebs
danaSauls, ris gamoc mas pasuxismgebloba xelmZRvan-
elobisa (is, vinc axorcielebs fizikurad danaSauls)
da TanamonawileobisTvis ekisreba.~309
`yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSori-
so sasamarTlos me-7 (3) muxli da yofili ruandis sasa-
marTlos wesdebis me-6 (3) muxli iTvaliswinebs Tana-
monawileTa sxva formebs. saxeldobr, is visac gaaCnia
brZanebis gacemis uflebamosileba, iqneba es samo-
qalaqo Tu samxedro xelmZRvaneli. aRniSnul pirebs
pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisroT maTdami daqvem-
debarebulebis mier Cadenili danaSaulisTvis, Tu xe-
lmZRvanelebi ver SeZleben am danaSaulTa Tavidan ac-
ilebas an ver dasjian Cadenili danaSaulisTvis.~310
308
Prosecutor v. Kvočka, Judgement, ICTY Trial Chamber, at para. 251,
Case No. IT-98-30/1-T (Nov. 2, 2001) [hereinafter Kvočka Trial Judge-
ment]. citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 102.
309
See Prosecutor v. Kordić, Judgement, ICTY Trial Chamber, at para. 373,
Case No. IT-95-14/2-T (Feb. 26, 2001) (noting “[t]he various forms of par-
ticipation listed in Article 7(1) may be divided between principal perpetrators
and accomplices”). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 102.
310
iqve, gv. 102.

201. 200
pasuxismgeblobis erToblivi miznis gansazRvrisT-
vis, tadiCis saqmis ganmxilveli saapelacio palata
miubrunda CveulebiT saerTaSoriso samarTals, ro-
melic ZiriTadad meore msofli omis Semdeg Seqmnili
samxedro tribunalebis Sedegad Seiqmna. saapelacio
palatam ramdenime msgavseba daadgina im saqmeebs Soris,
romelic ganixila samxedro sasamarTloebma, romelT-
ac brali dasdes pirebs erTobliv gegmaSi Tanamonaw-
ileobisTvis. saapelacio palatam amgvari sasamarTlo
praqtikis ganxilvis Semdeg daadgina, rom `saerTod,
erToblivi miznis cneba moicavs erTobliv pasuxismge-
blobis sam kategorias. pirveli kategoriis mixedviT,
damnaSaveebi moqmedeben saerTo ganzraxvis Sesabamisad
da monawileoben saerTo danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis
ganxorcielebaSi. `pirveli kategoriis~ gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mixedviT, mkvlelobaSi
braldebisTvis, bladebam unda daamtkicos, rom erTo-
bliv gegmaSi Semavali mkvlelobis ganxorcielebaSi
piri nebayoflobiT monawileobda, Tundac mcireodeni
wvlilis SetaniT, erToblivi gegmis ganxorcielebaSi da
braldebuls ganzraxuli hqonda xeli Seewyo mkvlelo-
bisTvis, Tundac mas uSualod ar Caedinos mkvleloba.311
`meore kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv or-
ganizacia exeba `sastiki mopyrobis sistemebs,~312
up-
irveles yovlisa, sakoncentracio banakebSi. am kate-
goriisTvis, savaldebulo araa Tanamonawileebs Soris
formaluri an araformaluri SeTanxmebis damtkiceba,
magram warmoCenili unda iyos represiuli sistemis-
311
Tadić V, supra note 111, at para. 196 . citirebulia: ix.A. M. Dan-
ner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naSromi, gv. 105.
312
Tadić V, supra note 111, at para. 202 . citirebulia: iqve, gv. 105.

202. 201
admi mWidro kavSiri.313
aRniSnul piris braldebisTvis,
aucilebelia represiuli sistemis arsebobis damt-
kiceba; represiuli sistemis ganxorcielebaSi bral-
debulis aqtiuri monawileobis damtkiceba; braldebu-
lis mier sistemis bunebis codna; represiuli sistem-
isTvis xelSewyobis ganzraxva braldebulis mxridan.314
pirveli ori kategoriis mixedviT, gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrebs SeiZleba dae-
kisroT sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba er-
Toblvi danaSaulebrivi gegmis farglebSi Cadenili
danaSaulisTvis.~315
`rogorc ki damyarda serbebis kontroli priedoris
municipalitetSi, stakiCma daiwyo monawileoba araser-
bi mosaxleobis municipalitetidan gaadgilebis koor-
dinebul kampaniaSi, romelic radoman karaZiCis didi,
serbTa homogenuri saxelwifos Camoyalibebis, gegmis
nawili iyo. am gegmis `kulminacia~, yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo pala-
tis Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, iyo araserbi mosaxleobis
iZuleba sami didi banakis Sesaqmnelad _ omarska (Omasr-
313
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, Judgement, ICTY Appeals Chamber, at para. 96,
Case No. IT-97-25-A (Sept. 17, 2003). citirebulia: A. M. Danner and
J. S. Martinez, dasax. naSromi, gv. 105.
314
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, Judgement, ICTYAppeals Chamber, at para. 203,
Case No. IT-97-25-A (Sept. 17, 2003). citirebulia: A. M. Danner and
J. S. Martinez, dasax. naSromi, gv. 106.
315
genocidis mcdelobis gamoklebiT, yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos da ruandis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos statutebis
mixedviT mcdeloba danaSauls ar warmoadgens. sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba mcd-
elobas danaSaulad miiCnevs. ICC Statute, supra note 9, at art. 25(3)
(f). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 105-106 (iqve, sqolio 120).

203. 202
ska), keratermi (Keraterm) da trnopolje (Trnopolje).316
sa-
samarTlo palatam daaskvna, samoqalaqo Tanamdebobis
mqone pirebi, romelTac doqtor stakiCis meTaurobda,
didi uflebamosileba gaaCndaT sapatimro banakebis
asaSeneblad, sadac daaxloebiT 3000 musulmani da xor-
vati mokles.317
sxvebi sistematuri da araerTgzisi seq-
sualuri Zaladobis samizneebi iyvnen.318
marTlac, samx-
edro da samoqalaqo Tanamdebobis mqone pirebs Soris
kavSiri imdenad mWidro iyo, rom stakiCi drogamoSve-
biT samxedro uniformas da iaraRs atarebda.~319
`mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizacia, romelic sakmaod Sors mwvdomia, moicavs
erToblivi gegmiT gauTvaliswinebel danaSaulebs. ta-
diCis saqmeze saapelacio sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom
im braldebuls, visac ganzraxuli hqonda saerTo geg-
maSi monawileoba, SeiZleba daekisros pasuxismgebloba
saerTo gegmiT gauTvaliswinebeli qmedebebisTvis,
Tu igi `Cveulebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegis
316
ICTY, Judgement, Prosecutor v. Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24-T, T. Ch., 31
July 2003, ALC-XIV-xxx, par. 378. citirebulia: J. D. Ohlin, The Co-
Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated Leading Cases of
International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 740.
317
ICTY, Judgement, Prosecutor v. Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24-T, T. Ch., 31
July 2003, ALC-XIV-xxx, par. 384. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 740.
318
ICTY, Judgement, Prosecutor v. Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24-T, T. Ch., 31
July 2003, ALC-XIV-xxx, par. 3228. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 740.
319
iqve, gv. 740.

204. 203
gamomwvevia.~320
saapelacio palatam naTeli ar mohfina:
_ winaswarganWvretadobis komponenti subieqturad
unda Sefasdes Tu obieqturad,321
Tumca, subieqturi
winaswarganWvretadobis dadgenis sirTules da maT So-
ris gansxvavebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas, mcire praq-
tikuli daniSnuleba gaaCnia.~322
sainteresoa, rom brJaninis saqmeze saapelacio sa-
samarTlom mTlianad Secvala pirveli instanciis
gadawyvetileba da aRniSna, rom mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia, rogorc
pasuxismgeblobis forma, ar gansxvavdeba pasuxismge-
blobis sxva formebisgan, romlebic ar moiTxoven yov-
lismomcvel ganzraxvis dadgenas danaSaulis Cadenis
mimarT. daxmarebisa da wamqezeblobisTvis, iseve ro-
gorc meTaurTa pasuxismgeblobisas, codnis dadgena
sakmarisia.323
gansasjelebs pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba
320
Tadić V, supra note 111, at para. 204. citirebulia: J. D. Ohlin, The
Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated Leading Cases
of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 106.
321
saapelacio palatam gamoiyena garkveulwilad wina-
aRmdegobrivi gamoTqma winaswarganWvretadobis gamokvle-
vis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlom daadgina: `imis miuxedavad, rom
damnaSaves ar hqonda ganzraxuli arsebiTi Sedegis dadgoma,
icoda, rom jgufis moqmedeba win uswrebda am Sedegs, magram
arasdros ar surda amgvari riskis ganxorcieleba~. amasTan,
palatam aRniSna, rom `jgufSi TiToeuls unda hqondes Sede-
gis winaswarganWvretis SesaZlebloba.~ Tadić V, supra note 111, at
para. 204. citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 106 (iqve, sqolio 122).
322
iqve, gv. 106.
323
Decision on Interlocutory Appeal, Brđanin (IT-99-36-A), Appeals Chem-
ber, 19 March 2004, § 7 (hereinafter Brđanin 98 bis Dicision). citirebu-
lia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 191.

205. 204
daekisroT genocidisTvis, Tu es es maTi qmedebebidan
bunebrivad gamomdinareobs da winaswarganWvrtadi
Sedegis saxiT gvevlineba. amgvari Sexeduleba gaiziara
sasamarTlo palatam miloSeviCis saqmis ganxilvisas.324
amis miuxedavad, metrauqsi (Mettraux) samarTlianad
miuTiTebs, rom brJaninis saqmeze saapelacio sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebas ar hqonia precedentuli mniSvn-
eloba, romelic gadaWrida Semdeg sakiTxs: SeiZleba Tu
ara mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis genocidisTvis pasuxismgeblobis
safuZveli gaxdes. es kvlav davis sagnad da gadauWrel
problemad rCeba.325
stakiCis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom Tanaams-
ruleblobisSesaxebiuridiulmecnierebasadasisxlis-
samarTlebriv literaturaze dayrdnobiT gamamtyune-
bel ganaCenSi aRniSna, rom umjobesia Tanaamsrule-
blobisTvis dawesebul pasuxismgeblobas daveyrdnoT,
vidre mivmarToT sasamarTlo procesze warmoSobili
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis doqtri-
nas. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo palata,
ZiriTadad, daeyrdno germanuli sisxlis samarTlis
Teorias. yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlos mier roqsinisa da fletCeris326
324
Decision on Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, Miloŝević (IT-54-02-T), Trial
Chamber, 16 June 2004, § 291 (hereinafter Miloŝević Decision on Acquittal).
citirebulia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 191.
325
G. Mettraux, International Crimes and the ad hoc Tribunals (Oxford:
OUP, 2005), at 265. citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 191.
326
imis miuxedavad, rom fletCeri amerikelia, mis mier axle-
burad gaazrebuli sisxlis samarTali (Oxford Univ. Press, New
York 2nd ed. 2000) SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi naSromia, romel-
ic, umeteswilad, eyrdoba germanuli sisxlis samarTlis mod-
els. ix. J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enter-
prise, Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol.

206. 205
naSromebze citireba imas adasturebs, rom sasamarTlo
palata samarTlis axal wyarobs eZebs, romelic tri-
bunalebis farglebs scdeba, radgan gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis problema Tanaamsrule-
blobis formiT gadaWras.327
sainteresoa, rom roqsinis mixedviT, Tanaamsrulebis
roli arsebiTia da Tu igi monawileobas ar miiRebs da-
naSaulis ganxorcielebaSi, danaSauli CaiSleba. amis
gamo, igi savaldebulo figuraa, magram ara sakmarisi
danaSaulis dasrulebisTvis. esaa Tanaamsruleblo-
bis arsi: danaSauli imdenad masStaburia, rom misi das-
ruleba erTpirovnulad arc erT amsrulebels ar Seu-
Zlia.328
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis~ actus rea
(`obieqturi elementebi~) gansazRvrulia Semdegnairad:
1. `1) pirTa simravle. araa savaldebulo maTi organi-
zebuloba samxedro, politikuri Tu administraci-
uli struqturebis mixedviT;
2. 2) erTiani gegmis, monaxazis an miznis arseboba,
romelic gaTvlilia an moicavs statutiT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSaulebis Casadenad. es araa saWiro
im gegmis, monaxazis an miznisTvis, romelic winas-
waraa SeTanxmebuli anda Camoyalibebuli. amgvari
gegma an monaxazi SeiZleba praqtikulad ganxor-
cieldes gauTvaliswinebladac an gamomdinare-
obdes im faqtidan, rom SeTanxmebuli mravlobiTi
aqtebi gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
is Sedegia.
3. bralad wardgenil saerTo gegmaSi monawileoba,
14, 2008, p. 740 (iqve, sqolio 1695).
327
ix. J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise,Anno-
tated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 740.
328
ix.iqve, gv. 740.

207. 206
romelic statutiT gaTvaliswinebul erT-erT da-
naSauls moicavs. TanamonawileobisTvis savaldeb-
ulo araa iseTi specifikuri danaSaulebis (magali-
Tad, mkvleloba, ganadgureba, wameba, gaupatiureba
da a.S.) ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs am
gegmis ganxorcielebas. sakmarisia am gegmis an miz-
nis gansaxorcieleblad daxmareba an garkveuli wv-
lilis Setana masSi.329
rac Seexeba mens rea-s (`subieqturi elementebi~), saapel-
acio palatam daafiqsira, rom mens rea-s elementebi iyo-
fa saerTo monaxazisadmi damokidebulebis mixedviT.~330
saapelacio palatam daadgina Semdegi:
`pirvel kategoriasTan mimarTebiT ganzraxvis arsebo-
baa saWiro arsebuli danaSaulis Casadenad. meore kat-
egoriis mimarT, sastiki mopyrobis codna, rac imas niS-
navs, rom amgvari mopyroba samomavlodac gagrZeldeba.
mesame kategoriis mimarT, danaSaulSi an samomavlod
gansaxorcielebel danaSaulSi aqtiuri monawileobis
ganzraxvaa saWiro anda jgufis miznis ganxorcielebis
mimarT ganzraxvis arseboba da gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciisTvis xelSewyoba an jgufis
mier Cadenil raime danaSaulis gansaxorcielebel mov-
lenebSi wvlilis Setana. dasasrul, pasuxismgebloba
dadgeba agreTve im danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic saer-
To gegmiT ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca: 1) SesaZle-
beli iyo imis winawarganWvreta, rom jgufis romelime
wevri am danaSauls Caidenda da 2) braldebuli misi Cad-
enis risks nebayoflobiT uSvebda.~331
pirveli kategoriis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT saapela-
329
ix. Attila Bogdan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 92.
330
Tadic Appeals Judgment, at para. 228. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 92.
331
Tadic Appeals Judgment, at para. 228 (emphasis in original). citire-
bulia: iqve, gv. 92.

208. 207
cio sasamarTlom gamoiyena britaneTis samxedro tri-
bunalis gadawyvetileba georg oto sandrokisa (Georg
Otto Sandrock) da sxvaTa mimarT. saapelacio palatam
aseve gamoikvlia britaneTis sxva gadawyvetileba je-
psenisa (Jepsen) da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg. aqve saapelacio
palatam miuTiTa, rom zogierTi rameebi `metismetad
afarToebs erToblivi miznis cnebas mizezobrivad gan-
pirobebulobis gamo.~ am mxriv, aseve sainteresoa, saa-
pelacio palatis mier Seswavlili aSS samxedro tribu-
nalis gadawyvetileba Eisatzgruppen (germanuli sityvaa
da qarTulad operatiul jgufs niSnavs. SeniSvna Cemia
_ i.d.) saqmeze.332
meore kategoriis saqmeebze saapelacio palatam gaa-
naliza aSS da britaneTis samxedro tribunalebis mier
or saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi. am mxriv, gansa-
kuTrebiT sainteresoa dahaus (Dachau) sakoncentracio
banakissaqme,romelzecgadawyvetilebagermaniaSigama-
rTul procesze aSS sasamarTlom gamoitana da belsenis
(Belsen) saqme, romelzec gadawyvetileba germaniaSi
gamarTul procesze britaneTis samxedro tribunalma
gamoitana. aqve sainteresoa, rom saapelacio palatis
azriT, am kategoriis saqmeebi warmodgenil saqmeebs
ki ara, ufro pirveli kategoriis saqmeebs Seesabameba.
amis gamo, saapelacio palatam daadgina, rom savalde-
bulo actus rea gamoixata arsebul represiul sistemaSi
aqtiuri monawileobiT, rac SeiZleba gamomdinareob-
des kuTvnili uflebamosilebidan da specifikuri fun-
qciebidan. rac Seexeba mens rea elements, igi moicavs 1)
sistemebis bunebis codnas; 2) SemdegSic sastikad mopy-
robis gagrZeleba saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad.333
332
dawvr. ix. Attila Bogdan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 82-84.
333
ix. iqve, gv. 86.

209. 208
mesame kategoriis saqmeebze precedentuli samarTali,
upirveles yovlisa, Seexo brbos mier Cadenil Zala-
dobas, e.i. areul situacias, sadac mravali damnaSave
saerTo mizniT moqmedebs, romelTagan yoveli maTgani
axorcielebs msxverplis winaaRmdeg danaSauls, ma-
gram ver dgindeba an SeuZlebelia Tu romeli danaSau-
lebrivi moqmedeba visi Cadenilia. saapelacio palatam
am kategoriis naTelsayofad ori saqme gaanaliza (erTi
britaneTis samxedro tribunalis da erTi aSS samx-
edro tribunalis gadawyvetilebebidan). es saqmeebi
adgens Semdeg moTxovnebs: 1) danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva
erToblivi gegmaSi; 2) imis winaswarganWvreta, rom er-
Toblivi gegmis monawileni, danaSaulebrivi gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis garda, sxva danaSau-
lebs ganaxorcieleben.334
`saapelacio palatam pirvelad gaanaliza britaneTis
samxedro tribunalis mier gamotanili gadawyvetileba
esenSi linCis wesiT (Essen Linching) gasamarTlebis Ses-
axeb (e.w. esenis dasavleTi).335
am saqmis mixedviT, 1944
wlis 13 dekembers qalaq esenis dasavleTSi britaneli
sami samxedro tyve germanel xalxTa brbom gaasamarT-
la linCis wesiT.336
Svidi piri damnaSaved cnes omis da-
naSaulis CadenisTvis, radgan isini `dainteresebulebi
iyvnen sami samxedro tyves mkvlelobaSi.~337
erT-erTi
braldebulTagani iyo `germaneli kapitani heieri (Hey-
er), romelmac germanel jariskacTa eskortSi ganaTavsa
britaneli mfrinavebi. aRniSnul germanul samxedro
334
ix. Attila Bogdan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 86.
335
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207 citing to Trial of Erich Heyer and
six others, British Military Court for the Trial of War Criminals, Essen,
18th–19th and 21st–22nd
December, 1945, UNWCC, vol. I, p. 88, at p. 91.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 87.
336
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 87.
337
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207. citirebulia:iqve, gv. 87.

210. 209
danayofs evaleboda germanul samxedro-sahaero (Luft-
waffe) nawilSi tyveTa miyvana dasakiTxad.~338
amis Semdeg saapelacio palatam Seafasa aSS sasamarT-
los mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba kurt goebelisa
(Kurt Goebell) da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg (e.w. borkumis kunZu-
lis saqme). faqtebis Sejamebis Semdeg, saapelacio pala-
tam aRniSna, rom aRniSnuli saqmidan aSkarad ar Cans,
braldebulebi monawileobdnen Tu ara `gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi.~ Tu daukvirdebiT, sa-
kuTari gadawyvetileba gamarTlebulia brbos mier
Cadenili danaSaulis specifikiT, masSi monawileTa
ganxorcielebul qcevaTa TaviseburebiTa da mtkiceb-
ulebaTa aRmoCenis sirTuliT. mTavari aq is aris, rom
jgufis wevrebs saerTo miznis gansaxorcieleblad sa-
kuTari wvlili SeaqvT da ukve imis mtkicebas Tu vin ra
moqmedeba Seasrula azri aRar aqvs. winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi danaSaulis namdvili wamqezeblebi verasdros
daisjebian.339
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis yve-
la Tanamonawiles Tanabarad miuZRviT brali saerTo
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis ganxorciele-
baSi, iseve rogorc im danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic
aRniSnul danaSaulTaTvis bunebrivi da winaswargan-
Wvretadi Sedegebia, saerTo gegmis misaRwevad maTi cva-
lebadi rolis miuxedavad.~340
338
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207. citirebulia: Attila Bogdan,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 87.
339
dawvr. ix. iqve, gv. 87.
340
Tadic Appeal Judgment, para. 227, 228. (emphasis added) para. 203.
amis miuxedavad, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni SeiZleba Seicvalos
TanamonawileTa rolis Sesabamisad. citirebulia: Verena
Haan, The Development of the Concept of Joint Criminal Enterprise at
the International Criminal Tribunal for the FormerYugoslavia, Interna-
tional Criminal Law Review 5: 167–201, 2005, Koninklijke Brill NV.

211. 210
`yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos saapelacio palata gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis koncefcias miiCnevs
TviT mravali saerTaSoriso danaSaulebiT garantire-
buli pasuxismgeblobis formad, romlebic, rogorc
wesi, omis dros xorcieldeba.~341
`Tumca, dawvrilebiTi analizis Semdeg gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis gonivruli axsna da kon-
ceptualuri idea fokusirdeba Taviseburi saxis Sem-
Txvevaze, romelic sakmaod gansxvavdeba yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo
procesebamde arsebulisgan. aseTi Seusabamoba, erTi
mxriv, iwvevs SeuTanxmebolobas gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis Teoriul gansazRvrebaTa
Soris da meore mxriv, koncefciis meTodTa mimarT,
romlebic gamoyenebuli iyos sasamarTlo ganxilvebi-
sas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac gansasjeli mxolod
arapirdapir iyo dakavSrebuli danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebasTan.~ 342
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis kon-
ceptualuri idea, Tu ratom SeiZleba daekisros erTi
piris moqmedebisTvis sxvas pasuxismgebloba, damyare-
bulia erT subieqtur da erT obieqtur elementze:
subieqturi elementia is, rom arsebobs SeTanxmeba da
saerTo ganzraxva saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad moqmedebis
Sesaxeb, romlis mizania (anu romelic gulisxmobs) da-
naSaulTa ganxorcielebas; obieqturi elementi ki, gu-
lisxmobs braldebulTa Tanamonawileobas gegmaSi.~343
`Tumca mTliani aqcenti subieqtur elementze, pir-
Printed in the Netherlands, 2005, pp. 169-170 (iqve, sqolio, me-6).
341
Tadic Appeal Judgment, para. 191. citirebulia: Verena Haan,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 194.
342
iqve, gv. 194.
343
iqve, gv. 195.

212. 211
Ta urTierTgagebazea gadatanili. vinaidan Tana-
monawileebs ganzraxuli aqvT gaerTianebis miznebs
erTad miaRwion da yovel maTgans surs, rom sxva Tana-
monawileebma wvlili Seitanon saerTo miznis ganxor-
cielebaSi. yoveli maTgani Tanabari xarisxiTaa pasux-
ismgebeli, maTi cvalebadi rolebis miuxedavad.~344
195
`arc general krstiCis (Krstic) da arc im municipalite-
tis liderebis mioner stakiCis (Miomir Stakic) da blagoJe
simiCis (Blagoje Simic) mimarT gamotanili gamamtyunebe-
li ganaCeni ar emyareba faqts, rom isini gaurigdnen mr-
valricxovan uSualo amsruleblebs da gaiziares maTi
saerTo ganzraxva. ufro metic, isini damnaSaved iqnen
cnobilni imisTvis, rom maT xelisuflebis organoSi
ekavaT Tanamdebobebi, rac maT saSualebas aZlevdaT,
_ Tanabari donis Tanamdebobebze moqmed pirebTan er-
Tad, _ gaecaT brZaneba saWiro danaSaulis Sesaxeb an sa-
samarTlo, politikuri an sxva struqturis uzrunvel-
sayofad, romlis meSveobiTac uSualo amsruleblebs
saSualeba hqondaT emoqmedaT totaluri ukanonobis
mdgomareobaSi.~345
`mxolod stakiCis sasamarTlo procesze gamaxvilda am
problemaze yuradReba: `amgvar situaciaSi, gansxvaveb-
uli ganzraxvis dadgenis moTxovna orive gansasjelisa
da moqmed pirTa mier ganxorcielebuli yoveli calkeu-
li moqmedebis mimarT, gamoiwvevda meTaurTa daumsax-
urebel dacvas da SeewinaaRmdegeboda saerTaSoriso
tribunalis arss, gons da mizans.~346
344
Verena Haan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 195.
345
ixileT, magaliTad, Krstic Trial Judgment, para. 338, 607, 608,
615. Simic Trial Judgment, para. 991, 992; Stakic Trial Judgment, para.
590, 818. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 196.
346
Stakic Trial Judgment, para. 742. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 196-197.

213. 212
`meore mizezi, ris gamoc gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis cneba problematuria isaa, rom
sxvadasxva sasamarTlo ganxilvebisa da gadawyvetile-
bebSi sakmaod farTodaa igi ganmartebuli. gansa-
kuTrebiT es unda iTqvas meore da mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Sesaxeb,
rogorc es gansazRvrulia brjaninis saqmeze, dadgeni-
li wesiT, saapelacio sasamarTlos 89bis gadawyvetile-
baSi, rac scildeba yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samar-
Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebiT dadgenil
farglebs.~347
bogdani miuTiTebs ramdenime mizezs Tu, ratom dair-
Rva tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palatis mier miRe-
bul gadawyvetilebaSi individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis principi: 1) `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia~ araa gamyarebuli saerTaSoriso Cveule-
biTi samarTliT; 2) `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizacia~ mWidro kavSirSia aSS ganviTarebul
SeTqmulebis formulasTan; 3) `gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis,~ rogorc pasuxismgeblobis
formis, gamoyeneba iugoslaviis tribunalis mier ar-
Rvevs kanonierebis princips.348
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pasux-
ismgeblobis mniSvnelovani axsnaa is, rom danaSau-
lis sistematurad (systemcriminality) ganxorcielebis
konteqstSi, liderebis danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba,
umeteswilad, daSorebulia danaSaulis fizikurad
ganxorcielebisgan, maSin rodesac zogjer, rogorc
fiqroben, ukidures SemTxvevaSi Tanabari Tu ara
ufro meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT amsruleblebT-
347
Verena Haan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 197.
348
dawvr. ix. Attila Bogdan, iqve, gv. 109-120.

214. 213
an SedarebiT igive danaSaulTaTvis. amgvar daskvnas
amyarebs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
isTvis pasuxismgeblobis Semdegi principebi, romlebic
saapelacio palatam Camoayaliba:
1. garkveul SemTxvevebSi, danaSaulebrivi gegmis Sed-
gena da moqmedeba, Seesabameba TanaamsruleblebTan
individualur pasuxismgeblobas, rodesac isini
fizikurad ar axorcieleben danaSauls;
2. piri damnaSavea gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis formis, sa-
SualebiT Cadenili danaSaulis CadenaSi da es gaT-
valiswinebulia wesdebis me-7(1) muxliT. amasTan,
igi Tanaamsrulebelia, imis miuxedavad, Tu ra gansa-
kuTrebuli roli Seasrula danaSaulis materialu-
rad, fizikurad ganxorcielebaSi;
3. savaldebulo araa braldebuli fizikurad
monawileobdes, romelime danaSaulis CadenaSi an,
ufro metic, arsebiTad xels uwyobdes mis ganxor-
cielebas. savaldebuloa saerTo gegmis an miznis
ganxorcielebisTvis mxolod ramenairad xelSewyo-
ba im danaSaulTavis, romelic bralad eracxebaT;
4. savaldebulo araa braldebuli eswrebodes dana-
Saulis ganxorcielebas, raTa mas waredginos brali
danaSaulis CadenisTvis, rogorc gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrs;
5. gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
yoveli wevri Tanabradaa damnaSave gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis meSveobiT Cadenili
danaSaulebisTvis;
6. ganaCenis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis wevrTa mimarT gamotanili gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeniT dadgenili sasjelis vada savalde-
bulo araa damokidebuli iyos danaSaulis fizikur

215. 214
ganxorcielebaSi Sesrulebul rolze da SeiZleba
iyos SemTxvevebi, rodesac gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis wevri araa amsrulebelTa So-
ris, Tumca amsruleblebTan SedarebiT imsaxureb-
des ufro mkacr ganaCens, danaSaulebriv gegmaSi
anda gegmis xelSewyobisTvis Cadenil danaSaulebSi
monawileobis bunebisa da moculobis gamo.~349
`warmodgeneli principepidan, mizanSewonilia, davas-
kvnaT, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisT-
vis aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis amsrulebelTa da Tanaam-
srulebelTa Soris gansxvavebis dadgenas. vasileviCis
saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle Sahabudenis (Shahabud-
den) sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT:
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis TiToeu-
li monawile ar moqmedebs, rogorc sxvisi agenti, yov-
el SemTxvevaSi, sityvis Cveulebrivi gagebiT. yvela
monawile moqmedebs erToblivad SeTanxmebuli Sedegis
misaRwevad. erTad moqmedebisas, isini marTlac moq-
medeben rogorc erTpirovnuli amsrulebeli. amis gamo,
yoveli maTganis moqmedeba aris yvelas moqmedeba.350
~
`stakiCis saqmis saapelacio wesiT ganxilvis mixed-
viT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pa-
suxismgeblobis gamosayeneblad unda dadgindes Sem-
degi elementebi: a) iseTi danaSaulebi ganxorcielda,
romelic saerTo mizniT ar iyo moculi; b) es dana-
Saulebi saerTo miznis ganxorcielebis bunebrivi da
winaswagaWvretadi Sedegia da g) gaerTianebuli dana-
349
Katrina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 145-146.
350
mosamarTle Sahabudenisgan gansxvavebuli da sawinaaRm-
dego azri, ix. Vasiljević, supra note 14, at § 31 (not dissenting on this
point). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 146 (iqve, sqolio 44).

216. 215
Saulebrivi organizaciis wevrebma icodnen, rom saer-
To miznis aRsrulebas SeeZlo gamoewvia es danaSaule-
bi, amis miuxedavad, isini mainc ganagrZobdnen saerTo
miznis xelSewyobas.~351
`Tu erT mSvenier dRes, braldebis mxare warmatebas mi-
aRwevs `danaSaulis konkretuli miznisTvis~ msjavrde-
bisas, mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis meSveobiT, es Secvlis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis doqtrinas, raTa igi gad-
aiqces `oRond yvela damnaSaved scaniT~ qolgad.~352
`mniSvnelovan danaSaulTa gamoZiebisas, romlebic,
rogorc amtkiceben, Cadenialia maRalCinosani samx-
edro an politikuri Tanamdebobis mqone damnaSaveTa
mier, aucilebelia dadgindes:
1. ramdenime piris arseboba;
2. saerTo miznis da/an gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis arseboba;
3. danaSaulebriv organizacias unda gaaCndes saerTo
danaSaulebrivi gegma;
4. braldebulTa monawileoba gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizaciaSi;
5. braldebulebi unda asrulebdnen konkretul rols
351
Stakić Appeals judgment, para. 87 (capital letters are in original).
citirebulia: Mohamed Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 300.
352
mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organi-
zaciis alternativad termini `oRond yvela damnaSaved
scaniT~ (just convict everyone) pirvelad gamoiyena profesorma
uiliam Sabasma me-5 yovelwliur `sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlo _ sazafxuli kursebze~ Catarebuli
leqciis dros,Galway, 2005. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 302 (iqve,
sqolio 47).

217. 216
organizaciaSi;
6. braldebulTa danaSaulebrivi organizaciaSi mo-
nawileobis ganzraxva;
7. danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mizani;
8. Cadenil danaSaulTa danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuloba.~353
§ 5. winawarganWvretadobis problema
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis doqtrin-
is erT-erTi umTavresi nakli winaswarganWvretadobis
arasrulyofili damuSavebaa. tadiCis saqmeze saapela-
cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis pirvel nawilSi mi-
TiTebulia, rom gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis wevrebs maSinac daekisrebaT sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba, Tu danaSaulebrivi qmedebe-
bi winaswar ar iyo SeTanxmebuli. erTaderTi SezRudva
isaa, rom sxvisi qmedebisTvis pasuxismgebloba mxolod
maSinaa dasaSvebi, Tu es winaswarganWvretadi iyo. sxva
sityvebiT, rom iTqvas, Tu gaerTianebis wevrTa mier
Cadenili SeTanxmebeli moqmedebebi obieqturad winas-
warganWvretadi iyo, maSin gaerTianebis sxva wevrebsac
SeiZleba bralad SeeracxoT danaSaulis Cadena. avto-
ris azriT, Tanabarzomieri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba unda SeizRudos gegmis mixedviT Camoya-
libebuli qmedebebiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom SeuTanx-
mebeli winaswarganWvretadi danaSaulebisTvis ufro
lmobieri pasuxismgebloba unda dawesdes.354
353
Nicola Piachente, Importence of the Joint Criminal Enterprice Doc-
trine For the ICTY Prosecutorial Policy, Journal of International Criminal
Justice 2 (2004), 446-454, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 4.
354
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 81.

218. 217
`danaSaulebrivi gegma, romelTa gamo sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devna ganxorcielda, umetes SemTxvevaSi, ori
moxerxebuli da mtkivneuli scenariT warimarTeba: da-
naSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis wevrebi axocieleben winas-
war gamiznul obieqtze Tavdasxmas, magram erT-erTi
jariskaci axorcielebs pirveladi gegmiT gauTval-
iswinebel danaSaulebriv qmedebas.355
es SeiZleba ganx-
orcildes oridan erT-erTi gziT: jariskacebi axor-
cieleben taqtikas, rac gegmiT araa gaTvaliswinebuli,
rogoricaa wameba an gaupatiureba, an jariskacebi sa-
kuTar iniciativiT afarToeben gegmis farglebs irCev-
en axal samiznes, rogoricaa axali sofeli an Senoba.
amgvar situaciebSi, tadiCis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT,
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mixedviT,
yvela wevrisTvis Tanabari sasjelia gaTvaliswinebuli
winaswarganWvretadi danaSaulisTvis.~356
355
`amgvar situaciebSi, meTaurebsac SeiZleba daekis-
roT sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba brZanebis
gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobis TeoriiT, rac sistem-
atizeulia sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los romis wesdebis 28-e muxlSi. es aSS iuridiul sfer-
oSi aseve cnobilia iamaSitas (Yamashita) principiT. imis
miuxedava, rom brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobam
da odg-m SeiZleba msgavs Sedegebamde _ gamamtyune-
bel ganaCenamde _ migviyvanos, isini gansxvavebuli
doqtrinebi arian. isini urTierTdakavSirebulni arian
imdenad, ramdenadac orive doqtrina sxvis mier Cad-
enili qmedebebisTvis pasuxismgeblobis (vicarious li-
ability) dakisrebis saSualebas iZleva.~citirebulia:
Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint
Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-
90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 82 (amasTan, sqolio 22-e).
356
iqve, gv. 82.

219. 218
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mesame kategoriis gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizacia moicavs erToblivi
gegmiT gauTvaliswinebel danaSaulebs. pirs visac gan-
zraxuli hqonda saerTo gegmaSi monawileoba, SeiZleba
daekisros pasuxismgebloba saerTo gegmiT gauTval-
iswinebeli qmedebebisTvis, Tu igi `Cveulebrivi da
winaswarganWvretadi Sedegis gamomwvevia.~ yvelaze
gaurkveveli winaswarganWvretadobis komponentTan
isaa, rom igi subieqturad unda Sefasdes Tu obieq-
turad naTeli araa.
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Sesaxeb
yvelaze did uTanxmoebas iwvevs is, rom SeiZleba Tu ara
misi gafarToebuli forma gamoviyenoT iseTi special-
uri ganzraxi danaSaulis mimarT, rogoricaa genocidi.
SeiZleba Tu ara mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis Tanamonawiles daekisros
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba genocidis Ca-
denisTvis, rodesac genocidi ganxorcielda, rogorc
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis bune-
brivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegi? esaa mens reas-s
problema. Tuki genocidi moiTxovs dolus specials, e.i.
erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi an religiuri jgufis
mTlianad an nawilobriv mosaspobad ganzraxvis dadge-
nas, mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia moiTxovs eventualur ganzraxvas an Tvi-
Timedovnebas (dolus eventualis/advertent recklessness), ro-
melic windaxedulobis testad gamoiyeneba. rodesac
sasamarTlo palatam krstiCi (Krstić) mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Tana-
monawiled scno, sasamarTlo palatam Secvala genoci-
dis moTxovna umaRlesi xarisxis ganzraxvis, dolus specia-
lis Sesaxeb da igi dabali xarisxis ganxraxviT, dolus even-
tualis-iT Secvala. Cans, rom es bundovani ganmartebaa.~357
357
Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 190-191.

220. 219
winaswarganWvretadoba, romelic mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis subieq-
tur SemadgenlobaSia mocemuli, aSkarad ver eTanxmeba
ganzraxvis da Tanamonawileebis cnebas, vinaidan Tu
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrebi
gazrax saerTo gegmis mixedviT monawileoben, maSin mis
wevrebs pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisroT mxolod
maTi saerTo ganzraxviT moculi danaSaulebisTvis
da winaswarganWvretadi SedegebisTvis. winaswargan-
Wvretadoba ufro obieqtur Seracxvas emsgavseba,
radgan aq mosamarTlis varaudzea agebuli msjeloba:
SeeZlo Tu ara saSualo SesaZleblobis adamians SeTanx-
mebuli ganzraxi danaSaulebis Tanmdevi danaSaulebis
ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba daeSva.
§ 6. gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia sis-
xlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis mixedviT
`Sida kanonmdeblobebisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac damna-
Savis tradiciuli gamoxatuleba amsrulebelia, vinc
sasxlets TiTs gamokravs, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samar-
TalSi sanimuSo damnaSavea is, vinc brZanebas gascems,
organizebas uwevs an maRal doneze monawileobas iRebs
gegmis SedgenaSi.358
amis gamo, meorexarisxovani pasux-
ismgebloba SedarebiT did rols TamaSobs saerTaSor-
358
aseT pirebad xSirad moixseniebian `isini, visac ekis-
rebaT yvelaze didi pasuxismgebloba~ saerTaSoriso
danaSaulebisTvis (ix., magaliTad, sierra leonis spe-
cialuri sasamarTlos wesdebis 1-li muxli), an `isini,
vinc saerTaSoriso danaSaulebis CadenaSi eWvmitanil-
ni mniSvnelovani meTaurebia arian~ (uSiSroebis sabWos
rezolucia 1534 (2004). citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan
Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv.304
(iqve, sqolio 1).

221. 220
iso sisxlis samarTalSi.~359
olaini miuTiTebs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-
Soriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis miRebamde tadi-
Cis saqmeSi yvelaze kompleqsuradaa gaanalizebuli
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia. sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis analizis
pirveli direqtivaa. samwuxaroa, rom sisxlis samarT-
lis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba mraval
adgilas imeorebs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTliT aRi-
arebuli omis danaSauli precedentul samarTalSi
unda veZeboTo, imis magivrad, rom axlidan gansazRv-
ros es ukanaskneli. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos romis saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
sasamarTlos wesdebis 25-e muxli bundovania. avtori
aRniSnul doqtrinasTana mimarTebiT sam problemas
ganixilavs: 1) ganzraxvis araadekvaturi interpreta-
cia da ra xarisxis ganzraxvaa saWiro gaerTianebaSi da-
naSaulebrivi wvlilis Setanisas; 2) damabneveli pasux-
ismgeblobis daweseba pirisTvis TanamzraxvelTa `wi-
naswarganWvretadi~ qmedebisTvis da 3) pasuxismgeblo-
bis ZiriTadi principis darRveva, romelic gulisxmo-
bis pirisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
dawesebas mxolod sakuTari bralisTvis.360
359
See William Schabas, ‘Enforcing Individual Criminal Responsibility in
International Criminal Law: Prosecuting the Accomplices’ (2001) 843 Inter-
national Review of the Red Cross 439. Equally, as we will see, some forms of
liability in international criminal. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarT-
li SesaZleblobas iZleva is pirebi, vinc tradiciulad
Tanamonawileebad miiCnevian amsruleblebis Tanabrad
iyvnen ganxilulni. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman,
Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 304 (iqve,
sqolio 2).
360
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of

222. 221
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli omis
danaSauli, adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli da-
naSauli da genocidi, xSir SemTxvevebSi, Cadenilia
koleqtiurad: _ brigadebis, moxaliseTa gaerTianebis
an armiebis mier. istoriuli faqtebis analizi saSuale-
bas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom genoci xorcieldeba maSin,
rodesac erTi eTnikuri jgufi meores gamanadgure-
beli omiT emuqreba.361
amis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso
tribunalebs ar SeuZliaT pasuxismgebloba daakisron
mTel eTnikur jgufs. Tundac swori iyos is faqti, rom
mTel germanel ers surda ebraeli eris ganadgureba,
saerTaSoriso tribunalebs ar SeeZloT mTliani ger-
maneli erisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis dakisreba. es warmoSobs urTules sakiTxs, Tu
rogor unda agon pasuxi pirebma iseTi danaSaulisTvis,
rogoricaa genocidi, rasac koleqtiurobis aspeqti
axlavs Tan. danaSaulis koleqtiuri bunebidan gamom-
dinare, amgvar kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas aucilebelia
meti konkretuloba, romelsac adgili aqvs samxedro
meTaurTa, brigadebis, moxaliseTa da brbos konspir-
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 70-71.
361
For a discussion of genocide, see R. Lemkin, ‘Genocide as a Crime under
International Law’, 41 American Journal of International Law (1947) 145-
151. I have argued elsewehere that genocide is necessarily collective: it is the
attempt by one ethnic group to destroy another. While a single individual may
commit a murder with the intent to destroy another athnc group, it should not
fall under the category of genocide until there is some desire by the ethnic
group as a whole to wipe out their victims. See G.P. Fletcher and J.D Ohlin,
‘Reclaiming Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law in the Darfur Case’,
3 Journal of Intrenational Criminal Justice (2005), at 546. However, this
view departs significantly from the Rome Statute’s treatment of the crime of
genocide, which does not require this collective aspect. citirebulia:
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint
Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-
90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 73.

223. 222
aciuli SeTanxmebis saxiT. amgvar gaerTienebebs mWidro
kavSiri aqvT aRniSnul danaSaulebTan, ris gamoc, maTi
individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuximgeblo-
bac problematuri ar aris.362
marTali iyo tadiCis sasamarTloze is, rom xazi gaesva
genocidis koleqtiur bunebas, magram es jer kidev imas
ar niSnavs, rom amiT Cven SegviZlia mcire dajgufebaTa
pasuxismgebloba yvelaze gavrceldes. am ukanasknelis
wevrebidan pasuxi unda agon mxolod maT, vinc niSan-
doblivad Tanamonawileobdnen genocidis ganxor-
cielebaSi.363
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) muxli miuTiTebs koleq-
tiuri pasuxismgeblobis saxeebze, rac gamoixateba
dagegmvas, waqezebasa da daxmarebaSi. Tumca aqve sakiTx-
avia: rogori erToblivi moqmedebaa danaSaulebrivi yo-
fili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sa-
samarTlos wesdebiT. sasamarTlos ar hqonda arc erTi
argumenti, romelic daasabuTebda, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia Cadebuli iyo yofili iu-
goslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los wesdebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom yofili iugosla-
viis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
wesdeba zRvardadebuli dokumentia, ganzrax datova
sxvadasxva iuridiuli doqtrinebis detalebisTvis ad-
gili, raTa srulyofili saxe mieca tribunalisTvis,
udavoa, rom yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) muxlSi mx-
olod waqezebaze da daxmarebazea saubari da adgili ar
362
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 73-74.
363
ix. iqve, gv.74.

224. 223
dautovebia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis.364
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis me-25 (d) analizi sifrTxiles moiTxovs. `sa-
zogadoebis umravlesobam SeiZleba garkveuli wvlili
Seitanos danaSaulebrivi organizaciis saqmianobaSi,
imis miuxedavad, rom dadebiTad ar ekidebian maT saqmi-
anobas. vaWarma SeiZleba mihyidos damnaSaveebs saWmeli,
sasmeli da tansacmeli, benzini, manqanebi da SeakeTon
maTi satransporto saSualebebi, miaqiraon adgili, bina
da saxli. ueWvelia, rom amgvari xelSewyobis gareSe da-
naSaulebrivi saqmianoba ver ganxorcieldeba. ufro
metic, amgvari saqmianoba SeiZleba kargad iqnes Ses-
rulebuli, Tundac Semsrulebelma icodes dajgufebis
danaSaulebrivi miznebi. Tumca amgvari sagnebi, upirve-
les yovlisa, iseTi samomxmareblo sagnebi, rolebic
Tavisuflad iyideba bazarze (sxva saqmea cecxlsasro-
li iaraRis an asafeTqebeli saSualebebis miyidva). Tu
erTi vaWri ar miyides aRniSnul nivTebs, maSin sxva mi-
yidis.gamodis,romvinaidanvaWarmaes`ganzrax~gaakeTa
da `icoda jgufis danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva~, wesdebis
azriT, mas sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxisgebloba unda
daekisros.gaerTianeulidanaSaulebriviorganizaciis
doqtrinis amgvari gancxadeba sakanonmdeblo eSmakobis
seriozuli magaliTia. iyo Tu ara amgvari ram, wesdebis
SemqmnelTa mier ganzrax Cadebuli naTeli araa. Tumca,
udavoa, rom es windaxedulobis gamoa gakeTebuli.~365
`damaintrigebeli problema warmoiSoba gaerTianeuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis koncefciasTan dakav-
364
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 75.
365
ix. iqve, gv. 79.

225. 224
SirebiT, rogorc es gansazRvrulia sisxlis samarT-
lis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 25-e
muxlSi, sadac miTiTebulia `sasamarTlos gansajobaSi
Semaval danaSaulebze~. amgvari formulirebaa wesde-
bis me-5 muxlis dasaTaurebaSi, romelic miuTiTebs
oTx danaSaulze, maT Soris, agresiaze. SeiZleba Tu
ara pirebs waeyenoT brali TanamonawileTa mier Cade-
nili omis danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic gaerTianeuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis farglebSi agresiis
ganxorcielebis nawilia da is gagrZelebas warmoad-
gens? me-5(2) muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia
gaavrcelos Tavisi iurisdiqcia agresiaze vidre ar-
sebiTi garemoebebi sruliad ar ganxorcieldeba. Tum-
ca, omis danaSaulebis, _ romelic gaerTianeuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis mier gansaxorcielebeli
agresiis nawilia, _ ganxorcielebisTvis pirTa mimarT,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sawarmoeblad, sasamarT-
los gansjadoba ar gavrceldeba agresiaze. es gamom-
dinareobs iqedan, rom 25(3) (b) (i)-e muxlSi mocemuli
fraza `sasamarTlos gansjadi danaSaulebi~, moiTxovs
agresiis, rom danaSaulebi ganvixiloT gaerTianeuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciasTan mimarTebiT, romelic
Seqmnilia wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danarCeni sami
danaSaulis Casadenad, romlebzec iurisdiqciis gavr-
celebisas bralmdebels SeuZlia miuTiTos, rom `me
ar maqvs uflebamosileba kanonierebis argumentebze
dayrdnobiT gamoviyeno Zalaufleba agresiis danaSau-
lisgan gansxvavebulad.~366
es araa srulyofili.~367
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pa-
suxismgeblobis buneba mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, Tu
366
‘Letter of Prosecutor dated 9 February 2006’ (Iraq), p. 3. citirebulia:
William A. Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 218.
367
iqve, gv. 218.

226. 225
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacias ganvixi-
lavT, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis ZiriTad formas, ma-
Sin organizaciaSi Tanamonawileni SeiZleba iyvnen mis
gareT mdgomi damxmare da wamqezebeli.368
Tu es aris
nawarmoebi pasuxismgebloba, maSin isini ar iqnebian.
amasTan, samarTliani saxelwodebis micemis principi-
dan gamomdinare, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciisTvis pasuxismgeblobis yovlismomcveli bune-
ba, rogorc `ganxorcieleba~, Tavs uyris braleulobis
sakmaod gansxvavebul doneebs, rac ver gamoxatavs maT
Soris gansxvavebas, vinc arian ZiriTadi Tanaamsrule-
blebi, magram umniSvnelo dayofaa maT saqmianobebs So-
ris da vinc, ufro ufro axlos arian damxmareebsa da
wamqezeblebTan, vidre ZiriTad amsruleblebTan. es is
gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevaa, rodesac danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebisas TiToeulis rolis miuxedavad, orga-
nizaciis yvela Tanamonawile erTi da igive danaSaulis
CadenisTvis arian damnaSaveni.~369
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis miRebamde tadiCis saqmeSi yvelaze kompleq-
suradaa gaanalizebuli gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sa-
samarTlos romis wesdeba gaerTianeuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis analizis pirveli direqtivaa. samwux-
aroa, rom sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
368
Ojanić para. 20; Kvočka Appeal paras. 79-80. citirebulia: Robert
Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 308.
369
Blagojević and Jokić ICTY T. Ch. 17.1.2005 para. 702, reffering inter alia
to Vasiljević Appeal para. 111. citirebulia: iqve, gv.308.

227. 226
los romis wesdeba mraval adgilas imeorebs, rom saer-
TaSoriso samarTliT aRiarebuli omis danaSauli prec-
edentul samarTalSi unda veZeboTo, imis magivrad, rom
axlidan gansaRvros es ukanaskneli. sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 25-e muxli
bundovania. olaini aRniSnul doqtrinasTana mimarTe-
biT sam problemas ganixilavs: 1) ganzraxvis araadekva-
turi interpretacia da ra xarisxis ganzraxvaa saWiro
gaerTianebaSi danaSaulebrivi wvlilis Setanisas;
2) damabneveli pasuxismgeblobis daweseba pirisTvis
TanamzraxvelTa `winaswarganWvretadi~ qmedebisTvis
da 3) pasuxismgeblobis ZiriTadi principis darRveva,
romelic gulisxmobis pirisTvis sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi pasuxismgeblobis dawesebas mxolod sakuTari bral-
isTvis.370
`rac Seexeba II kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizacias, aq situacia araa naTeli da am kategoriis
gagebazea damokidebuli. II kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT
Tanaamsruleblobad yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1)
muxlis an saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarT-
los wesdebis 25(3)(a)-e muxlis mixedviT. amis miuxeda-
vad, II kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia(farTogagebiT)daIIIkategoriisgaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia sturqturulad SeiZleba
davaxarisxoT, rogorc danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis
daxmarebis an waqezebis formebad, romlebic uSualod
370
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 70-71.

228. 227
araa asaxuli yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) da sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis
25(3)-e muxlebSi. am garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, II da
III kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia SeiZleba moviazroT `sxvagvarad daxmarebis da
waqezebis~ formulaSi, Tuki Cven `sxvagvars~371
ganvmar-
tavT, rogorc danaSaulis koleqtiurad ganxorciele-
baSi nebismier Tanamonawileobas. daxmareba da waqezeba,
rogorc es gagebulia yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1)
muxlsa da sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los romis wesdebis 25(3)(c)-e muxlSi, gansxvavdeba II da III
kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis mens reas-sgan. es ukanaskneli, sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 30-e muxlis
mixedviT, moiTxovs, erTi mxriv, codnas372
da ganzrax-
vas, meore mxriv, qmedebas, romelic `danaSaulisTvis
xelSewyobis mizniTaa ganxorcielebuli.~ gamodis rom,
erTaderT formad, romelic Seesabameba II da III kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacias,
aris sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
romis wesdebis 25(3)(d)-e muxlSi mocemuli koleqtiuri
pasuxismgebloba.~373
371
Contrary to the ‘Ojdanić Dicision’, supra note 4, § 19 the term ‘otherwise’
does not suggest that the modes of liability set out in Art. 7(1) are not exhaus-
tive; correctly Powles, supra note 62, at 611. citirebulia: Kai Ambos,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 172.
372
See also Powles, supra note 62, at 612-613 seeing an incompatibility of
aiding and abetting and JCE III. citirebulia: iqve, gv.172.
373
dasax. naSromi, gv. 172.

229. 228
ambosi SeuZleblad miiCnevs erTdroulad codnisa da
winawarganWvretadobis arsebobas. braldebulma an
icis, rom Sedegi dadgeba, an winaswarganWvrets, rom
Sedegi dadgeba. orive erTdroulad logikurad Seu-
Zlebelia. codna ganzraxi danaSaulebisTvisaa tipiuri
(ix. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos ro-
mis wesdebis 30-e muxli), rodesac winawarganWvretado-
ba ekuTvnis moZRvrebas TviTimedovnebis (recklessness) an
daudevrobis (negligence) Sesaxeb. erTaderTi gamosavali
am Cixidan isaa, rom winawarganWvretadoba ganvixiloT
obieqtur moTxovnad (gonieri adamianis standar-
tis gagebiT) da codna unda darCes pasuxismgeblobis
(erTaderTi) subieqturi anu inteleqtualuri etalo-
ni.374
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom III kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mTeli arsi gamoixateba
SemdegSi: Tanamonawilem unda icodes, rom gansaxilve-
li danaSaulebi, Cveulebisamebr, xorcieldeba am gaer-
TianebaSi.375
daskvna
warmodgenili masalis mimoxilva saSualebas iZleva gava-
keToT garkveuli daskvnebi, romelic ufro naTels gax-
dis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis arss.
upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis kompilaciuri, hibriduli
xasiaTi. amgvari xasiTis arseboba bunebrivicaa, radgan
374
This view was indeed taken recently – after having finalized this paper – by
the Krajič nik Trial Judgment, supra note 3, § 882. citirebulia: ix. Kai
Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 175.
375
ix. iqve, gv.174-175.

230. 229
saerTaSoriso doneze sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sis-
temebis TaviseburebaTa Serwyis mcdelobas gverds ver
avuvliT, sul mcire, ori mizezis gamo: pirveli, saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTali yovelTvis sxvadasxva
saxelmwifoTa erToblivi ZalisxmeviTa da kompro-
misiT iqmneba. meore, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
mosamarTleebi sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sistemebis
gavlenas ganicdian, TavianTi iuridiuli ganaTlebis
gamo, rac sakmaod did gavlenas axdens mosamarTlis
Sinagan rwmenasa da, Sesabamisad, kanonis interpreta-
ciaze. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis bunebaSi wamyvani roli,
mainc saerTo samarTals ekuTvnis. es garkveulwilad
imiTacaa ganpirobebuli, rom gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia anglo-amerikuli samarTlis
sistemis `pirmSoa~. swored amitomaa, rom `adrindeli
da axlandeli sasamarTlo praqtika gviCvenebs Semdegs:
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia eyrd-
noba anglo-amerikul principebs da amgvaradac iqna
gamoyenebuli.~376
iuridiul literaturaSi marTebu-
ladaa miTiTebuli, rom `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formad
ganxilva romanul-germanuli samarTlis sawyisebis
uaryofas ar niSnavs, vinaidan romanul-germanuli
samarTali ar gamoricxavs Tanaamsruleblobis ganxil-
vas Tanamonawileobis formad. amasTan, gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia pasuxismgeblobiT ufro
didi donea, vidre daxmareba da waqezeba.~377
maSasadame,
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pa-
suxismgebloba ganviTarda, rogorc sxvadasxva samar-
376
Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 202.
377
iqve, gv.202.

231. 230
Tlebrivi sistemebidan nasazrdoebi cneba. kerZod,
romanul-germanulma da anglo-amerikulma samarT-
lebrivma sistemebma ganapiroba gaerTianeuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis hibriduloba. Tumca isic unda
aRiniSnos, rom igi ufro saerTo miznis anglo-ameri-
kul doqtrinas mogvagonebs, rasac amtkicebs adrin-
deli da axlandeli precedentuli samarTali.
meore, warmodgenili sakiTxis kvlevisas, erT-erTi um-
Tavresia SekiTxva: mainc ram ganapiroba gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis koncefciis ganviTare-
ba? gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis kon-
cefciis ganviTareba ufro pragmatuli mosazrebebiTaa
nakarnaxebi, romelsac safuZvlad mtikicebulebaTa aR-
moCenis sirTule udevs. amgvari mosazreba iuridiul
literaturaSicaa dafiqsirebuli. magaliTad, olaini
miuTiTebs: `albaT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mizezi sakmaris
mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebis sirTulea, romelic didi da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebSi braleulobis
individualuri garemoebebis SeqmnisTvisaa saWiro.~378
amasTan, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
mTeli arsi isiacaa, rom amgvar dajgufebaSi Semavali
damnaSaveebis saerTo ganzraxvasTan akavSirebs im dam-
naSaveebs, visac fizikurad ar miuRiaT monawileoba
konkretuli danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi.
mesame, aranakleb mniSvnelovania individualuri, bra-
leuli pasuxismgeblobis da kanonierebis principebTan
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mimarTe-
ba. aSkaraa, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
378
J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise,Annotated
Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 742.

232. 231
nizaciis cneba kritikis sagani, swored am principebT-
an misi mimarTebis gamo gaxda. sworia mosazreba, rom
gaerTianebulma danaSaulebrivma organizaciam `gaa-
farTova individualuri pasuxismgeblobis sazRvrebi.
kerZod, meore da mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli dan-
aSaulebrivi organizacia gakritikebuli iyo koleqti-
uri pasuxismgeblobis sazRvrebis gamo, mas Semdeg, rac
Cadenil danaSaulSi faqtiurad Setanil wvlils gad-
aaWarba daniSnulma sasjelma.~379
Cans, rom gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cnebis SemoRebiT
individualuri pasuxismgeblobis principis parale-
lurad Cndeba koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis principi,
rac individualuri pasuxismgeblobis princips Zirs
uTxris. aRniSnuli principebis darRveva kargad Cans
mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis SemTxvevaSi, sadac gadamwyvetia ara konkre-
tuli qmedeba da ganzraxva, aramed sakmaod bundovani
`winaswarganWvretadobis~ cneba. amas emateba isic, rom
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mTavari
`saerTo gegmis~ elementi, zustad ar aris ganmartebu-
li.
kvlevis Sedegad davinaxeT, rom `meore kategoriis
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan, maSin
gvaqvs saqme, rodesac danaSaulebi Cadenilia sastiki
mopyrobis iseT sistemaSi, rogoricaa patimarTa banake-
bi. tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palata Tvlida, rom ac-
tus rea, sastiki mopyrobis sistemaSi ganxorcielebul
iZulebiT moqmedebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba, gamomdin-
379
Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 188.

233. 232
areobs banakis xelmZRvanelobis Tanamdebobidan.380
es
sakmaod farTo testia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac
pirs gaazrebuli aqvs mens rea, sastiki mopyrobis Ses-
axeb gaaCnia individualuri codna da SeiZleba dadas-
turdes, rom amis Sesaxeb `xelmZRvaneli Tanamdebobis
mqone braldebulis gonivruli daskvna gaekeTebina~.381
amrigad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba unda
damyarebuliyo, upirveles yovlisa, pirovnebis mdgo-
mareobaze, romelic arRvevs sisxlis samarTlis iseT
fundamentur princips, rogoricaa maqsima `araviTari
braleuloba kanonis personaluri darRvevis gareSe~.
krnojelakis (Krnojelac) saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam
uari ganacxada meore kategoriis gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis `daskvnis gakeTebis testis~
gamoyenebaze da sanacvlod daeyrdno pirveli kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
sabaziso moTxovnebs.~382
`mesame kategoriis gaerTianebulma danaSaulebrivma
organizaciamac igive eWvebi gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT
`gareSemyofTa~ mimarT. daneri da martineci (Danner
and Martinez) amtkiceben, rom gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis gafarToebulma formam, e.i.
mesame kategoriis gaerTianebulma danaSaulebrivma
organizaciam, SeiZleba migviyvanos, asociaciis bral-
Tan, vinaidan gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis dabali donis wevrebs SeiZleba daekisroT
380
TadićAppealJudgment, supranote4,§203. citirebulia:iqve,gv.188.
381
Ibid, § 228. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 188.
382
Judgment, krnojelac (IT-97-25-T), Trial cember I, 15 March 2002, § 78
(hereinafter Krnojelac Judgment). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 188.

234. 233
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba garTianebis
mier Cadenili yvela danaSaulisTvis.383
ozieli (Osiel)
ufro meti kritikulobiT gamoirCeva, vidre daneri da
martineci da SeniSnavs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis
kuTxiT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
isTvis dawesebuli pasuxismgebloba afarToebs moral-
uri braleulobis sazRvrebs.~384
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pasux-
ismgeblobis SezRudvis uaxlesi mcdeloba Sedga sasa-
marlo palatis mier brJaninis (Brđanin) saqmis ganxilvi-
sas.385
sasamarTlo palatam naTlad miuTiTa, rom gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pasux-
ismgebloba moiTxovs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis amsrulebelsa (‘physical/actual perpetrator)
da Tanamonawiles (‘non-physical pepetrator/participant) Soris
SeTanxmebas. amgvari kavSiri zustad unda iyos gansaz-
Rvruli. amasTan SeTanxmeba unda iyos Tanamonawileebs
Sorisac. magaliTad, serbielTa lideroba ver akmayo-
filebs `SeTanxmebis moTxovnas~ gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis pasuxismgeblobisTvis.386
gamodis, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos rogorc farTo
pasuxismgeblobis Teoriad masStabiani gaerTianebi-
383
Martinez and Danner, supra note 12, at 137. citirebulia: Elies van
Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 188.
384
M.J. Osiel, ‘The banality of Good:Aligning Incentives against MassAtroc-
ity’, 105 Columbia Law Review (2005) 1751-1862, at 1772. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 188.
385
See for elaborate account and commentary: K. Gustafson, ‘The requirm-
net of an ‘Express Agreement’ for Join Criminal Enterprise Liability’ in this
Symposium. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 188.
386
Judgment, Brđanin (IT-99-36-T), Trial Chember I, 1 September 2004, §
347 (hereinafter Brđanin Judgment). citirebulia: iqve, gv.188.

235. 234
sTvis, romlisTvisac braldebulebi struqturulad
Sors arian danaSaulis faqtiuri Cadenis adgilidan.
friad gasakviria, rom sasamarTlo palatam miloSeviCis
saqmeze gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciisa da
meTaurTa pasuxismgeblobis problemaze moiTxova am-
icus curiae daskvnebi.387
maSasadame, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis ZiriTadi idea isaa, rom is vinc SeurTdeba danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis erTobas, Tundac maT fizikurad
ar CaedinoT danaSauli, koleqtiurad pasuxismgebelni
arian aRniSnuli organizaciis wevrebis mier Cadenili
danaSaulebisTvis. meore da mesame kategoriis gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cneba saerTa-
Soriso sisxlis samarTalSi arc erTi sakanonmdeblo
aqtiT mowesrigebuli ar aris, ris gamoc maTi gamoyene-
ba arRvevs kanonierebis princips.
meoTxe, saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebis mixedviT, gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sami katego-
ria gamoiyofa: ZiriTadi, sistematuri da gafarToebu-
li, romelTagan yvelaze sadavo mesame kategoriaa.
mexuTe, aseve ganxilvis sagnad aris qceuli Semdegi
sakiTxi: aris Tu ara TavisTavad gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis arseboba danaSauli anu
gaurkvevelia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia danaSaulia Tu pasuxismgeblobis forma. azrTa
sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, aSkaraa, rom gaerTianebu-
li danaSaulebrivi organizacia danaSauli ver iqneba,
387
Order on Amicus Curiae observations proprio motu on the desirability
of submissions on the alternative basis of individual criminal responsibility
alleged in the case and ond the issue of traials in absentia, Miloŝević (IT-02-
54-T), 1 july 2005. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi,
gv. 189.

236. 235
radgan es kanonis analogia iqneboda anu tribunalebs
unda SeetanaT wesdebaSi axali danaSauli, risi ufle-
bac maT ar aqvT. Tumca isic, unda aRiniSnos, rom tri-
bunalebis mier kanonis sakmaod farTo interpreta-
ciam, xSirad eWvqveS daayena kanonierebis principi
da aman safuZveli misca mecnierebs ganecxadebinaT,
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia pa-
suxismgeblobis forma ki ara, aramed danaSaulia, ris
gamoc gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
koncefcia mogvagonebs SeTqmulebis kanons. rogorc
ukve aRiniSna, gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis forma, pirvelad naTlad iqna formulirebuli
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis mier braldebul v.
dusko tadiCis saqmeze gamotanil gamamtyunebel gana-
CenSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom gansazRvra mocemuli
formis pasuxismgeblobis elementebi: 1) pirTa simrav-
le; 2) erToblivi gegmis arseboba, romlis daniSnule-
baa an mizania wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis
Cadena; 3) braldebulis monawileoba erTobliv gegmaSi,
riTac xorcieldeba wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulebi.388
meeqvse, sainteresoa aseve Tanaamsruleblobisa da
Tanamonawileobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna, romelic
yvelaze dasabuTebuladaa mocemuli germanul doq-
trinaSi, romelic qmedebaze funqcionaluri batono-
bis saxeliTaa cnobili (funktionalle Taterrschaftslehre). `ta-
diCis saqmeze saapelacio palatam gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia winaaRmdegobrivad axsna.
erTi mxriv, palatam koncefcia warmogvidgina `ganxor-
cielebis~ dasaTaurebiT da gamijna igi danaSaulSi dax-
388
ix. Mohamed Suma, dasax. naSromi.

237. 236
marebisa da danaSaulis wamqezeblobisgan, romlebic,
umeteswilad, moxseniebuli iyo terminiT danaSaulSi
`Tanamonawileoba~,389
romelic `sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi pasuxismgeblobis nakleb xarisxs~ awesebda.390
meore
mxriv, saerTo mizani/gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia moixsenia Tanamonawileobis formad.391
saqmes arTulebs isic, rom SemdegSi yofili iugosla-
viis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
saapelacio palatam gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv or-
ganizaciaSi TanamonawileobasTan mimarTebiT gamoiy-
ena terminebi `amsrulebeli~ da `Tanaamsrulebloba~.392
`saerTo miznis/gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis winaaRmdegobrivi buneba romanul-germanuli
da saerTo samarTlis hibriduli memkvidreobidan mom-
dinareobs. Tanaamsrulebloba (co-perpetration) romanul-
germanuli samarTlis cnebaa, romelic danaSaulis Ca-
denasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli piris danaSaulSi
ubralod damxmarisagan gasamijnad gamoiyeneba. am
ukanasknelis mier Setanili wvlilisTvis maqsimalur-
Tan SedarebiT dabali sasjeli iniSneba. damnaSaveTa
amgvari kategorizacia sasamarTlobis mier Seqmnil
precedentul samarTalSi romanul-germanuli samar-
Tlis mixedviT Semovida. piriqiT, gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia saerTo samarTlis mixedviT,
TanamonawileobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis formaa. Ta-
naamsruleblobisa da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis Taobaze amgvari uwisrigobis gamo, es
ori cneba Semdgomi sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebsa da
389
In this it relied on the text of Art. 2(3)(c) of the International Convention
for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombing, See Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra
note 4, § 221. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv.
189.
390
Ibid, § 192. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 189.
391
Ibid, § 202. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 189.
392
Ibid, § 192. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 189-190.

238. 237
procesebze konkurirebadi axsna-ganmartebis sagnad
iqca.~393
dasasrul, gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis doqtrinis erT-erTi umTavresi nakli winas-
warganWvretadobis arasrulyofili da bundovani da-
muSavebaa. braldebulebs maSinac SeiZleba daekisroT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, rodesac
qmedebebi winaswar ar iyo SeTanxmebuli, Tumca SeTanx-
mebuli ganzraxi danaSaulebisTvis Tanmdevi SeuTanx-
mebeli ganzraxi danaSaulebi winaswarganWvretadi
iyo. winaswarganWvredatobis ganzraxvis paralelurad
moazreba, aseve bundovania. kvlevis Sedegad SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom winsaswarganWvretadoba mxolod obi-
eqturi testia, ris gamoc subieqturi Seracxvis prin-
cipi ilaxeba.
393
Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 190.

239. 238

240. meore karimeore kari
trefikingis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi,
kriminologiuri da sasamarTlo
praqtikuli analizi

241. http://soroptimistvista.org/stop_trafficking

242. 241
guram naWyebia
iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori
Tavi ITavi I
adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
meTodologiuri sakiTxebi
Sesavali
adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) meTodologiuri
sakiTxebi, samwuxarod, saTanadod araa Seswavlili. am-
denad, Cven vcdilobT, mokled mainc ganvixiloT am dan-
aSaulis arsis, mizezis, Sedegis, Cadenis fsiqikuri saz-
risis, Cadenis xerxebis anu misi Semadgenlobis, marTl-
winaaRmdegobisa da bralis meTodologiuri sakiTxebi.
yuradRebas mivaqcevT agreTve adamianis filosofiur
problemas, radgan trefikingi (adamianebiT vaWroba)
adamianis arsis filosofiuri gagebis gareSe sworad
ver iqneba gagebuli. am mxriv yuradRebas mivaqcevT Ri-
rebulebis aqsiologiur problemas, radgan am pozicii-
dan adamiani aris mizani, rogorc upirobo Rirebuleba,
da ara mxolod saSualeba (i. kanti). filosofiuri an-
Tropologiis gareSe SeuZlebelia imis gageba, Tu ra
azri hqonda da aqvs dResac adamianis mier adamianis, an
saxelmwifos mier adamianis eqsploatacias.
termini `trefikingi~ inglisuria da sityvasityviT
gagebulia rogorc adamianebiT vaWroba. saqarTvelos
kanonSi `adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRm-
deg brZolis Sesaxeb~ (2006 wlis 28 aprili) trefikingi
adamianebiT vaWrobasTanaa gaigivebuli. am kanonis
me-3 muxlSi ganmartebulia terminebi, maT Soris tre-
fikingi, rogorc adamianebiT vaWroba. magram saqme isaa,

243. 242
rom am ganmartebidan trefikingis ufro farTo Sinaar-
si gamomdinareobs, vidre adamianebiT vaWroba. kerZod,
trefikingis xerxebi adasturebs, rom trefikingi ada-
mianebiT vaWrobasac gulisxmobs, magram masze ar dai-
yvaneba. rogorc sworad aRniSnavs g. mamulaSvili, ar
arsebobs trefikingis universaluri cneba, magram ada-
mianiT vaWrobasTan trefikingis gaigiveba, misive az-
riT, arasworia.1
termini `trefikingi~ adamianebiT vaWrobadaa gaigive-
buli erT-erT saxelmZRvaneloSi sasamarTlo struq-
turis warmomadgenlebisaTvis.2
cxadia, trefikingi,
rogorc ukve iTqva, adamianebiT vaWrobasac moicavs. d.
juluxaZe sworad aRniSnavs, rom trefikingi, saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431
-e muxlis Tanax-
mad, upirveles yovlisa, SeiZleba gamovlindes adamia-
nis yidva-gayidvaSi.3
Tumca avtori arc imas ugulebe-
lyofs, rom trefikingi adamianis SromiT Tu seqsualur
eqspluataciaSi Cabmasac gulisxmobs. arsebobs mTeli
rigi dokumentebisa, romlebSic sxvadasxva kuTxiTaa
ganxiluli trefikingis gamovlinebani da maTTan brZo-
lis RonisZiebani. aseTebia, magaliTad: saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier ratificirebuli bavSvis uflebebis
konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi (2002 wlis 27 seqtemberi);
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRm-
deg gaeros konvenciis oqmi (2006 wlis 7 ivnisi); evropis
sabWos konvencia adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb (2006 wlis 22 dekemberi) da
sxva.
1
g. mamulaSvili, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis sruly-
ofisaTvis, `marTlmsajuleba da kanoni,~ Tb., 2006, # 2, gv. 56.
2
adamianTa vaWrobis (trefikingis) sisxlis samarTlis danaSau-
lis sasamarTlo ganxilva, Tb., 2008.
3 d. juluxaZe, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba tre-
fikingisTvis, Tb., 2006, gv. 9.

244. 243
rogorc aRniSnulia, 2000 wlamde ar arsebobda tre-
fikingis iuridiuli definicia, romelic sayovelTaod
iqneboda miRebuli. 2002 wels qalaq palermoSi msofli-
os saxelmwifoebma xeli moaweres transnacionaluri
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis konvencias da amasTan erTad, oqms
`adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, tre-
fikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Ses-
axeb~, romelic iqca adamianTa trefikingis danaSaulis
definiciis Semcvel pirvel saerTaSoriso iuridiul
dokumentad.4
garda amisa, arsebobs literatura tre-
fikingis Sesaxeb.5
§ 1. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) mizezebi da
xelSemwyobi pirobebi
adamianebis trefikingi rTuli, mravalmxrivi dana-
Saulia, romlis mizezebis, xelSemwyobi pirobebisa da
Tavidan acilebis problema rTuli, mravalmxrivi
4
n. baqaquri, ojaxuri Zaladoba da adamianTa trefikingi, Tb.,
2004, gv. 84.
5
magaliTad, n. Todua, adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi),
`sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili~, Tb., 2006, gv. 193-211; g.
Rlonti, `adamianebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi~, Tb., 2005; Глон-
ти Г. Торговля людьми с целью сексуальной эксплуатации: Реалии и
перспективы, Криминологический анализ проституции, порнобизнеса
и трефикинга, Тб., 2004; Т. Долголенко, Уголовная ответственность за
торговлю людьми, ,,Уголовное право~ 2004, № 2.; g. lobJaniZe, tre-
fikingis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi, Tb., 2006; misive, saerTa-
Soriso organizaciebi, damnaSaveobis zogierTi problema,
Tb., 2002; kriminologia, T. wereTlis saxelmwifosa da samar-
Tlis instituti, Tb., 2008.; m. turava, adamianebiT vaWroba
(trefikingi), `sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis ko-
mentari“, danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2008; z. wulaia,
kriminologia, zogadi da kerZo nawili, Tb., 2005 da sxva.

245. 244
kriminologiuri problemaa. gasagebia, rom aRniSnuli
problema vrcel msjelobas moiTxovs, xolo Cven am
problemas mokled da isic am danaSaulis subieqtur
mxaresTan kavSirSi ganvixilavT. kerZod, ra aris tre-
fikingis, rogorc danaSaulis, motivi, anu fsiqikuri
sazrisi. davas ar iwvevs, rom trefikingis wamyvani mo-
tivi aris angareba, Tumca araa gamoricxuli misi Cadena
sxva motiviTac. aseTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT, magali-
Tad: Suri, SurisZieba,6
konkretuli piris pativisa da
Rirsebis damcireba da sxva. magram materialisturi
filosofiis Tanaxmad, motivi, rogorc nebismieri qce-
vis fsiqikuri sazrisi, garesamyaros movlenebis zemo-
qmedebis gareSe ar Cndeba. meorenairad rom vTqvaT,
adamianis qceva saTanado moTxovnilebis gareSe ar
xorcieldeba. moTxovnileba aris cocxali organizmis,
maT Soris, adamianis, aqtivobis wyaro. magram SesaZle-
belia moTxovnileba qcevaSi uSualod gadavides ise,
rom am SemTxvevaSi qcevis motivacia saWiro ar gaxdes.
aseT qcevas akad. d. uznaZis fsiqologiur moZRvre-
baSi impulsuri qceva hqvia, radgan am mimarTebiT qce-
vas uSualod moTxovnilebis impulsi warmarTavs da
igi cnobierebis sagangebo Carevis gareSec xorcield-
eba. magaliTad, quCaSi adamians SeuZlia mowios Tambaqo
imgvarad, rom cnobiereba sul sxva saganze mimarTos,
magaliTad: esaubros nacnobs da ikamaTos masTan, ma-
gram igive adamians oficialur samTavrobo sxdomebze,
Teatralur warmodgenebze Tu studentur auditorie-
bSi, Tambaqos wevis moTxovnilebis Sekaveba mouwevs da
amas igi nebisyofis meSveobiT moaxerxebs. aseT qcevas
ki akad. d. uznaZe nebismier qcevas uwodebs. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi moTxovnileba qcevaSi pirdapir da uSualod ki ar
gadadis, rogorc es xdeba impulsuri qcevisas, aramed
motivaciis gaSualebiT. motivacia exeba imas, Tu ra xe-
6
d. juluxaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 24.

246. 245
rxebiT dakmayofildes es moTxovnileba. akad. d. uznaZe
werda `fsiqologiaSi nebismieri moqmedebis sabuTs anu
safuZvels motivs uwodeben. maSasadame, sanam adamiani
raimes gadawyvetdes, man saTanado motivebis Zebna unda
daiwyos: gadawyvetis aqts motivaciis procesi uZRvis
win.~7
unda iTqvas, rom motivi da motivacia anu raime gadaw-
yvetilebis fsiqologiuri dasabuTeba, garefaqtoreb-
is zegavlenis gareSe ar xdeba. meorenairad rom vTqvaT,
arsebobs motivaciis, rogorc adamianis Sinagani fsiqi-
kuri procesis, garegani mizezi, romelic subieqtis ne-
bisagan damoukidebel obieqtur samyaroSi mdebareobs.
igulisxmeba adamianis qcevis mizezi, romelic, rogorc
wesi, motivaciis gavliT iwvevs adamianis ama Tu im qmede-
bas. swored esaa adamianis Tavisuflebis fsiqologi-
uri piroba. kerZod, mizezi adamianis saqciels fatal-
isturad, saTanado motivaciis gareSe, ar gansazRvravs.
es exeba trefikingsac, rogorc danaSaulebrivi qmede-
bis obieqturi da subieqturi mxareebis gansazRvrul
erTianobas. prof. b. xaraziSvili marTebulad werda,
rom mizezi `obieqturi xasiaTisaa maSinac, roca igi
adamianis moqmedebas ukavSirdeba, magram ramdenadac
nebismier qcevas uSualod motivi aRZravs da es uka-
naskneli qcevis warmmarTvelad funqciobs, amitom da-
naSaulobaTa mizezebis problema am kuTxiT Seswavlas
moiTxovs.~8
avtori marTebulad aRniSnavda, rom `dana-
Saulebrivi qmedebis obieqturi wanamZRvrebi yovelT-
vis gare sinamdvileSi unda veZioT.~9
rogorc vxedavT, avtori meTodologiurad savsebiT
7
d.uznaZe, zogadi fsiqologia, Tb., 1998, gv. 203.
8
b. xaraziSvili, kriminalistika, Tb., 1969, gv. 492.
9
iqve, gv. 485.

247. 246
swor poziciaze idga, rodesac igi adamianis qmedebas
obieqturisa da subieqturis (mizezisa da motivis) er-
Tianobad warmoaCenda. am poziciidan ki igi mkacrad
akritikebda im komunistur ideologias, romlis Ta-
naxmad, sabWoTa kavSirSi danaSaulebis obieqturi pi-
robebi TiTqos mospobilia da rom danaSaulis mizezi
calkeuli adamianSi (kapitalizmis gadmonaSTebis sax-
iT) arsebobs. es debuleba ara marto aramecnieruli,
aramed antimarqsistulic gaxldaT. kerZod, marqsizmi
adamianis cnobierebas misive yofierebas ukavSirebda.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu socializmis dros danaSaulis
obieqturi socialuri mizezebi ar arsebobs, maSin da-
naSauli biologiuri movlena yofila, xolo es marq-
sizmisaTvis principulad miuRebelia. prof. b. xaraz-
iSvili werda, rom mizezi adamianis mimarTac iwvevs
aucilebel Sedegs, magram es Sedegi motivis saxiTaa
xolme mocemuli nebismieri qcevis SemTxvevaSi da is as-
rulebs wamyvan rols. misi azriT, `danaSaulis Cadenis
obieqturi mizezi cnobierebiT aris dakavSirebuli
motivaciis procesTan.~10
amdenad Tu danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis obieqturi mxaris daxasiaTebisas arsebiTia
yuradRebis gamaxvileba danaSaulis gamomwvev mizezsa
da pirobebze, `danaSaulis subieqturi mxaris dadgena
aucileblad gulisxmobs danaSaulebrivi qcevis mo-
tivis Seswavlas.~11
ufro metic, avtori yuradRebas aqcevda im zogad
debulebas, rom adamianis qceva moTxovnilebis gar-
eSe ar xorcieldeba, xolo moTxovnileba yovelTvis
raimes danaklisis saxiT ganicdeba. aqedan gamomdin-
are, avtori danaSaulis konkretul mizezad asaxelebs
moTxovnilebis saganTan individis damokidebulebas.
10
b. xaraziSvili, kriminalistika, Tb., 1969, gv. 497.
11
iqve, gv. 487.

248. 247
misi daskvniT `Cven ver davasaxelebT verc erT dana-
Saulebriv SemTxvevas, sadac subieqti ar amJRavnebdes
Sromisadmi an adamianebisadmi damokidebulebis anti-
sazogadoebriv xasiaTs.~12
yovelive es trefikingzec
aris naTqvami, radgan trefikingi marTlac gamoxatavs
rogorc Sromisadmi, ise sakuTriv adamianebisadmi an-
tisazogadoebriv damokidebulebas. kerZod, rogorc
qvemoT davinaxavT, monaTmflobelur ideologiaSi
fizikuri Sroma adamianis damamcireblad iyo miCneuli,
xolo trefikingi, adamianisadmi antisazogadoebriv
damokidebulebas marTlac gamoxatavs.
am debulebis sasargeblod metyvelebs araerTi isto-
riuli paraleli, romelic gasaocrad hgavs dRevan-
delobas. ise Cans, TiTqos adamians monaTmflobelo-
bis epoqidan, roca monebs, rogor wesi, cxovelebze
ufro iafad yidulobdnen an yiddnen, erTi nabijic
ar gadaudgams win progresisaken. am debulebas, Ta-
vis mxriv ganamtkicebs is friad aRmaSfoTebeli viTa-
reba, rodesac adamianebiT vaWrobasTan dakavSirebiT
dResac saubaria adamianis, rogorc trefikingis msx-
verplis, monobis msgavs mdgomareobaSi Cayenebaze an
ubralod laparakoben Tanamedrove monobazec ki. mag-
aliTad, adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRm-
deg brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos konvenciaSi, romelic
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2006 wlis 22 dekember-
saa ratificirebuli, naTqvamia, rom adamianebiT vaWro-
bas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves am vaWrobis msxverplTa
monur mdgomareobamde miyvana. amdenad, sworadaa naTq-
vami, rom adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi) `warmoad-
gens monobis Tanamedrove formas, monaTmflobeluri
vaWrobis axal tips.~13
aqve naTqvamia isic, rom saqarT-
12
b. xaraziSvili, kriminalistika, Tb., 1969, gv. 504.
13
ix. dasaxelebuli saxelmZRvanelo trefikingis sakiTxebi

249. 248
veloSi am danaSaulis zrdis mizezi mWidrodaa dakav-
Sirebuli garkveuli profesiebis adamianebis samuSao
Zalaze arsebul mzard moTxovnilebasTan, agreTve
imasTanac, rom adamianTa nawils surs wayvanil iqnan
sazRvargareT Sepirebuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad.14
am ukanasknel survils ki, Tavis mxriv iwvevs mosaxleo-
bis mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, umuSevroba, SeZe-
nili profesiis Sesatyvisi samuSaos povnis siZnele
(roca, magaliTad, umaRlesi ganaTlebiT istorikosi
iZulebuli xdeba taqsis mZRolad imuSaos da ojaxi
amiT arCinos), magram kidev ufro mZime da sariskoa md-
gomareoba im pirebisa, romlebic sazRvargareT samuS-
aod miemgzavrebian, radgan isini SeiZleba aRmoCndnen
msxverplni iZulebiTi Sromisa, prostituciisa, por-
nografiisa, adamianis organoebiT vaWrobisa da sxva.
yovelive amas ki is sazrisi aqvs, rom msoflio bazarze
adamianTa monur eqspluatacias maRali da usafrTxo
mogeba moaqvs. amdenad, pirdapir SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
`adamianebiT vaWroba monaTmflobeluri saxelmwifosa
da samarTlis gamoZaxilia Tanamedrove epoqaSi, Tumca
am saxis danaSaulma Tavisi ganviTarebis istoriuli gza
gamoiara. tyveTa syidvam, adamianebiT vaWrobam farTo
xasiaTi miiRo feodalur epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT mu-
sulmanur saxelmwifoebSi, sadac adamianTa cocxal ba-
zarSi Cveulebrivi nivTis Tu cxovelis msgavsad hyid-
dnen da yidulobden adamianebs.15
mokled SevexebiT monaTmflobelur epoqaSi monebis
eqspluataciis ekonomikur mizezebsa da Sedegebs. cxa-
dia, monoba martooden ekonomikuri mizeziT ar warmo-
sasamarTlo struqturis warmomadgenlobisTvis, gv. 5.
14
iqve, gv. 7.
15
g. lobJaniZe, saerTaSoriso organzaciebi, damnaSaveobis
zogierTi problema, gv. 97-98.

250. 249
Sobila. am udides istoriul movlenas ideologiur-
politikuri xelSemwyobi pirobebic hqonda (Tundac
imisi mtkicebis cda, rom mona srulyofili adamiani
araa). magram am samarcxvino saqmeSi ekonomikur motivs
mainc gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda. prof. m. aleq-
siSvili sworad miuTiTebda, rom monaTmflobelur
ideologiaSi adamianis damcireba monobis winaaRmdeg
da maTdami urjukuli damokidebulebis gamarTlebas
emsaxureboda. avtori werda, rom xomaldis saxifaTo
mdgomareobis dros, samwuxarod, monaTmflobels
bevri fiqri ar sWirdeboda, zRvaSi romeli gadaegdo
_ ZviradRirebuli cxeni Tu iafi mona? misi daskvniT,
monaTmflobels `aq humanizmis veraviTari normebi ver
SeaCerebda _ ZviradRirebuli cxeni SeenarCunebina da
ufro iafad Rirebuli mona ki zRvaSi gadaegdo.~16
avto-
ri CamoTvlis im mizezebs, romlebmac monisadmi amgvari
damokidebuleba ganapirobes. pirveli mizezi am mxriv
iyo sixarbe da, meTodebis miuxedavad, simdidris dag-
rovebisadmi damokidebuleba. simdidre saTnoebis wy-
arod gamocxadda da maSin am wyaros gazrdis nebismieri
saSualeba gamarTlebuli iyo.17
meore mizezi iyo meqr-
Tameobisa da gamoZalvis udidesi gaqaneba da ganviTa-
reba. am saqmes, avtoris mtkicebiT, TviT `RvTaebrivi~
cezaric ki ar Takilobda. monas aiZulebdnen prosti-
tuciaSi Cabmas, raTa es axali Semosavlis wyaro gamx-
dariyo.18
garda amisa, didi mniSvneloba hqonda monaT-
mflobelTa sacxovrebeli saxlebis mdidrulad aSene-
bas da Zvirfasi liTonebiT gawyobas. erTi sityviT,
monobis mdgomareobas da monis sastik eqspluatacias
ekonomikuri interesi ganapirobebs. aseTive interesi
16
m. aleqsiSvili, monoba da monaTmflobeluri ideologia
antikur samyaroSi, Tb., 1974, gv. 345.
17
iqve, gv. 246.
18
iqve, gv. 252.

251. 250
udevs safuZvlad e.w. `tyvis syidvas~ feodalur saqa-
rTveloSi, rac, rogorc aRniSnaven, feodalur saqa-
rTvelos ukiduresi dacemis niSani iyo. centraluri
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis dasusteba da dacema, qvey-
nis `mesveurad~ wodebul TavadaznaurTa TavaSvebu-
loba da Sina omebi qveyanas Zalas aclida. erTmaneTTan
modave feodalebi erTmaneTs arbevdnen da Zarcvavd-
nen, ymebi tyveebad mihyavdaT, rogorc `omSi naSovni~ da
maTi `miudevari~ sakuTreba.19
sayuradReboa Semdegic: gaqcevis SemTxvevaSi glexi sa-
kuTar Tavs ufro met safrTxeSi agdebda, radgan igi
advilad iqceoda sakbilod da saqonlad adamianebiT
movaWre avazakebisTvis.20
analogiur viTarebaSi vard-
eba saqarTvelos dRevandeli moqalaqec, romelic
iZulebiT sazRvargareT samuSaos povnis imediT, garb-
is saqarTvelodan. yovelive es gvaZlevs safuZvels
davaskvnaT, rom adamianebiT vaWrobas, rogorc war-
sulSi (monaTmflobelur epoqaSi da feodalur saqarT-
veloSi), ise dResac ZiriTadad ganapirobebs ekono-
mikuri mizezebi. sworad aRniSnaven qarTveli krimi-
nologebi, rom Cvens qveyanaSi danaSaulis SenarCuneba
da arseboba determinirebulia mTeli rigi mizezebiT,
maT Soris sazogadoebaSi arsebuli ekonomikuri xasi-
aTis winaaRmdegobebiT. 21
friad sainteresoa i. goZiaSvilis azri, rom sabWoTa
saqarTveloSi damnaSaveobis SedarebiT dabali done
miuTiTebda mZlavr araformalur kontrolze, romel-
ic danaSaulis Semakavebel faqtorad gvevlineboda. av-
19
a. kilasonia, adamianebiT vaWroba saqarTvelo-kavkasiaSi
XVI-XIX saukuneebSi, Tb., 2006, gv. 38.
20
iqve, gv. 39.
21
z. wulaia, kriminologia, zogadi da kerZo nawili, Tb., 2005.

252. 251
toris azriT, samarTlebrivi sistemis gareT arsebuli
es sazogadoebrivi kontroli (ufrosebisadmi pativis-
cema, araformaluri normebis arseboba), `romelic
efeqtur kontrols uwevs adamianis qcevas ojaxSi, sa-
zogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi, nasvam mdgomareobaSi
da a.S. da romelic batonobda saqarTveloSi didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi da misTvis mZime momentebSic qarTveli
xalxis gadarCenis erT-erT efeqtur saSualebas war-
moadgenda.22
avtori marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom yofil
sabWoTa respublikebs Soris saqarTveloSi ekonomi-
kuri xasiaTis danaSauls erT-erTi yevlaze maRali
(meore) adgili ekava. avtoris daskvniT, es imiT aixs-
neba, rom `cxovrebis wesi, romelic saqarTveloSi gaba-
tonebuli iyo da gvevlineboda, rogorc antikrimi-
nogenuri faqtori, Tavis mxriv moiTxovda saTanado
ekonomikur Zalisxmevas mis SesanarCuneblad. Tavisi
efeqturi arsebobisaTvis ojaxi, rogorc tradiciuli
faseulobebis mZlavri matarebeli, moiTxovda ekono-
mikur uzrunvelyofas. amis gareSe ojaxma SeiZleba
dakargos mosaxleobaSi arsebuli da damkvidrebuli
wlebis manZilze Tavisi roli da avtoriteti. pativis-
cema ojaxuri faseulobebis mimarT SeiZleba advilad
gaiqarwylos, rogorc ki ojaxSi warmoiSoba ekonomi-
kuri problemebi.~23
Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
bolo ori saukune qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis ga-
reSe davrCiT, ojaxi bunebrivad iqca qarTveli kacis
yofierebis wamyvan kerad. mogvianebiT viTareba Seicv-
ala im mxriv, rom qarTvel xalxs aqvs damoukidebeli
saxelmwifo, magram ekonomikurma siZneleebma safrTxe
Seuqmna rogorc saxelmwifo mSeneblobis, ise ojax-
22
i. goZiaSvili, sazogadoebrivi erTianoba da danaSauli,
`sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformisa da Taname-
drove kriminologiis problemebi~, Tb., 2006, gv. 383.
23
iqve, gv. 384.

253. 252
uri tradiciebis saqmes. am mxriv trefikingi, rogorc
danaSauli, udides safrTxes uqmnis saqarTvelos. am
safrTxis Sesaxeb cota qvemoT visaubrebT. aq ki gvin-
da yuradReba mivaqcioT sazogadoebriv da saxelmwi-
foebriv cxovrebaSi ekonomikuri rolis problemas.
rogorc cnobilia, marqsizmi gamocxadebul iqna isto-
riis axal, dialeqtur-materialistur gagebad, romlis
Tanaxmad, sazogadoebis arsebobas da ganviTarebas misi
ekonomikuri pirobebi gansazRvravs. es iyo sabWoTa kav-
SirSi gabatonebuli debuleba, magram sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlis Semdeg am ideebis gadasinjvis sakiTxic daisva.
kerZod, rogorc cnobilia, k. marqsis gardacvalebis
Semdeg fr. engelsi cdilobda gaeca pasuxi istoriis
materialisturi gagebis ZiriTad sakiTxebze, misi rigi
werilebi adasturebs, rom fr. engelsi TiTqos iTval-
iswinebda sazogadoebis ganviTarebis araekonomikur
faqtorebsac, socialuri struqturis SefardebiT
damoukideblobas, magram is saboloo jamSi mainc aRi-
arebda ekonomikuri faqtorebis wamyvan xasiaTs, xolo
profesorma b. lutiZem sworad SeniSna, rom sazogadoe-
bis erTfaqtoriani axsna da gageba meTodologiurad
miuRebelia.24
sazogadoebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba,
cxadia bevr rames ganapirobebs, Tumca is sazogadoe-
brivi procesebis ganviTarebis an maTi Seferxebis erTa-
derTi faqtori ar aris. magaliTad, dasavleT saqarT-
veloSi e.w. `tyveTa syidvas~ mxolod ekonomikuri in-
teresi ar ganapirobebda. jer erTi, rogorc sworadaa
aRniSnuli, tyve glexTa kategorias qarTuli samar-
Tali ar icnobs. am azrs isic adasturebs, rom `tyve~
araqarTvels da uTvistomos niSnavda, Semdeg ki moxda
24
b. lutiZe, fr. engelsis komentaris komentari (fr. engel-
sis XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis werilebis gamo), `filosofi-
uri Ziebani,~ t. V, Tb., 2003, gv. 114.

254. 253
am terminis transformacia.25
meorec, marTalia, feodalur saqarTveloSi yma-
glexebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mZime iyo, rac ma-
Sindel Tavadaznaurobas tyveTa syidvisken ubiZgebda,
magram meore mxriv, rom ar yofiliyo musulmanuri
garemocva, es movlena SeiZleba arc warmoSobiliyo.
saqme yma-glexebis feodaluri eqsploataciiT dam-
Tavrdeboda. magram cnobilia, rom magaliTad, Turqi
vaWrebi nivTebs qarTvel vaWrebTan mxolod adamian-
ebze cvlidnen, xolo qveynis `mesveuri~ adgilobrivi
didebulebi am danaSaulebriv gacvliT saqmianobas
eweodnen.26
garda amisa, ukve iTqva, rom feodalur saqa-
rTveloSi `tyveTa syidva~ centraluri saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis dasustebis pirobebSi iyo SesaZlebeli.
ase rom, monobis Tu tyveTa syidvis mizezebSi mxolod
ekonomikuri faqtori ar monawileobda. igive SeiZleba
iTqvas trefikingis Tanamedrove mizezebsa da pirobe-
bze. kerZod, saqarTveloSi mZime mdgomareoba imanac
Seqmna, rom afxazeTidan didi raodenobiT devnili
mosaxleoba aRmoCnda daucveli da umuSevari, magram
visac ekonomikurad uWirda da uWirs, sazRvargareT
samuSaod ar midioda da ar midis dResac. meorec, saz-
RvargareT samuSaod aralegaluri gziTac midiodnen,
rasac Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobda zRvargadasuli ko-
rufcia, sazRvargareT gasamgzavreblad yalbi doku-
mentebis damzadebis SesaZlebloba, sazRvris saTanado
daucveloba, saemigracio samsaxuris gaumarTavi muS-
aoba da sxva. xSiradaa aRniSnuli, rom saqarTvelodan
emigrirebulTa umetesoba samuSaodaa wasuli, magram
iq legaluri SromiTi migracia TiTqmis SeuZlebelia
da maSin gasagebi xdeba, adamianTa didi nawili arale-
galuri migrantia, rac safrTxes uqmnis maT uflebebsa
25
a. kilasonia, dasax. naSromi, gv. 40.
26
iqve, gv. 40.

255. 254
da Tavisuflebas da qmnis maTi eqsploataciis realur
safrTxes.27
amrigad, advili misaxvedria, rom Tanamedrove tre-
fikingi ekonomikur motivebs, ra Tqma unda, mowyvetili
ar aris. ufro metic, adamianebis trefikingis Sedegad
uzarmazari mogeba grovdeba, arc am saSineli borotmo-
qmedebis ukidures amoralurobaze metyvelebs, magram
Tu gvinda, rom saqarTveloSi trefikingi SevamciroT
da Tavidan aviciloT, saWiroa am borotebis mizezebisa
da xelSemwyobi pirobebis analizi, raTa maTze efeqtu-
ri zemoqmedebiT SevZloT misi Tavidan acileba.
§ 2. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Sedegebi
adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi), rogorc sworadaa
aRniSnuli, sazogadod, xelyofs adamianis araerT fun-
damentur uflebas da Tavisuflebas amitomaa, rom igi
rogorc wesi scildeba erTi romelime qveynis farg-
lebs da transnacionalur xasiaTs iZens. amdenad es
danaSauli mravalmxrivi mavneobiTa da saSiSroebiT
gamoirCeva. is xelyofs adamianis Tavisuflebas, dadge-
nili wesisamebr Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis uflebas,
rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis gareT, agreTve adamia-
nis Rirsebas da Sromis Tavisuflebas, ojaxisa da aras-
rulwlovanTa interesebs. am ukanasknelTa normaluri
ganviTarebisa da aRzrdis pirobebs, magram saqme isaa,
rom adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Sedegebi gan-
sakuTrebiT sagangaSoa iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogori-
caa saqarTvelo. isedac mcirericxovani qarTuli mo-
saxleoba, trefikingis Sedegad kidev ufro mcirdeba.
es ki did safrTxes uqmnis eris genofonds. garda imisa,
rom sazRvargareT samuSaos mZebneli da trefikingis
msxverpli ukan saqarTveloSi iSviaTad brundeba, ma-
gram vinc brundeba saeWvoa, rom man mokle xanSi SeZlos
27
n. beqauris dasax. naSromi, gv. 83-84.

256. 255
reabilitacia, ojaxis Seqmna, bavSvebis yola da maTi
normaluri ganviTareba; trefikingi eris genofonds
kidev ufro did safrTxes uqmnis im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac trefikingi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT xorcield-
eba, radgan arasrulwlovanTa SromiTi an seqsualuri
eqsploatacia spobs arasrulwlovnis pirovnebas, ro-
gorc momaval potenciur mSobels. yovelive es safuZ-
vels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna, rom trefikingi
upirveles yovlisa safrTxes uqmnis qarTveli eris
genofonds da esaa misi didi sazogadoebrivi saSiSroe-
bis maCvenebeli. amdenad, trefikingi saqarTvelosTan
mimarTebaSi didi sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis matare-
belia. es erTxel kidev adasturebs im garemoebas, rom
danaSaulis xasiaTi misi marTlwinaaRmdegobiT ar amoi-
wureba. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSi danaSaulis cneba
ganmartebulia formaluri niSniT, rogorc marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedeba. marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoxat-
avs qmedebis uaryofiT samarTlebriv Sefasebas, rac
cxadia, metad mniSvnelovania, magram ssk-is me-7 muxlis
meore nawilis swori gageba adasturebs, rom mciremniS-
vnelovani qmedeba, romelic zians ar ayenebs kanoniT
dacul samarTlebriv sikeTes an ar qmnis aseTi zianis
miyenebis safrTxes, danaSaulad ver CaiTvleba. aqedan
gamomdinare, trefikingis, rogorc danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis, socialur-politikuri, ideologiur-fi-
losofiur-erovnuli daxasiaTebisaTvis marTlwinaaR-
mdegobis niSani sakmarisi ar aris.
§ 3. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Cadenis Tavi-
seburebani
adamianTa trefikingi rTuli, mravalmxrivi danaSau-
lia. is SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes adamianis yidva-gayidvis
formiT, magram araa gamoricxuli misi Cadena am aqte-

257. 256
bis gareSec, erTi piris mierac (magaliTad, daqirave-
buli piris SromiTi eqspluatacia), aseve SesaZlebelia
misi Cadena danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formiT, maT
Soris myarad organizebuli jgufis mierac; SeiZleba
erTi qveynis administraciuli sazRvris farglebSic
moxdes da sxvadasxva qveynis teritoriazec hqondes
erTi dasrulebuli xasiaTi, magram araa gamoricxuli
misi Cadena araerTgzis an gangrZobadi danaSaulis sax-
iT; hqondes Sidaerovnulic da transnacionaluri xasi-
aTic, SeiZleba Caidinos fizikurma pirmac, magram araa
gamoricxuli misi Cadena iuridiuli piris mierac da a.S.
yovelive amis gamo dgas am danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
problema, romelic Tavis mxriv, misi Cadenis xerxebze
miuTiTebs. amdenad yuradRebas iqcevs TviT danaSau-
lis, maT Soris, trefikingis, rogorc aseTis, Cadenis
problema.
bunebrivia, rom es sakiTxi arsebiTad meTodologiuria,
radgan, rogorc ukve aRniSnuli gvqonda, danaSaulis,
rogorc aseTis Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed praqtikulad
xorcieldeba ama Tu im danaSaulis konkretuli Semad-
genloba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli qmedebis Cadenis konkretuli xerxia.28
sam-
wuxarod, sakiTxis aqtualobis gamo, iZulebulni varT,
aq zogi ram gavimeoroT.
cnobilia, rom adamiani garesinamdvilisadmi orgvar
damokidebulebas amyarebs. upirvelesi am mxriv aris
praqtikuli damoukidebloba. adamiani sazogadoebri-
vi praqtikis subieqtia. danaSaulis Cadenac sazoga-
doebriv praqtikaSi xdeba. sazogadoebrivi praqtika ki
mowesrigebulia socialuri normebiT. zneoba, religia,
28
g. naWyebia, qmdebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zogadi
Teoriis Sesavali, Tb., 2000, gv. 73-85.

258. 257
politika, samarTali da a.S. amyarebs adamianTa Soris
gansazRvrul urTierTobebs da yalibdeba sazogadoe-
brivi wesrigi, cxadia, maT Soris marTlwesrigi. ada-
mianis istoriuli qmnadoba swored sazogadoebriv
praqtikaSi xdeba. amitomaa, rom adamiani praqtikulad
cxovrobs gansazRvrul kulturaSi, qmnis da aviTarebs
am kulturas. samagierod, kulturac qmnis da ayal-
ibebs adamians. zneoba, religia, xelovneba, politika,
samarTali da sxva normatiuli sistema, RirebulebaTa
gansazRvrul ierarqias anu wesrigs gamoxatavs. ami-
tomaa, rom adamiani gare sinamdvilisadmi amyarebs ara
ubralod praqtikul mimarTebas, aramed praqtikul-
RirebulebiT mimarTebas. sikeTe, mSveniereba, samar-
Tlianoba, simamace da sxva _ iseTi Rirebulebania,
romelTa safuZvelze xdeba adamianTa urTierTobis
Sefaseba. magram adamiani gare sinamdvilisadmi Teo-
riul, SemecnebiT mimarTebasac amyarebs. igulisxmeba
rogorc kerZo mecnieruli, ise folosofiuri Semec-
neba. Teoriuli Semecneba ki garesinamdvilisadmi ada-
mianis praqtikul-RirebulebiT damokidebulebaze ar
daiyvaneba. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSi gadmocemulia da-
naSaulis cneba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli
qmedeba. cneba ki (kategoriac) aris azris logikuri
forma, romelic praqtikulad da pirdapiri logikuri
gziT ar xorcieldeba. amitomaa, rom praqtikulad
xorcieldeba ara danaSauli, rogorc aseTi, anu dana-
Saulis zogadi cneba, aramed ama Tu im danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis konkretuli Semadgenloba, romelic Semdgom-
Si SeiZleba dakvalificirdes danaSaulad. es debule-
ba vrceldeba ara mxolod danaSaulis zogad cnebaze,
aramed yvela saxis konkretuli danaSaulis cnebazec.
magaliTad, mkvleloba aris sxva adamianis sicocxlis

259. 258
marTlsawinaaRmdego da ganzraxi mospoba, magram praq-
tikulad mkvlelobis cneba rom xorcieldebodes, maSin
mkvlelobis calkeuli Semadgenlobani (ssk-is 108-114-e
muxlebi) saWiro arc iqneboda. maSasadame, praqtikulad
xorcieldeba ara mkvleloba sazogadod da rogorc
aseTi, aramed mkvlelobis calkeuli Semadgenlobani.
amrigad, danaSaulis, rogorc aseTis Cadena ki ar xde-
ba, aramed xorcieldeba ama Tu im qmedebis konkret-
uli Semadgenloba. es rasakvirvelia, exeba adamianTa
trefikingsac. ukve naTqvamia, rom trefikingi rTuli,
mravalmxrivi danaSaulia. amitomaa, rom is sxvadasx-
vanairad xorcieldeba anu misi Semadgenloba sakmaod
mravalferovania. TiToeuli es Semadgenloba adami-
anTa trefikingis Cadenis konkretuli xerxia. am Tval-
sazrisiT yuradRebas iqcevs prof. b. xaraziSvilis deb-
uleba, rom danaSauli fsiqologiuri qceva ki araa, ar-
amed fsiqologiuri qcevis anu motivisa da miznis ganx-
orcielebis xerxia. 29
magaliTad, qurdoba aris sxvisi
moZravi qonebis misakuTrebis mizniT marTlsawinaaR-
mdego dauflebis faruli xerxi. swored es xerxi Sei-
Zleba iyos sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswineb-
uli, sazogadoebrivad saSiSi, marTlsawinaaRmdego da
braleuli.
Cven ukve, mokled mainc gvqonda msjeloba imis Taoba-
ze, rom qceva fsiqologiurad motivSi vlindeba. magram
qceva fsiqologiurad mizansac gulisxmobs. marTalia,
mizani filosofiuri aspeqtis mqonea, magram amjerad
misi mxolod fsiqologiuri mxare gvainteresebs. ker-
Zod, Tu motivi moTxovnilebasTan kavSirSi subieqtis
nebas ukavSirdeba, rogorc gadawyvetilebis fsiqolo-
giuri safuZveli, mizani, rogorc qmedebis Sedegis ide-
aluri warmodgena-modeli subieqtis inteleqtTanaa
29
b. xaraziSvili, sicruis fsiqologia, Tb., 1975.

260. 259
dakavSirebuli, magram kriminologiurad da sisxlis-
samarTlebrivad arsebiTia nebismieri qcevis xerxi. mag-
aliTad, materialuri gamdidrebis survili TavisTavad
`angarebas~ sruliadac ar niSnavs, Tu es survili Tu
motivi kanonieri xerxiT xorcieldeba. magram sakmari-
sia, rom subieqti gamdidrebis motivs ukanono xerxiT
Seudges, rom es motivi angarebad Sefasdes. 30
rogorc
sworad miuTiTebs b. kvirikaSvili `xerxi _ qmedebis um-
niSvnelovanesi Tvisebaa. qmedeba yovelTvis individu-
aluri da specifikuria da am specifikurobas mas xerxi
aniWebs.~31
avtori marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom qmedebis xerxis Ser-
Ceva SemTxveviTi araa da igi gansazRvrulia im garemoe-
baTa sruli erTobliobiT, romelic axasiaTebs rogorc
danaSauls, ise mis Camden pirovnebas. kidev ufro sain-
teresoa avtoris mtkiceba, rom `yvelaze didi gavlena
danaSaulis xerxis SerCevaze, eWvs gareSea, mizans aqvs.
ukve miznis dasaxvac ki, yovelTvis dakavSirebulia mis
misaRwevad saWiro iaraRisa da saSualebebis gansaz-
RvrasTan~ da rom `yovel mizans Seesabameba misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli xerxi.~32
miuxedavad imisa, rom am msjelobaSi qmedebis xerxi
mizanTanaa dakavSirebuli, sakiTxi mainc dazustebas
moiTxovs. jer erTi, erTmaneTisgan unda ganvasxvavoT
danaSauli, rogorc fsiqologiuri qcevis ganxor-
cielebis xerxi, da TviT danaSaulis Cadenis xerxi. mag-
aliTad, adamianTa trefikingi, fsiqologiuri qcevis
30
Б. В. Хорнабуджели, Психологическая сторона вины, Тб., 1981, стр. 85.
31
b. kvirikaSvili, danaSaulebrivi qcevis subieqtur da obieq-
tur faqtorTa determinantebis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi,
`sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformisa da Tanamedrove
kriminologiis problemebi,~ Tb., 2006, gv. 392.
32
iqve, gv. 393.

261. 260
anu motivisa (magaliTad, angarebis motivis) da miznis
ganxorcielebis xerxia, magram sul sxvaa TviT tre-
fikingis, rogorc gansazRvruli danaSaulis Cadenis xe-
rxi. trefikingi SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes, magaliTad ada-
mianis motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT
da a.S. meorec, mizani aqsiologiurad dakavSirebulia
saSualebasTan, radgan nebismieri adamianuri qmedeba
SeiZleba Sefasdes sami komponentiT: mizniT, am miz-
nis Sesatyvisi saSualebiT da miRweuli SedegiT. amde-
nad, upirveles yovlisa, miznis xasiaTi mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravs qmedebis bunebas. magaliTad, adamiani
SeiZleba iyidon misi Semdgomi SromiTi Tu seqsualuri
eqsploataciis mizniT da es danaSaulia, magram adami-
ani SeiZleba gamoisyidon trefikingisagan misi daxs-
nis mizniT (Tu mocemul SemTxvevaSi misi daxsnis sxva
kanonieri gza ar arsebobs) da maSin es qmedeba, rogorc
ukiduresi aucilebloba, marTlzomieria. maSasadame,
qmedebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba mniSvnelovnadaa daka-
vSirebuli subieqtis qmedebis mizanTan. amitom sakiTxi
ase dgas: adamiani samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebulia
da amitom adamianebiT vaWroba dauSvebelia. amdenad,
adamianebiT vaWroba ukanonoa da amitom misi kanonieri
forma ar arsebobs. samwuxarod, zogjer es sakiTxi mT-
lad naTeli araa. kerZod, adamianebiT vaWrobis (tre-
fikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos 2006
wlis 22 dekembris konvenciis preambulis meore abzac-
Si naTqvamia, rom adamianebiT vaWroba warmoadgens
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevas, adamianis Rirsebisa da
pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSauls. amave pre-
ambulis momdevno abzacSi ki weria: `miiCneven, rom ada-
mianebiT ukanono vaWrobas SesaZloa Sedegad mohyves
am vaWrobis msxverplTa monur mdgomareobaze miyvana.~
ratom weria aq adaminTa ukanono vaWroba, gana adamian-
ebiT vaWrobis kanonieri forma arsebobs? ra Tqma unda,

262. 261
ara! es da zogierTi sxva siZnele adasturebs, rom das-
muli problema Semdgom gaRrmavebas moTxovs.
§4. adamianebiTvaWrobis(trefikingis)filosofiuri
aspeqtebi
trefikingi (adamianebiT vaWroba) filosofiur anal-
izsac moiTxovs. es, upirveles yovlisa, adamianis fi-
losofiur problemas exeba. filosofiuri msoflmxed-
veloba dogmaturi ki araa, aramed, piriqiT, kritikuli
da TviTkritikulia. filosofia epoqis kritikaa. ami-
tomac iyo, rom tiranebs da maT msaxurebs arasdros
ar hyvarebiaT filosofia.33
gasagebia, rom filosofia
aris adamianis kritikac, radgan igi dRemde ver gaTavi-
suflda Tavisive msgavsis, anu adamianis trefikingisa-
gan. samwuxarod, trefikingisadmi miZRvnili, am prob-
lemis filosofiuri mxare Tanamedrove literaturaSi
naxsenebic araa, es sakiTxi TiTqos zedmeti da arafris
momcemia. samwuxaroa isic, rom adamianTa trefikingis
filosofiuri mxare qarTveli filosofosebis intere-
sis sagani ar gamxdara. amdenad, Cven ar gvaqvs pretenzia,
rom am mxriv raime `garRvevas~ movaxdenT. SevecdebiT
mxolod imas, rom am sazareli danaSaulis anTropolo-
giur wanamZRvrebze mokled mainc SevCerdeT, raTa am
gziT Semdgomi kvleva-Zieba ufro efeqturad warimar-
Tos. savsebiT sworia mtkiceba, rom `filosofia ki ar
gvaSorebs cxovrebas, aramed ufro Rrmad gvaxedebs
Cveni cxovrebis arsSi.~34
magram siZnele isaa, rom ada-
mians sxvadasxva aspeqtiT araerTi kerZo mecniereba
swavlobs (fiziologia, anatomia, fsiqologia da a.S.).
adamianis cnebas ki arc erTi kerZo mecniereba ar ad-
33
T. buaCiZe, adamianis yofiereba da filosofiis raoba, `fi-
losofiuri antropologiis sakiTxebi,“ Tb., 1083, gv. 31.
34
iqve, gv. 30.

263. 262
gens. rogorc akademikosi a. boWoriSvili marTebulad
aRniSnavda, fsiqologia, swavlobs fsiqikas, `magram
adamianisagan mowyvetili fsiqika aravis unaxavs, xolo
es imas adasturebs, rom adamianis arsis filosofiuri
gagebis gareSe, adamianis Sesaxeb kerZo mecnierebani ver
dasabuTdebian.~35
samwuxarod, aris cdebi imisa, rom fi-
losofiuri anTropologiis gareSe daafuZnon samarT-
lis anTropologia, rogorc `adamianis samarTlebrivi
yofiereba~, rogorc amas fiqrobs, magaliTad, a. saido-
vi.3636
magram adamianis samarTlebrivi yofiereba TviT
adamianis arsis filosofiuri moZRvrebis gareSe swo-
rad ver iqneba gagebuli. kerZod, adamians, rogorc
metad Tavisebur arsebas, mokled rom vTqvaT, bunebis
gvirgvins Tu RvTis qmnilebas, imdenad didi da ganusaz-
Rvreli fasi adevs, rom mas konkretuli sabazro fasi
ar gaaCnia. meorenairad rom vTqvaT, adamiani sasaqonlo
brunvidan amoRebulia da amitom masze raime konkre-
tuli sabazro fasis daweseba dauSvebelia, magram ara
mxolod wminda samarTlebrivad, aramed, upirveles
yovlisa, filosofiurad. vinc sxva adamians angarebis
motiviT yidis an yidulobs, is TavisTavsac aqcevs saba-
zro urTierTobis sferoSi da adamianis, rogorc gan-
sakuTrebuli arsebis, gaufasurebas iwvevs. amdenad, am
mimarTebiT dgas araerTi rTuli da saintereso prob-
lema. jer erTi, paradoqsulia mtkiceba, rom adamiani
imdenad absoluturi Rirebulebaa, rom mas konkretu-
li fasi ar aqvs. meorec, azrovnebis istoriaSi cnobili
gaxldaT principi, romlis Tanaxmad, adamiani TviTonaa
yvela RirebulebaTa sazomi da amitom relatur Rire-
bulebad ver CaiTvleba. magram debuleba, rom adamiani
35
a. boWoriSvili, filosofiuri anTrologiis Teoriuli
safuZvlebi, Tb., 1976, gv. 328.
36
А. Х. Саидов, О предмете антрпологии права, ,,Государство и право“,
2004, № 2.

264. 263
yvela RirebulebaTa sazomia, amkvidrebs relativizms
aqsiologiaSi (Rirebulebis TeoriaSi). adamiani goni-
Ti arsebaa, magram es debuleba mxolod imas ki ar niS-
navs, rom adamiani inteleqtualurad raimes Seignebs,
Seimecnebs. adamians, rogorc sworad aRniSnavda T. bua-
CiZe, esmis da awuxebs sindisis xma, romelic TavisTavis
gansjaa, aris iseTi instancia, romelic Cveni vitaluri
moTxovnilebebis miRmaa da `mimarTavs RirebulebaTa
samyaros. RirebulebaTa cnobierebis gareSe sakuTari
Tavis gansja, Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. swored Rireb-
ulebis Suqze vsjiT Cven Cvens Tavs, roca eTikuri pozi-
cia gvikavia.~37
amrigad, SeiZleba sworad mogveCvenos debuleba, rom
adamiani aris sazomi yvela nivTisa, rogorc es Tavis
droze Tqva sofistma protagoram. sinamdvileSi es de-
buleba, `gadatanili Rirebulebis sferoSi, safuZvels
aclis Rirebulebis obieqturobas, imis SesaZleblobas,
RirebulebiT debulebas hqondes sayovelTao xasiaTi.38
~ es debuleba ZalaSia ara marto maSin rodesac adamiani,
rogorc yvela nivTis sazomi, gagebulia, rogorc indi-
vidi, maSin rodesac aq igulisxmeba adamianis gvari sa-
zogadod.39
am poziciidan Rirebuleba mainc subieqturi
gamodis da amdenad adamiani Cveulebriv nivTebs Soris
ufro aRmatebuli Cans, magram aq adamiani mainc relati-
uri Rirebulebis sferoSi eqceva. Rirebulebis obieq-
turobis dasabuTebisTvis ki saWiroa imaze xazgama, rom
adamianma `Tavisi Tavi iazros ara yovelives centrSi,
anTropocentrulad, aramed rogorc erT-erTi sagani
sxva sagnebs Soris, anu obieqturad. arsebuli unda
37
T. buaCiZe, Rirebuleba da adamianis daniSnuleba, `adamiani,
individi, pirovneba~, Tb., 1987, gv. 36.
38
iqve, gv. 37
39
iqve, gv. 38.

265. 264
izomebodes ara adamianis masStabiT, aramed obieqturi
Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, rac imis garantias iZleva,
romobieqtma,rogorcarsebulma,SeinarCunosTavisTa-
vadoba da ar iyos subieqturobis daRis matarebeli.~40
amrigad, erTi mxriv, swori da martivi Cans mtkiceba,
rom adamiani yvela nivTis sazomia da amitom mas Tvi-
Ton fasi ar aqvs. am poziciidan adamiani TiTqos yidva-
gayidvis sferoSi ar eqceva, magram, meore mxriv, deb-
uleba, rom adamiani yvela nivTis sazomia, uSvebs imas,
rom Rirebuleba relatiuria, ese igi, izomeba subieq-
turad im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac am mimarTebiT igu-
lisxmeba adamianTa gvari da, maSin, piriqiT, adamianic
erT-erT Cveulebriv nivTad gadaiqceva da maSasadame,
yidva-gayidvis sferoSi eqceva. am winaaRmdegobidan is
gamosavali arsebobs, rom dasabuTdes obieqturi, ab-
solituri Rirebuleba, rogorc Sefasebisa da orien-
taciis idealuri safuZveli.41
amdenad, gasagebia, rom
Rirebuleba idealuria (magaliTad sikeTe, mSveniere-
ba, samarTlianoba, simamace da a.S.) da mas jerarsruli
buneba aqvs da igi `moTxovnis, valdebulebis saxiT ar-
sebobs da damoukideblad imisa, aris Tu ara sinamd-
vileSi ganxorcielebuli.~42
amrigad, Rirebuleba obieqturia, garkveuli azriT ab-
soluturic. rogorc sworad miuTiTebs g. SuSanaSvili,
`Tu RirebulebaTa samyaroSi ar aris absoluturi, maSin
iq yvelaferi relatiuria, es ki yvelafris gaufasure-
bas niSnavs. RirebulebaTa samyaroSi absoluturs uwo-
40
T. boWoriSvili, Rirebulebis obieqturoba da pirovnebis
problema, `adamiani, goni, Rirebuleba,~ Tb., 1991, gv. 31.
41
ix. v. qvaCaxia, S. nadiraSvili, d. beWvaia, v. WeliZe, Rireb-
uleba da ganwyoba, `siciologiuri narkvevebi,” 1969, gv. 46.
42
T. boWoriSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 41.

266. 265
deben upirobos. upirobo aris Rirebuleba, romelic
upiratesad mizania da ara mxolod saSualeba. amgvar
upirobos eZebda kanti, romelic pirovnebis Rirebule-
basTan SeCerda (pirovnebis `keTili neba~). ramdenad
daasabuTa kantma pirovnebis Rirebulebis upirateso-
ba, es sxva sakiTxia. magram kantis mcdeloba absolutu-
ri anu upirobo Rirebulebis dadgenisa aris sruliad
gamarTlebuli relativizmis safrTxisagan Rirebule-
baTa samyaros gadasarCenad.~43
amdenad arsen guligas
hqonda sruli safuZveli eTqva: `kanti iyo erT-erTi
pirveli moazrovne, vinc gamoacxada adamianis pirovne-
ba absolutur Rirebulebad rasobrivi, erovnuli da
wodebrivi kuTvnilebis miuxedavad.~44
kants mtkiced
swamda, rom sazogadoebrivi krizisis dros morali
da samarTali SeiZleba Seiryes, magram krizisi sxvaa,
norma ki sxva.45
imanuel kantis filosofia Taviseburad
Seafasa s. daneliam, romlis Tanaxmad, kantma adamiani
gaigo ara rogorc obieqti, aramed rogorc subieqti,
romelic bunebismetyveluri mizezobriobis principiT
ver aixsneba da ver gaigeba, `garda mizezis cnebisa, _
werda s. danelia, _ arsebobs kidev Rirebulebis cneba
da garda sagnis axsnisa (e.i. mizezis codnisa), aris kidev
Sefaseba (ese igi, sagnis Rirebulebis codna) an kri-
tika, romelic aranakleb saWiroa, vidre sagnis axsna.
axsniT ar amoiwureba mecniereba da mizezis garkveviT
an genezisis aRmoCeniT ar Tavdeba Semecnebis mTeli
saqme.~46
imanuel kantis cxovrebasa da filosofias vr-
celi gamokvleva miuZRvna akad. g. TevzaZem, romelmac
agreTve yuradReba miaqcia kantis damsaxurebas zneo-
43
g. SuSanaSvili, relativizmi aqsiologiaSi, `filosofiuri
Ziebani,~ Tb., 2009, gv. 430.
44
a. guliga, kanti, Tb., 1986, gv. 175-176.
45
iqve, gv. 174.
46
s. danelia, kantis cxovreba da filosofiuri moRvaweoba,
Tb., 1977, gv. 29.

267. 266
bis dafuZnebis saqmeSi.47
Cven kantis filosofiaze ase vrclad imitom SevCerdiT,
rom swored kantma gausva xazi adamianis pirovnebis ab-
solutur, upirobo Rirebulebas, rogorc upiratesad
TavisTavad mizans da arasodes mxolod saSualebas. am
debulebas trefikingis sferoSi gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vneloba aqvs, radgan iq, sadac adamianis raime sulmd-
abluri miznis saSualebad uyureben, cxadia, adamiani
Cveulebriv nivTTa samyaroSi eqceva, xolo am pozici-
idan adamianis eqspluatacia moralurad gamarTlebu-
li Cans. kantis filosofiis am mxares samarTlianad mi-
aqciayuradRebaagreTven.mSvenieraZem.misimtkicebiT,
kantis filosofiaSi (`zneobis metafizika~) adamiani,
rogorc pirovneba, aris moralur-praqtikuli gonebis
subieqti, yvela saxmar Rirebulebaze maRla mdgomi. es
imiT aixsneba, rom is warmoadgens ara mxolod saSuale-
bas sxvebis xelSi da sakuTari miznebisTvisac ki, aramed
igi Sefasebul unda iqnes, rogorc TavisTavadi mizani,
e.i. mas aqvs Rirseba (absoluturi Sinagani Rirebuleba),
risi meSveobiTac igi yvela sxva gonier arsebas aiZu-
lebs pativi sces mas da Semdeg: kantisaTvis moraluri
Rirseba gamomdinareobs gonieri arsebis Rirsebis ide-
idan, romelic araviTar kanons ar emorCileba, garda
imisa, romelsac TviTon uwesebs sakuTar Tavs~ da rom
es Rirseba, rogorc pirovnebis Sinagani Rirebuleba,
aris piroba imisa, rom is iyos mizani TavisTavad.48
bo-
los, mivaqcioT yuradReba im garemoebasac, rom kanti
sruliadac ar gamoricxavs admianis saSualebad gamoy-
enebis SesaZleblobasac. kerZod, adamiani TviTon qmnis
Tavis Tavs da esaa mTavari. `adamianis yvela sxva kargsa
47
g. TevzaZe, imanuel kanti, Tb., 1974, gv. 105-118.
48
n. mSvenieraZe, adamiani rogorc Semoqmedi, goniTi arseba
(filosofiuri anTropologia), Tb., 2005, gv. 43-43.

268. 267
da sasargeblo Tvisebas, _ wers kanti, _ aqvs Rireb-
uleba, roca SesaZlebelia gacvla sargeblobis momtan
sxva Tvisebebze. talants aqvs sabazro Rirebuleba,
radgan mTavrobas an miwaTmoqmeds SeuZlia sruliad
gamoiyenos aseTi adamiani, _ temperaments aqvs efeq-
turi Rirebuleba, vinaidan aseT adamianTan SesaZloa
drois sasiamovnod gatareba, is sasiamovno Tanamosau-
brea, magram xasiaTs aqvs Sinagani Rirebuleba, romelic
yovelgvar fasebze maRla dgas.~49
amrigad, gasagebia, rom adamianis Rirseba, rogorc
misi Sinagani Rirebuleba, aris TavisTavadi, upirobo
da absoluturi, romelic amave dros TviTmizansac
warmoadgens. am poziciidan adamianiT vaWrobis gama-
rTlebis mcdeloba azrovnebis istoriaSi iSviaTi ar
yofila. kerZod, monaTmflobelur ideologiaSi mona
srulyofil adamianad ar iTvleboda. es ideologia
saWiro iyo imisTvis, rom gaemarTlebinaT monis sas-
tiki eqspluatacia, rom TiTqos igi aris sxvisi kerZo
sakuTrebaSi myofi nivTi. 5050
sainteresoa, rom monobis
cneba amnairad esmoda hegelsac. misi mtkicebiT, monas
jer kidev ara aqvs Segnebuli piradi Tavisufleba da
amitom iqamde qveiTdeba, rom mas epyrobodnen, rogorc
nivTs, rogorc iseT rames, romelsac ara aqvs fasi. 5151
magram hegeli arc monaTmflobels indobda da savse-
biT sworad aRniSnavda, rom `monis pirispir mdgomi ba-
toni jer kidev WeSmaritad Tavisufali ar iyo, radgan
igi srulebiTac ver Wvretda monaSi Tavis Tavs. maSasa-
dame, batonic savsebiT Tavisufali mxolod maSin xdeba,
roca Tavisufali xdeba monac.~52
49
Кант, Сочинения, т. 6, М., 1966, стр. 541.
50
m. aleqsiSvioli, dasax. naSromi, gv. 7
51
hegeli, istoriis filosofia, t.V111, 1935.
52
hegeli, gonis filosofia, Tb., 1984, gv. 214.

269. 268
rogorc Cans, monaTmflobelis araTavisuflebis erT-
erTi niSani isaa, rom igi monaSi Tavis Tavs anu adamians
ver xedavs. samwuxarod, am winaaRmdegobas ver gadaurCa
iseTi didi filosofosi, rogoric iyo aristotele.
rogorc sworad miuTiTebs prof. m. aleqsiSvili, `sa-
muSao iaraRebsa da cxovelebTan gaTanabrebuli es
monebi iseve emorCilebian yidva-gayidvis wess, rogorc
saqoneli an cxoveli.~ ufro metic, aris cnobebi, rom
mona zogjer cxovelebze ufro dabal fasad iyidebo-
da.53
aq gadamwyveti iyo monaTmflobelTa ideologia,
`romelsac Tavis rigebSi hyavda antikuri kulturis
mTeli naRebi sazogadoeba aristoteles CaTvliT. mo-
nis, rogorc nakluli adamianis, damcireba ubralod
Seicavda safrTxes adamianis damcirebisaTvis. ufro
metic, iyo cdebi, rom adamiani warmoedginaT, rogorc
yvelaze ufro boroti arseba. ubedureba isic gaxldaT,
rom Sroma, romelic adamianis Rirseuli arsebobis wy-
aroa, monaTflobelur ideologiaSi adamianis Rirsebis
damamcireblad iTvleboda. aristotele magaliTad,
moqalaqeobasac ki ar aZlevda im pirs, vinc fizikur
Sromas eweoda.54
maSasadame, savsebiT swori Cans prof. b.
xaraziSvilis debuleba, rom danaSaulebaTa konkretu-
li mizezi aris Sromisadmi, adamianebisadmi antisazoga-
doebrivi damokidebuleba. marTalia, zogierT gamon-
aklis SemTxvevaSi mona (an yofili mona) miwaTmflo-
belebs TavianTi Svilebis maswavleblebad (e.w. grama-
tikosebad) hyavdaT, magram, rogorc wesi, mona sastiki
eqspluataciis (maT Soris sqesobriv sferoSi) obieqti
iyo. romael imperatorTa sasaxle garyvnilebis bude
iyo, rac maTi znedacemulobis utyuar niSnad gamoiy-
ureba.
53
m. aleqsiSvilis dasax. naSromi, gv. 12
54
iqve, gv.164.

270. 269
amrigad, monaTmflobeluri ideologia monobis ara
marto gamarTlebas cdilobda, aramed amarTlebda mo-
nis usastikes eqspluatacias, maT Soris mogebis momtan,
sqesobrivi eqspluataciis gziT, ubralo garTbobis
mizniT, e.w. gladiatorTa mokvdinebis amazrzenad max-
inji fantaziis meSveobiT da rigi sxva ubedurebiT,
romelic adamianis, rogorc gansakuTrebulad maRali,
upirobo Rirebulebebis ver gagebis Sedegic gaxldaT.
isic cnobilia, rom berZnuli filosofia upiratesad
kosmologiuri iyo da adamianis problema sofiste-
bamde da sokratemde sagangebod arc dasmula. rogorc
marTebulad miuTiTebs prof: m. WeliZe, aristotele,
magaliTad, monisa da batonis urTierTobas umaRles
kosmiur saxesac uZebnida.55
amrigad, monaTmflobeluri ideologia, rogorc wesi,
monobis, monis, usastikesi eqspluatacis gamarTle-
bas cdilobda da amiT arsebiT winaaRmdegobaSi iyo
adamianis, rogorc goniTi arsebis, cnebasTan. hegeli,
garkveuli azriT, sworad aRniSnavda, rom monaTmflo-
beli monaSi Tavis Tavs ver Wvretda da amdenad Tavisu-
fali ar iyo.
samwuxarod, am mxriv ukeTesi mdgomareoba arc
feodalur epoqaSi iyo, miT ufro e.w. `tyveTa syidvis~
qarTuli tragediis fonze. adamiani aqac xdeba yidva-
gayidvisa da sxva saSineli eqspluataciis obieqti. cx-
adia, `tyveTa syidvis~ amoraluroba da misi saZraxi
xasiaTi maSinac kargad hqondaT Segnebuli. qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis dacemisa da dakninebis gamo iZa-
la iran-osmaleTis agresiam am samarcxvino saqmeSic. a.
55
m. WeliZe, filosofiis istoriis mecnierebis saTaveebTan
(platoni, aristotele), Tb., 1982, gv. 90.
56
a. kilasonias dasax. naSromi, gv. 7.

271. 270
kilasonia miuTiTebs, rom `TurqeTis istoriis funda-
mentur gamocemebSi aRniSnuli sakiTxi (ese igi, `tyveTa
syidva~ _ g.n.) saerTod araa naxsenebi. avtori am faqts
Turqi mkvlevarebis tendenciurobiT xsnis. cxadia,
arc umagisobaa, magram vfiqrobT, aq gadamwyveti mainc
`tyveTa syidvis~ saZraxisi xasiaTia. garda amisa, `tyve
socialurad umdables safexurze mdgomi adamiania, is
CamonaTvalSi Zroxisa da cxvris Semdeg aris dasaxele-
buli, rac pirdapir miuTiTebs mis monur da sruliad
uuflebo mdgomareobaze.~56
aq kidev erTxel gavime-
orebT, rom termini `trefikingi~ Tavisi arsiT dRemde
ucvlelia da amdenad dRemde qmnis adamianis ara marto
zneobrivi saxis problemas, aramed adamianis problemas
sazogadod. am mxriv sainteresod gveCveneba feodalur
saqarTveloSi myofi kaTolike misionerebis galaSqre-
ba `tyveTa syidvis~ winaaRmdeg. maT CanawerebSi vkiTxu-
lobT mosazrebas, rom RmerTma adamiani gaaCina Tavisu-
fali da maTi yidva-gayidva RvTis nebis winaaRmdeg moq-
medeba iyo, isini aRSfoTebas ver malavdnen imis gamoc,
rom qarTvel qristianebs musulmanebze hyididnen. aq
bunebiTi samarTlis ideebic iyo moSveliebuli, magram
samwuxarod, amgvari Segoneba saqmis viTarebas ar cvli-
da da es samarcxvino saqme mainc grZeldeboda.
Seicvala Tu ara am mxriv, viTareba kapitalizmis dros?
samwuxarod, marqsistebs garkveuli safuZveli hqon-
daT imis mtkicebisa, rom socializmamdeli yvela kla-
sobrivi sazogadoeba eqspluatatoruli iyo. amis erT-
erT sabuTad mohqondaT adamianis gaucxoebis cneba
da problema. kerZod, roca adamians garkveuli isto-
riuli pirobebis gamo ar aqvs saSualeba icxovros Ta-
visi fundamenturi arsobrivi SesaZleblobis mixed-
viT, roca adamianis moRvaweobis Sedegebi mimarTulia
56
a. kilasonias dasax. naSromi, gv. 43.

272. 271
TviT adamianis gvareobiTi arsebis winaaRmdeg da rom
es gaucxoeba mJRavndeboda kacobriobis ganviTarebis
mTel manZilze, magram is ufro reliefurad gamovlin-
da kapitalizmis wiaRSi arsebuli Sromis danawilebis
kvalobaze. adamians sakuTari moRvaweobis Sedegebi
daupirispirda. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis mSromel ada-
mianze. `aseT sazogadoebaSi kulturul RirebulebaTa
mTeli mravalferovneba da simdidre mSromeli adamia-
nis sulier-goniTi Zalebis gamofitvisa da degrada-
ciis xarjze xorcieldeba.~57
muSas kapitalisti uwevs
eqspluatacias ise, rom igi faqtobrivad hyidis Tavis
samuSao Zalas da amdenad trefikingis SesaZleblobisa-
gan arc kapitalizmia dazRveuli. amas dRevandelobac
adasturebs. magram, meore mxriv, sakiTxavia, marTla
Tavisufali iyo Tu ara socializmi adamianis mier ada-
mianis eqspluataciisgan. am kiTxvaze pirdapiri pasuxi
Znelia, radgan socializmis dros adamianis yidva-gay-
idva, am cnebebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi gagebiT,
marTlac ar xdeboda. Tumca saqme is gaxldaT, rom so-
cializmis dros TviT saxelmwifo axorcielebda ada-
mianTa SromiT eqspluatacias. sruliad araadekvaturi
gaxldaT anazRaureba im Sromisa, romelsac sabWoTa
adamianebi eweodnen. Tu imasac vityviT, rom aTaso-
biT represirebuli adamiani sastik iZulebiT Sromas
eweoda, maSin gasagebia, rom socializmis dros adami-
ani iyo `komunizmis mSeneblobis~ usaxuri saSualeba da
araferi sxva.
gamodis, rom adamians saSveli arc erT epoqaSi ar adga.
amitom dgas adamianis arsebobis sazrisis Tu Rireb-
ulebis problema. risTvis arsebobs adamiani? raa misi
57
a. baqraZe, adamianis gvareobiTi arsisa da idealis prob-
lema, `filosofiuri anTropologiis sakiTxebi,~ t.V., Tb.,
1983, gv. 62-63.

273. 272
daniSnuleba? aris Tu ara adamianis sicocxle umaR-
lesi, upirobo Rirebuleba? Aes kiTxva filosofiaSi
araerTgzis dasmula, magram gansakuTrebiT saintere-
soa,rocaamgvarsakiTxsarafilosofosidasvams,Tanac
is pirovneba, romelic, rogorc Cans, organizebuli da-
naSauliTa da terorizmiTaa Sewuxebuli. mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs rusi iuristi v. luneevi, romelic sakmao faqto-
brivi monacemebis safuZvelze akeTebs ganmazogadebel
daskvnas, rom organizebuli danaSauli da terorizmi
awuxebs ara marto Tanamedrove ruseTs, aramed araerT
mowinave, ganviTarebul saxelmwifos, maT Soris ameri-
kis SeerTebul Statebsac. Aavtori yovelgvari mikibv-
mokibvis gareSe aSiSvlebs organizebuli danaSaulis
fsiqologiur mxares, mis motivebs da midis daskv-
namde, rom yovelive am Wapanwyvetas angarebiT gaxeleba
warmarTavs. Mmisi daskvniT, warmaTveli kriminaluri
motivacia pragmatistulia, utilitaruli da primiti-
ulia: – angareba an sxva piradi daintereseba. is bibli-
uri droidan aRar Secvlila, mxolod ufro gaZlierda
sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa aramarto ekonomikur
da politikur, aramed zneobriv da SemoqmedebiT sfer-
oSic ki, `angarebianobis~ procesi grZeldeba. kacobri-
obis imedi, rom ekonomikur ganviTarebaze damyarebuli
progresi zneobis zogad Semsubuqebas gamoiwvevs, ar
gamarTlda.58
amrigad, `imis miuxedavad, rom es statia 2002 wels gamo-
qveynda, msoflios wamyvan saxelmwifoebSi am mimarTe-
biT dRemde Aaraferi Secvlila sasikeTod. didi imedi,
rom sazogadoebis ekonomikuri ganviTareba adamianTa
zneobis gajansaRebas gamoiwvevs, arc dRes marTl-
deba. samwuxarod, amgvar pesimistur daskvnas adamia-
58
В.В. Лунеев, Организованная преступность, уголовный тероризм в усло-
виях глобализации, `Социологические исследования,~ 2002, № 5, стр. 11.

274. 273
nis zneobriv cdomilebaTa Sesaxeb mxolod v. luneevi
rodi akeTebs. es sakiTxi dRemde Tavsatexia radgan, mas
araerTi paradoqsuli daskvna ukavSirdeba. cxadia, or-
ganizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mosaxleo-
bis ekonomikuri siduxWire efeqturi ver iqneba, Tum-
ca, raoden paradoqsulic ar unda iyos, ekonomikurad
CamorCenil qveynebSi moTxovnilebac SezRudulia, da
maSasadame, xalxs ase vTqvaT, cotac hyofnis da amitom
am sazogadoebaSi Aadamiani kriminalur gzas naklebad
adgas. ekonomikurad ganviTarebul saxelmwifoebSi ki,
moTxovnilebac didi da mzardia, ris gamoc kriminalic
xSiria, Tu saxelmwifom Tavis YTavze ar aiRo kriminal-
Tan kanonieri brZolis pasuxismgebloba. amasTan sax-
elmwifo kriminals ara mxolod politikurad da samar-
Tlebrivad unda daupirispirdes, aramed ideologiu-
radac, adamianis cxovrebis sazrisisa da yofierebis
problemebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT, saxelmwifosa
da mis safuZvelSi nagulisxmevi sazogadoebis winaSe
mdgari miznebisa da amocanebis gadaWraze orientaci-
iT. Aam poziciidan gasagebia, rom adamianis winaSe mdgar
anTropologiur problemebs didi profilaqtikuri
mniSvneloba aqvs. magaliTad, aris Tu ara adamianis si-
cocxle umaRlesi Rirebuleba? saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
dacvis upirvelsi obieqtia adamianis sicocxle, magram
ara rogorc biologiuri movlena, aramed, garkveuli
normatiuli urTierTobis obieqti.
am mxriv friad sainteresoa d. uznaZis anTropologi-
uri koncefcia, romelsac amjerad mokled gadmovcemT.
avtoris azriT, adamianis sicocxle rom umaRlesi,
upirobo Rirebuleba iyos, maSin adamianis yovelgvari
sikvdili udidesi boroteba iqneboda. cxadia, Cveu-
lebriv pirobebSi mkvleloba, misi Cadenis garemoebaTa

275. 274
mixedviT, dasjadi qmedebaa. magram rogorc avtori am-
bobs, `iwyeba omi... da Cveni azri da grZnoba Zirfesvi-
anad icvleba~ da rom Cveulebriv dros gaWedili Rire-
bulebaTa mwyobri sistema erTbaSad niavdeba; sindisi
Zirfesvianad iryeva da mtris sikvdili sasiqadulo da
sanatrel ambad epkureba Cvens smenas. `Tu mSvidobi-
anobis dros erTi kacis mkvlelobac udidesi borote-
ba iyo, omis viTarebaSi aTasi kacis sisxlSi amobanili
xeli gmirisa da keTilismyofelis xelad gveCveneba.~59
radgan omis dros mtris mokvdineba ufro raindobad
migvaCnia, vidre danaSaulad, _ Cveni bunebrivi rwmena
gveubneba, rom `kerZo adamianis sicocxle ar warmoad-
gens udides Rirebulebas, rom Cveni daniSnuleba Tvi-
Ton sicoxlesa da, maSasadame, mis gafarToebasa da gaR-
rmavebaSi rodi unda veZioT, aramed piriqiT, sicocxle
mxolod saSualebaa, romlis meoxebiTac xorcield-
eba is umaRlesi daniSnuleba, adamianis arsebobas rom
udevs sarCulad.~60
avtori askvnis, rom `sikvdili da si-
cocxle am daniSnulebisaTvis sul erTia, rom zogjer
igi sikvdils moiTxovs, zogjer sicocxles, rac imas
adasturebs rom Cveni arsebobis azri Cvenive sicocx-
lis miRma da maRla dgas.`
rogorc Cans, sakiTxi aqac mizan-saSualebis WrilSi
dgas. sicocxle, garkveuli aspeqtiT, saSualebaa adami-
anis Rirseuli arsebobisa. miT umetes, rom Cven, qarTve-
lebs, didi xnis winaT gvianderZes: `sjobs sicocxle-
sa naZraxsa, sikvdili saxelovani~. magram sicocxle
filosofiaSi mxolod aRniSnuli azriT ar ganixileba.
arsebobs sicocxlis filosofia, romelic sxva arafe-
ria, Tu ara sicocxlis mier Tavisi Tavis gageba herme-
nevtikis poziciebidan. T. buaCiZe eTanxmeba vilhelm
59
d. uznaZe, filosofiuri Sromebi, Tb., 1984, gv. 275.
60
iqve, gv. 276.

276. 275
dilTais im debulebas, rom adamianis adamianuri buneba
arsebobas iwyebs mxolod maSin, roca is istoriis gzaze
gamoisaxeba da rom `istoria xorcSesxmuli adamianis
bunebaa.~61
miT ufro, rom dilTais filosofia gagebis,
anu, hermenevtikul meTods warmoadgens ise, rom fi-
losofia sicocxlis mier sakuTari Tavis wvdomaa.62
amrigad, Cven, Tumca mokled, magram mainc ganvixileT
adamianis istoriuli yofierebis zogierTi aspeqti
trefikingis, rogorc adamianis mier adamianis yid-
va-gayidvis, SromiTi Tu seqsualuri eqspluataciis
poziciebidan da es danaSaulebrivi qmedeba adamianis
Rirsebas dRemde akninebs, ufro im adamianisa, romelic
am qmedebas sCadis. rogor axerxebs adamiani am saza-
reli danaSaulis Cadenas sindisis saTanado qenjnis
gareSe? am kiTxvaze saintereso pasuxs iZleva prof. z.
kakabaZe e.w. TviTmotyuebis fenomenis dasabuTebiT.
kerZod, adamiani midrekilia TviTmotyuebisaken da es
adamianis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli sisustea da rom
is adamianSi boroti sawyisis ZiriTadi iaraRia. so-
cialur sferoSi ki igi reaqciuli klasis yalbi ideo-
logia da am klasis danaSaulebrivi miznebis iaraRia.6364
TviTmotyueba niSnavs adamianis mier Tavisi sindisis
neitralizacias, mis motyuebas, saZraxisi saqme, piriq-
iT, TiTqos gamarTlebulia. Tavis momtyueblebs ki,
mxileba Zalian ar uyvarT. mamxilebeli filmebis may-
urebelTa Soris SeiZleba aRmoCndes romelime sute-
niori, romelic aRSfoTebas gamoTqvams am mamxilebeli
filmebis mimarT: naxeT, cils gvwameben, gana Cven aseTi
cudebi varTo? aseve ar unda gagvikvirdes, Tu es sute-
niori presis furclebze Tavis aRmaSfoTebel werils
61
T. buaCiZe, sicocxlis filosofia, Tb., 1971, gv. 57.
62
iqve, gv. 68.
63
z. kakabaZe, adamiani, rogorc filosofiuri problema, Tb.,
1987, gv. 18.

277. 276
gamoaqveynebs da romis papTan erTad moiTxovs amgvari
`cilismwamebluri~ xelovnebis akrZalvas (iqve, gv 18).
avtori werda: `sindisi, yovelives miuxedavad, yovel
CvenganSia da gardauvalad moiTxovs obieqturad Ri-
rebul, e.i. keTil saqciels. Tu sindisi ar motyuvda, ar
dabrmavda yalbi SuqiT, mas ZaluZs CaSalos nebismieri
danaSaulebrivi saqme. danaSaulis CadenisaTvis adami-
ani raRac zomiT yovelTvis saWiroebs sakuTari sin-
disis neitralizacias Tavis motyuebis saSualebiT. es
motyueba vizaa danaSaulis samyaroSi Sesasvlelad.~6465
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom TviTmotyueba SeiZleba iyos,
rogorc reaqciuli, yalbi ideologiis wyaro, ise in-
dividualuri danaSaulebrivi qmedebis yalbad gama-
rTlebis safuZveli. es, cxadia, pirdapir exeba trefik-
ingsac. miT ufro, rom avtori laparakobs suteniorze,
romelic usindisod da farisevlurad imarTlebs Tavs,
TiTqos is saZraxiss arafers akeTebs. esaa danaSaulis,
maT Soris, trefikingis, gamarTlebis amao mcdelo-
ba, radgan danaSaulis gamarTleba SeuZlebelia. miT
ufro, rom trefikingi ganzraxi danaSaulia, xolo, amg-
vari danaSauli aris adamianis iseTi Secdoma, romelic
filosofiurad fasdeba, rogorc msoflmxedvelobri-
vi cdomileba.65
cxadia,problemaammxrivacSemdgomgaRrmavebasmoiTx-
ovs.
64
z. kakabaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 19.
65
g. naWyebia, ganzraxi danaSauli rogorc filosofiuri
cdomileba, `filosofiuri Ziebani,“ t. X1, 2007, gv. 129-142.

278. 277
Tavi IITavi II
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi daxasiaTeba da sasamarTlo praq-
tikis analizi
nona Todua
samarTlis doqtori
§ 1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi daxasiaTeba
XX saukunis bolos msoflios kriminalur bizness (iara-
RiT da narkotikiT vaWrobis gverdiT) daemata axali
saxe – adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi).
tyveTa syidvis saxelwodebiT cnobili es danaSauli,
gavrcelebuli iyo XIV- XVIII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi
da mas ZiriTadad muslimuri qveynebis warmomadgenle-
bi sCadiodnen qarTvel didgvarovanTa daxmarebiT.
amdenad, warsulSi ukve miviwyebulma danaSaulma gasul
saukuneSi axali ZaliT ifeTqa da igi msoflio krimi-
nalur biznesSi, masStabis TvalsazrisiT, meore, mesame
adgils ikavebs.
adamianiT vaWrobis cneba sxvadasxvagvaradaa ganmarte-
buli rogorc doqtrinaSi, ise saerTaSoriso konven-
ciebSi (transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis
winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi – adami-
anebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikin-
gis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb – me-3
muxli; 2005 wlis maisis evrosabWos konvenciis – ada-
mianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis

279. 278
Sesaxeb – I Tavis me-4 muxli), magram unda iTqvas, rom am
ganmartebaTa ZiriTadi arsi erTia da igi moicavs:
a) saTanado qmedebebs; b) maTi ganxorcielebis xerxsa
(obieqturi Semadgenloba) da mizans (eqspluatacias).
monobiswinaaRmdeggaeroskonvenciismixedviT,saxelm-
wifoebi iyofian sam jgufad:
1. mimwodebeli qveyana – romlis teritoriidanac
gahyavT mudmivad macxovrebeli adamianebi (e.i. eqs-
pluataciis msxverplni);
2. tranzituli qveyana – romlis teritoriis gavliT
xdeba msxverplTa gadayvana;
3. daniSnulebis qveyana – esaa bolo saxelmwifo, rom-
lis teritoriazec xdeba adamianiT vaWrobis msx-
verplTa sxvadasxva saxiT eqspluatacia.
aqedan saqarTvelo ZiriTadad miekuTvneba tranzituli
qveynebis jgufs.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 1431
-e muxli swored zemoTxsen-
ebul konvenciaTa mier mocemul cnebazea agebuli. ker-
Zod, igi Camoyalibebulia Semdegnairad: adamianis yidva
an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxor-
cieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZulebis sxva
formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyue-
biT, umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis borotad
gamoyenebiT, sazRauris an sargeblis micemis an miRebis
gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRebad, romelsac sxva pirze
zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gadabireba, gad-
ayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadace-
ma, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.
gansaxilveli norma moicavs aseve sxvadasxva damamZ-
imebel garemoebas, razec qvemoT iqneba saubari.

280. 279
am danaSaulisagan sisxlis samarTlis dacvis obieqtia
saqarTvelos konstituciiT da saerTaSoriso aqtebiT
aRiarebuli adamianis piradi ufleba da Tavisufleba:
qveynis mTel teritoriaze Tavisufali gadaadgilebis
ufleba, sacxovrebeli adgilisa da saqmianobis sferos
Tavisufali arCevis ufleba, misi pativi da Rirseba.
fakultaturi obieqtia adamianis sicocxle da janm-
rTeloba, romelsac SeiZleba Seeqmnas safrTxe.
danaSaulis msxverpli aucileblad aris srulwlo-
vani. Cvenma kanonmdebelma pasuxismgebloba arasrulw-
lovniT vaWrobisaTvis gaiTvaliswina sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis calke muxlSi.
danaSaulis amsrulebelia sisxlissamarTlebriv asaks
miRweuli, Seracxadi piri (saerTo subieqti). special-
uri subieqti gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis mxolod
damamZimebel garemoebaSi (meore nawilis `g~ qvepunqti
– samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT).
danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba SeiZleba daiyos
Semdegnairad:
a) qmedebebi; b) misi ganxorcielebis xerxebi.
Eadamianis mimarT ganxorcielebuli es qmedebebia:
1. yidva;
2. gayidva;
3. sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba;
4. gadabireba;
5. gadayvana;
6. gadamalva;
7. daqiraveba;
8. transportireba;
9. gadacema;
10. Sefareba;

281. 280
11. miReba (eqspluataciis mizniT).
am qmedebaTa umravlesobis ganxorcielebis xerxebia:
1. muqara - (igulisxmeba cemis, janmrTelobis msubuqi
an naklebad mZime dazianebis, motacebis, wamebis da
sxva Zaladobis muqara, oRond igi ar unda iyos sa-
SiSi sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis – rac gaT-
valiswinebulia ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-3 nawilis `d~
qvepunqtiT);
2. Zaladoba - (igulisxmeba cema, janmrTelobis msub-
uqi an naklebad mZime dazianeba, wameba, gaTokva da
sxva);
3. iZulebis sxva formis gamoyeneba - (sistematuri
damcireba da abuCad agdeba, raTa piri iZulebuli
gaxdes, daemorCilos damnaSaves);
4. motaceba - (piris iZulebiTi gadaadgileba sxva adg-
ilas);
5. SantaJi - (saxelis gamtexi an danaSaulSi mamxile-
beli cnobis gavrcelebis muqara);
6. TaRliToba (damnaSave motyuebiT eufleba msxver-
plis nivTs da Semdeg am nivTis dabrunebis sababiT
abams mas eqspluataciaSi);
7. motyueba - (msxverplis SecdomaSi Seyvana sxvadasxva
cru dapirebiT. magaliTad, rom moawyobs samuSaoze.
sinamdvileSi ki mihyavs eqspluataciaSi Casab-
melad);
8. umweo mdgomareobis gamoyeneba - (am SemTxvevaSi um-
weo mdgomareobaSi myofi am danaSaulis amsrulebe-
lia da ara msxverpli. aq igulisxmeba mxolod fizi-
kuri (da ara fsiqikuri) umweoba, roca piri iyenebs
Tavis umweobas imisaTvis, rom daarwmunos misi axlo
naTesavi eqspluataciaSi Cabmis aucileblobaSi;
9. Zalauflebis borotad gamoyeneba – masSi ver vigu-

282. 281
lisxmebT samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebas
(am muxlis me-2 nawili), verc saojaxo, pedagogiur
an materialur damokidebulebas (am muxlis me-2
nawili). am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba mxolod krimi-
naluri Zalauflebis gamoyeneba adamianiT vaWro-
bisaTvis;
10. sazRauris an sargeblis micema im pirze, visac sxva
pirze (anu eqspluataciis potenciur msxverplze)
zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia;
11. sazRauris an sargeblis miReba im piris Tanxmobis
misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze (eqspluataciis po-
tenciur msxverplze) zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia.
aSkaraa, rom am bolo or SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis xerxia
mosyidva, magram xdeba ara Tavad msxverplis, aramed im
pirTa mosyidva, visac msxverplze SeuZlia zegavlenis
moxdena sxvadasxva saSualebis (magaliTad, muqaris)
gamoyenebiT.
CamoTvlili xerxebis gamoyeneba araa damaxasiaTebeli
adamianis yidva-gayidvisa da mis mimarT sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. Aaseve igi ar axasiaTebs
adamianis miRebas eqspluataciis mizniT. sxva qmedebe-
bis ganxorcilebisas ki (magaliTad, gadabirebis, gad-
ayvanis, gadamalvis da a.S.), aucilebelia, erT-erTi am
xerxis gamoyeneba.
rogorc vxedavT, saxezea erTiani danaSauli alter-
natiuli qmedebebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom danaSaulis
damTavrebulad cnobisaTvis sakmarisia erT-erTi maT-
ganis Cadena (magaliTad, yidvis). amasTanave, roca sax-
ezea Sesabamisi xerxiT ganxorcielebuli ramdenime
qmedeba, romelic Cadenilia erTiani ganzraxviT (magal-
iTad, damnaSavem iyida msxverpli, Semdeg gadaibira da

283. 282
gadaiyvana igi muqariT da mihyida eqspluatators),
qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ara danaSaulTa erToblio-
biT, aramed rogorc erTi danaSauli (ssk-is 1431
-e mux-
lis Sesabamisi nawiliT).
sanam detalurad ganvixilavdeT ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis
obieqtur da subieqtur Semadgenlobas, unda SevniS-
noT, rom adamianiT vaWroba, rogorc wesi, gaivlis ram-
denime stadias:
1. msxverplis gamoZebna da Tavmoyra;
2. misi gadaadgileba (rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise
saxelmwifo sazRvarze tranzitiT gadayvana);
3. misi miReba eqspluataciis mizniT;
4. misi eqspluatacia.
undaaRiniSnos,rommsxverplisgamoZebna(misigamovle-
na), win uZRvis am danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis
ganxorcielebas. damnaSaveebi winaswar swavloben po-
tenciuri msxverplis pirovnebas (mis garegnobas, mor-
alur, inteleqtualur da fizikur SesaZleblobebs),
aseve mis axlobelTa wres, raTa Seityon, ramdenad sa-
riskoa am piris eqspluataciaSi Cabma. Ees winare qmedebe-
bi, romlis mizania msxverplis gamoZebna, ar Sedis ssk-
is 1431
-e muxlis obieqtur SemadgenlobaSi. igi mxolod
danaSaulis momzadebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, isic sa-
Tanado pirobebis arsebobisas.
magaliTad, a-m Seqmna turistuli firma viTom sazRvar-
gareT samuSaod wamsvlelTa momsaxurebisaTvis. sinamd-
vileSi ki iq misuli moqalaqeebisagan saguldagulod
arCevs eqspluataciis potenciur msxverplT, raTa mo-
mavalSi sxvadasxva xerxiT moaxdinos maTi gadabireba,
gadayvana eqspluataciaSi Casabmelad.

284. 283
potenciur msxverplTa mZebneli da Semkrebi, rogorc
wesi, Tavad ar axdens maT eqspluatacias, aramed msxver-
pls gadascems sxvas, imas, vinc miiRebs mas eqspluataci-
isaTvis.
potenciur msxverplTa amgvari SerCeva (maT gadabire-
bamde) unda CaiTvalos adamianiT vaWrobis momzadebad
– ssk-is 18, 1431
-e muxli (Tu ra Tqma unda, es yvelaferi
dadasturdeba Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebiT).
rac Seexeba msxverplis eqspluatacias, misi realurad
ganxorcieleba araa adamianiT vaWrobis obieqturi Se-
madgenlobis alternatiul-savaldebulo niSani. Aam-
denad, igi araa aRwerili gansaxilveli muxlis Semad-
genlobaSi da danaSauli eqspluataciis praqtikulad
ganxorcielebamdec damTavrebulia. Tumca saqme isaa,
rom eqspluataciis realurad ganxorcielebis SemTx-
vevaSi qmedebis damatebiTi kvalifikacia danaSaulTa
erTobliobiT, rogorc wesi, saWiro araa (garda im
SemTxvevisa, roca msxverpli Cabmulia danaSaulebriv
qmedebaSi).
amdenad, adamianis eqspluataciis realurad ganxor-
cieleba araa aRwerili ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi, magram igi
masSi, rogorc wesi, igulisxmeba.
adamianis yidva-gayidva _ igi SesaZlebelia ganxor-
cieldes im pirisTvis fulis gadaxdiT, visac faqto-
brivad SeuZlia msxverplis myidvelisTvis gadacema.
msxverplis myidvelisTvis gadacema ki SeuZlia gayidu-
lis mSobels, meuRles, sxva kanonier warmomadgenels an
nebismier sxvas, vinc adamiani motyuebiT an ZaladobiT
miuyvana myidvels.

285. 284
adamianis yidva aseve SeiZleba misi sxva nivTSi gacvliT,
valSi CaTvliT. igive iTqmis adamianis gayidvaze, rad-
gan yidva-gayidva urTierTganpirobebuli qmedebebia:
isini erTmaneTis gareSe ar arseboben.
vinaidan adamianis yidva-gayidva yovelTvis ukanonod
xdeba, amitom gansaxilvel muxlSi araa miTiTeba am
qmedebis ukanonobaze, radgan igi isedac igulisxmeba.
Tumca es qmedeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes marTlwi-
naaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebebSi. magaliTad,
adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplis yidva im mizniT, rom igi
daubrunon Tavis ojaxs, gamoricxavs am qmedebis mar-
TlwinaaRmdegobas.
adamianis yidvis Semdeg, rogorc wesi, gayiduli piri gad-
adis myidvelis uvado `mflobelobaSi~. Tumca araa gamor-
icxuli, gamyidveli da myidveli SeTanxmdnen garkveul
vadazec (magaliTad, msxverplis gayidva im vadiT, rac
dafiqsirebulia sazRvargareT misi yofnis vizaSi).
aqve adamianis yidva-gayidva unda gavmijnoT iseTi
kanonieri garigebisagan, roca mxareebs Soris dadebu-
li xelSekrulebis (kontraqtis) safuZvelze adamiani
garkveuli anazRaurebis sanacvlod kisrulobs valde-
bulebas, iTanamSromlos vTqvaT, romelime safexburTo
gundTan garkveuli vadiT an uvadod. sportSi xSiria
SemTxveva, roca cnobili sportsmeni gadadis erTi gun-
didan meoreSi, radgan mas iq met anazRaurebas da ukeTes
pirobebs sTavazoben. aseTi garigeba kanonieria da mas
araviTari saerTo ar aqvs adamianis yidva-gayidvasTan
(Tumca aseT SemTxvevaSi xSirad saubroben imaze, rom
TiTqos es sportsmeni `iyida~ ama da am gundma).
adamianis yidvis dros ki msxverpli ise gadadis myidve-

286. 285
lis mflobelobaSi, rom es garigeba arsad araa dafiq-
sirebuli (igi verc dafiqsirdeba, radgan ukanonoa).
aqedan gamomdinare, myidvels SeuZlia moeqces mas ise,
rogorc moesurveba. amasTanave, gayiduli adamianis
faqtobrivi sacxovrebeli adgili oficialurad ar-
sad araa dafiqsirebuli, igi gamqralia samarTlebrivi
sivrcidan (arc cocxlebSia da arc gardacvlilebSi).
Tu adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpli misi eqspluatacii-
sas gardaicvala, an mokles, misi gardacvalebis faqto-
brivi adgili ar iqneba dafiqsirebuli, radgan es Sei-
Zleba gaxdes samxili damnaSaveebisaTvis. ufro metic,
SesaZlebelia, misi gardacvalebis ara marto adgili,
aramed faqtic ki daufiqsirebeli gaxdes da Seiqmnes vi-
Tareba, roca piri gardacvlilia, magram es faqti araa
registrirebuli.
adamianis yidva-gayidvisas araa aucilebeli iseTi xerx-
ebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa muqara, motyueba, Zaladoba
da sxva. yidva-gayidva SeiZleba moxdes TviT msxverpl-
Tan SeTanxmebiT da es ar gamoricxavs qmedebis marTl-
winaaRmdegobas, radgan Tavad es garigebaa ukanono. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom msxverplis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSic
`sazRauri~ gadaecema ara mas (msxverpls), aramed me-
same pirs (magaliTad, mis meuRles). Tu aseTi sazRauri
(fuli) gadaeca Tavad msxverpls, raTa miRweul iqnes
misi Tanxmoba eqspluataciaSi Cabmaze, aseTi garigeba
ar CaiTvleba adamianis yidva-gayidvad. aseTi garigeba
unda CaiTvalos adamianis gadabirebad, romlis xerxad
gamoyenebulia mosyidva. mosyidva ki, rogorc danaSau-
lis xerxi, igulisxmeba arasrulwlovniT vaWrobisas
(ssk-is 1432
-e muxlis 1-li nawili), magram aseTi xerxi
araa mocemuli adamianiT vaWrobis (ssk-is 1431
-e muxli)
SemadgenlobaSi.

287. 286
amdenad, srulwlovnis gadabirebisaTvis mosyidviT,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba araa dawese-
buli.Ees sworicaa, radgan cduneba sazRauris dapire-
biT eqspluataciis xerxad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod
arasrulwlovnis mimarT, romlis zneobrivi kredo da
fsiqika jer kidev Camoyalibebis procesSia da damna-
Save sargeblobs am viTarebiT.
aqedan gamomdinare, ver daveTanxmebiT iuridiul lit-
eraturaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom sxva ukanono
garigebaSi igulisxmeba damnaSavesa da dazaralebuls
Soris raime ukanono morigeba-SeTanxmeba da rom adami-
anis prostituciaSi Cabma soliduri Tanxis dapirebiT,
TiTqos unda Sefasdes, rogorc adamianis mimarT sxva
ukanono garigeba.66
E
es mosazreba araa misaRebi, radgan:
a) `cduneba~, raSic ZiriTadad igulisxmeba mosyidva,
rogorc msxverplze zemoqmedebis xerxi, saerTod
araa gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi;
b) adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebisas danaSaulis
msxverpli saerTod araa am garigebis monawile (sub-
ieqti), igi am garigebis obieqtia, e.i. garigeba midis
damnaSavesa da sxva pirs Soris.
garda amisa, srulwlovnis Cabma prostituciaSi mosy-
idviT, saerTod araa sisxlis samarTlebrivad dasjadi
qmedeba. aseTi qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba dakisre-
bulia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi mimarTulia arasrulw-
lovnisken. aseTi qmedeba arasrulwlovnis mimarT unda
dakvalificirdes an ssk-is 171-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT
(arasrulwlovnis Cabma prostituciaSi Zaladobis,
66
g. lobJaniZe, trefikingis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi, Tb.,
2006, gv. 146).

288. 287
Zaladobis muqarisa da motyuebis gareSe), an rogorc
arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (Tu mas mcirewlovnebis an
sxva mizezis gamo ar esmoda, ra qmedebaSi iyo Cabmuli).
adamianis yidva-gayidva damTavrebulad unda CaiT-
valos maSin, roca gayiduli piri gadava myidvelis
`mflobelobaSi~. mxolod mxareTa SeTanxmeba, Tundac
mas axldes gamyidvelze fulis gadacema, ar unda Sefas-
des, rogorc adamianis gayidva an yidva, Tu mas Tan ar ax-
lavs gayiduli piris faqtobrivi gadacema myidvelze.
es garigeba nasyidobis xelSekrulebisagan gansxvavdeba
ramdenime niSniT:
1. garigeba aq aris ukanono. amdenad, myidvels fulis
gadaxdis momentidan aranairi samarTlebrivi ufle-
ba pirze ar warmoeSoba, xolo faqtobrivi SesaZle-
bloba misi gamoyenebisa, jer ar aqvs;
2. garigeba exeba adamians (da ara nivTs). adamiani ki
gayidulad maSin unda CaiTvalos, roca igi faqto-
brivad gadava myidvelis xelSi, radgan mxolod am
momentidan SeuZlia myidvels gamoiyenos igi Tavisi
Sexedulebisamebr.
adamianis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba
– unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis yidva-gayidvac ukanono
garigebis erT-erTi saxea, xolo sxva ukanono garige-
baSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT SemTxveva, roca adamianiT
movaWre msxverplis kanonieri warmomadgenlisagan (an
sxva pirisagan) iTxovs am adamianis gadacemas da sanacv-
lod mas hpirdeba, rom Seasrulebs misTvis sasargeblo
qmedebas. magaliTad, izrunebs mis mimarT dawyebuli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetaze, an imaze, rom
ar iqnes dawyebuli aseTi devna, anda uSovis mas samsax-
urs, xels Seuwyobs biznesis wamowyebaSi, CamoaSorebs

289. 288
konkurents biznesSi da a.S.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sxva ukanono garigeba unda
ganxorcieldes ara Tavad msxverplTan, aramed mesame
pirTan (garigeba `mis mimarT~ da ara `masTan~).
`mis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcielebaSi~ ar ig-
ulisxmeba mesame pirze fulis an nivTis gadacema, rad-
gan aseTi garigeba yidva-gayidvad unda CaiTvalos. amas-
Tanave, radgan yidva-gayidvac ukanono garigebis erT-
erTi saxea, sxva ukanono garigebis damTavrebis momen-
tic iseve unda ganisazRvros, rogorc yidva-gayidvisa.
kerZod, igi damTavrebulad unda CaiTvalos msxverplis
damnaSaveze faqtobrivi gadacemis momentidan.
gadabireba – masSi igulisxmeba piris dayolieba eqs-
pluataciaSi im xerxebis gamoyenebiT, rac miTiTebulia
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi (motyueba, muqara da sxva). Tu piris
gadabirebisaTvis arc erTi am xerxTagani araa gamoyen-
ebuli, danaSaulis Semadgenloba saxeze ar aris. magal-
iTad, ar CaiTvleba srulwlovnis gadabirebad misi Se-
goneba, rom sjobs Caebas eqspluataciaSi (vTqvaT, pros-
tituciaSi) lukma puris sanacvlod, vidre iyos mSieri
da nagavSi eZebos sakvebi. Tu srulwlovani aseT Segone-
bas dahyveba, adamianiT vaWrobis Semadgenloba saxeze
ar gvaqvs.
gadayvana – am dros xdeba msxverplis gadaadgileba
qveynis erTi adgilidan meoreSi, aseve sazRvargareT
(1431
-e muxlis me-2 naw.) nebismieri gziT _ fexiT, sa-
transporto saSualebiT (oRond Tu satransporto
saSualebas Tavad damnaSave marTavs, es CaiTvleba ara
gadayvanad, aramed transportirebad). amasTan, aucile-
beli araa msxverpls Tan axldes damnaSave. SesaZloa, man
sxva gziT uzrunvelyos misi gadayvana (transportis
gamoZebniT, sabuTebis gaformebaSi xelis SewyobiT, mg-

290. 289
zavrobis dafinansebiT da sxva). gadayvanis xerxad aseve
gamoyenebuli unda iyos muqara, motyueba an 1431
-e mux-
lSi miTiTebuli sxva xerxi.
gadamalva – igi gulisxmobs msxverplis moTavsebas iseT
adgilas, rac gamoricxavs rogorc mis Tavisufal gad-
aadgilebas, aseve SemTxveviTi pirebis kontaqts masTan.
Ees SesaZloa iyos bina, raime saTavso, tye da sxva. gada-
malvis mizani SeiZleba iyos piris Semdgomi gadabireba
an transportireba, misi gadacema eqspluatatorze an
Semdgomi Cabma eqspluataciaSi. Ggadamalva Tavis TavSi
moicavs Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas da damatebiTi
kvalifikacia ssk-is 143-e muxliT saWiro araa. gadamal-
visas aseve gamoyenebuli unda iyos zemoTmiTiTebuli
xerxidan romelime (magaliTad, motyueba).
vinaidan saxezea erTiani danaSauli alternatiuli
qmedebebiT, SesaZloa, yvela es qmedeba (gadabireba, gad-
ayvana, gadamalva) erTma pirma Caidinos da es zegavlenas
ver moaxdens qmedebis kvalifikaciaze, magram igi aisax-
eba braldebaSi. SesaZloa, es qmedebebi SeTanxmebulad
sxvadasxva pirebma Caidinon – erTma gadaibiros, meo-
rem gadaiyvanos, xolo mesamem gadamalos. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi, araa aucilebeli, yvela maTganma gamoiyenos
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi MmiTiTebuli xerxi. gansakuTrebiT
es iTqmis iseT xerxze, rogoricaa motyueba, muqara da
SantaJi. es xerxi SesaZloa gamoiyenos mxolod iman,
vinc gadaibira msxverpli. sxvebma ki (vinc gadaiyvana
da gadamala igi), mxolod ician amis Sesaxeb. motyuebiT
gadabirebuli piri formalurad nebiT mihyveba damna-
Saves da aseve nebayoflobiT Cerdeba im adgilas, sadac
mas aTavseben.
daqiraveba – saerTod igi Cveulebrivi samoqalaqo sa-

291. 290
marTlebrivi urTierTobis saxea (garkveuli anazRau-
rebis pirobiT raime samuSaos Sesruleba an momsax-
urebis gaweva. aseve sxvisi nivTis (rogorc moZravi, ise
uZravi) garkveuli vadiT gamoyeneba mesakuTrisaTvis
anazRaurebis gadaxdis pirobiT). Ggansaxilvel SemTx-
vevaSi igulisxmeba piris ara kanonieri daqiraveba (Ses-
abamisi kontraqtis safuZvelze), aramed piri qiravdeba
misi eqspluataciisaTvis, rogorc nivTi da sazRauri
gadaecema ara Tavad mas (daqiravebuls), aramed sxvas.
Ees sxva SeiZleba iyos misi axlo naTesavi (magaliTad,
meuRle), aseve msxverplis `mesakuTre~, romelsac igi
nayidi hyavs, rogorc mona.
aqve daqiraveba unda ganvasxvavoT adamianis yidvisagan.
Yyidvis dros myidveli erTian Tanxaze Tanxmdeba gamy-
idvelTan da rogorc wesi, erTianad ixdis mas. gayidu-
li piri ki mis uvado `sargeblobaSi~ gadadis, rogorc
nivTi. Ddaqiravebis dros ki damqiravebeli (eqspluata-
tori) da gamqiravebeli (igi SesaZloa, ar iyos eqsplu-
atatori) Tanxmdebian imaze, rom msxverpli damqiraveb-
els gadaecema xanmokle vadiT (magaliTad, erTi dRiT)
garkveuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad da qirac qiravno-
bis drois Sesabamisad ganisazRvreba. ra Tqma unda, qira
araadekvaturia Sesrulebul samuSaosTan mimarTebaSi
da amasTan damnaSave msxverplis mimarT iyenebs kanonSi
miTiTebul romelime xerxs.
daqiravebaSi igulisxmeba iseTi SemTxvevac, roca Ses-
asrulebeli samuSaos sazRauri gadaecema Tavad daq-
iravebuls, magram es sazRauri araadekvaturia da rac
mTavaria, msxverplis TanxmobisaTvis gamoyenebulia
erT-erTi is xerxi, rac miTiTebulia ssk-is 1431
-e muxl-
Si. am SemTxvevaSi Tu damnaSavis mier gamoyenebuli araa
kanonSi miTiTebuli romelime xerxi, daqiravebulis

292. 291
mimarT gadaxdili anazRaureba rac ar unda araadekva-
turi iyos, adamianis eqspluataciasTan saqme ar gvaqvs,
radgan:
a) anazRaurebis araadekvaturoba SefasebiTi cne-
baa da misi kriteriumi gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva
saxelmwifoSi. magaliTad, rac saqarTvelos mo-
qalaqisaTvis `normaluri anazRaurebaa~, is gan-
viTarebuli qveynis moqalaqisaTvis (iq cxovrebis
donidan gamomdinare) araadekvaturia. amitom ar
unda Seiqmnas iseTi viTareba, roca ucxoeTSi sam-
uSaod wasuli saqarTvelos moqalaqe kmayofilia
Tavisi Sromis anazRaurebiT, magram es anazRaureba
im qveyanaSi Sefasdes adamianis eqspluataciad;
b) mocemul SemTxvevaSi daqiravebuli aris srulw-
lovani piri;
g) saerTod, ramdenad adekvatur anazRaurebaze SeT-
anxmdebian mxareebi kanoniT daSvebuli samuSaos Ses-
asruleblad, es maT SeTanxmebaze unda iyos damokide-
buli. Tu srulwlovan moqalaqes akmayofilebs SeT-
avazebuli anazRaureba, aravis aqvs ufleba (maT Soris
saxelmwifos), Caerios aseT urTierTobaSi.
sxva sakiTxia, Tu mxareebi Tanxmdebian kanonsawinaaRm-
dego samuSaos Sesrulebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, maT pa-
suxi unda agon im kanonis Sesabamisad, romelic krZala-
vs aseTi samuSaos Sesrulebas (da ara adamianis eqsplu-
ataciisaTvis).
transportireba – aq igulisxmeba msxverplis gad-
aadgileba erTi adgilidan meoreze (maT Soris sazR-
vargareTac) nebismieri saxis transportiT (rogorc
saqalaqo, ise wylisa da sahaero transportiT). amasTan,
am qmedebis amsrulebelia is, vinc transports marTavs
da gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom axdens adamianiT vaWrobis

293. 292
msxverplis gadaadgilebas. gansxvavebiT gadayvanisagan,
sadac am qmedebis amsrulebeli, SesaZloa, Tavad arc ax-
ldes msxverpls gadayvanisas (magram uzrunvelyos misi
transportireba). transportirebisas damnaSave Tavad
marTavs im transports, riTac xdeba msxverplis gad-
ayvana.
saerTod, gadayvana ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre trans-
portireba, magram vinaidan kanonmdebelma trans-
portireba danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis cal-
ke niSnad gamohyo, igi ukve ar igulisxmeba gadayvanaSi.
gadacema – aq igulisxmeba msxverplis Cabareba sxva
pirze. igi SeiZleba iyos eqspluatatori an sxva, romel-
mac igi droebiT unda gadamalos. gadacema ar gulisx-
mobs arc gadayvanas da arc transportirebas. es qmede-
bebi SesaZloa, sxva pirma ganaxorcielos. magaliTad,
a-m motyuebiT gadaiyvana b. sazRvargareT da miiyvana
erT-erTi qalaqis sastumrosTan, sadac mas elodeboda
c. (romelsac gacnobierebuli aqvs saqmis viTareba),
romelmac msxverpli gadasca sastumros mepatrones.
aRsaniSnavia,romAamgvariqmedebis(msxverplisgadacema)
Camdeni, sanam ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi es qmedeba saxeldebiT
ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, ver CaiTvleboda danaSaulis
amsruleblad. igi iTvleboda Tanamonawiled adamianiT
vaWrobaSi, kerZod, damxmared. Aamdenad, am sakanonmde-
blo siaxliT gamkacrda pasuxismgebloba aRniSnuli
qmedebisaTvis.
Sefareba – saerTod Sefareba gulisxmobs adamianis da-
farvas raime gansacdelisagan, xifaTisagan, mis gamox-
snas rTuli viTarebidan.67
gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi
67
ix. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, mT. red. arn. Ci-
qobava, nakv. II, Tb., 1990.

294. 293
Sefareba gulisxmobs usaxlkaro, umuSevari, mSieri
adamianis uzrunvelyofas TavSesafriT, samuSaoTi an
sakvebiT.
aseT viTarebaSi, bevri kiTxva ibadeba. kerZod, saqarT-
velos sinamdvileSi, sadac siduxWireSi myofTa so-
cialuri daxmarebis sakiTxi problemuria, raSi sWird-
eba pirs gansacdelSi myofis am viTarebidan gamoxs-
nisaTvis gamoiyenos iseTi xerxi, rogoricaa Zaladoba,
muqara, SantaJi da sxva? gana gansacdelSi myofi am xe-
rxis gamoyenebis gareSec didi siamovnebiT da mad-
lierebiT ar daTanxmdeba mas Sefarebaze, Tundac raime
samuSaos Sesrulebis pirobiT? an, ratomaa valdebuli
piri, romelmac Seifara gansacdelSi myofi, adekva-
turad aunazRauros mas gaweuli samuSao? ra Tqma unda,
Sefarebuli piris gamoyeneba mZime samuSaosaTvis, luk-
ma puris sanacvlod, amoraluri qmedebaa, radgan piri
sargeblobs imiT, rom gansacdelSi myofs sxva gamosava-
li ar aqvs, magram es sakiTxis moraluri mxarea da mas
saerTo ar aqvs adamianiT vaWrobasTan.
erTaderTi xerxi, rac saqarTvelos realobaSi praqti-
kulad SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes gansacdelSi myofis
Sefarebisas misi eqspluataciis mizniT, esaa motyueba,
roca mas pirdebian saTanado anazRaurebas mZime sam-
uSaos Sesrulebis sanacvlod. Semdeg ki mxolod sakvebs
da TavSesafars aZleven da toveben anazRaurebis gareSe,
rac marTlac unda CaiTvalos adamianis eqspluataciad.
rac Seexeba im qveynebs, sadac umuSevarTa da
usaxlkaroTa daxmarebas saxelmwifo iRebs Tavis Tavze,
kerZo pirebs unda aekrZaloT aseTi pirebis Sefareba
maTi iaf muSaxelad gamoyenebis sanacvlod da aseTi Se-
fareba marTlac unda CaiTvalos adamianis eqspluata-
ciad.

295. 294
adamianis miReba eqspluataciis mizniT – aq igulisxmeba
SemTxveva, roca eqspluatatori, winaswari SecnobiT,
sxvis mier, ama Tu im xerxiT, ukve gadabirebul adamians
iRebs eqspluataciis gasawevad. marTalia, mas Tavad ar
gamouyenebia raime xerxi misi gadabirebisaTvis, magram
icis, rom es xerxi sxvam gamoiyena. adamianiT vaWrobis
(trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos
konvenciis me-4 muxlis Sinaarsis Tanaxmad, adamianiT
vaWrobis msxverplis Tanxmoba, gamoyenebul iqnes eqs-
pluataciis miznebisaTvis, ar CaiTvleba namdvilad, Tu
es Tanxmoba miRebul iqna iseTi saSualebis gamoyenebiT,
rogoricaa: muqara, Zaladoba, iZulebis sxva forma, mo-
tyueba da sxva (rac CamoTvlilia konvenciis amave mux-
lSi).
amiT konvenciis avtorebma xazi gausves imas, rom Tu
srulwlovnis Tanxmoba eqspluataciaSi Cabmaze aris
moCvenebiTi, aseT Tanxmobas mniSvneloba ar mieniWe-
ba da misi eqspluataciaSi Cabma CaiTvleba adamianiT
vaWrobad.
igive azria gatarebuli ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi,
sadac weria: `piris Tanxmobas mis winaswarganzraxul
eqspluataciaze (n.T.) mniSvneloba ar aqvs~. M
mtkicebis sakiTxia, rogor dadgindes, icoda Tu ara
pirma, rom adamianis Tanxmoba iyo moCvenebiTi, arar-
ealuri. Aamis dasadgenad sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTad,
gamodgeba imis dadgena, Tu ra mdgomareobaSi iyo gareg-
nuli Tu emociuri TvalsazrisiT is adamiani, vinc Tanx-
moba ganacxada eqspluataciaze (etyoboda Zaladobis
niSnebi, iyo aRelvebuli, daSinebuli da sxva).

296. 295
adamianiT vaWrobis subieqturi SemadgenlobisTvis,
rogorc wesi, damaxasiaTebelia eqspluataciis miz-
ani. amitom am miznis sworad gagebisTvis gansaxilveli
normis SeniSvnaSi kanonmdebeli ganmartavs eqspluat-
aciis cnebas.
sxvadasxva mizanTan erTad, eqspluataciis mizani erT-
erT alternatiul miznad gulisxmobs adamianis mono-
bis Tanamedrove pirobebSi Cayenebas, rac sxva niSnebTan
erTad (magaliTad, misTvis pirovnebis saidentifikacio
dokumentis CamorTmeva da sxva) gulisxmobs Tavisufa-
li gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudvas.
rasniSnavsTavisufaligadaadgilebisuflebisSezRudva,
riT gansxvavdeba igi Tavisuflebis aRkveTisgan da rogor
vlindeba es qmedebebi gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi?
Tavisuflebis aRkveTisas (ra Tqma unda, aq vgulisx-
mobT mis ukanonod aRkveTas) msxverpls warTmeuli aqvs
qveynis mTel teritoriaze gadaadgilebis ufleba. ker-
Zod, igi SeiZleba damwyvdeuli iyos binaSi, sardafSi,
ormoSi, mibmuli iyos xeze da a.S. amdenad, mas ar aqvs
fizikuri SesaZlebloba, gadaadgildes ama Tu im konk-
retuli teritoriis iqiT (mag. binis iqiT).Aanda saerTod
warTmeuli aqvs gadaadgilebis SesaZlebloba (mag. Mmib-
mulia xeze, Cagdebulia ormoSi).
rac Seexeba Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis Sez-
Rudvas, aq gansxvavebul mdgomareobasTan gvaqvs saqme.
kerZod, msxverpls eZleva SesaZlebloba (ra Tqma unda,
`trefikeris~ TanxmobiT), gascildes ama Tu im Semosaz-
Rvrul teritorias (magaliTad, im binas, sadac mas amyo-
feben) da gavides quCaSi, magram mas ar aqvs SesaZleblo-
ba, Tavisuflad gadaadgildes, sadac surs. Aamis mizezi

297. 296
ki sxvadasxvaa:
a) msxverpls CamorTmeuli aqvs saidentifikacio sa-
Sualeba, ris gamoc erideba policiasTan Sexvedras;
b) ar aqvs saTanado Tanxa, raTa aiRos samgzavro bi-
leTi da gaemgzavros, sadac surs;
g) ar icis im qveynis sasaubro ena, sadac imyofeba da
a.S.
eqspluataciis msxverplT `trefikerebi~ xSir-
ad uflebas aZleven, gavidnen quCaSi da maRaziaSi
SeiZinon wvrilmani kvebis produqtebi. `trefik-
erma~ icis, rom igi iZulebulia, maleve dabrundes
ukan, radgan ara aqvs saidentifikacio saSualeba da
Tu policiam gaaCera, dakaveba ar ascdeba.
aseTi ram gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia adamianiT
vaWrobis im SemTxvevisTvis, roca msxverplis mimarT
gamoyenebulia motyuebis xerxi da man jer ar icis, rom
uweven eqspluatacias. mas hgonia, misi anazRaureba
`grovdeba bankSi~ da wasvlis dro rom dadgeba, erTbaS-
ad miiRebs `kuTvnil Tanxas~.
Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudva Sesa-
Zloa, gamoyenebuli iyos im SemTxvevaSic, roca danaSau-
lis xerxad gamoyenebulia Zaladoba an muqara, anu msx-
verplma ukve icis, rom mas eqspluatacias uweven. praq-
tikaSi SesaZloa, moxdes ise, rom ZaladobiT an muqariT
damorCilebul msxverpls ki ar aRukveTon Tavisufle-
ba, aramed SeuzRudon gadaadgilebis ufleba, e.i. mis-
cen SesaZlebloba, gavides SemosazRvruli teritori-
is (magal. Senobis) gareT im pirobiT, rom gansazRvrul
dros gabrundeba ukan. msxverpli marTlac iZulebu-
lia, garkveuli `samuSaos~ Sesrulebis Semdeg ukan dab-
rundes. mis mizezi is ki araa, rom mas warTmeuli aqvs
saidentifikacio saSualeba, ara aqvs gasamgzavrebeli

298. 297
Tanxa da a.S. aramed isaa, rom `trefikers~ mZevlad hyavs
Cagdebuli msxverplis axlo naTesavi da Tu igi droze
ar dabrunda, mZevlis sicocxles safrTxe daemuqreba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva: moicavs Tu ara ada-
mianiT vaWroba mZevlad xelSi Cagdebas (iseve rogorc
Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas), Tu am dros saWiroa
qmedebis kvalifikacia danaSaulTa erTobliobiT?
Ees sakiTxi ganvixiloT Semdeg magaliTze: a-m sazRvar-
gareT motyuebiT waiyvana b. Tavis or mcirewlovan
SvilTan erTad samuSaoze (kerZod, ZiZad) mowyobis pi-
robiT. Aadgilze Casvlis Semdeg man da iq damxvedrma
sxva pirebma b. mokvlis muqariT aiZules Tanxmoba gan-
ecxadebina Tavis erT-erT SvilTan erTad yoveldRiur
maTxovrobaze. sanam b. quCaSi maTxovrobda, misi meore
Svili a-s hyavda gamoketili imis garantad, rom b. drou-
lad dabrundeboda da Caabarebda maTxovrobiT miRe-
bul Tanxas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, binaSi damwyvdeul
Svils mouklavdnen.
zemoTmoyvanili qmedeba gansxvavdeba im SemTxvevisa-
gan, roca msxverpls aiZuleben daTanxmdes eqspluata-
ciaSi Cabmaze Svilis mokvlis muqariT, rasac SeiZleba
erTjeradi xasiaTi hqondes. mocemul magaliTze ki dam-
naSaves Caketili hyavs msxverplis Svili mTeli misi eqs-
pluataciis manZilze, riTac aiZulebs mas, Seasrulos
garkveuli qmedeba daculi teritoriis gareT (quCa-
Si) – imaTxovros da fuliT xelSi dabrundes ukan. is
faqti, rom a-s msxverplis Svili gamomwyvdeuli hyavs,
faqtobriv SesaZleblobas uspobs Tavisufal sivrceSi
gasul msxverpls, gaiqces an mimarTos policias (es uka-
nasknelic did riskTanaa dakavSirebuli).
rogor unda dakvalificirdes Cadenili qmedeba?

299. 298
udavoa, rom a-m motyuebiT gadaibira da sazRvarga-
reT gadaiyvana b., Semdeg ki muqariT (kerZod, mokvlis
muqariT) igi eqspluataciaSi Caaba, kerZod, antisazoga-
doebriv qmedebaSi – maTxovrobaSi.
amasTan, ismis kiTxva: mieces Tu ara damatebiTi kvali-
fikacia im faqts, rom a-s gamomwyvdeuli hyavda msxver-
plis Svili imis garantad, raTa quCaSi gasuli b. namd-
vilad imaTxovrebda da binaSic dabrundeboda saTana-
do TanxiT? xom ar gulisxmobs ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi mi-
TiTebuli xerxebi – muqara, Zaladoba an iZulebis sxva
forma mZevlad xelSi Cagdebasac, radgan mZevlad xelSi
Cagdeba swored rom gulisxmobs Zaladobas (mZevlis
xelSi Cagdebis saxiT), aseve muqaras mesame pirze, raTa
man Seasrulos an ar Seasrulos raime qmedeba (am SemTx-
vevaSi, Seasrulos igi – imaTxovros)?
saerTod, danaSaulis is xerxebi, rac mocemulia gansax-
ilvel normaSi (muqara, Zaladoba, TaRliToba da sxva),
ZiriTadad mimarTulia Tavad msxverplisken, visi Cab-
mac surT eqspluataciaSi. Tumca araa gamoricxuli,
zogierTi maTgani (magaliTad, Zaladoba da muqara) mi-
marTuli iyos sxva pirisken, visi bediTac daintereseb-
ulia msxverpli (misi Svili, meuRle da sxva). magaliTad,
dedisgan moiTxoven, daTanxmdes monur SromaSi Cabmas,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, emuqrebian, rom dauyonebliv
mouklaven Svils. aseTi muqara mTlianad igulisxmeba
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis SemadgenlobaSi da mas damatebiTi
kvalifikacia ar sWirdeba.
sxva viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca damnaSave drois
gansazRvrul monakveTSi (msxverplis eqspluataciis
mTel periodSi) xelT igdebs ara marto imas, visac eqs-

300. 299
pluatacia unda gauwios, aramed sxva pirsac (mis Svils)
da mis mimarT Zaladobis muqariT aiZulebs msxverpls,
Seasrulos `trefikerisaTvis~ sasurveli qmedeba dac-
uli teritoriis gareT (am SemTxvevaSi quCaSi maTxov-
robiT), saidanac mas formalurad Tavisuflad SeuZlia
gaiqces an saSvelad mimarTos saTanado organos. Amoce-
mul SemTxvevaSi ki Svilis mZevlobis gamo igi am Sesa-
Zleblobas moklebulia. es, faqtobrivad, imas niSnavs,
rom xelyofilia aramarto eqspluataciaSi Cabmulis
Tavisufleba, Rirseba da sicocxle, aramed sxva piri-
sac (misi Svilis), rac damatebiT kvalifikacias moiTx-
ovs ssk-is 144-e muxlis Sesabamisi nawiliT.
amdenad, adamianiT vaWroba TavisTavSi gulisxmobs msx-
verplis an sxva piris Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas
(gadamalva), magram igi ar gulisxmobs mZevlad xelSi
Cagdebas.

301. 300
nona Todua
samarTlis doqtori
§ 2. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizi (nawili pirveli)
problemuria sakiTxi, Tu rogor esmiT sasamarTlo
praqtikaSi adamianiT vaWrobis obieqturi Semadgenlo-
ba (kerZod, qmedeba, da is xerxebi, rac CamoTvlilia ssk-
is 1431-
e muxlSi).
amisgasarkvevadgamogvadgeba2006wlis12ivnissTbili-
sis saolqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
kolegiis mier ganxiluli saqme #1/a-141 zoia al-nis mi-
marT.
sasamarTlom z. al-s msjavri dasdo masSi, rom man Caid-
ina adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,
agreTve motyuebiT adamianis gadayvana da miReba eqspl-
uataciis mizniT ori an meti piris mimarT da dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, Cadenili organizebu-
li jgufis mier. aseve yalbi oficialuri dokumentis
damzadebaSi daxmarebisTvis araerTgzis, e.i. danaSauli
gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~
da `e~ qvepunqtiT, aseve amave muxlis me-3 nawilis `a~
qvepunqtiT (2006 wlis 31 maisis redaqciiT) da 25-e, 362-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT.
sasamarTlogamoZiebis,saqmismasalebiserTobliviSes-
wavlisa da analizis safuZvelze sasamarTlo kolegiam
gamokvleulad da dadasturebulad cno Semdegi: `2003
wlis oqtomberSi z. al-ma, m. x-Svilma da m. al-am Seqmnes
organizebuli jgufi adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikin-
gis) ganzraxviT. 2004 wlis ianvarSi z. al-ma da m. x-Svil-

302. 301
ma motyuebiT ganaxorcieles n. x-Svilisa da T. p-Svilis
mimarT ukanono garigeba, maTi sazRvargareT gayvaniT
eqspluataciis (prostituciaSi Cabmis) mizniT. z. al-ma
daiyolia n. x-Svili da T. p-Svili prostituciaSi Cabmis
Sedegad, saTanado sazRauris miRebis mizniT q. dubaiSi
wayvanaze, sadac maT saqmianobasa da am gziT miRebul
Semosavlebs meTvalyureobasa da kontrols gauwevda
m. al-a. aRniSnulis sanacvlod n. x-Svilsa da T. p-Svils
Tavdapirvelad unda gadaexadaT prostituciiT miRe-
buli mTliani Tanxa _ 4000 aSS dolari, xolo SemdegSi
ki _ Semosavlis naxevari. p-Svilsa da x-Svils erovnu-
li pasportebis aRebaSi daexmara z. al-ni, romelmac es
pasportebi gadasca m. J-s dabadebis TariRis grafaSi
maTi monacemebis gayalbebis mizniT, rac m. J-m gaayalba.
2004 wlis 5 marts T. p-Svilma da n. x-Svilma gayalbebuli
pasportebiT gadakveTes saqarTvelos sazRvari da Cav-
idnen erevanSi, xolo Semdeg `erevan-dubais~ aviareise-
biT Cafrindnen q. dubais aeroportSi, sadac erovnul
pasportebSi arsebuli yalbi monacemebis aRmoCenis
gamo 2004 wlis 10 marts deportirebul iqnen. Tbilis-
Si dabrunebisTanave z. al-ma da m. x-Svilma danaSaulis
kvalis dafarvis mizniT n. x-Svilsa da T. p-Svils gamo-
arTves yalbi pasportebi da gadamales.~
sabolood, z. al-s msjavri daedo masSi, rom man Caidi-
na adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,
agreTve motyuebiT adamianis gadayvana da miReba eqspl-
uataciis mizniT ori an meti piris mimarT da dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, Cadenili organizebuli
jgufis mier (aseve 25-e, 362-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `a~
qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi).
rogorc ganaCenidan Cans, z. al-nis braldebis erT-er-
Ti Semadgenili nawili aris is, rom man Caidina adamianis
mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba.

303. 302
saqmis masalebiT ki dadginda, rom z. al-s (aseve m. x-
Svils) q. dubaiSi wasvlaze saubari hqonda uSualod am
gogonebTan. iq cxovrebis pirobebzec maT esaubra. z.
al-s (aseve m. x-Svils) ar hqonia urTierToba sxva iseT
pirebTan, vinc SeZlebda gogonebze zemoqmedebis mox-
denas. amdenad, igi am gogonebTan Tavad awarmoebda ga-
rigebas. es ki sasamarTlom CaTvala maT mimarT ukanono
garigebad. ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi ki naTqvamia: `mis mimarT
sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba~ (`mis mimarT~ da
ara `masTan~). amdenad, ukanono garigebisas, rogorc
es zemoT ukve iTqva, danaSaulis msxverpli aris am ga-
rigebis obieqti. igi araa garigebis subieqti (monawile).
ukanono garigebis dros garigeba unda xorcielde-
bodes adamianiT movaWresa da mesame pirs (magaliTad,
msxverplis meuRles) Soris.
sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT davrwmundiT, rom
umetes SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloebs `mis mimarT ukanono
garigebis ganxorcieleba~ arasworad esmiT.
amave sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mixedviT z. al-s msjavri
daedo aseve imaSi, rom man Caidina motyuebiT adamianis
gadayvana. Tumca sasamarTlos ar daumtkicebia, konk-
retulad, ra qmedebaSi gamoixata gogonebis motyueba,
an saidan dasturdeba, rom z. al-s maTi motyueba hqonda
ganzraxuli. rogorc dadginda, gogonebma ver CaaRwies
q. dubaimde, isini ukanve iqnen deportirebulni. maS,
saidan keTdeba daskvna, rom q. dubaiSi Casvlis SemTx-
vevaSi, maTi iq cxovreba ise ar warimarTeboda, rogorc
amas maT hpirdeboda z. al-i da razec am gogonebma Tanx-
moba ganacxades (rom maT Tavidan gadaaxdevinebdnen
4000 aSS dolars, xolo Semdeg – `Semosavlis~ naxevars)?
ganaCenSi es sakiTxi saerTod dasmulic ki araa, ubral-
od braldebis formulirebaSi naTqvamia, rom man Caidi-

304. 303
na adamianis gadayvana motyuebiT.
motyueba ki aris am danaSaulis Cadenis erT-erTi xe-
rxi. mas adgili aqvs maSin, roca adamianiT movaWre
Segnebulad gayalbebul informacias awvdis pirs, raTa
SecdomaSi Seiyvanos da am gziT daiyolios (an gadaiy-
vanos, gadamalos da a.S.) igi. magaliTad, hpirdeba, rom
sazRvargareT moawyobs mas ZiZad, an kafeSi mimtanad,
mzareulad. sinamdvileSi ki Caiyvans mas adgilze da
iZulebiT abams prostituciaSi an sxvagvar eqspluata-
ciaSi. motyuebas adgili aqvs maSinac, roca ar umalavs,
rom Caabams prostituciaSi, magram hpirdeba prosti-
tuciiT miRebuli Tanxis garkveuli nawilis gadacemas.
sinamdvileSi ki, miiyvans ra adgilze, prostituciiT
miRebul Tanxas TviTon isakuTrebs (amdenad, im piris
motyuebac dauSvebelia, romelic Tanaxmaa, Caebas pros-
tituciaSi).
rogorc vxedavT, ganxilul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi
aseTi motyuebis faqti arafriT araa dadgenili.
aqve TvalSi sacemia ganaCenSi dafiqsirebuli bralde-
bis uCveulo formulireba: `2004 wlis ianvarSi z. al-ma
da m. x-Svilma motyuebiT ganaxorcieles n. x-Svilisa da
T. p-Svilis mimarT ukanono garigeba~.
ismis kiTxva: ras niSnavs `motyuebiT ukanono garigeba~?
ukanono garigeba aris adamianiT vaWrobis obieqturi
Semadgenlobis (kerZod, qmedebis) erT-erTi niSani yid-
va-gayidvasTan erTad. am SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis xerxs
mniSvneloba ar aqvs. rac Seexeba motyuebas, igi aris
erT-erTi alternatiuli xerxi am danaSaulisa iseTi
qmedebebisTvis, rogoricaa: adamianis gadabireba, gad-
ayvana, gadamalva da a.S. (magram ara ukanono garigebi-

305. 304
sTvis). aqedan gamomdinare, formulireba: `motyuebiT
ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba~ aris ssk-is 1431
-e
muxlis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arasworad gagebis
Sedegi.
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi mocemuli sxva xerxebi ki (rogori-
caa TaRliToba, muqara, Zaladoba, motaceba da sxva), z.
al-s saerTod bralad ara aqvs Seracxuli.
amave ganaCeniT sasamarTlo kolegiam dadasturebu-
lad cno, rom z. al-nma daiyolia n. x-Svili da T. p-Svi-
li prostituciaSi Cabmis Sedegad saTanado sazRauris
miRebis mizniT q. dubaiSi wayvanaze (s.f. 188-e amave sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeze).
ismis kiTxva: ras niSnavs `daiyolia~? ra xerxiT daiyo-
lia da raSi gamoixata es, amaze ganaCenSi araferia naTq-
vami. Tumca, am mxriv, yuradRebas ipyrobs dazaralebu-
lisa da mowmis Cvenebebi, romelTac sasamarTlo eyrd-
noba gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanisas. magaliTad,
dazaralebulad cnobilma xebrelaSvilma aCvena, rom
gamgzavrebasTan dakavSirebiT mas uTanxmoeba mouvida
ojaxSi da gadaifiqra dubaiSi wasvla. Tumca z. al-ni da
m. x-Svili daemuqrnen mas da aiZules daTanxmebuliyo
gamgzavrebaze (igives adastureben T. p-Svili da mowme
S. m-Ze, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom arafers amboben
muqaraze). rogorc procesze gairkva, z. al-ma da m. x-
Svilma uTxres x-Svils, rom fuli ukve daxarjuli iyo
pasportisa da vizis gakeTebaSi da Tu igi ar wavidoda
dubaiSi, am xarjs veravin aanazRaurebda. amitomac n. x-
Svili daTanxmda gamgzavreze.
rogorc am Cvenebebidan Cans, z. al-sa da m. x-Svilis
qmedebaSi araa arc motyueba da arc muqara (aseve arc
ssk-is 1431
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva xerxi). ar-
ada dayolieba aris am danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgen-

306. 305
lobis iseTi niSani, romelic Cadenili unda iyos am mux-
lSi CamoTvlili erT-erTi xerxiT (muqariT, motyuebiT
an sxva xerxiT). Tu dayoliebisTvis araa gamoyenebuli
1431
-e muxlSi CamoTvlili erT-erTi xerxi mainc, maSin
danaSaulis Semadgenloba araa saxeze (sxva viTarebasTan
gvaqvs saqme arasrulwlovniT vaWrobisas).
amdenad, mocemul saqmeSi araa damtkicebuli adamianiT
vaWrobis arc erTi xerxi, rac aucilebelia ssk-is 1431
-e
muxlis gamoyenebisTvis. es ki imas niSnavs, rom am dana-
Saulis obieqturi Semadgenloba (kerZod, xerxi) saqmis
masalebiT araa dadasturebuli.
amave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi z. a-ns msjavri daedo
imaSi, rom man Caidina adamianis miReba eqspluataciis
mizniT.
rogor unda gavigoT adamianis miReba eqspluataciis
mizniT?
adamianis miReba eqspluataciis mizniT aris erT-erTi
im qmedebaTagani, romlis CadeniTac SesaZlebelia am
danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis (konkretulad,
qmedebis) ganxorcieleba. adamianis miReba eqspluat-
aciis mizniT SeuZlia ganaxorcielos im pirs, visac
gadawyvetili aqvs, Tavad gauwios eqspluatacia adami-
ans. e.i. Tavad man Caabas igi iZulebiT SromaSi (da ara sx-
vas miuyvanos eqspluataciaSi Casabmelad). xSirad aseT
`eqspluatatorTan~ sxvebs mohyavT ama Tu im xerxiT
ukve gadabirebuli adamiani da igi iRebs mas, raTa gau-
wios eqspluatacia.
Tuki `eqspluatatori~ (`trefikeri~) adamianis gadabi-
rebisTvis Tavad iyenebs ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi miTiTebul
romelime xerxs (magaliTad, muqaras), raTa miaRwios
piris Tanxmobas eqspluataciaSi Cabmaze, mas bralad

307. 306
unda waeyenos ara marto adamianis miReba eqspluataci-
is mizniT, aramed aseve misi gadabireba muqariT.
axla movubrundeT z. a-is saqmes. z. a-ma gogonebi gag-
zavna q. dubaiSi, sadac isini nebayoflobiT unda Cab-
muliyvnen prostituciaSi. maT saqmianobas ki meTvaly-
ureobas gauwevda m. a-eva. z. a-ni arc ki gahyolia maT.
ufro metic aranairi Sexeba maTTan momavalSi ar unda
hqonoda. igi arc am jgufis organizatorad yofila
cnobili (am jgufis organizatorad sasamarTlom cno
m. x-Svili). aseT SemTxvevaSi z. a-sa da sxva pirTa mimarT
adamianiT vaWrobis faqti dadasturebuli romc iyos,
a-is qmedeba mainc ar unda Sefasdes rogorc adamianis
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarTlom ise cno dadas-
turebulad mis mimarT es braldeba (adamianis miReba
eqspluataciis mizniT), rom ar dausabuTebia, Tu konk-
retulad ra qmedebaSi gamoixata igi. rodesac sisxlis-
samarTlebriv normaSi mocemulia ramdenime alterna-
tiuli qmedeba an/da alternatiuli xerxi, TiToeuli
maTganis bralad Seraxcvisas unda dasabuTdes, Tu
konkretulad raSi gamoixata igi mocemul SemTxvevaSi.
sainteresoa, Tu rogor esmiT sasamarTlo praqtikaSi
adamianiT vaWroba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis
mier? amave saqmeSi z. a-s m. x-Svilsa da m. al-Tan erTad
brali daedo imaSi, rom man ganaxorciela adamianiT
vaWroba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier.
Tavad m. x-Svilis mimarT saqme gamoyofili iyo calke
warmoebad da mis mimarT Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-
lom 2007 wlis 28 dekembers gamoitana ganaCeni (saqme
#1/6417-07).amganaCenismixedviT:`2003wlisoqtomberSi
m. x-Svilma z. a-Tan da m. al-Tan erTad Seqmna organi-

308. 307
zebuli jgufi adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) gan-
zraxviT~. amdenad, ganaCenis mixedviT m. x-Svili miCneu-
lia organizebuli jgufis organizatorad.
sanam SevafasebdeT sasamarTlos mier mopovebul mt-
kicebulebebs, vnaxoT, Tu rogor iyo ganmartebuli-
sisxlis samarTliskodeqsSi (2006 wlis 25 ivlisamde)
organizebuli jgufi. ssk-is 27-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi
naTqvami iyo: danaSauli organizebuli jgufis mieraa
Cadenili, Tu igi ganaxorciela pirTa myarma jgufma,
romlebic winaswar SekavSirdnen ramdenime danaSaulis
Casadenad.
amdenad, pirTa jgufis organizebul jgufad cnobisT-
vis saWiro iyo ramdenime niSani: 1. pirTa jgufi unda iyos
myari; 2. es myari jgufi winaswar unda iyos SekavSirebu-
li ara erTi, aramed ramdenime danaSaulis Casadenad.
myari jgufisTvis ki damaxasiaTebeli unda iyos ram-
denime niSani: a) pirTa jgufs hyavs xelmZRvaneli (orga-
nizatori); b) jgufidan ar xdeba wevrebis Tavisufali
denadoba; g) jgufSi wevrebis miReba xdeba maTi winas-
wari SerCeviT (da ara SemTxveviTi pirisa); d) jgufs axa-
siaTebs mkacri Sinagani disciplina, e.i. xelZRvanelis
(organizatoris) brZanebis usityvo Sesruleba; e) jgu-
fi Seqmnilia xangrZlivi droiT moqmedebisTvis.
vnaxoT, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba saqmeSi mocemuli jgu-
fi am niSnebs. m. x-Svilis mimarT gamotanil zemoTxsen-
ebul ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT: `aRniSnuli ganzraxvis sis-
ruleSi moyvanis mizniT, 2004 wlis ianvarSi, m. x-Svilma,
masTan danaSaulebriv kavSirSi myof z. al-Tan erTad
ganaxorciela ukanono garigeba, motyuebiT n. x-Svilisa
da T. p-Svilis mimarT, sazRvargareT gayvaniT eqsplu-

309. 308
ataciis (pristituciaSi Cabmis) mizniT. m. x-Svilma dai-
yolia n. x-Svili da T. p-Svili arabeTis gaerTianebul
emiratebSi, kerZod, q. dubaiSi wayvanaze prostituciaSi
Cabmis gziT, saTanado sazRauris misaRebad, sadac or-
ganizebuli jgufis mesame wevri _ m. al-eva maT saqmi-
anobasa da am gziT miRebul Semosavlebs meTvalyure-
obasa da kontrols gauwevda. aRniSnulis sanacvlod,
ukanono garigebisamebr, n. x-Svils da T. p-Svils orga-
nizebuli jgufis samive wevrisTvis m. x-SvilisTvis, b.
al-evasTvis da z. al-sTvis Tavdapirvelad unda gad-
aexadaT prostituciiT miRebuli mTliani Tanxa _ 4000
aSS dolaris odenobiT TiToeuls, xolo SemdgomSi ki
_ Semosavlis naxevari. imis gamo, rom dubaiSi gasamgza-
vreblad T. p-Svils da n. x-Svilas ar hqondaT erovnuli
pasportebi, m. x-Svili miTiTebiT z. a-ni daexmara maT
erovnuli pasportebis aRebaSi.
aRniSnulis Semdgom m. x-Svilisgan z. al-sTvis cnobili
gaxda, rom maTi danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis sisruleSi
moyvanas xels SeuSlida T. p-Svilisa da m. x-Svilis asaki
da m. x-Svilis miTiTebiT z. al-nma maTi pasportebi ga-
dasca m. J-s, romelmac teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyen-
ebiT gaayalba oficialur dokumentebSi T. p-Svilisa
da n. x-Svilis monacemebi dabadebis TariRis Sesabamis
grafaSi.
2004 wlis 5 marts T. p-Svilma da n. x-Svilma gayalbebuli
pasportebis meSveobiT, samarSruto taqsiT `Tbilisi-
erevani~ gadakveTes saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvari
q. erevnis mimarTulebiT, xolo Semdeg aviareisiT `ere-
vani-dubai~ Cafrindnen q. dubais aeroportSi, sadac
pasportebSi arsebuli yalbi monacemebis aRmoCenis
gamo, 2004 wlis 10 marts gaukeTdaT deportacia.

310. 309
TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave, m. x-Svilma danaSaulis kva-
lis dafarvis mizniT n. x-Svilsa da T. p-Svils CamoarT-
va pasportebi da gadamala.~
m. x-Svilze wardgenili braldebis am formulirebidan
aSkaraa, rom aq ar ikveTeba myari jgufis arseboba. am-
denad, jgufis simyare ganaCeniT araa dasabuTebuli.
braldebaSi aRwerili faqtobrivi garemoebebidan Cans,
rom qmedeba namdvilad Cadenilia pirTa jgufis mier
winaswar SeTanxmebiT (sxva sakiTxia, rom maT qmedebaSi
araa dadasturebuli am danaSaulis SemadgenlobisTvis
aucilebeli xerxi, razec zemoT ukve visaubreT). xolo
winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufurad adamianiT vaWrobos
Cadena ar gvaZlevs ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis damamZimebel ga-
remoebas, igi am muxlis 1-el nawilSi igulisxmeba.
winaswar SeTanxmebuli jgufis wevrebi mocemul saqme-
Si arian m. x-Svili da z. al-ni, romlebsac uSualo kon-
taqti hqondaT dazaralebulad cnobil gogonebTan,
aseve maTi pasportis gamyalbebel m. J-sTan. rac Seexeba
jgufis me-3 wevrs, ganaCeniT aseTad miCneulia vinme m.
al-va, romelsac viTomc meTvalyureoba unda gaewia
am gogonebisTvis q. dubaiSi. sinamdvileSi ki m. al-as
pirovneba saqmeSi araa dadgenili. igi arc gamomZieb-
els da arc mosamarTles TvaliTac ar unaxavs. ufro
metic, igi Tavad dazaralebulad cnobil pirebsac
ara Tu ar unaxavT, aramed masTan satelefono an sxvag-
vari distanciuri saubaric ar hqoniaT. vinme m. al-as
monawileoba jgufSi dadasturebuladaa miCneuli mx-
olod dazaralebulad cnobili gogonebis (T. p-Svilisa
da m. x-Svilis) CvenebebiT, romlis mixedviTac z. al-ni
eubneboda maT, rom vinme m. al-as kontroli unda gaewia
maTi saqmianobisTvis q. dubaiSi.

311. 310
amdenad, vinme m. al-as (romelic aravin uwyis, arsebobs
Tu ara sinamdvileSi) realuri monawileoba jgufSi saq-
mis masalebiT araa dadasturebuli, magram amis miuxe-
davad ganaCenSi igi moxseniebulia, rogorc danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevri.
rogorc vxedavT, saqmeSi dadgeniladaa miCneuli mx-
olod ori piris monawileoba, magram ar arsebobs mt-
kicebuleba, rom es ori pirisgan Semdgari jgufi iyo
myari da igi Seqmnili iyo ramdenime danaSaulis Casa-
denad. ufro metic, am sakiTxze arc ki msjelobs sasa-
marTlo. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom am mxriv yuradRebas
ipyrobs dazaralebulad cnobil pirTa Cvenebebi, sadac
naTqvamia: z. al-ni eubneboda maT, rom nu geSiniaT, me
sxva drosac gamigzavnia gogonebi dubaiSio.
dazaralebulTa es Cveneba araa sakmarisi imis samtkice-
blad, rom z. al-ns marTlac gaugzavnia vinme dubaiSi, an
Tu gaugzavnia, es Cadenili iyo organizebul jgufTan er-
Tad. miT umetes araa sakmarisi imis samtkiceblad, rom es
qmedeba Cadenili iyo motyuebiT, muqariT da ssk-is 1431
-e
muxlSi mocemuli sxva xerxis gamoyenebiT (am xerxebis ga-
reSe ki 1431
-e muxlis Semadgenloba ar arsebobs).
amdenad, z. al-isa da n. x-Svilis qmedebaSi adamianiT
vaWrobis Semadgenlobis yvela niSani dadasturebulic
rom iyos, es danaSauli organizebuli jgufis mier Ca-
denilad mainc ver CaiTvleba. ganaCenSi ki yovelgvari
mtkicebulebis gareSe naTqvamia, rom danaSauli Cad-
enilia organizebuli jgufis mier.
es ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqos sasamarTloebi yvela
SemTxvevaSi ukritikod eTanxmebian qmedebis im kvali-
fikacias, rac mocemulia sabraldebo daskvnaSi.

312. 311
praqtikis SeswavliT davrwmundiT, rom rig SemTxveva-
Si sasamarTlo ar cnobs dadasturebulad danaSaulis
Cadenas organizebuli jgufis mier da am braldebas
savsebiT samarTlianad uxsnis gansasjels.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tbilisis saolqo sasamarT-
lis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa sasamarTlo kolegiis
mier 2005 wlis 31 oqtombers gamotanili ganaCeni (saqme
# 1/a_113) x. y-is mimarT, romelsac brali edeboda mas-
Si, rom man Caidina adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis
ganxorcieleba, agreTve adamianis gadayvana eqspluat-
aciis mizniT, ori piris mimarT, dazaralebulis saz-
RvargareT gayvaniT, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis
mier (masve brali daedo TaRliTobaSi, magram bralde-
bis es nawili amjerad CvenTvis araa saintereso).
sabraldebo daskvniT saqmis faqtobrivi garemoeba
mdgomareobda SemdegSi: 2004 wlis TebervalSi x. y-lma
TurqeTSi yofnisas TurqeTis moqalaqeebTan vinme
ad-sTan da warmoSobiT marneulel vinme ninosTan er-
Tad Seqmna organizebuli jgufi adamianebiT vaWrobis
ganzraxviT. am mizniT man winaswari garigebiT zemoT-
aRniSnuli pirebisagan aiRo 3000 aSS dolari, romlis
saSualebiT, motyuebiT saqarTvelodan TurqeTSi Caiy-
vana ramdenime axalgazrda gogona, romlebic TurqeT-
Si Caabara vinme ninos da mis meuRle alis, Tavad ki
dabrunda saqarTveloSi. zemoTaRniSnulma pirebma
gogonebs waarTves pasportebi da iaraRisa da fizikuri
ganadgurebis muqariT aiZulebdnen prostitucias,
Tanxas ki Tavad iRebdnen. 13 dRis Semdeg gogonebma
moaxerxes gamoparva da Turqi samarTaldamcavi orga-
noebis daxmarebiT dabrundnen saqarTveloSi.
sasamarTlomx.y-lzewardgenilibraldebaadamianebiT

313. 312
vaWrobis nawilSi dadasturebulad cno, magram mouxsna
mas braldeba ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-3 nawilis `a~ qve-
punqtiT, rogorc daudasturebeli da es daasabuTa
Semdegnairad: `marTalia, saqmeSi arsebobs dadgenile-
ba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvrisa da saqmis calke
warmoebad gamoyofis Sesaxeb gamoZiebiT daudgenel
vinme `adamas~, `ninos~, `ali~, `ieseminasa~ da sxvaTa mi-
marT (ix. t.I. s.f. 211-215), magram kolegiisTvis ucno-
bia saqmis Semdgomi samarTlebrivi Sedegi. braldebis
mxaris mier sasamarTlo procesze ar yofila warmod-
genili dasaxelebul pirTa mimarT raime konkretuli
saxis masalebi, romlebic daadasturbdnen x. y-elis mi-
marT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431
-e muxlis mesame
nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT wardgenil braldebas... amdenad,
sasamarTlo kolegia ver daeTanxmeba braldebis mxaris
moTxovnas x. y-elis damnaSaved cnobis Sesaxeb ssk-is
1431
-e muxlis mesame nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT, vinaidan
aRniSnulis damadasturebeli kanoniT dadgenili wes-
iT miRebuli raime mtkicebuleba ar yofila warmodge-
nili sasamarTlo procesze da aseTi ar moipoveba arc
winaswari gamoZiebis masalebSi. amasTan sasamarTlo
kolegiam ganixila konkretulad mxolod erTi piris x.
y-elis braldebis saqme.~
rogorc vxedavT, gansxvavebiT m. x-Svilis saqmisagan,
sadac sasamarTlom danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrad
CaTvala vinme al-ni (romlis vinaoba araa dadgenili), x.
y-elis saqmeze sasamarTlom ar CaTvala dadasturebu-
lad daudgenel pirTa (vinme `ninos~, `adamas~ da sxvaTa)
monawileoba adamianiT vaWrobaSi, rac udaod sworad
unda CaiTvalos.
aqve unda SevexoT erT sakiTxs. 2007 wlis 28 dekembris
zemoTxsenebul ganaCenSi m. x-Svils bralad edeba Tana-
monawileoba organizatoris saxiT yalbi oficialuri

314. 313
dokumentis damzadebaSi araerTgzis.
saqmis masalebiT dadginda Semdegi: m. x-Svilma daureka
m. J-as da uTxra, rom masTan mividoda misi megobari zoia
da miutanda or passports, sadac dabadebis TariRebi
unda gadaesworebina, rac m. J-am Seasrula da dapirebi-
samebr miiRo 50-50 aSS dolari.
vnaxoT, ramdenad sworad aris Sefasebuli m. x-Svilis
qmedeba, rogorc Tanamonawileoba organizatoris saxiT?
organizatoria is, vinc: a) moawyo danaSaulis Cadena; b)
xelmZRvanelobda mis ganxorcielebas; g) Seqmna orga-
nizebuli jgufi; d) xelmZRvanelobda am jgufs. m. x-
Svilis qmedebaSi ki arc erTi amaTgani ar ikveTeba. m. J-a
araa cnobili im danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrad, romlis
organizatorad miCneulia m. x-Svili. amdenad, is faqti,
rom x-Svilma mas daureka da ori pasportis gayalbeba
SesTavaza, ver CaiTvleba organizebad. x-Svili fuls da-
pirda m. J-as da amiT daiyolia dokumentis gayalbebaze.
amdenad, igi aris am danaSaulis wamqezebeli da ara or-
ganizatori. samwuxarod, aqac sasamarTlo ar asabuTebs,
Tu ratom misca man m. x-Svilis qmedebas am epizodSi or-
ganizatoris kvalifikacia. ismis kiTxva: kerZod, man
moawyo es danaSauli, Tu xelmZRvanelobda mas?
z. al-sa da m. x-Svils aseve Seracxuli aqvT adamianiT
vaWroba ori an meti piris mimarT.
Tavdapirvelad SevexoT Tavad am formulirebas: `ori
an meti piris mimarT~. ramdenad sworia igi mocemul Sem-
TxvevaSi?
gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi dadgenilad
aris miCneuli, rom z. al-sa da m. x-Svils surdaT ori

315. 314
piris gadayvana sazRvargareT. sxva mesame an meoTxe
piris mimarT msgavsi qmedeba saqmis masalebiT ar fiq-
sirdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki braldebaSi unda Caiwe-
ros: `adamianiT vaWroba ori piris mimarT~ da ara `ori
an meti piris mimarT~. marTalia, ssk-is 1431
-e muxliT
damamZimebeli garemoebaa `igive qmedeba, Cadenili ori
an meti piris mimarT~, magram aseTi redaqcia kanonm-
debelma SemogvTavaza imdenad, ramdenadac realobaSi
adamianiT vaWroba SeiZleba Cadenili iyos rogorc ori,
ise meti piris mimarTac.
aq SeiZleba moviyvanoT Sedareba ssk-is 109-e muxlis
me-3 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtTan _ mkvleloba ori an meti
pirisa. rodesac erTiani ganzraxviT Cadenilia ori
piris mkvleloba, mkvlels bralad unda Seeracxos `mkv-
leloba ori pirisa~ da ara `ori an meti pirisa~.
marTalia, es araa principuli sakiTxi, radgan amiT ar
icvleba qmedebis kvalifikacia, magram isic faqtia, rom
braldebis formulireba unda iyos zusti da yovelg-
vari zedmeti frazebisgan Tavisufali.
mivubrundeT ufro mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. kerZod,
sakiTxavia, iyo Tu ara am SemTxvevaSi es qmedeba Cadeni-
li ori piris mimarT?
cnobilia, rom `igive qmedeba, Cadenili ori an meti piris
mimarT~ aucileblad gulisxmobs erTiani ganzraxviT
Cadenil qmedebas. hqonda Tu ara amas adgili mocemul
SemTxvevaSi?
saqmis masalebiT dadginda, rom z. al-ma T. p-Svili da
n. x-Svili sxvadasxva dros gaicno da sxvadasxva dros
SesTavaza q. dubaiSi gamgzavreba prostituciaSi Casa-

316. 315
bmelad, razec Tanxmoba miiRo. magram es faqti srule-
biTac ar gamoricxavs imas, rom z. al-ni maT mimarT moq-
medebda erTiani ganzraxviT (kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT,
rom am saqmeSi aris sxva arsebiTi problema. kerZod,
araa dadasturebuli motyuebis faqti, rac aucilebe-
lia ssk-is 1431
-e muxliT qmedebis kvalifikaciisTvis,
magram es sxva sakiTxia da masze ukve vimsjeleT).
marTalia, adamianiT vaWroba damTavrebulia adamianis
gadabirebis momentidan, magram saqme isaa, rom am da-
naSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba moicavs ramdenime
alternatiul qmedebas: gadabirebas, gadayvanas, gada-
malvas da a.S. es imas niSnavs, rom nebismieri am qmede-
baTaganis Cadena sakmarisia danaSaulis damTavrebulad
cnobisTvis. amasTanave pirma SeiZleba Caidinos ramden-
ime alternatiuli qmedeba (magaliTad, gadabireba da
gadamalva). mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi z. al-
ns bralad Seracxuli aqvs rogorc gadabireba, ise ga-
dayvana (sazRvargareT). gadabirebis dros igi erTiani
ganzraxviT ar moqmedebda, radgan sxvadasxva dros
gacnobili gogonebi sxvadasxva dros gadaibira. Samagi-
erod, orive maTganis sazRvargareT gadayvana moaxdina
erTiani ganzraxviT, radgan orives man gaukeTa paspor-
ti da erTad gaamgzavra. amdenad, gadayvana moxda er-
Tiani ganzraxviT ori piris mimarT.
amdenad, Cadenil qmedebas am nawilSi swori kvalifika-
cia aqvs micemuli.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas gamoikveTa, rom
zogjer (ra Tqma unda, ara yovelTvis) arasworad esmiT
adamianiT vaWroba ori an meti piris mimarT, aseve ada-
mianiT vaWroba dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT.
am mxriv adgili aqvs Secdomebs gamoZiebis stadiaze,
rac SemdgomSi gasworebulia sasamarTlos mier.

317. 316
amis magaliTad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sa-
samarTlos 2006 wlis 29 ivnisis ganaCeni o. zv-is mimarT
(saqme # 1/1341-06), romelsac sabraldebo daskvniT
sxva qmedebebTan erTad brali edeboda masSic, rom man
Caidina motyuebiT adamianis gadayvana eqspluataciis
mizniT ori piris mimarT, dazaralebulis sazRvarga-
reT gayvaniT.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ori an meti piris mimarT da-
naSaulis Cadenas maSin aqvs adgili, Tu damtkicdeba,
rom damnaSave maT mimarT moqmedebda erTiani ganzrax-
viT. rac Seexeba adamianiT vaWrobas dazaralebulis
sazRvargareT gayvaniT, es unda gavigoT Semdegnairad:
a) piris (an pirTa) danaSaulebrivi qmedeba (magaliTad
gadabireba) unda daiwyos saqarTveloSi myofi (Tundac
droebiT mcxovrebi) piris mimarT. am dros mniSvnelo-
ba ar unda mieniWos imas, Tavad damnaSave fizikurad
saqarTveloSi imyofeba, Tu sazRvargareTidan axdens
zegavlenas adamianze; b) damnaSavem Tavad unda Seita-
nos wvlili adamianis sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaSi.
magaliTad, monawileoba miiRos gasamgzavrebeli doku-
mentebis SegrovebaSi (es iqneba materialuri saxsrebis
gaRebiT Tu sxvagvarad). anda Tavad unda gamoZebnos
transporti, gadaixados transportis xarjebi da a.S.
amasTan aucilebeli araa sazRvargareT gamgzavrebisas
igi Tavad axldes gadabirebul pirs, mTavaria, man uz-
runvelyos msxverplis gayvana sazRvargareT (swored
asea es sakiTxi gadmocemuli 2005 wlis evrosabWos kon-
venciaSi adamianiebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRm-
deg brZolos Sesaxeb.
rodesac saxezea winaswar SeTanxmebul pirTa jgufi,
maSin SesaZloa, es qmedebebi TiToeulma maTganma Cai-
dinos. magaliTad, erTma gadaibira, meorem _ sabuTebi

318. 317
gaumzada, mesamem gadaiyvana sazRvargareT. am SemTx-
vevaSi yvela maTgans unda Seeracxos adamianiT vaWroba
dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT.
Tu zemoTxsenebuli es ori piroba erTdroulad araa
saxeze, maSin adamianiT vaWroba ar CaiTvleba Cadenilad
dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT.
mivubrundeT o. zv-is saqmes. saqmis masalebiT gairkva,
rom TurqeTis moqalaqe vinme r. z-am, igive n. os-am da
misma Turqma meuRlem (romelTa vinaoba araa dadge-
nili), TurqeTSi gaicnes saqarTvelos moqalaqe i. m-ani
da SesTavazes meZavoba. Tanac dapirdnen, rom Tanxis
did nawils mas miscemdnen. am pirobiT Caabes prosti-
tuciaSi, magram bolos Sepirebuli Tanxa ar misces da
gamoamgzavres saqarTveloSi. r. z-a dapirda, rom kuT-
vnil Tanxas momavalSi gadauxdida. amis Semdeg r. z-am
TurqeTidan daureka i. m-ans da sTxova kvlav Camo-
suliyo TurqeTSi samuSaod, Tan im kuTvnili Tanxis
micemasac dapirda. i. m-anma Tavisi xarjebiT Seagrova
sabuTebi da gaemgzavra TurqeTSi, sadac r. z-am igi Ca-
keta da aiZulebda prostitucias, fuls ki Tavad iReb-
da. bolos m-ma moaxerxa gamoparva saqarTveloSi. amis
Semdeg sxva dros kidev daureka r. z-am i. m-ans da igi
kvlav Tavisi xarjebiT Cavida TurqeTSi im imediT, rom
miiRebda Sepirebul Tanxas, magram motyuebuli darCa
da kvlad gauwies eqspluatacia, saidanac sabolood
kvlav moaxerxa wamosvla. bolos 2005 wlis ianvarSi mas
kvlav daukavSirda r. z-a da kvlav SesTavaza TurqeTSi
Casvla viTomc samuSaoze mosawyobad. imavdroulad
sTxova sxva gogonebis Cayvanac, Tanac dapirda, rom
miexmareboda axali, yalbi pasportis aRebaSi, radgan
m-ans darRveuli hqonda sasazRvro reJimi da sakuTari
pasportiT ver gadakveTda sazRvars. yalbi pasportis

319. 318
dasamzadeblad r. z-am mas Caawerina o. zv-is telefonis
nomeri da Sepirda, rom igi daexmareboda mas yvela do-
kumentis damzadebaSi.
i. m-anma mimarTa samarTaldamcav organoebs gancxa-
debiT, riTac acnoba maT momxdaris Sesaxeb. daigegma
operatiuli RonisZieba da danaSaulebriv jgufSi Sey-
vanil iqna operatiuli TanamSromeli T. m-li. i. m-ani
da T. m-li Sexvdnen o. zv-s da sTxoves daxmareba yalbi
pasportis damzadebaSi, raSic zv-ma maT 1000-1000 aSS
dolari mosTxova. i. m-ma moimizeza ufuloba da sTxo-
va amjerad mxolod m-is daemzadebina pasporti. T. m-ma
zv-s gadasca sakontrolo SesyidvisTvis gamzadebuli
600 aSS dolari, xolo danarCens dapirda pasportis
damzadebis Semdeg. zv-i Tavis mxriv daukavSirda vinme
levans (romlis vinaoba daudgenelia), romelsac kav-
Siri hqonda sapasporto samsaxuris mrCevel i. p-SvilT-
an, romelmac daumzada T. m-s yalbi pasporti, romlis
m-ze gadacemisas isini daakaves.
rogorc vxedavT, arc erT epizodSi r. z-as ar mouxde-
nia m-is gadayvana sazRvargareT, radgan Tavdapirvelad
gadabireba da eqspluataciaSi Cabma moxda Tavad Turqe-
Tis respublikaSi. Semdgom epizodebSi ki r. z-a mxolod
urekavda mas TurqeTidan da sTxovda Casvlas. i. m-i ki
sakuTari xarjebiT amzadebda saWiro dokumentebs da
damoukideblad miemgzavreboda TurqeTSi.
zemoTmiTiTebul ganaCenSi sasamarTlom samarTlianad
moxsna braldebidan adamianiT vaWrobis damamZimebeli
garemoeba_sazRvargareTgayvaniT,TumcaundaiTqvas,
rom ar dausabuTebia, ratom miiRo es gadawyvetileba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, o. zv-s sabraldebo daskvniT brali
edeboda aseve adamianiT vaWrobaSi ori piris mimarT.
sasamarTlom mas es braldebac sruliad samarTlianad

320. 319
mouxsna, Tumca samwuxarod arc esaa dasabuTebuli gan-
aCenSi.
am SemTxvevaSi ori piris mimarT adamianiT vaWrobaze
saubaric ki zedmetia, radgan meore piri _ T. m-li ar
yofila am danaSaulis msxverpli da arcaa cnobili
aseTad (sxva sakiTxia, rom Tavad i. m-is mimarTac am
danaSaulis Cadena saqmis masalebiT araa dadasture-
buli, razec cota qvemoT gveqneba saubari). T. m-li iyo
policiis operatiuli TanamSromeli, romlis mizani
iyo danaSaulebrivi faqtis gamovlena. gamomdinare aqe-
dan, saqmeSi ar arsebobs ori msxverpli, rac aucilebe-
lia qmedebis am damamZimebeli garemoebiT kvalifikaci-
isTvis. amdenad, zedmetia saubari imaze, hqonda Tu ara
adgili qmedebis Cadenas erTiani ganzraxviT.
sabolood sasamarTlom o. zv-is qmedeba gadaakvali-
ficira ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis pirvel nawilze. kerZod
brali dasdo imaSi, rom man Caidina adamianis mimarT
ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve motyuebiT
adamianis gadayvana.
ismis kiTxva: vin gadaibira da gadaiyvana man motyue-
biT? ratom CaiTvala i. m-ni misi qmedebis msxverplad?
am kiTxvaze sabraldebo daskvnaSi arc erTi instanci-
is sasamarTlo ganaCenebSi (es saqme saapelacio wesiT
ganxilul iqna 2007 wlis 20 Tebervals _ saqme # 1/ b-
2068-06) araa pasuxi.
saqmis masalebiT dadgenilia, rom i. m-ni r. z-am gaicno
TurqeTSi da misi Turqi meuRlis daxmarebiT araerTx-
el Caaba igi prostituciaSi. o. zv-s am saqmeSi aranairi
monawileoba ar miuRia. m-s igi TvaliTac ar unaxavs.
maTi Sexvedra pirvelad moxda mxolod 2005 wlis ian-
varSi T. m-Tan erTad dagegmili operatiuli RonisZie-

321. 320
bis Sesabamisad. isic unda iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSic m-
nma moimizeza ra ufuloba, z-sTan saubrisas uari Tqva
sazRvargareTis pasportis damzadebaze da mas mxolod
m-sTvis sTxova am pasportis damzadeba, rac zv-ma sxva
piris meSveobiT Seasrula. xatovnad rom vTqvaT, m-ani
am SemTxvevaSi `gavida TamaSidan~.
maS, riT udasturebs sasamarTlo zv-s adamianiT
vaWrobas?
orive instanciis sasamarTlos amis mtkicebulebad
mohyavs i. m-is Cveneba, rom man 1997-98 wlebSi TurqeTSi
gaicno r. z-a, romelmac mas garkveuli gasamrjelos
safasurad sxeuliT vaWroba SesTavaza. r. z-a masTan
saubarSi xSirad axsenebda oTaris da eubneboda, rom
sanam oTari qalebs ar gamoagzavnida TurqeTSi, mana-
mde is aq unda yofiliyo. man r. z-gan icoda, rom oTari
saqarTvelodan qalebis gadmoyvanaSi exmareboda da
oTaris am saqmidan Tavisi wili mihqonda.
is faqti, rom sasamarTlo ZiriTadad eyrdnoba am Cven-
ebas, swored rom kuriozad unda CaiTvalos, radgan:
a) saqmeSi ar arsebobs imis utyuari mtkiceba, rom
vinme r. z-a namdvilad eubneboda amas i. m-s;
b) gamoZiebiT dadgenili araa z-as (anu nato os-as)
pirovneba. anu daudgenelia, arsebobs (an arsebobda)
Tu ara sinamdvileSi aseTi pirovneba;
g) magram es yvelaferi dadgenilic rom iyos, es ve-
ranairad daadasturebs imas, rom zv-ri monawileob-
da m-is eqspluataciaSi. igi SeiZleba monawileobda
viRac sxva gogonebis eqspluataciaSi, Tuki isini
marTlac Cahyavda TurqeTSi am ganzraxviT da amaSi
wilsac iRebda, magram sasamarTlom aseTi erTi faq-

322. 321
ti varaudis donezec ki ver daadgina.
d) sasamarTlos yuradReba ar miuqcevia im faqtisT-
vis, rom r. z-am m-s 1997-98 wlebSi SesTavaza sxeuliT
vaWroba da Caaba igi prostituciaSi. meored igi r. z-
sTan TurqeTSi Cavida daaxloebiT erTi wlis Semdeg
(e.i. 1999 wels). bolo Casvla moxda 2004 wels, magram
am dros igi Tavisi nebiT da sakuTari xarjiT Cavida.
ssk-is 1431
-e muxli ki sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi
SemoRebuliqna 2003 wlis 6 ivnisis kanoniT. e.i. mana-
mdeli qmedebebis am muxliT kvalifikacia SeuZlebe-
lia.
amdenad, saqmeSi ikveTeba mxolod eWvi, rom SesaZloa
zv-ri odesRac monawileobda daudgeneli pirebis eqs-
ploataciaSi.
sabolood ki gamovida ase: radgan gamoZiebam da sasa-
marTlom aseTi faqtebi zv-is mimarT ver daadgina da
ratomRac verc TurqeTSi mcxovrebi r. z-as pirovneba
daadgina (romlis meuRlis saxeli da gvaric cnobili
iyo), amitomac i. m-is eqspluataciisTvis pasuxisgebaSi
misca swored o. zv-i, romelsac aranairi Sexeba i. m-isa
da r. z-as arc erT etapze ar hqonia.
rac Seexeba i. m-is motyuebiT gadayvanisa da prostitu-
ciaSi Cabmis faqts, aqac unda iTqvas, rom sasamarTlom
ukritikod miiRo misi Cveneba, rom igi motyuebiT Caabes
prostituciaSi da Sepirebuli fulis gadauxdelad
gamouSves saqarTveloSi. sasamarTlos kritikulad
unda Seefasebina Tavad m-is Cveneba, romlis mixedvi-
Tac, igi samjer iyo TurqeTSi da aqedan orjer wavida
r. z-Tan sakuTari xarjebiT. Tuki igi r. z-am moatyua
erTxel, ratom wavida masTan meored? mesamed?
ganxilul saqmeSi aris sxva Secdomac. kerZod, o. zv-s

323. 322
bralad Seracxuli aqvs aseve yalbi pasportis damzade-
ba _ ssk-is 362-e muxli da es kvalifikacia ar Secvlila
arc erTi instanciis sasamarTlo ganaCeniT. saqme isaa,
rom zv-s Tavad ar daumzadebia yalbi pasporti, igi araa
am danaSaulis amsrulebeli. saqmis masalebiT dadginda,
rom igi daukavSirda vinme levans, romelic Tavis mxriv
daukavSirda sapasporto samsaxuris TanamSromel i. p-
Svils, romelmac daamzada es yalbi pasporti. amdenad,
zviadauri iyo samsaxurebrivi siyalbis (341-e muxli)
Tanamonawile, kerZod, damxmare. amitom misi qmedeba
unda dakvalificirdes ssk-is 25-e, 341-e muxliT da ara
362-e muxliT. sasamarTlom ki i. p-Svili pasuxisgebaSi
misca ssk-is 341-e muxliT _ samsaxurebrivi siyalbiT
(ix. Tbilisis gldani-naZaladevis raionuli sasamarT-
los 2005 wlis 11 Tebervlis ganaCeni _ saqme # 1/290-05),
rogorc am qmedebis amsrulebeli, xolo o. zv-i _ 362-e
muxliT, aseve rogorc amsrulebeli.
gamodis, rom es yalbi pasporti uSualod orives (p-
Svils da zv-s) daumzadebia maSin, roca z-urs pasportis
damzadebis procesTan araviTari Sexeba ar hqonia (da
verc eqneboda, radgan ar iyo saTanado organizaciis
TanamSromeli). sasamarTlos es kvalifikacia aSkarad
ewinaaRmdegeba ssk-is 25-e muxlis me-6 nawils, sadac
weria: iseT danaSaulSi TanamonawileobisTvis, romlis
amsrulebeli SeiZleba iyos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswineb-
uli Sesabamisi danaSaulis specialuri subieqti, pirs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba
rogorc organizators, wamqezebels an damxmares.
i. p-Svilis mier Cadenilia danaSauli (samsaxurebrivi
siyalbe), romlis amsrulebeli SeiZleba iyos mxolod
specialuri subieqti (moxele an masTan gaTanabrebuli
piri) da amdenad, o. zv-is qmedeba unda dakvalificird-

324. 323
es am danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobad (am SemTxvevaSi dax-
marebad).
sasamarTlo praqtikis gacnobiT tendenciis saxiT gam-
oikveTa Semdegi garemoeba: adamianiT vaWrobis msx-
verplTa didi nawili daxmarebisTvis mimarTavs ucxo
qveynis (umetesad, TurqeTis) xelisufalT da amxels
damnaSaveebs. amis Semdeg xdeba dazaralebulTa gadmoy-
vana saqarTveloSi, sadac iwyeba Zieba, magram sisxlis-
samarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi arasodes araa micemuli is
moqalaqe, romelic cxovrobs TurqeTSi. mis vinaobas
ratomRac ver adgenen. sisxlissamarTlebriv pasux-
isgebaSi aZleven mxolod im Tanamonawiles, romelic
cxovrobs saqarTveloSi. amdenad, adamianiT vaWrobis
ZiriTadi bude, ZiriTadi qmedebis saTave xeluxlebeli
rCeba, ris gamoc am kategoriis danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg
brZola Sedegiani ver iqneba.
adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg sisxlissamarTlebriv
brZolaSedegianiromiyos,saxelmwifoebmaufrometad
unda isargeblon saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobiT. amas-
Tan ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanili unda iyos e.w. daniS-
nulebis qveyanaSi moqmed pirTa mxilebaze.
rogoriaqmedebiskvalifikacia,rocasaxezeaerTdrou-
lad ramdenime damamZimebeli garemoeba, romlebic gaT-
valiswinebulia mocemuli normis (am SemTxvevaSi ssk-is
1431
-e muxlis) sxvadasxva nawilebSi, magaliTad, me-2,
me-3 da me-4 nawilebSi?
es sakiTxi problemuria ara marto sasamarTlo praq-
tikaSi, aramed doqtrinaSic. ganvixiloT igi ssk-is
1431
-e muxlis magaliTze.

325. 324
doqtrinaSi araa sadao, rom ama Tu im muxlis meore
nawili, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia igive qmedeba rome-
lime damamZimebeli garemoebiT (magaliTad, jgufurad)
Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs amave muxlis pirvel nawil-
sac, rogorc am danaSaulis ZiriTad Semadgenlobas.
amitom, roca saxezea romelime muxlis me-2 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli garemoeba, qmedebis
kvalifikacia unda moxdes am muxlis me-2 nawilis Ses-
abamisi qvepunqtiT. magaliTad, Tu Cadenilia adamianiT
vaWroba damnaSavisTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qa-
lis mimarT, qmedebis kvalifikacia moxdeba ssk-is 1431
-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis á`a~ qvepunqtiT (da ara 1-li da me-2
nawilis erTobliobiT). Cvens mier Seswavlil sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebze es sakiTxi sworadaa gagebuli da
sasamarTlo Secdomebi ar fiqsirdeba.
ufro sadaoa sakiTxi, roca erTdroulad saxezea am
muxlis me-2 da me-3, an me-3 da me-4, anda me-2, me-3 da me-4
nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli garemoe-
bebi. rogori unda iyos qmedebis kvalifikacia am SemTx-
vevaSi?
sainteresoa qarTvel swavlul iuristTa Sexeduleba
am problebaze. prof. o. gamyreliZis azriT (romelic
am sakiTxs ixilavs ssk-is 137-e muxlis magaliTze), mux-
lis pirveli nawili qmedebis zogadi Semadgenlobaa da
amitom ar SeiZleba misi erTobliobis wesiT dakvali-
ficireba amave muxlis me-2, me-3, me-4 da me-5 nawilebiT
aRweril SemadgenlobebTan. erTobliobiT SeiZleba da-
kvalificirdes 137-e muxlis mxolod me-2, me-3, me-4 da
me-5 nawilebiT aRwerili Semadgenlobebi68
.
68
ix. sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis komentari:
danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis Tavi XXII-XXIV, gamomc. `meridiani~, Tb., 2008,
gv. 30.

326. 325
amdenad, prof. o. gamyreliZe mxars uWers qmedebis er-
TobliobiT kvalifikacias roca piris qmedebaSi saxezea
muxlis me-2, me-3, me-4 an me-5 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli
damamZimebeli garemoebebi, magram gamoricxavs muxlis
pirvel nawilTan misi meore, mesame an sxva nawilebis er-
TobliobiT kvalifikacias.
sainteresoa am sakiTxze prof. g. naWyebias mosazreba.
isic mxars uWers qmedebis kvalifikacias erTobliobiT,
roca saxezea mocemuli muxlis ramdenime damamZime-
beli garemoeba, magram amave dros xazs usvams imas, rom
am dros xelovnurad iqmneba danaSaulTa erToblioba.
kerZod, igi wers: `amrigad, qurdoba, rogorc konkre-
tuli danaSaulis saxeoba SeiZleba praqtikulad ganx-
orcieldes misi konkretuli Semadgenlobis mixedviT,
magram kanonmdebeli sasjelis gamoyenebis interesbis
gamo qurdobas sam danaSaulad acxadebs. marTlac, Tu
magaliTad, pirma erTdroulad Caidina qurdoba mniS-
vnelovani zianiT da amave dros binaSi, sadgomSi an sxva
sacavSi SeRweviT, maSin qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes
177-e muxlis meore da mesame nawilebiT. maSasadame, sax-
ezea danaSaulTa erToblioba. magram ra vuyoT im faqts,
rom qurdoba erTi danaSaulia?... rogorc vxedavT, qur-
dobispraqtikuliCadenaxdebakonkretulSemadgenlo-
baTa Sesabamisad, xolo xsenebuli muxlis sam nawilad
dayofam da TiToeuli nawilis Sesabamisi sasjeliT aR-
Wurvam xelovnurad Seqmna danaSaulTa erTobliobis
SesaZlebloba, maSin, rodesac qurdoba arsebiTad erTi
danaSaulia. aseTi siZnele iqmneba Zarcvis, yaCaRobisa
da zogierTi sxva danaSaulisa da maTi Semadgenlobebis
mimarTebis sakiTxSic. magram saqme isaa, rom kanonmde-
beli am gzas adgas dasasjelis interesebis gamo da es
bunebrivicaa, Tumca am TvalsazrisiT kanonSemoqmede-
bis problema vrcel msjelobas moiTxovs...~69
69
ix. guram naWyebia, qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaci-

327. 326
rogorc vxedavT, erTdroulad ramdenime damamZime-
beli garemoebis arsebobisas qmedebis kvalifikaciis
sakiTxi metad problemuria ara marto Teoriuli, ar-
amed praqtikuli kuTxiTac.
vnaxoT, Tu rogoria sasamarTlo praqtika am mimarTe-
biT. swored aseT SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme Cven mier
ganxilul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi z. aloianis
mimarT, romelsac 2006 wlis 12 ivniss, Tbilisis saolqo
sasamarTlos ganaCeniT msjavri daedo ori an meti piris
mimarT adamianiT vaWrobaSi da sazRvargareT gayvanaSi.
2006 wlis 31 maisis redaqciiT ssk-is 1431
-e muxlSi es
damamZimebeli garemoebebi mocemuli iyo am muxlis me-2
nawilis `a~ qvepunqtSi da me-3 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtSi.
sasamarTlom misi qmedeba daakvalificira ssk-is 1431
-
e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebis Sesabamisi qvepunqtebis
erTobliobiT. aseve dakvalificirda m. x-Svilis qmede-
ba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier 2007 wlis 28
dekembris ganaCeniT.
aseTi kvalifikacia ar unda CaiTvalos sworad, radgan
igi qmnis ramdenime problemas. aqedan pirveli aris is,
rom aseTi kvalifikacia marTlac xelovnurad qmnis da-
naSaulTa erTobliobas, radgan erToblioba saxezea
mxolod maSin, roca piris erTi qmedebiT (idealuri er-
Toblioba) an ramdenime qmedebiT (realuri erToblio-
ba) ganxorcielebulia sxvadasxva danaSaulis Semadgen-
loba. meore problema ki ukavSirdeba sasjelis daniSv-
nas (razec aqve cota qvemoT gveqneba saubari). rogorc
Cans, es faqti gaiTvaliswina Cvenma kanonmdebelma da
Sesabamisi muxlebis imgvari redaqcia SemogvTavaza,
romliTac gamoricxa msgavsi SemTxvevbis danaSaulTa
erTobliobiT kvalifikacia. kerZod, ssk-is 1431
-e mux-
is zogadi Teoriis Sesavali, naw. pirveli, gamomc. `in-
teleqti~, Tb., 2000, gv. 84-85.

328. 327
lis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmede-
ba, Cadenili~ da ara `adamianiT vaWroba, Cadenili~ da
Semdeg CamoTvlilia qvepunqtebi. es imas niSnavs, rom
ara marto me-2 nawili moicavs pirvel nawils, rogorc
ZiriTad Semadgelobas, aramed yoveli momdevno nawili
TavisTavSi moicavs wina nawilebs. ase magaliTad, am
muxlis me-3 nawili moicavs 1-el da me-2 nawilebs; me-4
nawili ki _ 1-el, me-2 da me-3 nawilebs. am muxlis me-4
nawilSi es azri ufro dakonkretebulia, radgan misi
dispozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: `am muxlis pirvel, me-2
da me-3 nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba~ da Semdgom
CamoTvlilia qvepunqtebi.
aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos z. al-isa da m. x-Svi-
lis qmedeba unda daekvalificirebina ssk-is 1431
-e mux-
lis mxolod me-3 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT. maTze wardge-
nili braldebis formulirebaSi ki unda daefiqsirebi-
na orive damamZimebeli garemoeba (ori piris mimarT da
sazRvargareT gayvaniT).
ismis kiTxva: Tuki msgavs qmedebebs davakvalificirebT
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT, ratom niS-
navs es qmedebis kvalifikacias danaSaulTa erToblio-
biT, maSin roca faqtobrivad Cadenilia erTi danaSauli
_ adamianiT vaWroba?
aseTi kvalifikaciiT rom namdvilad iqmneba dana-
SaulTa erToblioba, es gamomdinareobs ssk-is me-16
muxlis pirveli nawilis redaqciidan, sadac weria: da-
naSaulTa erToblioba niSnavs am kodeqsis muxliT an
muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli ori an meti qmede-
bis Cadenas, romelTagan piri arc erTisTvis ar yofi-
la msjavrdebuli (realuri erToblioba). danaSaulTa
erTobliobad iTvleba agreTve iseTi qmedebis Cadena,

329. 328
romelic Seicavs am kodeqsis ori an meti muxliT an
muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa niSnebs
(idealuri erToblioba).
rogorc vxedavT, ssk-is me-16 muxlSi, sadac mocemu-
lia danaSaulis realuri da idealuri erTobliobis
cneba, kanonmdebeli sagangebod miuTiTebs ara marto
muxlebis erTobliobaze, aramed muxlis nawilebis er-
Tobliobazec. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu piris qmedebas
davakvalificirebT mocemuli muxlis ori sxvadasxva
nawiliT, es niSnavs imas, rom misi qmedeba dakvalificir-
da danaSaulTa erTobliobiT.
kvlav ismis kiTxva: mere da ra problemaa, Tuki qmedebis
kvalifikacia aseT SemTxvevaSi moxdeba danaSaulTa er-
TobliobiT?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad gamogvadgeba ssk-is 59-e
muxlis pirveli nawili, sadac mocemulia sasjelTa
daniSvnis wesi danaSaulTa erTobliobisas. kerZod, aq
naTqvamia: `danaSaulTa erTobliobis dros sasjeli in-
iSneba TiToeuli danaSaulisTvis da saboloo sasje-
lis daniSvnisas xdeba maTi Sekreba~ (adre moqmedi kano-
ni moiTxovda maT mTlian Sekrebas). sxva raime daTqma aq
ar fiqsirdeba. anu kanonmdebeli raime gamonakliss ar
awesebs idealuri erTobliobis dros sasjelis daniS-
vnisas. es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tuki qmedebas ssk-is 1431
-e
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebis erTobliobiT davakvali-
ficirebT, maSin sasjeli pirs cal-calke unda daeniS-
nos me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT da Semdeg unda moxdes maTi
Sekreba imis miuxedavad, saxezea realuri Tu idealuri
erToblioba. es aris 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis imper-
atiuli moTxovna. arada sasjelis amgvari wesiT daniS-
vna analogiur SemTxvevebSi ar iqneba samarTliani, rad-
gan, rogorc ukve vTqviT, Cadenilia erTi umarTloba

330. 329
_ adamianiT vaWroba. saTvalavSia misaRebi isic, rom
dReisTvis moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulTa er-
Tobliobisas sasjelTa STanTqmis wesi ar arsebobs.
swored es garemoeba gaiTvaliswina Cvenma kanonmde-
belma da ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis (aseve bevri sxva muxleb-
is) konstruqcia ise aago, rom yoveli momdevno nawili
(radgan igi iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba~) STanTqavs
wina nawilebs.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavdapirvelad, roca dRes moqme-
di sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ZalaSi Sevida, es sakiTxi
sakanonmdeblo doneze ar iyo saTanadod mogvarebuli.
amis dasturia ssk-is Sesabamisi muxlebis maSindeli re-
daqcia. ase magaliTad, ssk-is 177-e muxli Sedgeboda sami
nawilisgan da me-2 nawili iwyeboda sityvebiT: `igive
qmedeba~. xolo mesame nawilis dispoziciaSi naTqvami
iyo: `qurdoba, Cadenili~ (da ara `igive qmedeba, Cade-
nili~) da Semdeg CamoTvlili iyo Sesabamisi damamZime-
beli garemoebebi. es ki imas niSnavda, rom 177-e muxlis
me-3 nawili STanTqavda mxolod pirvel nawils, magram
ara meores.
igive mdgomareoba iyo ssk-is 178-e, 182-e, 1137-e, 138-e
da sxva muxlebSi. magram SemdgomSi kanonmdebelma
Secvala am muxlebis damamZimebel garemoebaTa redaq-
cia da yoveli axali damamZimebeli garemoeba daiwyo
sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba~, riTac xazi gausva imas, rom
yoveli Semdgomi damamZimebeli garemoeba STanTqavs
yvela winas da ara marto pirvel nawils, rogorc Ziri-
Tad Semadgenlobas. amitomac qmedebis kvalifikacia
nawilebis erTobliobiT araa saWiro. Tumca kvlav vime-
orebT imas, rom braldebis formulirebaSi unda dafiq-
sirdes uklebliv yvela makvalificirebeli garemoeba.
es aucilebelia, radgan:

331. 330
a) isini mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli sasjelis
Sefardebisas;
b)SesaZloa, sasamarTlom pirs mouxsnas braldeba
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (an me-4 nawiliT).
aseT SemTxvevaSi misi qmedeba advilad gadakvali-
ficirdeba amave muxlis me-2 nawilis (an me-3 naw.) im
qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli gare-
moebiT, rac dafiqsirebuli iyo braldebis formu-
lirebaSi.
igive viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme ssk-is sxva muxlebSic,
romelTa konstruqciac analogiuradaa agebuli. magal-
iTad, ssk-is 143-e, 177-e, 178-e, 179-e da sxva muxlebSi.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, es sakiTxi Tavidan ar iyo mogva-
rebuli sakanonmdeblo doneze da Semdeg mogvarda. amis
miuxedavad, unda iTqvas, rom sisxlis samarTlis kode-
qsSi mainc gvxvdeba iseTi muxlebi, romelic am Tvalsaz-
risiT redaqciulad gaumarTavia. magaliTad SeiZleba
davasaxeloT ssk-is 261-e, 262-e da 264-e muxlebi.
kerZod, ssk-is 261-e muxli Sedgeba oTxi nawilisagan.
pirveli da meore nawili erTmaneTisgan danaSaulis
sagniT gansxvavdeba (fsiqotropuli nivTiereba, Zli-
ermoqmedi nivTiereba). mesame da meoTxe nawilebSi ki
mocemulia damamZimebeli garemoebebi. amis miuxeda-
vad, me-4 nawilis dispozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: `am mux-
lis pirveli an me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmede-
ba, Cadenili~. rogorc vxedavT, aq araa dafiqsirebuli
me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, rac qmnis imis
STabeWdilebas, rom me-4 nawili moicavs pirvel da me-2
nawils, magram ar moicavs me-3 nawils. sinamdvileSi ki
ar arsebobs obieqturi safuZveli aseTi daskvnisTvis.
ratom ar arsebobs? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisTvis
unda movaxdinoT ssk-is 261-e da 260-e muxlebis Se-
dareba. am or muxls Soris gansxvaveba mxolod dana-

332. 331
Saulis saganSia (260-e muxlSi sagani aris narkotikuli
nivTiereba, misi analogi, prekursori), danaSaulis Se-
madgenlobis sxva niSani ki erTmaneTs emTxveva. ssk-is
260-e muxli sam nawiliania da redaqciulad isea age-
buli, rom yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs winas.
amave dros 260-e muxli ufro mZime danaSaulia (igi aris
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli), vidre 261-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli (igi naklebad mZime da-
naSaulia). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu gansakuTrebiT mZime
danaSaulis yoveli momdevno damamZimebeli garemoeba
moicavs winas, SeuZlebelia igive Sinaarsis naklebad mZ-
ime danaSaulis (rogorc vTqviT, isini mxolod danaSau-
lis sagniT gansxvavdebian) yovelma momdevno damamZime-
belma garemoebam ar moicvas wina garemoeba da qmedebis
kvalifikacia moxdes nawilebis erTobliobiT.
amdenad, qmedebis ssk-is 161-e muxliT kvalifikaciisas
me-3 da me-4 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli
garemoebebis arsebobisas, kvalifikacia unda moxdes
am muxlis me-4 nawiliT (da ara me-3 da me-4 nawilis er-
TobliobiT). amdenad, ssk-is 261-e muxlis me-4 nawilis
dasawyisi redaqciul daxvewas moiTxovs. kerZod, mas
unda Caematos sityvebi: `an mesame nawiliT’.
am TvalsazrisiT unda ganvixiloT ssk-is 262-e da 264-e
muxlebis redaqciac.
ssk-is 262-e da 264-e muxlebi (Sesabamisad, saqarTvelo-
Si narkotikuli saSualebis ukanono Semotana, gatana
an tranzitiT saerTaSoriso gadazidva; narkotikuli
saSualebis marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTreba an gamo-
Zalva) dReisTvis Sedgeba oTxi nawilisgan. me-2 nawili
iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba, Cadenili~. xolo am
muxlebis me-3 nawilis dasawyisi ki formulirebulia

333. 332
Semdegnairad: `am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-
iswinebuli qmedeba, Cadenili~. aqac, iseve, rogorc ssk-
is 261-e muxlis SemTxvevaSi, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom
me-3 nawili moicavs am muxlis mxolod pirvel nawils,
magram ar moicavs mis me-2 nawils, rac yovelgvar logi-
kas moklebulia.
ratom moxda ase?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema advili iqneba, Tu SevadarebT
ssk-is 262-e da 264-e muxlebis redaqcias im redaqcia-
sTan, rac arsebobda am kodeqsis (1999 wlis 22 ivliss
miRebuli kodeqsis) ZalaSi Sesvlisas. kerZod, maSin es
muxlebi Sedgeboda sami nawilisgan da is damamZimebeli
garemoebebi, rac dRes me-3 nawilSia mocemuli (samsax-
urebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT; araerTgzis; imis
mier, visac winaT Cadenili aqvs kodeqsis am TaviT gaT-
valiswinebuli romelime danaSauli), gaTvaliswinebu-
li iyo am muxlebis me-2 nawilSi. 2006 wlis 28 aprilis
kanonis mixedviT am muxlebma ganicada cvlileba da
oTxnawiliani gaxda. kerZod, me-2 nawils CamoSorda zo-
gierTi damamZimebeli garemoeba da gadatanil iqna me-3
nawilSi. xolo me-3 nawilSi arsebuli damamZimebeli ga-
remoeba gadavida me-4 nawilSi. amdenad, me-2 nawilidan
Seiqmna me-3 nawili, magram meore nawilis dispoziciis
dasawyisis formulireba gauazreblad da meqanikurad
iqna gadatanili me-3 nawilis dispoziciis dasawyisSi.
kerZod, me-3 nawilSic meqanikurad Caweres: `am muxlis
pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, Cadenili~.
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ssk-is 262-e da 264-e mux-
lebis me-3 nawilis dispoziciis dasawyisi aris amave
muxlebis me-2 nawilebis redaqciis zegavleniT miRebu-
li `CarCenili~ varianti, rac unda gaswordes.

334. 333
aqve unda iTqvas Semdegi: Cveni es mtkiceba ise ar unda
gavigoT, TiTqos saerTod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
muxlebSi yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs mis wina
nawils. Cvens kodeqsSi aris araerTi muxli, romelic
Sedgeba ramdenime nawilisgan, magram momdevno nawili
ar STanTqavs winas. magaliTad, ssk-is 131-e muxli (Sid-
sis Seyra) Sedgeba oTxi nawilisgan, saidanac muxlis
me-2 nawili (sxvisTvis Sidsis ganzrax Seyra), rogorc
Sedegiani danaSauli, STanTqavs 1-el nawils (sxvisT-
vis Sidsis ganzrax Seyris safrTxis Seqmna), rogorc
safrTxis deliqts, radgan igulisxmeba, rom sanam pirs
sxvisi qmedebiT Sidsi Seeyreba, manamde mas amave qmedeb-
iT (magaliTad, sqesobrivi kavSiriT) eqmneba misi Seyris
safrTxe.
sul sxva viTarebaa amave muxlis me-3 nawilis mimarT
(sxvisTvis Sidsis gaufrTxileblobiT Seyra profe-
siuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas). gansxvavebiT am mux-
lis 1-eli da me-2 nawilebisagan, me-3 nawili aris gau-
frTxilebeli danaSauli, amitom igi ar STanTqavs am
muxlis pirveli nawils (ganzrax safrTxis Seqmnas) da
miT umetes arc me-2 nawils (Sidsis ganzrax Seyras). es
imas niSnavs, rom Tu medicinis muSakis gaufrTxilebel
qmedebas Sedegad ar mohyva Sidsis Seyra, misi qmedeba ar
dakvalificirdeba ssk-is 131-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT,
radgan aq aucilebelia ganzraxva safrTxis mimarT. med-
icinis muSakis aseTi gaufrTxilebeli qmedeba (Sedegis
gareSe) mxolod disciplinuri gadacdomaa.
am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxis gadawyveta SedarebiT advilia,
radgan 131-e muxlis 1-el da me-2 nawilSi saqme gvaqvs
ganzrax danaSaulTan, xolo me-3 nawilSi _ gaufrTx-
ilebel danaSaulTan. magram Cvens sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi gvaqvs iseTi muxlebi, romlebic ramdenime

335. 334
nawilisgan Sedgeba. yvela maTgani ganzraxi danaSau-
lia, magram amis miuxedavad, muxlis momdevno nawili ar
STanTqavs wina nawils. saamisod gamodgeba ssk-is 2271
-e
da 2272
-e muxlebi.
ssk-is 2271
-e muxli (wylis xomaldis naosnobisTvis sa-
SiSroebis Seqmna) xuTi nawilisgan Sedgeba da yvela maT-
gani ganzraxi danaSaulia. Sesabamisad, 2272
-e muxli sam
nawiliania da yvela maTgani ganzraxi danaSaulia. ufro
metic, yovel momdevno nawilSi sanqcia sagrZnoblad
mkacrdeba. yovelive amis miuxedavad, am muxlebis mom-
devno nawilebi ar STanTqavs mis wina nawils. ase magal-
iTad, 2271
-e muxlis 1-eli nawili gulisxmobs wylis
xomaldisTvis ganzrax cru informaciis gadacemas, ri-
Tac saSiSroeba eqmneba wylis xomaldis naosnobas (konk-
retuli safrTxis deliqti). amave muxlis me-2 nawili _
wylis xomaldze myofi piris winaaRmdeg ganxorciele-
buli Zaladoba an Zaladobis muqara, riTac SeiZleba
safrTxe Seeqmnas wylis xomaldis naosnobas (aseve konk-
retuli safrTxis deliqti), marTalia, ufro mkacri
sanqciiTaa aRWurvili, magram igi mainc ar STanTqavs
pirvel nawils. amis mizezi araa is, rom me-2 nawilis dis-
pozicia ar iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba~. amis mizezi
sxvaa. kerZod, am muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs
sruliad sxva qmedebas (xomaldisTvis ganzrax cru in-
formaciis gadacemas), xolo amave muxlis me-2 nawili ki
aseve sxva qmedebas (xomaldze myofi piris winaaRmdeg
Zaladoba an Zaladobis muqara). am qmedebaTa Semadgen-
loba Tavisi arsiT sruliad gansxvavebulia, isini araa
dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, meore qmedeba araa pirve-
lis (cru informaciis gadacemis) logikuri gagrZele-
ba, maT erTmaneTTan ara aqvT logikuri kavSiri, maTi
ganxorcieleba erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad xdeba.
kerZod, xomaldze myofi piris winaaRmdeg Zaladobis

336. 335
an muqaris ganxorcielebisTvis araa saWiro winaswar am
xomaldisTvis cru informaciis gadacema. amdenad, aq
saxezea mocemuli danaSaulis sxvadasxva Semadgenloba,
romlebsac ara aqvT logikuri kavSiri erTmaneTTan.
amitom Tuki Cadenilia am muxlis rogorc pirveli, ise
me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, kvalifikacia
unda mixdes pirveli da me-2 nawilTa erTobliobiT.
igive iTqmis ssk-is 2271
-e muxlis me-3 nawilze _ saz-
Rvao-sanavigacio danadgaris dazianeba an maTi funq-
cionirebisTvis xelis SeSla, riTac saSiSroeba eqmneba
wylis xomaldis naosnobas. es qmedeba Tavis TavSi ar
moicavs am muxlis arc 1-li da arc me-2 nawiliT gaT-
valiswinebul qmedebebs, radgan igi araa maTi logikuri
gagrZeleba _ misi Cadena damoukideblad SesaZlebelia.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, am qmedebebis Cadena erTmaneTis-
gan damoukideblad xdeba. es qmedebebi TavianTi arsiT
sruliad gansxvavebulni arian. maT saerTo aqvT mxolod
is, rom safrTxes uqmniansisxlis samarTlisdacvis erTi
da igive obieqts (wylis xomaldis naosnobas).
igive viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme ssk-is 2272
-e muxlSi.
amdenad, imis gasarkvevad, muxlis momdevno nawili
STanTqavs Tu ara winas, unda vixelmZRvaneloT ara mar-
to imiT, iwyeba Tu ara momdevno nawilis dispozicia si-
tyvebiT: `igigve qmedeba~, anda imis garkveviT, aris Tu
ara momdevno nawilis sanqcia ufro mkacri, aramed imis
garkveviTac, aris Tu ara momdevno nawilSi mocemuli
qmedeba wina qmedebis logikuri gagrZeleba (magali-
Tad, muxlis me-3 nawili xom araa me-2 nawilis logikuri
gagrZeleba).
aqedan gamomdinare, unda davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos

337. 336
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi SesaZloa gvqondes iseTi
normebi, romlebic ramdenime nawilisgan Sesdgeba da
yoveli momdevno STanTqavs winas imis miuxedavad, rom
momdevno nawilis dispozicia ar iwyeba sityvebiT: `ig-
ive qmedeba~. amis magaliTad gamodgeba ssk-is 236-e mux-
li, romlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebulia sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba cecxlsasroli (da
sxva iaraRis) marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenisa da Senax-
visTvis. amave muxlis me-2 nawiliT ki _ cecxlsasroli
iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego tarebisTvis.
imis miuxedavd, rom am muxlis me-2 nawili ar iwyeba si-
tyvebiT: `igive qmedeba~, igi mainc STanTqavs pirveli
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas _ cecxlsasroli
iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenas an Senaxvas. am-
denad, roca damtkicdeba, rom piri marTlsawinaaRm-
degod atarebda iaraRs, es qmedeba TavisTavSi moicavs
am iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenasac, aseve Senax-
vasac, radgan iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego tareba aris
misi SeZenis logikuri gagrZeleba (jer unda SeiZino,
rom ataro). rac Seexeba tarebas, igi TavisTavSi moicavs
Senaxvasac (rogor atareb rames, Tu igi sadme – jibeSi,
CanTaSi an sxvagan ara gaqvs Senaxuli?). miTiTebuli
qmedebebi dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan. e.i. iaraRis
marTlsawinaaRmdego tarebas, rogorc wesi, win uZRvis
misi marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena. xolo Senaxva, masSi
TavisTavad igulisxmeba.
amdenad, qmedebis kvalifikacia am SemTxvevaSi unda
moxdes mxolod ssk-is 236-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT (da
ara pirveli da me-2 nawilebis erTobliobiT). ssk-is
236-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi sityvebi: `igive qmedeba~ gra-
matikulad ver Cajdeba da swored redaqciuli moux-
erxeblobis gamo kanonmdebelma uari Tqva masze (yov-

338. 337
lad gaumarTavi iqneboda 236-e muxlis aseTi redaqcia:
pirveli nawili _ `iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi SeiZleba Segxvdes gamonaklisi
SemTxveva, roca iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego tare-
bas ar uZRvis misi SeZena an Senaxva. magaliTad, a-m amx-
anag b-s, romelic quCaSi manqaniT seirnobda, gadasca
SefuTuli nivTi, droebiT Sesanaxad da SeuTanxmda,
rom dRis bolos miakiTxavda saxlSi da ukan gamoarT-
mevda. b-a ramdenime saaTis Semdeg SemTxveviT naxa, rom
es nivTi cecxlsasroli iaraRi iyo. igi mixvda, rom a-s
undoda mosalodneli pasuxismgeblobisgan Tavis daR-
weva, radgan im dros quCaSi gaZlierebuli patrulireba
mimdinareobda. man amis miuxedavad, ar Caabara es iara-
Ri saTanado organoebs da arc gadaagdo sadme, aramed
gaagrZela manqaniT moZraoba. aq saxezea iaraRis marTl-
sawinaaRmdego tareba, magram mas win ar uZRvis misi mar-
TlsawinaaRmdego SeZena, radgan b-s Tavidan ar hqonda
gacnobierebuli, rom amxanagma mas iaraRi gadasca.
aseTiSemTxvevebiaratipuriadaamgvariyuriTmoTreu-
li kazusebisTvis kanonmdebeli ar qmnis sisxlissa-
marTlebriv normas. sisxlissamarTlebrivi norma iqm-
neba tipuri SemTxvevebisTvis, romelsac mowesrigeba
sWirdeba.
garda amisa, aq mxedvelobaSia misaRebi sxva garemoebac.
kerZod:ssk-is236-emuxliTgaTvaliswinebuliaerTiani
danaSauli alternatiuli qmedebebiT. anu am muxlis
pirvel, meore da mesame nawilSi mocemulia alternati-
uli qmedebebi, romlebic kanonmdebels SeeZlo am mux-
lis pirvel nawilSi gaeTvaliswinebina ise, rogorc amas
adgili aqvs narkotikuli danaSaulTa TavSi (260-e da
261-e muxlebi) da daewesebina erTiani sasjeli. vinaid-
an 236-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis sagani

339. 338
aris mometebuli safrTxis wyaro (zogierTi maTgani ki
mravaljeradi gamoyenebisaa), kanonmdebelma es alter-
natiuli qmedebebi TavianTi saSiSroebis xarisxis mixed-
viT 236-e muxlis sxvadasxva nawilebSi gadaajgufa da
gansxvavebuli sanqcia dauwesa. Aamdenad, am qmedebebze
sasjelis dakisreba kanonmdebelma ar miando sasamarT-
los (rogorc amas adgili aqvs ssk-is 260-e muxlSi). Aase
magaliTad, iaraRis tarebisTvis muxlis me-2 nawiliT
ufro mkacri sanqciaa dawesebuli, vidre misi SeZenisa
da SenaxvisaTvis. Aaseve iaraRis gasaRebisTvis (me-3 naw.)
_ ufro mkacri sanqcia, vidre misi tarebisTvis.
amdenad, 236-e muxlis dayofa sam nawilad ar niSnavs
imas, rom aq saxezea danaSaulis sxvadasxva Semadgenlo-
ba, aramed aq saxezea erTiani danaSauli alternatiuli
qmedebebiT (erTi da igivea danaSaulis sagani, misi am-
srulebeli da sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti).
Aamitom muxlis yoveli momdevno nawili (pirveli, ,eore
da mesame) moicavs zeda nawilebs da saWiro araa qmede-
bis kvlifikaciisas yvela nawilze miTiTeba.
Tuki guldasmiT SeviswavliT saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlebs,
iseT SemTxvevebsac aRmovaCenT, roca muxli Sedgeba
ramdenime nawilisgan, amasTan yoveli momdevno nawili
aris misi gansakuTrebiT damamZimebeli garemoeba da
amis miuxedavad es gansakuTrebiT damamZimebeli ga-
remoeba STanTqavs mxolod mocemuli muxlis pirvel
nawils, magram ara danarCen nawilebs. amis magaliTad
gamogvadgeba ssk-is 137-e da 138-e muxlebi, romlebic
xuT-xuTi nawilisgan Sedgeba. amasTanave me-2, me-3 da
me-4 nawilebis dispozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive
qmedeba~, xolo me-5 nawilis dispozicia ki formuli-
rebulia Semdegnairad: `gaupatiureba, imisa, visac ar

340. 339
Sesrulebia 14 weli~ (ssk-is 137-e muxlis me-5 nawili) da
Sesabamisad: `seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi mo-
qmedeba, Cadenili imis mimarT, visac ar Sesrulebia 14
weli~ (ssk-is 138-e muxlis me-5 nawili).
ratom SemogvTavaza kanonmdebelma am muxlebis me-5
nawilebSi aseTi formulireba? aq xom Tavisuflad Sei-
Zleboda Caweriliyo: `igive qmedeba, Cadenili ToTxmet
wels miuRwevlis mimarT~? (iseve, rogorc es mocemulia
am muxlebis me-3 nawilis `d~ qvepunqtSi _ `igive qmede-
ba, arasrulwlovnis mimarT~)?
saqme isaa, rom kanonmdebelma 137-e da 138-e muxlebis
me-5 nawilebis amgvari redaqciiT gamoxata Tavisi neba,
rom mcirewlovnis gaupatiureba STanTqavs 137-e mux-
lis mxolod pirvel nawils, magram ara danarCenebs.
amitom Tuki mcirewlovnis gaupatiurebas Tan axlavs
am muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli sxva damamZimebeli gare-
moeba (magaliTad, igi Cadenilia jgufurad), qmedebis
kvalifikacia unda moxdes 137-e muxlis me-3 nawilis
`a~ qvepunqtiTa da me-5 nawilebis erTobliobiT (igivea
138-e muxlTan mimarTebaSic). rogorc Cans, kanonmde-
belma mcirewlovnis mimarT ZaladobiTi sqesobrivi da-
naSauli imdenad saSiS qmedebad CaTvala, rom ramdenime
damamZimebeli garemoebis arsebobisas mizanSewonilad
miiCnia aseTi SemTxvevebis gansakuTrebuli simkacriT
dasja (sasjelis daniSvna danaSaulTa erTobliobis
wesiT).
rasakvirvelia, aseTi kvalifikaciiT xelovnurad iqmne-
ba danaSaulTa erToblioba, radgan gaupatiureba erTi
danaSaulia (erTiani umarTlobaa), ramdeni damamZime-
beli garemoebac ar unda axldes mas, magram sasamarTlo
ver gadaabijebs kanonmdeblis nebas, romelic am SemTx-

341. 340
vevaSi araorazrovnadaa gamoxatuli. Teoriul planSi
ki am sakiTxze dava ar iqneba azrs moklebuli.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi gansakuTrebiT saintere-
soa ganzraxi danaSaulis iseTi Semadgenlobebi, rom-
lebic ramdenime nawiliania da amasTanave yovel nawils
mosdevs Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli Semadgen-
loba. aseTia ssk-is 117-e muxli (janmrTelobis ganzrax
mZime dazianeba), romelic rva nawilisgan Sedgeba. aqe-
dan, yoveli momdevno nawili (me-2, me-4, me-6 da me-8 naw.)
kvalificirebulia Tanamdevi SedegiT, rac formuli-
rebulia Semdegnairad: `igive qmedeba, ramac gamoiwvia
sicocxlis mospoba~. am Sedegis mimarT igulisxmeba
gaufrTxilebloba. am muxlis me-3, me-5, me-7 nawilebSi
ki mocemulia janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebis
damamZimebeli garemoebebi (kvalificiuri Semadgenlo-
ba). amasTan am nawilebis dispoziciis dasawyisi formu-
lirebulia Semdegnairad: `janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime
dazianeba, Cadenili~ (da ara `igive qmedeba, Cadenili~).
aseT viTarebaSi ismis kiTxva: xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom
ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-3, me-5 da me-7 nawilebi moicavs
am muxlis mxolod pirvel nawils (rogorc ZiriTad Se-
madgenlobas), magram me-5 nawili ar moicavs aseve me-3
nawils, anda me-7 nawili ar moicavs me-3 da me-5 nawils?
sxavgvarad rom vTqvaT, xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom Tuki
adgili eqneba janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebas,
rac Cadenilia sxvadasxva damamZimebel garemoebebSi
(magaliTad, mZevlad xelSi CagdebasTan dakavSirebiT,
jgufurad da araerTgzis) qmedeba unda davakvali-
ficiroT ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-3, me-5 da me-7 nawilebis
Sesabamisi qvepunqtebiT?
am kiTxvas Semdegi pasuxi unda gaeces: ssk-is 117-e mux-

342. 341
lis yoveli is momdevno damamZimebeli garemoeba, rac
Cadenilia ganzrax, moicavs im wina damamZimebel ga-
remoebas, rac aseve ganzraxaa Cadenili. kerZod, me-3
nawili moicavs pirvels; me-5 nawili _ pirvelsa da me-
sames; me-7 nawili _ pirvels, mesamesa da mexuTes. gan-
saxilvel normaSi damamZimebeli garemoebebi imitom
ar iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba~, rom aseT SemTx-
vevaSi igi STanTqavda zemoT mocemul gaufrTxilebel
Sedegsac (sicocxlis mospobas), rac ar iqneboda gama-
rTlebuli, radgan Tuki sikvdili gamoiwvia me-3 nawil-
iT gaTvaliswinebul damamZimebel garemoebaSi Cade-
nilma janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebam, qmedeba
unda dakvalificirdes ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-4 nawiliT
(da ara me-3 nawiliT).
amdenad, ssk-is 117-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli ramden-
ime damamZimebeli garemoebis arsebobisas qmedeba unda
dakvalificirdes yvelaze mZime damamZimebeli nawilis
Sesabamisi qvepunqtiT, xolo braldebis formulire-
baSi ki unda dafiqsirdes rogorc ZiriTadi Semadgen-
loba, ise yvela damamZimebeli dagemoeba.
sabolood, zemoTganxiluli SemTxvevebi SeiZleba davy-
oT ramdenime jgufad:
1. roca ssk-is kerZo nawilis mocemuli muxlis yoveli
momdevno nawili STanTqavs winas, radgan maTi dis-
pozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba, Cadenili~;
2. yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs winas imis miuxe-
davad, rom igi ar iwyeba sityvebiT: `igive qmedeba~,
radgan yoveli momdevno nawiliT gaTvaliswinebu-
li qmedeba aris am wina nawilSi mocemuli qmedebis
logikuri gagrZeleba;
3. muxlis momdevno nawili ar STanTqavs winas, radgan

343. 342
es qmedebebi Cadenilia bralis sxvadasxva formiT
(magaliTad, me-2 nawilis qmedeba ganzraxia, xolo
me-3 nawilisa _ gaufrTxilebeli), anda imitom, rom
momdevno nawilSi mocemulia privilegiuri Semad-
genloba (am danaSaulis Semamsubuqebeli garemoe-
ba);
4. marTalia, momdevno nawili moicavs am danaSaulis
gansakuTrebiT damamZimebel garemoebas, magram amis
miuxedavad, igi ar STanTqavs mis wina nawilebs, igi
STanTqavs muxlis mxolod pirvel nawils, rogorc
am danaSaulis ZiriTad Semadgenlobas (ssk-is 137-e
muxlis me-5 n.awili);
5. yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs wina nawilebis
mxolod im Semadgenlobas, romelic Cadenilia gan-
zrax (magaliTad, ssk-is 117-e muxli).
mivubrundeTz.al-isadam.x-Svilissaqmes.sainteresoa,
rogori wesiT dauniSna maT sasjeli sasamarTlom?
z. al-ns, romlis mimarT ganaCeni dadga 2006 wlis 12
ivniss, ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~ da `e~ qvepun-
qtiT miesaja Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 8 wliT. xolo amave
muxlis me-3 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT _ Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa 12 wliT.
sabolood ssk-is 59-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sa-
samarTlom gamoiyena STanTqmis principi (romelic ma-
Sin jer kidev ar iyo gauqmebuli) da sabolood mosaxde-
lad ganusazRvra Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 12 wliT.
rac Seexeba m. x-Svils, mis mimarT ganaCeni dadga 2007
wlis 28 dekembers, roca sasjelTa STanTqmisa da nawi-
lobriv Sekrebis wesi ukve gauqmebuli iyo. sasamarT-
lom, romelmac qmedeba daakvalificira 1431
-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawilebis erTobliobiT, sasjeli Seufarda

344. 343
mxolod me-3 nawiliT da miusaja T. a. 13 wlis vadiT (ig-
ive wesiT daeniSna sasjeli g. g-Zes, romelsac Tbili-
sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier 2007 wlis 19 Tebervals
msjavri daedo ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT, 239-e
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT. kerZod, 239-e muxlis mi-
marT sasamarTlos orive nawilisTvis erTiani sasjeli
daniSna _ saqme # 1/6060-06).
es ganaCeni samarTliania, magram araa kanonieri. samar-
Tliania im TvalsazrisiT, rom erTi umarTlobisTvis
sasjeli araa daniSnuli danaSaulTa erTobliobis wes-
iT da igi araa Sekrebili. ganaCeni araa kanonieri, radgan
ar Seesabameba ssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis moTx-
ovnas, romlis mixedviTac danaSaulTa erTobliobis
dros (am SemTxvevaSi qmedeba danaSaulTa erTobliobiT
iyo dakvalificirebuli) sasjeli iniSneba TiToeuli
danaSaulisTvis da saboloo sasjelis daniSvnisas xde-
ba maTi Sekreba.
rogorc vxedavT erT saqmeSi monawile sxvadasxva gan-
sasjelis mimarT sasjelebis daniSvna moxda sxvadasxva
wesiT (z. al-s igi daeniSna 1431
-e muxlis rogorc me-2, ise
me-3 nawilebiT, xolo m. x-Svils mxolod me-3 nawiliT)
da es moxda imis gamo, rom adgili ar hqonoda sasjelis
xelovnurad gabervas. sasamarTlo iZulebuli gaxda
daerRvia ssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis moTxovna.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, momavalSic rom ar eqnes ad-
gili msgavs SemTxvevas da daniSnuli sasjeli iyos
rogorc samarTliani, aseve kanonieri, gamosavali aris
erTi: aseT SemTxvevaSi qmedebis kvalifikacia unda
moxdes muxlis mxolod im nawiliT, romelic iTval-
iswinebs yvelaze mkacr sasjels. Tu am wess davicavT,
xelovnurad ar Seiqmneba danaSaulTa erToblioba da

345. 344
sasamarTlos ar mouwevs sasjelis daniSvna ssk-is 59-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis moTxovnis gverdis avliT (ar
mouwevs kanonis darRveva).
problemuria sakiTxi: riT gansxvavdeba adamianiT
vaWroba (1431
-e muxli) prostituciaSi Cabmisagan (253-e
muxli)? sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT gamovlinda
SemTxveva, rodesac prostituciaSi Cabma Sefasebulia
rogorc adamianiT vaWroba. kerZod:
2006 wlis 10 agvistos Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
ganaCeniT (saqme # 1/4263-06) z. m-is mimarT dadgenilad
da dadasturebulad iqna miCneuli, rom man Caidina
ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT da 373-e muxlis
me-2 nawiliT (magram es ukanaskneli braldeba CvenTvis
saintereso araa da mas ar SevexebiT) gaTvaliswineb-
uli danaSauli. kerZod, adamianiT vaWroba (trefik-
ingi), rac gamoixata adamianis mimarT ukanono garige-
bis ganxorcielebaSi iZulebiT, SantaJiT, motyuebiT,
adamianis gadabireba eqspluataciis mizniT, aseve da-
naSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb cru dasmena, rac gamoixata
SemdegSi: z. m-i kanonier qorwinebaSi iyo n. k-SvilTan.
maT hyavdaT ori Svili. 1997 wels man gadawyvita, pros-
tituciaSi Caeba misi meuRle da am saqmianobidan miRe-
buli SemosavliT erCina ojaxi. es ganzraxva man gaando
meuRles, romelmac Tavi Seuracxyofilad igrZno da
or mcirewlovan SvilTan erTad sacxovreblad gada-
vida dedasTan. igi oTxi Tvis Semdeg dabrunda saxlSi im
imediT, rom meuRle ar aiZulebda mas meZavobas.
z. m-ma saxlSi dabrunebuli meuRle motyuebiT, TiTqos-
da samsaxuris moZiebis mizniT gaiyvana Tbilisis rkinig-
zis sadguris mimdebare teritoriaze, sadac gaacno iq
myofi meZavebi. saubrisas metrevelma n. k-Svils uTxra,

346. 345
rom meZavi dReSi Soulobda imdens, ramdensac igi TveSi
da kvlav SesTavaza meZaoba, uaris SemTxvevaSi ki dae-
muqra Svilebis warTmeviT. aRniSnulis gamo col-qmars
Soris kvlav warmoiSva konfliqti da saxlSi misul
meuRles m-ma kvlav miayena sityvieri da fizikuri Seu-
racxyofa.
meoredResmansaxlSimoiyvanamegobrissayvareliqali,
romelicRamemaTTandarCadagamTeniisasm-issaxlidan
wasvlis Semdeg n. k-Svils meZaoba SesTavaza, ris gamoc
k-Svilma igi saxlidan gaagdo. daaxloebiT erT saaTSi
saxlSi dabrunda nasvami z. m-i, romelmac cols dauwyo
cema da muqara, raTa daeyoliebina prostituciaze, rac
SesZlo kidec da meore dRes k-Svili iZulebiT miiyvana
abanoSi klientTan Sesaxvedrad. am dRis Semdeg m-li
cemiTa da SantaJiT aiZulebda meuRles meZaobas da
dahyveboda rogorc suteniori, xolo k-Svilis eqsplu-
ataciiT miRebul Tanxas xarjavda piradi Sexedulebi-
samebr.
sabolood, sasamarTlom m-is qmedeba Seafasa ssk-is
1431
-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT.
saqmis masalebiT da sasamarTlo gamoZiebaze gamokv-
leuli mtkicebulebebiT m-is qmedebaSi ar ikveTeba
adamianiT vaWroba. mivyveT braldebis formulirebas
etapobrivad:
1. mas bralad edeba, rom Caidina adamianis mimarT
ukanono garigeba.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, adamianis mimarT ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebisas garigebis msxverpli
araa am garigebis monawile (subieqti), aramed igi
aris am garigebis obieqti, e.i. garigeba mimdinareobs
adamianiT movaWresa da me-3 pirs Soris, rasac moce-

347. 346
mul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar hqonia.
2. mas bralad Seracxuli aqvs aseve iZulebiT, Santa-
JiT, motyuebiT adamianis gadabireba eqspluataciis
mizniT.
daviwyoT motyuebidan.
m-s colis eqspluataciaSi CabmisTvis motyuebis xerxi
saerTod ar gamouyenebia. rac Seexeba imas, rom man mo-
tyuebiT waiyvana igi rkinigzis sadgurze da gaacno
meZavi, romelmac mas meZaoba urCia, es faqti ar Sei-
Zleba CaiTvalos motyuebis xerxad, radgan motyuebiT
sadgurze miyvanilisTvis ar aRukveTiaT Tavisufleba
da ar CaubiaT prostituciaSi. man moismina ra erT-erTi
meZavis rCeva, ar miiRo igi da Tavisuflad dabrunda
saxlSi.
raime sxva saxis motyuebas k-Svilis mimarT adgili ar
hqonia.
axla SevafasoT m-is mier gamoyenebuli iZulebis (cemis)
da SantaJis faqtebi. es faqtebi saqmis masalebiT mar-
Tlac dadasturebulia, magram igi ver gamodgeba misi
qmedebis ssk-is 1431
-e muxliT kvalifikaciisTvis, rad-
gan:
a) dazaralebul k-Svilis da mowmeTa CvenebebiT
dadasturda, rom m-li, marTalia, aiZulebda cols
prostitucias, `klientebisagan~ gadaxdil fuls
Tavad iRebda, magram am fuls isini ojaxs axmardnen,
m-li piradi miznebisTvis ar xarjavda mas. fuls imi-
tom ar aZlevda k-Svils, rom eSinoda, sayvareli ar
gaeCina da fuli misTvis ar mieca.
TviT sasamarTlos mier formulirebul bralde-
baSi garkveviT weria: `z. m-ma ganizraxa prostitu-

348. 347
ciaSi Caeba misi meuRle n. k-Svili da am saqmianobi-
dan miRebuli SemosavliT erCina ojaxi.~ Tumca imave
ganaCenSi aseve weria: `...xolo k-Svilis eqspluat-
aciiT miRebul Tanxas xarjavda piradi Sexedulebi-
samebr.~
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis es ori monakveTi ewi-
naaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amasTanave, ganaCenSi mar-
Talia, mtkicebulebad moyvanilia k-Svilisa da sxva
mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romelsac sasamarTlo eyrd-
noba gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanisas, magram
ratomRac es Cvenebebi araa Sefasebuli im nawilSi,
riTac dgindeba, rom fuls isini xarjavdnen ojaxis
saWiroebisTvis.
aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom `piradi Sexedulebisame-
br~ fulis daxarjva ar niSnavs `piradi miznisTvis~
mis daxarjvas, piradi Sexedulebisamebr fuli Sei-
Zleba daixarjos ojaxis miznebis Sesabamisad.
b)saqmismasalebiTaseveutyuaradaadadgenili,rom
n. k-Svils Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SesaZlebloba
ar hqonda aRkveTili, ufro metic, SezRudulic ki
ar hqonda. igi Tavisuflad gamodioda qalaqSi, man-
qanaSi ujdeboda ucxo mamakacebs (`klientebs~) da
mihyveboda maT. mas arc piradobis damadasturebeli
dokumenti hqonda warTmeuli. k-Svils nebismier
dros Tavisuflad SeeZlo, miemarTa samarTaldam-
cavi organoebisTvis saSvelad.
amdenad, m-is qmedebaSi araa adamianiT vaWrobis subieq-
turi Semadgenloba _ eqspluataciis mizani, risi arse-
bobac am SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia. amitom misi qmedebis
1431
-e muxliT kvalifikacia uxeS Secdomad unda CaiT-
valos. misi qmedeba sasamarTlos unda daekvalificire-
bina ssk-is 253-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT _ prostitu-

349. 348
ciaSi Cabma ZaladobiT da SantaJiT. marTalia, ssk-is
1431
-e muxlic gulisxmobs prostituciaSi Cabmas da Cab-
mis xerxebic nawilobriv emTxveva 253-e muxliT gaTval-
iswinebul xerxebs, magram maT
1. prostituciaSi Cabmuls aRkveTili an SezRuduli
aqvs Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba:
2. prostituciis Sedegad miRebuli `Semosavali~ ga-
dadis eqspluatatoris (trefikeris) xelSi da igi
mas sakuTari miznis dasakmayofileblad iyenebs.
amdenad, aq danaSaulis msxverpli gamoyenebulia sx-
visi gamdidrebis saSualebad.
rac Seexeba ssk-is 253-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul dana-
Sauls, igi ar gulisxmobs aseT SemTxvevebs. z. m-is qmede-
ba swored rom emTxveva am danaSaulis Semadgenlobas,
radgan man ZaladobiT da SantaJiT aiZula meuRle Cab-
muliyo prostituciaSi da am gziT erCina ojaxi, rom-
lis wevri Tavad n. k-Svilic iyo.
sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT gamovlinda SemTx-
veva, roca msjavrdebulze Seracxuli brali ara marto
dausabuTebelia, aramed Tavad braldebis formulire-
ba redaqciulad gaumarTavia.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba 2006 wlis 20 ivliss Tbili-
sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCeni
(saqme # 1/4279-06) n. g-is mimarT, romelsac brali daedo
masSi, `rom man Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi),
e.i. adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,
motyuebiT misi gadabireba da gadamalva eqspluataciis
miRebis mizniT.~
braldebis am formulirebaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs fra-
za: `eqspluataciis miRebis mizniT.~ es formulireba

350. 349
ara marto azrobrivad gaumarTavia, aramed ar Seesabam-
eba ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis dispozicias, sadac dafiqsireb-
ulia danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis erT-erTi
aucilebeli niSani _ eqspluataciis mizani. eqsplu-
atacia niSnavs sxvisi Sromis nayofis miTvisebas, yvle-
fas.70
aqedan gamomdinare, eqspluataciis mizani niSnavs
sxvisi Sromis nayofis miTvisebis mizans.
rac Seexeba, `eqspluataciis miRebis mizans~, igi sruli
tavtologiaa, radgan iSifreba ase: `sxvisi Sromis nay-
ofis miTvisebis miRebis mizani~. radgan miTviseba igive
miRebaa, gamodis `miRebis mizani~.
g-ze wardgenili es braldeba sityva-sityviT meordeba
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 26 Teberv-
lis ganaCenSi (saqme # 1/b-2708-06).
garda am redaqciuli uzustobisa, aRniSnul ganaCenebs
sxva arsebiTi xasiaTis xarvezi aqvT. kerZod, saqmis ma-
salebiT sruliad dausabuTebelia g-is mier bestaevas
motyuebiT prostituciaSi Cabmis faqti. saqmis arsi
mdgomareobda SemdegSi: saqarTvelos moqalaqem n. g-ma
2004 wlis oqtomberSi dabadebis dReze gaicno s. b-va,
romelsac ramdenime Sexvedris Semdeg SesTavaza maR-
alanazRaurebadi samsaxuri TurqeTSi, razec uari mi-
iRo, radgan b-as gagonili hqonda, rom g-vi TurqeTSi
gogonebs abamda prostituciaSi da Semdeg yovelgvari
anazRaurebis gareSe agdebda saqarTveloSi (es dadg-
inda ara marto b-as, aramed mowmeTa CvenebebiT).
amdenad, b-Tvis ukve cnobili iyo, rom g-vi mas prosti-
tuciaSi Cabmas upirebda da Tanac usasyidlod.
70
ix. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeu-
li, nakv. pirveli, mT. rd. arn. Ciqobava, Tb., 1990, gv. 487.

351. 350
amis Semdeg s. b-va misi nacnobi T. d-Zis rCeviT gaemgza-
vra TurqeTSi, sadac d-Zem igi miiyvana vinme m-Tan, sa-
dac cxovrobda ramdenime dRe.
saqmis masalebiT (maT Soris Tavad b-vas CvenebiT) dadge-
nilia, rom d-Zem gaafrTxila b-va, rom amave qalaqSi cx-
ovrobda g-vi da Tavi unda moeridebina misTvis, Torem
Tuki sadme Sexvdeboda, igi ar daindobda da Caabamda
prostituciaSi, Tanac fulsac ar gadauxdida.
amdenad, b-vam erTxel kidev miiRo informacia imis Ses-
axeb, Tu ra Canafiqri hqonda g-vs mis mimarT.
SemdgomSi movlenebi viTardeba ase: erTxel quCaSi
seirnobisas maT marTlac SexvdaT g-vi, romelmac roca
gaigo, rom b-va m-Tan cxovrobda, daiwyo Cxubi da gineba,
Tan wamoayena pretenziebi, rom s. b-va iyo misi gadabire-
buli da ratom cxovrobda m-Tan. m-s miayena Seuracxyo-
fa da daemuqra kidec. amitom m-m urCia s-s, gadasuliyo
g-Tan, Torem igi mas mosvenebas ar miscemda. m-s da T-s
rCeviT s. b-va sacxovreblad gadavida g-vTan.
amdenad, aSkaraa, rom b-va sacxovreblad Tavisi nebiT
gadavida g-vTan, Zala misTvis aravis dautanebia. igi
arc motyuebiT iyo gadayvanili, radgan winaswar icoda,
Tu ra hqonda ganzraxuli g-vs. amis miuxedavad, saqmeSi
arsebuli mtkicebulebebis sawinaaRmdegod, ganaCenSi
vkiTxulobT: `2005 wlis ivlisis TveSi, TurqeTSi, q.
axCagojaSi yofnisas n. g-vi SemTxveviT Sexvda vinme m-
sTan stumrad myof s. b-vas, ra drosac kidev erTxel
SesTavaza maRalanazRaurebadi samsaxuri. sabolood,
man motyuebiT SeZlo b-vas gadabireba. gadaiyvana igi
sakurorto zona `puzurSi~, CamoarTva pasporti, riT-
ac aRukveTa Tavisufali gadaadgilebis saSualeba da
gadamala amave sakurorto zonaSi mocilebiT mdebare
ukacriel adgilas, samsarTuliani kotejis me-3 sar-

352. 351
Tulze mdebare e.w. mansardSi. ori kviris manZilze sa-
kuTari gamorCenis mizniT g-vi e.w. `klientebisagan~
miRebuli Tanxis sanacvlod aiZulebda seqsualuri ka-
vSiri daemyarebina dReSi 5-6 mamakacTan.~
saidan gakeTda daskvna, rom g-vma motyuebiT SeZlo
b-vas gadabireba? anda saidan keTdeba daskvna, rom
quCaSi Sexvedrisas g-vma kidev erTxel SesTavaza b-vas
maRalanazRaurebadi samsaxuri da am winadadebis zegav-
leniT daTanxmda igi, gadasuliyo masTan sacxovreblad
maSin, roca Tavad b-va da d-Ze sxva rames adastureben?
saocari isaa, rom sasamarTlos mtkicebulebad moyvani-
li aqvs maTi Cvenebebi, magram arasworad afasebs am
CvenebaTa Sinaarss. ufro metic, amaxinjebs maT.
Tuki sasamarTlom dadasturebulad cno is faqti, rom
g-vma Zalis gamoyenebiT Caketa b-va da waarTva mas pas-
porti, maSin adamianiT vaWrobis xerxad miCneul unda
iyos Zaladoba da ara motyueba. rogorc vxedavT, sa-
samarTlo logikur winaaRmdegobaSi moeqca.
g-vas aseve Seracxuli aqvs `adamianis mimarT ukanono
garigebis ganxorcieleba~. aqac iseve, rogorc zemoT
ganxilul SemTxvevebSi, unda iTqvas, rom adgili ar
hqonia adamianis (bestaevas) mimarT ukanono garigebas,
radgan molaparakeba g-vs orive SemTxvevaSi hqonda
Tavad b-sTan: jer saqarTveloSi _ TurqeTSi wayvanis
Sesaxeb, xolo Semdeg TurqeTSi _ masTan sacxovre-
blad gadmosvlis Sesaxeb. amdenad, b-va iyo maT Soris
garigebis monawile (subieqti) da ara obieqti.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas aRmoCnda, rom aris
SemTxveva, roca pirs brals sdeben iseTi qmedebis Cade-
naSi, rac saqmis masalebiT araa dadasturebuli. samagi-
erod ar sdeben brals im qmedebaSi, rac saqmis masale-
biT damtkicebulia.

353. 352
amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tbilisis saolqo sasamarT-
los sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa sasamarTlo kolegiis
2006 wlis 29 martis ganaCeni, aseve amave saqmeze saqarT-
velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqme-
Ta 2006 wlis 21 ivnisis ganCineba msjavrdebul bluiSvi-
lis saqmeze, romliTac igi cnobil iqna damnaSaved ssk-
is 1431
-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `e~ qvepunqtiT imaSi, rom
Caidina adamianiT vaWroba, e.i. adamianis gayidva sazR-
vargareT gayvaniT eqspluataciis mizniT.
saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT dadginda Semdegi: 2004
wlis agvistoSi u. b-Svilma gaicno r. b-Svili, romelic
gacilebuli iyo qmarTan, zrdida bavSvs da ekonomi-
kurad uWirda. man ganizraxa misi motyuebiT gadayvana
sazRvargareT da gayidva eqspluataciis mizniT. am gan-
zraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad SesTavaza r. b-Svils, rom
daexmareboda q. dubaiSi samuSaoze mowyobaSi, magram
gzis xarjisTvis saWiro fulis saSovnelad jer unda
wasuliyvnen TurqeTSi, sadac moawyobda Sokoladis an
tyavis saamqroSi TurqeTSi mcxovreb s. a-s daxmarebiT.
u. b-Svilma Tavisi xarjebiT gaukeTa pasporti r-s da
erTad gaemgzavrnen TurqeTSi da miiyvana q. borCxaSi
arsebul erT-erT sastumroSi, sadac dabinavebuli iyo
s. a-va. aq man aiZula r. b-Svili, rogorc meZavi, momsax-
ureboda misTvis ucnob mamakacebs, razedac igi Tavi-
dan sastiki winaaRmdegi iyo. ambobda, rom ar SeeZlo
aseTi saqmianoba, sTxovda, daebrunebina misTvis pas-
porti, raTa gamomgzavrebuliyo saqarTveloSi, magram
u. b-Svilma mas pasporti ar misca im motiviT, rom misi
TurqeTSi wayvanis xarji Seadgenda 400 aSS dolars da
igi valdebuli iyo naSovni fuliT gaestumrebina vali.
R. b-Svili sami dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi, fsiqologiuri
zemoqmedebis qveS, rogorc meZavi, emsaxureboda sas-
tumroSi misul klientebs. `momsaxurebis~ safasurs

354. 353
ki iRebda u. b-Svili. amis Semdeg man s. a-vas daxmare-
biT r. gadaiyvana q. xofaSi da fsiqologiuri zewolis
qveS agrZelebinebda meZaobas, fuls ki TviTon iReb-
da. TurqeTSi Casvlidan erTi kviris Semdeg, rodesac
garkveuli Tanxa moagrova, u. b-Svili dabrunda saqarT-
veloSi. r. b-vils ki miuCina s. a-va, romelic r. b-Svilis
`gamomuSavebul~ Tanxas mas ugzavnida.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili faqtobrivi garemoebebidan
Cans, u. b-Svilis qmedebaSi aSkaraa adamianis gadabire-
ba da gadayvana sazRvargareT motyuebiT, agreTve ga-
damalva eqspluataciaSi Cabmis mizniT. aseve misi Cabma
eqspluataciaSi ZaladobiT da muqariT.
miuxedavad amisa, u. b-Svils es qmedebebi bralad ara
aqvs Seracxuli (arc winaswar gamoZiebaSi hqonda ward-
genili aseTi braldeba). samagieros mas Seracxuli aqvs
adamianis gayidva sazRvargareT gayvaniT eqspluataci-
is mizniT.
vnaxoT, ramdenadaa dadasturebuli es braldeba.
saolqo sasamarTlos ganaCensa da uzenaesi sasamarT-
los ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: TurqeTSi Casvlidan
daaxloebiT ori kviris Semdeg r. b-Svilma Seityo, rom
igi 3000 aSS dolarad iyideboda misTvis ucnob Turqi
erovnebis mamakacze, ramac Zlier aRaSfoTa da daxmare-
bisTvis mimarTa sastumros mflobel e. g-ors, romel-
mac Seityo ra, rom r. b-Svils masze ganxorcielebuli
fsiqologiuri zewolis gamo surda sastumrodan was-
vla, fulis gadauxdelad gauSva igi. r. b-Svili Turqe-
Tis samarTaldamcavi organos TanamSromelTa daxmare-
biT gadmovida saqarTvelos teritoriaze.

355. 354
ismis kiTxva: riTaa dadasturebuli is faqti, rom r. b-
Svili gaiyida (an iyideboda) ucxo mamakacze?
sasamarTlom b-Svilis gayidvis faqti dadasturebu-
lad cno Tavad dazaralebul b-Svilis da mowme m. S-
Zis CvenebiT, romelic ver gamodgeba b-Svilis gayidvis
faqtis dasadastureblad. kerZod, r. b-Svilis CvenebiT,
man mogvianebiT Seityo, rom iyideboda ucnob Turq ma-
makacze, ris Semdegadac sastumros direqtorisa da m.
S-Zis daxmarebiT SeZlo sastumrodan gaqceva (t. I. s.f.
29-32, 308-310).
rogorc vxedavT, es Cveneba metad zerele da bundova-
nia, radgan igi ar akonkretebs, Tu visgan Seityo, rom
igi iyideboda, an kerZod vin yidida mas ucxo mamakac-
ze. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom am dros u. b-Svili
TurqeTSi ar imyofeboda. maS, saidan keTdeba daskvna,
rom swored igi apirebda mis gayidvas? Tuki amis msxver-
plma araferi icis, maS saidan icis is, rom unda gaeyidaT
da miT umetes saidan gaigo gayidvis Tanxa _ 3000 aSS
dolari? amas garda, `iyideboda~ jer kidev ar niSnavs
imas, rom igi gaiyida. adamianis gayidvisTvis saWiroa
garkveuli Tanxis an nivTis gadacema gamyidvelze da
gayiduli piris gadasvla myidvelis xelSi.
arc erTi es qmedeba saqmis masalebiT araa dadasture-
buli.
vnaxoT, mowme m. S-Zis Cveneba ramdenad adasturebs r. b-
Svilis gayidvis faqts. igi uCvenebs: ...ramdenime dReSi
q. xofaSi yofnisas mas daureka r. b-Svilma da tiriliT
uTxra, rom igi mihyides Turq mamakacs. isic uTxra, rom
scemes da Tavisufleba aRukveTes. m. S-Ze mivida sastum-
roSi, sadac sastumros TanamSromelma r. 20 aSS dolari

356. 355
misca, xolo mas sTxova, dazaralebuli waeyvana (t. I, s.f.
103-104, 284-288).
am CvenebaSic konkretulad araferia naTqvami. kerZod,
vin gayida r. b-Svili. amasTan gaugebaria, Tuki igi ukve
gayiduli iyo, ratom ar waiyvana igi myidvelma da ratom
cxovrobda kvlav imave sastumroSi marto?
rogorc vxedavT, braldeba r. b-Svilis gayidvis Sesaxeb
damyarebulia arafrismTqmel Cvenebebze maSin, roca
misi motyuebiT gadabirebis, gadayvanisa da gadamalvis
faqti utyuaradaa damtkicebuli. amis miuxedavad, mas
bralad Seracxuli aqvs ara adamianis gadabireba da ga-
dayvana motyuebiT, aramed adamianis gayidva.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas vawydebiT SemTx-
vevas, roca ganaCenebSi braldebis formulireba araa
Camoyalibebuli, aramed miTiTebulia mxolod Sesa-
bamis muxlze da nawilze, Semdeg ki pirdapir aRwerilia
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoeba. amis magaliTad gamog-
vadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 29
ivlissgamotaniliganaCenim.a-ZismimarT(saqme#1/3100-
06), sadac sasamarTlom dadasturebulad cno, rom `gan-
sasjelma m. a-Zem Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (trefik-
ingi) araerTgzis, ori an meti piris mimarT, dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, e.i. danaSauli gaTval-
iswinebulisisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 1431
-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis `a~, `b~ da `e~ qvepunqtebiT (ssk-is 2006 wlis
31 maisamde moqmedi redaqcia), rac gamoixata SemdegSi:~
rogorc vxedavT, braldebis formulirebaSi miTiTe-
bulia mxolod muxlze da mis nawilze, aseve dafiqsire-
bulia damamZimebeli garemoebebi (ori an meti piris mi-
marT, dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT), magram

357. 356
naxsenebic ki araa Tu ra qmedebaSi gamoixata es danaSau-
li (saxeze iyo yidva, Tu gadabireba, an gadayvana da a.S.).
aseve naxsenebic ki araa Tu ra xerxiT iqna Cadenili es
danaSauli (motyuebiT, ZaladobiT Tu sxva xerxiT).
amdenad, imisTvis, rom gavigoT, Tu ssk-is 1431
-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis konkretulad ra qmede-
baSi edeba m. alfaiZes brali, aucilebelia wavikiTxoT
ganaCenSi aRwerili mTeli faqtobrivi garemoeba. sasa-
marTlo gadmogvcems am faqtobriv garemoebas, magram
ar afasebs mas, ar adgens m. a-Zis mier faqtobrivad Cade-
nili qmedebis Sesabamisobas ssk-is 1431
-e muxliT aRwer-
il romelime qmedebasTan. amitom gaugebaria, Tu ratom
miiCnia sasamarTlom, rom es faqtobrivi garemoebebi
aris adamianiT vaWroba. arada ganaCenSi aRwerili faq-
tobrivi garemoebebiT (romelic damtkicebulia saqmis
masalebiT), aSkarad Cans Cadenili qmedebac da danaSau-
lis xerxic. amdenad, misi Sefaseba ar iyo rTuli. ker-
Zod, dadginda, rom m. alfaiZem motyuebiT TurqeTSi
gadaiyvana ramdenime qali, iq dasaqmebis pirobiT. si-
namdvileSi ki waarTva maT pasportebi, gamoketa binaSi
da Semdeg sxvadasxva fasad gayida isini Turqi erovne-
bis mamakacebze, romlebic maT uwevdnen fizikur da se-
qsualur eqspluatacias.
amdenad, aSkaraa, rom aq saxezea adamianis gadabireba da
gadayvana motyuebiT, aseve gadamalva, agreTve gayidva,
Cadenili, ori an meti piris mimarT (sul gayiduli iyo
oTxi qali, aqedan oris gayidva moxda erTiani ganzrax-
viT), araerTgzis, dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvan-
iT.
igive xarvezi aqvs am saqmeze Tbilisis saapelacio sasa-
marTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa saapelacio pala-

358. 357
tis mier 2008 wlis 8 ivliss gamotanil ganaCens (saqme #
1/b-935-08).
msgavsi xarvezi imdenad xSirad fiqsirdeba, rom iqmneba
STabeWdileba, TiTqos mas tendenciis saxe aqvs. magali-
Tad, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 12 de-
kembris ganaCeni (saqme # 1-5639-06), sadac vkiTxulobT:
`sabraldebo daskvniT m. C-Zes brali edeba masSi, rom
man Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi), dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
...~rogorc vxedavT, arc qmedebaa naxsenebi da arc xe-
rxi.
zustad asevea formulirebuli braldeba ganaCenis
samotivacio nawilSic.
am saqmeSic Cadenilia piris gadabireba, gadayvana mo-
tyuebiT, aseve gadamalva da gayidva.
igive viTarebaa Tbilisis saolaqo sasamarTlos sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarTlis mier
2006 wlis 16 maiss gamotanil ganaCenSi (saqme # 1/3424),
sadac rogorc aRwerilobiTi, ise samotivacio nawiliT
braldebis formulireba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
`gansasjelma T. q-vam Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (tre-
fikingi), dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `e~
qvepunqtiT.~
am saqmeSic saxeze iyo motyuebiT gadabireba, gadayvana,
aseve gadamalva da bolos _ gayidva.
analogiuradaa formulirebuli braldeba s. k-as
saqmeze, romelzec Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarTlem 2007

359. 358
wlis 22 Tebervals daadgina gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni
(saqme # 1/4680-06).
zemoTCamoTvlil saqmeTa ganaCenis wakiTxviT aSkara
xdeba, Tu riT aris ganpirobebuli amgvari xarvezi. saqme
isaa, rom braldebis amgvari arasrulyofili formu-
lireba mocemulia sabraldebo daskvnebSi da sisxlis
samarTlis saqme amgvarad modis sasamarTloSi gansax-
ilvelad. mosamarTleebi ratomRac ar iReben sakuTar
Tavze valdebulebas, Seavson es xarvezi, romelic araa
dakavSirebuli axal braldebasTan an braldebis Secv-
lasTan. maT sityva-sityviT gadaaqvT ganaCenSi bralde-
bis is formuloreba, rac dafiqsirebulia sabraldebo
daskvnaSi. igives akeTeben zeda instanciis sasamarT-
loebi, rac ar unda CaiTvalos marTebulad. sasamarT-
lo valdebulia srulyofili, konkretuli da gasagebi
gaxados braldeba.

360. 359
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori
§ 3. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizi (nawili meore)
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Taobaze saqarT-
veloSi arsebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisa da
analizis mizans warmoadgenda aRniSnuli danaSaulis
saqmeebze samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier ganxor-
cielebuli winaswari gamoZiebis, agreTve, saerTo sasa-
marTloebis mier Catarebuli sasamarTlo gamoZiebisa
da maT mier gamotanili ganaCenebis mocemul sakiTxze
moqmed saerTaSoriso konvenciasTan da saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobasTan Ses-
abamisobis dadgena, amasTan imis gansazRvra – ramdenad
efeqturia xsenebuli saxelmwifo organoebis saqmi-
anoba arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis SesaZleblobaTa
maqsimaluri gamoyenebis, aseve trefikinguli dana-
Saulis CadenaSi braldebul pirTa (trefikirebis) je-
rovnad dasjis, maT mimarT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis
ganxorcielebisas maTi da trefikingiT dazaralebul
pirTa (trefikingis msxverplTa) uflebebisa da kanon-
ieri interesebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT.
trefikingis danaSaulTa faqtebze arsebuli sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebis analizi cxadyofs, rom aseTi da-
naSaulebis Camden pirTa mimarT saqarTvelos samar-
Taldamcavi organoebis, aseve saerTo sasamarTloebis
mier ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi nawilobriv See-
sabamebian transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSau-
lis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis adamianebis, gansa-
kuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan
acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb oqmiT gansaz-

361. 360
Rvrul im moTxovnebs, romlebic Seexebian trefikin-
gis danaSaulSi mxilebuli pirebis mimarT sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebasa da maT jerovnad
dasjas.71
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom trefikingis saqmeebTan
dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoebisas
rogorc winaswari gamoZiebis organoebis mier, aseve
sasamarTloebis mier daculia trefikingis msxverpl-
Ta, anu aRniSnuli kategoriis saqmeebze dazaralebu-
lad cnobili pirebis saproceso uflebebi da kanonieri
interesebi.
trefikingis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuli saqmee-
bis Seswavlis Sedegad irkveva, rom saqarTveloSi misi
gavrcelebuli saxeebia motyuebiT, seqsualuri eqspl-
uataciis mizniT, qalebis gayvana saqarTvelodan ucxo
qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad TurqeTsa da arabeTSi, agreTve
arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba. bevr SemTxvevaSi aseT dana-
Saulebs Tan axlavs iseTi dasjadi qmedebebis Cadenac,
rogoricaa yalbi piradobis mowmobisa da saqarTvelos
moqalaqis pasportis damzadeba – gamoyeneba da saqarT-
velos saxelmwifo sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTa. am-
rigad, xsenebuli danaSaulebi iwyeboda saqarTvelos
teritoriaze, sadac xorcieldeboda misi mosamzade-
beli stadia (igulisxmeba garegnulad qmedebaSi gamov-
lenilidanaSaulebriviganzraxvadanaSaulisCasadenad
pirobebis Seqmnis saxiT), xolo danaSaulTa damamTavre-
beli stadia xorcieldeboda sxva qveyanaSi. Tumca iyo
iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac saqarTvelos teritoria
gamoyenebuli iyo rogorc satranzito punqti trefik-
ingis danaSaulTa Casadenad, kerZod, seqsualuri eqs-
pluataciis mizniT erTi ucxo qveynidan saqarTvelos
teritoriis gavliT qalebis mesame qveyanaSi gayvanis
mizniT. es danaSaulebi mcdelobis stadiaze aRkveTil
71
ix. aRniSnuli oqmis III Tavi, muxlebi 9, 10, 11.

362. 361
iqna saqarTvelos teritoriaze samarTaldamcavi orga-
noebis mier. trefikingis danaSaulTa garkveuli nawili
Cadenilia saqarTvelos teritoriaze maTi damamTavre-
buli stadiis CaTvliT, romlebic Tavisi arsiT war-
moadgendnen arasrulwlovaniT vaWrobasa da adamianis
SromiT eqspluatacias an seqsualur eqspluatacias.
rac Seexeba trefikingis danaSaulTa Taobaze warmoe-
buli saqmeebis saproceso samarTlebriv mxares, unda
aRiniSnos, rom aseTi danaSaulis Camden pirTa mimarT
braldeba ZiriTadad emyareba dazaralebulTa Cven-
ebebs, romlebic ganmtkicebulia sxva arapirdapiri
mtkicebulebebiT, kerZod iseT mowmeTa CvenebebiT,
romlebsac, marTalia, garkveuli Sexeba hqondaT dana-
Saulis SemTxvevasTan, magram isini ar yofilan uSualo
TviTmxilvelni imisa Tu sad, rodis, ra viTarebaSi da
visi monawileobiT xorcieldeboda trefikingis msx-
verplis mimarT seqsualuri eqspluatacia an sxva ms-
gavsi qmedeba. rogorc wesi, aseT mowmeebs informacia
gaaCndaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mzaddeboda
trefikingis msxverplis (dazaralebulis) dayolieba
prostituciaze anda saqarTvelodan ucxo qveyanaSi
misi gayvana (maTTvis yalbi dokumentebis momzadeba
saxelmwifo sazRvris gadasakveTad, maTi dayolieba
sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaze da sxva). Tumca aRsaniS-
navia isic, rom TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi dazaraleb-
ulTa Cvenebebi aris vrceli, detaluri da amomwuravi,
romlebic gvaZleven sakmaris warmodgenas momxdari
SemTxvevis Taobaze.
aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos imis Taobazec, rom calkeul
SemTxvevaSi saqmis gamoZiebisas gamoyenebuli iyo kano-
niT gaTvaliswinebuli operatiul-samZebro RonisZie-
bebi, magaliTad, operatiuli TvalTvali, faruli

363. 362
mosmenebi, operatiuli muSakis `Canergva~ damnaSaveTa
jgufSi da sxva, romelTa meSveobiT mopovebuli iyo
mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebi piris braleulobis
dasadastureblad.
amasTan, umetes SemTxvevaSi, saqmeebze ar xorcieldebo-
da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi saqarTvelos teritoriis
farglebs gareT, radgan saamisod ar xdeboda saqarT-
velos mier Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan samarTlebriv
sferoSi TanamSromlobis Taobaze dadebuli ormxrivi
xelSekrulebiTaTusxvasaerTaSorisoxelSekrulebiT
(konvenciebiT) gaTvaliswinebuli SesaZleblobebis
gamoyeneba. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba dasaxeldes 1998
wlis`xelSekrulebasaqarTvelosadaTurqeTisrespub-
likas Soris samoqalaqo, savaWro da sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~,
agreTve 1959 wlis `evropuli konvencia sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~ romlebic
iTvaliswineben saxelmwifoTa TanamSromlobas sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT urTierTdaxmare-
bis mizniT. saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebis
mier aRniSnuli SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad gamoy-
enebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosTvis sagamoZiebo orga-
nos mier saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa Taobaze ward-
genili masala iqneboda ufro sruli, mtkicebulebebis
baza ufro myari, rac Tavis mxriv sawindaria xsenebuli
kategoriis saqmeebze ufro dasabuTebuli sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebebis gamosatanad.
amave dros, aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom saqmis
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze daSvebuli is xarvezi,
romelic mdgomareobs sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis war-
moebis arealis mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriiT
SemofargvlaSi, xels uSlis imis dadgenas _ trefikin-

364. 363
gul danaSauls, im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac xdeboda msx-
verplis sazRvargareT gayvana da iq seqsualur eqs-
pluataciaSi an monur muSaobaSi Cabma, xom ar hqonda
organizebuli danaSaulis xasiaTi. gasaTvaliswinebe-
lia aucileblad is garemoeba, rom msgavsi danaSaulis
Cadena dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT umrav-
les SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki iseT SemTxvevebSi,
rodesac adgili aqvs erTi da igive damnaSavis mier
dazaralebulebis sazRvargareT araerTgzis gaday-
vanas, an mravali dazaralebulis erTdroulad gayva-
nas sazRvargareT, erT an or adamians ar xelewifeba,
vinaidan aseTi danaSaulebrivi miznis realizacia bevri
sirTulisa da dabrkolebis gadalaxvasTan aris dakav-
Sirebuli, rac erT adamians, rogorc wesi ar SeuZlia
da igi uTuod moiTxovs sul cota ramdenime adamianis
Zalisxmevas kargad organizebuli jgufis saxiT.
niSandoblivia is garemoeba, rom trefikinguli dana-
Saulis organizebuli SemTxvevis gamovlenis drosac
ki, sagamoZiebo organos mier praqtikulad daudgene-
lia organizebuli jgufi Seqmnili iyo erTi danaSau-
lis Casadenad, Tu mravali danaSaulis Casadenad, ris
dadgenasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs aseTi kategoriis
danaSaulTa prevenciisTvis.
trefikingul danaSaulTan brZolaSi aRniSnuli xarve-
zebis arseboba iwvevs imas, rom am danaSaulis organi-
zebuli jgufebis mier Cadenis SemTxvevebi iZens la-
tentur xasiaTs maTi daudgenlobisa da dausjelobis
gamo, razedac metyvelebs sasamarTlo statistikac,
romelSic aisaxeba realuri mdgomareoba, rac, Tavis
mxriv, dabla scems Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoe-
bis mier mocemul danaSaulTan brZolis efeqturobas.
yovelive aRniSnuli miuTiTebs imaze, rom organize-

365. 364
bul danaSaulTan da trefikingul danaSaulTan dakav-
SirebiT moqmedi saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dadgeni-
li moTxovnebi, romelTanac SeerTebulia saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoc, arajerovnad sruldeba, rac Sedegobri-
vad, Tavis mxriv negatiur daRs asvams xsenebul dana-
SaulobasTan brZolis praqtikas da xels uwyobs aseTi
xasiaTis danaSaulTa gamravlebas.
amasTan erTad, SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos imis Taobaze,
rom calkeul SemTxvevaSi trefikingis saqmeze samar-
Talwarmoebis ganxorcielebisas, rogorc winaswari
gamoZiebis stadiaze, aseve sasamarTloSi saqmis ganx-
ilvisas, irRveva braldebulisa da gansasjelis sapro-
ceso uflebebi. es iseTi SemTxvevebia, rodesac dacvis
mxaris kanonieri da dasabuTebuli iniciativa ar iqna
mxardaWerili ara marto braldebis mxaris mier, aramed
aseve sasamarTlos mier. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba gan-
vixiloT msjavrdebul s.k.-s braldebis saqme, romelsac
brali edeboda adamianiT vaWrobaSi, Cadenili ori an
meti piris mimarT dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gay-
vaniT, saxeldobr, man ganaxorciela qalebis gaday-
vana TurqeTis q. orduSi, sadac maT uwevda seqsualur
eqspluatacias.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze braldebulis damcvelma
SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa prokurors, romelic aRniS-
nuli saqmis gamoZiebaze axorcielebda saproceso
xelmZRvanelobas imis Taobaze, rom gamoZiebas dae-
kiTxa TurqeTis q. orduSi myofi mowmeebi saerTaSor-
iso xelSekrulebiTa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-
Tanado procedurebis meSveobiT, romelTa Cvenebebi,
misi azriT, naTels mofendnen saqmis faqtobriv gare-
moebebs da xels Seuwyobdnen saqmeze WeSmaritebis dad-
genas. amis Semdeg specialuri operatiuli departa-

366. 365
mentis gamomZiebelma SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa Turqe-
Tis samarTaldamcav organoebs, romliTac iTxovda
dacvis mxaris mier dasaxelebuli mowmeebis dakiTx-
vas gamoZiebisTvis saintereso sakiTxebze. winaswari
gamoZiebis masalebSi aRniSnuli mimarTvis Sedegebi ar
Cans. s.k.-s braldebis saqme gadaeca pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlos arsebiTi ganxilvisTvis. sasamarTlo sx-
domis mosamzadebel stadiaze gansasjelis damcvelma
daayena Suamdgomloba garkveuliyo, Seasrula Tu ara
Turqulma mxarem saqarTvelos sagamoZiebo organos
Txovna da TurqeTidan gamoigzavna Tu ara Sesabamisi
masala, romelic warmodgenil unda iqnes sasamarTlos
winaSe, rogorc mtkicebulebebi. sasamarTlom, marTa-
lia, daakmayofila dacvis Suamdgomloba da aRniSnu-
li sakiTxis Taobaze mimarTa saqarTvelos generalur
prokuraturas, magram pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilva ise damTavrda, rom generaluri
prokuraturidan pasuxi miRebuli ar yofila, xolo s.k.
msjavrdebul iqna.
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas dacvis
mxarem kvlav mimarTa sasamarTlo palatas Suamdgom-
lobiT, romliTac iTxovda, rom braldebis mxares
warmoedgina sasamarTloSi Turquli mxaris mier ga-
momZieblis davalebis safuZvelze mopovebuli da saqa-
rTvelos generaluri prokuraturisTvis gadmogza-
vnili mtkicebulebebi, agreTve imas, rom dacvis mxares
micemoda aRniSnuli mtkicebulebebis, rogorc saqmis
masalis, gacnobis SesaZlebloba. aRniSnuli Suamdgom-
lobis ganxilvisas procesSi monawile prokurorma
ganacxada, rom braldebis mxare am mtkicebulebebs
ar warmoadgenda sasamarTloSi im motiviT, rom isini
braldebis mxares ar miaCnia braldebis mtkicebule-
bebad, xolo dacvis mxarem Tavad unda izrunos Tavisi
mtkicebulebebis mopovebaze.

367. 366
saapelacio sasamarTlom uari uTxra dacvis mxares mis
mier dayenebuli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze sru-
liad dausabuTeblad, im motivaciiT, rom dacvis mxaris
mier aRniSnuli sakiTxi ar yofila dayenebuli pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi, xolo TviTon dacvis mxares
aRniSnuli masalebis mosapoveblad araferi gaukeTe-
bia, ris gamoc sasamarTlosTvis ucnobia ra masalebzea
saubari. saapelacio sasamarTlos aseTi pozicia mTli-
anad ewinaaRmdegeba rogorc saqmis realur viTarebas,
ise saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanon-
mdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul imperatiul moTxovnebs.
saqme isaa, rom rogorc dgindeba, xsenebuli masalis
(mtkicebulebebis) mosapoveblad dacvis mxarem Sua-
mdgomlobiT mimarTa prokurors, romlis safuZvelze
gamomZiebelma mimarTa TurqeTis Sesabamis saxelmwifo
organoebs, romlebmac moipoves mtkicebulebebi da
es masala gadaugzavnes adresats. amasTan, dacvis mxa-
rem am mtkicebulebebis sasamarTloSi warmodgenaze
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSic daayena sakiTxi sap-
roceso kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, romlis safuZvelze
saqarTvelos generalur prokuraturas sasamarTlos
mier gaegzavna mimarTva. igive sakiTxi dacvis mxarem
saapelacio sasamarTloSic saproceso kanoniT dad-
genili wesiT daayena, miuxedavad amisa, saapelacio sa-
samarTlos mier, usafuZvlod eTqva uari.
aRniSnulis Sedegad uxeSad dairRva msjavrdebulis
dacvis ufleba, radgan zemoxseneubli masala, sapro-
ceso kanonidan gamomdinare, warmoadgenda saqmis ma-
salis ganuyofel nawils, ris gamoc igi aucileblad
unda yofiliyo warmodgenili sasamarTloSi rogorc
mtkicebuleba da sruli ufleba hqonda dacvis mxares
gacnoboda am masalas. amave dros, saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis (1998 wlis 20 Teberv-
lis redaqcia) me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmis winaswari

368. 367
gamoZiebis stadiazec da sasamarTlo ganxilvis stadi-
azec, gamomZiebeli, prokurori da sasamarTlo valdeb-
ulni iyvnen gaerkviaT mtkicebis sagnis yvela sxva gare-
moeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. saam-
isod maT mier warmoebuli saqmis garemoebaTa gamokvl-
eva unda yofiliyo yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi,
ra drosac erTnairi gulmodginebiT unda gairkves
braldebulis rogorc mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebe-
li garemoebebi, xolo dacvis mxaris yvela gancxadeba
da saCivari udanaSaulobisa Tu naklebi bralis Sesaxeb,
agreTve sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebisas
daSvebuli saproceso darRvevebis Taobaze guldasmiT
unda Semowmdes.
kanonis aseTi moTxovnis Seusrulebloba warmoadgenda
iseT arsebiT saproceso darRvevas, romelic negatiur
gavlenas axdenda saqmis Sedegze msjavrdebulis kanon-
ieri interesebis sazianod.
amrigad, trefikingis saqmeebze arsebuli winasaga-
moZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi gviCvenebs,
rom saqarTvelos winaswari gamoZiebis organoebisa
da sasamarTloebis saqmianoba jer kidev srulad ver
akmayofilebs aRniSnuli xasiaTis danaSaulTan brZo-
lis, aseT danaSaulTa saqmeebze winaswari gamoZiebis
warmoebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis Taobaze Sesabam-
isi saerTaSoriso konvenciebiTa da saqarTvelos Siga
kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs. gansa-
kuTrebiT unda mieTiTos sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis
xarvezebze xsenebul danaSaulTa gamovlenis organize-
bul formebTan dakavSirebiT. aseTi viTareba moiTxovs
saTanado rekomendaciebis SemuSavebasa da Sesabamisi
saxelmwifo organoebisTvis miwodebas maTi danergvis
mizniT iuridiuli praqtikis efeqturobis gasaZliere-
blad da mocemul sferoSi saerTo kriminogenuri viTa-
rebis gasajansaReblad.

369. 368
revaz gogSeliZe
samarTlis doqtori
§ 4. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizi (nawili mesame)
Cvens mier Seswavlil iqna ramdenime ss saqme, maT Soris
s. k-skaias saqme (sadac dazaralebulad cnobili arian q.
b-ova da o. s-ova). am saqmeSi dafiqsirda sxvadasxva saxis
darRveva. kerZod:
1. dazaralebul qristina b-ovas dakiTxvis oqmSi
gamomZiebeli uTiTebs, rom man dazaralebuli
dakiTxa Tarjimnis monawileobiT, magram dakiTx-
vis oqmis Sesaval nawilSi araa miTiTebuli Tar-
jimnis gvari. amave dros, saq. sssk-is 303-e muxlis
me-9 nawilis mixedviT Tarjimani xels unda awerdes
dazaralebulis mier micemuli Cvenebis Targmanis
TiToeul gverds, rac ar aris gakeTebuli, riTac
darRveulia sssk-is 303-e muxlis me-9 nawilis moTx-
ovna (Zveli kodeqsi).
2. q. b-ovas dakiTxvis msgavsad darRveulia Tarjim-
nis monawileobis wesi dazaralebul olga s-ovas
dakiTxvisas.
3. amave saqmeSi aris sxva xarvezic, rasac garda for-
malurisa, mtkicebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. magali-
Tad, gamomZiebeli ar interesdeba im pirTa wris
garkveviT, romelTa dakiTxvac xels Seuwyobda
saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenas.
kerZod, am saqmeSi dazaralebulad cnobil q. b-
ovas deda dakiTxvisas uTiTebs, rom maTTan saxlSi,
roca saubari midioda s. k-kaiasa da q. b-ovas Soris
(e.i. trefiqersa da adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpls

370. 369
Soris), aseve imyofeboda nato. Tavad braldebuli
s. k-skaia ki saerTod ar axsenebs natos, rogorc b-
ovasTan misi saubris mowmes.
aseT SemTxvevaSi gamomZiebels unda daedgina natos
pirovneba da unda daekiTxa igi, radgan SesaZloa,
misi Cveneba naTels mohfenda saqmes, miT umetes, rom
am saqmeze braldebuli ar aRiarebs braldebas.
4. s. k-kaias sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze (gv.80-83)
gamomZiebelma Seiswavla ra saqmeze mopovebuli
mtkicebulebebi, gamoitana dadgenileba s. k-skaias
braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb,
magram ratomRac am dadgenilebas xels awers sxva
gamomZiebeli da ara is, romelic saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze mivida im daskvnamde,
rom s. k-skaia micemuli iqnes braldebis saxiT pasux-
isgebaSi (gasakviria, rom am faqts yuradRebas ar
aqcevs braldebulis advokati da xels awers amgvar
dadgenilebas).
5. svetlana k-kaias kanonieri interesebis damcvel-
ma vaJa n-Zem, romelic imyofeboda TurqeTSi, q.
orduSi, gamokiTxa TurqeTis moqalaqeebi dazara-
lebulis q. b-ovasa da o. s-covas Sesaxeb. Semdeg man
TurqeTis moqalaqeTa gamokiTxvis oqmebi Targmna
qarTulad da daamowma notariuli wesiT. kerZod,
advokatma gamokiTxa TurqeTis moqalaqeebi: nazim
qahramani, romelic cxovrobda imave saxlis erT-
erT binaSi, sadac cxovrobdnen q. b-ova da o. s-nco-
va; bahTir ozqani, romelic cxovrobda imave saxlis
pirvel sarTulze; aiTaC durumi, romelic icnobda
s. krasovskaias daaxloebiT 3 weli, daxvda mas av-
tomobiliT da q. b-ovasTan da o. s-covasTan erTad
miiyvana q. ordaSi, im samsarTulian saxlTan, sadac

371. 370
isini cxovrobdnen 10 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi. Am mo-
qalaqeTa gamokiTxviT dgindeba, rom q. b-ova da r.
s-ncova ar imyofebodnen raime fizikuri da fsiqi-
kuri zewolis qveS, Tavisuflad moZraobdnen q. or-
dus quCebSi, bazarSi, maRaziebSi.
saqarTvelos Ss saministros specialuri operati-
uli departamentis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelovan
saqmeTa ufrosma gamomZiebelma samarTlebrivi dax-
marebis aRmoCenis mizniT SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa
TurqeTis respublikis Sesabamis samarTaldamcav
organoebs, daekiTxaT s. k-skaias sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze TurqeTis respublikis moqalaqeebi: bahTir
ozqani, nazim qahramani, aiTaC durumi, garkveuli ga-
remoebebis dadgenis mizniT.
TurqeTis respublikis generalur prokuraturaSi,
prokurorma jan Suqru genCqanma mowmeebad dakiTxa
aRniSnuli pirebi, romelTac daadastures s. k-ska-
ias advokat v. nebieriZisaTvis micemuli informa-
cia, rom q. b-ova da o. s-ncova Tavisuflad gadaadg-
ildbeodnen q. ordus quCebSi da maT ar etyobodaT
raime zewolis qveS yofna.
gamoZiebam ratomRac sabraldebo daskvnis Sed-
genamde ar gadaamowma s. k-skaias damcvelis mier
TurqeTis moqalaqeebis mxridan miRebuli informa-
cia (damcvelma informacia miiRo Turqi moqalaqee-
bisagan 2006w. 1 maiss, sabraldebo daskvna Sedga 2006
wlis 31 maiss). sabraldebo daskvnaSi SeniSnul iqna,
rombraldebulisadamisidamcvelismierdasaxele-
buli moqalaqeebi arian TurqeTis respublikis mo-
qalaqeebi da Sesabamisad TurqeTis kompetentur
organoebs waredginaT Suamdgomloba samarTlebri-

372. 371
vi daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. A(amdenad, samarT-
lebrivi Sefaseba ar mieca damcvelis mier mopove-
bul informacias, romelic notariuli wesiT iyo
damowmebuli).
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, TurqeTis respublikis
kompetenturi organoebis mimarT gagzavnili iqna
Suamdgomloba samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCenis
Sesaxeb. igi iTvaliswinebda TurqeTis moqalaqeebis:
bahTir ozqani, nazim qahramani, aiTaC durus, mowmee-
bis saxiT dakiTxvas. TurqeTis generaluri proku-
raturis prokurorebma, ismail deRirmenjim da jan
Suqu generCqanma mowmeebis saxiT dakiTxes aRniS-
nuli pirebi da maT mier micemuli zemoT naxsenebi
Cvenebebi gadmougzavnes saqarTvelos generalur
prokuraturas. Amis miuxedavad, samarTlebrivi dax-
marebis safuZvelze TurqeTidan miRebuli masalebi
ar daerTo saqmes. ufro metic, saxelmwifo bralm-
debelma saapelacio sasamarTlos sasamarTlo sx-
domaze ganacxada aRniSnuli masalebis Sesaxeb, rom
braldebis mxarisaTvis isini ar warmoadgens mtkice-
bulebebs.
aqve Cndeba kiTxva: Tuki winaswarve cnobili iyo, rom
ucxoqveynidanmiRebulCvenebebsaraviTarimtkice-
bulebis Zala ar unda mieniWos, maS, ratom mimarTa
saqarTvelos prokuraturam TurqeTis Sesabamis
organos SuamdgomlobiT samarTlebrivi daxmarebis
Sesaxeb an saerTod, ratom arsebobs aseTi urTierT-
daxmarebis instituti?
6. wesiT prokurors SesaZlebloba unda mieca sasa-
marTlosaTvis, mxareebis monawileobiT Seeswavla,
gamoekvlia samarTlebrivi daxmarebis safuZvelze
miRebuli masalebi, mxareebs daefiqsirebinaT Tavi-

373. 372
anTi mosazrebebi, argumentebi. Pprokurors Tavisi
dasabuTebuli pozicia unda daefiqsirebina am ma-
salebTan dakavSirebiT.Mxolod amis Semdeg unda gad-
awyvetiliyo sakiTxi: CaeTvalaT Tu ara es masalebi
mtkicebulebad. Pprokurorma ki im faqtiT, rom es ma-
salebi saerTod ar daurTo ss saqmes, faqtobrivad
ugulvebelyo iseTi instituti, rogoricaa saerTa-
Soriso TanamSromloba sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi,
rac ar unda CaiTvalos gamarTlebulad.
7. prokuroris aseTi damokidebuleba ramdenadme
aryevs sssk-is ocdameTerTmete TavSi mocemuli
am institutis avtoritets, radgan iqmneba STabe-
Wdileba, rom am institutiT sargebloba SesaZloa.
miuRebeli aRmoCndes iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
Catarebis dros, rogoricaa dakiTxva?
ismis kiTxva: iqneb marTlac ufro misaRebia am in-
stitutis gamoyeneba gavavrceloT iseT sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebebze, rogoricaa: SemTxvevis adgilis
daTvaliereba, eqspertizis daniSvna? Ees sakiTxi
marTlac dafiqrebas da Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs.
TumcaRa, sanam Sesabamis normatiul aqtebSi sa-
Tanado cvlileba araa Setanili, mxareebma ra Tqma
unda, unda idavon TiToeuli am gziT mopovebuli
masalebis garSemo, Seafason igi, magram es dava unda
iyos motivirebuli da gamyarebuli sisxlis saqme-
Si arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT da ara xelaRebiT
uaryofili, rogorc amas adgili hqonda zemoTxsen-
ebul SemTxvevaSi.
8. sainteresoa, ratom ar daurTo saxelmwifo
bralmdebelma TurqeTidan Camosuli masalebi sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmes? TurqeTis moqalaqeebis mier
micemul CvenebebSi, romlebic saubroben, rom q. b-
ova da o. s-ncova Tavisuflad daiarebodnen qalaqSi
da ar imyofebodnen raime fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri

374. 373
zewolis qveS, sulac ar gamoricxavs adamianiT
vaWrobas. gana ar SeiZleba TavisuflebaSi myofi
piris motyueba, eqspluatacia, prostituciaSi Cabma
da a.S? TviTon msjavrdebuli s. k-skaias mier mice-
mul CvenebaSi ramdenime urTierTsawinaaRmdego
informaciaa, rac prokurors SeeZlo gamoeyenebina
braldebis gasamyareblad.
kerZod, braldebul k-skaias CvenebiT dgindeba, rom
mas Tanxas sTxovdnen b-ova da s-ova. Bbraldebis mx-
ares erTxelac ar ukiTxavs misTvis, ratom sTxovd-
nen mas Tanxas es gogonebi (q. b-ova da o. s-ova)? ratom
Tavad igi ar iTxovda maTgan im 50-50 dolars, rac
man asesxa am gogonebs mgzavrobisaTvis? ras unda
niSnavdes is garemoeba, rom s. k-skaias q. b-ova ukav-
Sirdeba, da iTxovs misgan fuls, raTa iyidos iubka,
Ceqmebi, bavSvisaTvis `raRaceebi;~? roca biTarovas
deda cudadaa, igi fulis gagzavnas Txovs s. k-skaias
ra drosac s. k-skaia pasuxobs, rom `SabaT-kviraa da
banki ar muSaobs, TbilisSi daurekavs axlobels da
is miawodebs dedamiss 100 dolars.~
ratom Txovda q. b-ova Tanxas s. k-skaias, Tu pros-
tituciis gziT klientisagan miRebuli Tanxis mar-
Tlac mxolod 10%-s iRebda s. k-skaia da danarCeni
iyo q. b-ovasi?
zemoTaRniSnul Cvenebebze dayrdnobiT saxelmwifo
braldebas SeeZlo emtkicebina, rom prostituciis
gziT miRebul mTel Tanxebs motyuebiT iRebda s.
k-skaia. aseTi daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels iZleva
TviTon s. k-skaias mier micemuli Cveneba, (sxva mt-
kicebulebebze rom araferi vTqvaT), rac braldebam
ver gamoiyena braldebis gasamyareblad. A

375. 374
9. saq. sssk-is 305-e muxlis meeqvse nawilis mixed-
viT SesaZlebeli iyo TurqeTis moqalaqeebis mowmis
statusiT dakiTxva teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoy-
enebiT, rac gamoZiebam ar gamoiyena.
sisxlis samarTlis saqme x. y-is mimarT (adamianiT
vaWroba)
adamianiT vaWrobis saqmeebze xSirad SeiniSneba
xarvezi mticebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT ma-
Sin, roca saqme exeba organizebuli jgufis mier Cad-
enili danaSaulis braldebas. saamisod gamodgeba ss
saqme x. y-is mimarT, sadac dazaralebulad cnobili
arian T. k-Ze da i. b-Ze)
1. mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze winawari
gamoZiebis mier x. y-is mimarT arasworad iyo wardgeni-
li braldeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431
-e muxlis
me-3 nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT (igive qmedeba organize-
buli jgufis mier), ramdenadac organizebuli jgufis
mier aRniSnuli muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis
Semadgenloba ar iyo dadasturebuli saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebiT.
es xarvezi gamosworebul iqna sasamarTlos mier, rac
udaod dadebiTad metyvelebs maT saqmianobaze.
am saqmeSi mtkicebulebad dazaralebulTa Cvenebis
safuZvelze miCneulia is, rom gamoZiebiT daudgeneli
pirebi aiZulebdnen T. k-Zesa da i. b-Zes garkveuli Tanxis
safasurad hqonodaT sqesobrivi kavSiri mamakacebTan.
aseT SemTxvevaSi gamoZieba unda dainteresebuliyo im
daudgeneli pirebiT da unda daedgina maTi vinaoba. amis
SesaZlebloba mas hqonda, ramdenadac dazaralebulebi

376. 375
TavianT CvenebebSi naTlad miuTiTebdnen am pirebze,
kerZod x. y-is dedis megobar `ninoze,~ `ninos~ meuRle
- alize, `ninos~ mezobelze - ieseminasa da mis meuRle -
ademaze.
garda amisa, gaocebas iwvevs is faqti, rom gamoZie-
bam da SemdgomSi sasamarTlomac, marTalia, gaiziara
dazaralebulebis mier micemuli Cvenebebi, magram
ratomRac yuradReba ar miaqcia am Cvenebebis im nawils,
romliTacdasturdeba,romzemoTaRniSnuliTurqeTis
moqalaqeebi: `nino,~ misi meuRle, esemina da misi meuRle
adema, dakavebul iqnen TurqeTis policiis mier swored
am dazaralebulTa gancxadebis safuZvelze.
2. gamoZiebas unda gadaemowmebina es faqti. kerZod,
marTlac iyvnen Tu ara isini dakavebuli TurqeTis
policiis mier da Tu igi dadasturdeboda, gamoeyenebi-
na SesaZlebloba `saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisa sisx-
lis samarTlis sferoSi~, raTa daedginaT gamoZiebiT
daudgeneli es pirebi da samarTlebrivi daxmarebis
safuZvelze CaetarebinaT garkveuli saxis sagamoZie-
bo Tu sasamarTlo moqmedebebi. amiT ki gamyardeboda
x. y-is mimarT wardgenili braldeba adamianiT vaWro-
bis (trefikingis) Sesaxeb. miT umetes saqarTvelosa da
TurqeTis respublikas urTieTSoris dadebuli aqvs
samoqalaqo, savaWro da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze
samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb xelSek-
ruleba 1996 wlis 4 aprilis, romelic ZalaSia 1998 wlis
15 noembridan.
3. gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo organoebis mier ar aris
dadgenili realurad gadasca Tu ara vinme `ninom~ z.
yirimels 3000 dolari da marTlac gaiyidnen Tu ara T.

377. 376
k-Ze da i. b-Ze. es faqti ar daudgenia arc gamoZiebasa da
arc sasamarTlos, igi mxolod efuZneba dazaralebulis
Cvenebebs, romlebmac es informacia miiRes gamoZiebiT
daudgeneli pirisagan, vinme `ninosagan.~
sakiTxavia, saerTod ar arsebobs ki es nino, an Tu arse-
bobs, aseTi informacia marTlac miiRes misgan?
4. gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo organoebs aseve unda daedg-
inaT, ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles is, rom dazaraleb-
ulebma mimarTes adgilobriv (Turq) samarTaldamcav or-
ganoebs da maTi daxmarebiT daibrunes pasportebi.
5. samwuxarod, rogorc saqalaqo, ise saolqo (amJamad
saapelacio) da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebi
gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis dadgenisas efuZnebian mx-
olod dazaralebulebis i. b-Zisa da T. k-Zis Cvenebebs.
xolo braldebuli x. yirimeli, misi meuRle, sidedri,
simamri, ra Tqma unda, saubroben x. y-is (braldebulis)
sasargeblod. Rac Seexeba Turq moqalaqeebs, maTgan ara
Tu Cvenebebi ar aris miRebuli, aramed maTi vinaobac
araa dadgenili.
6. aseve, gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo organoebi unda
dainteresebuliyvnen dazaralebulis T. k-Zisa da i.
b-Zis CvenebebiT, sadac naTqvamia: `erT dRes, maT rog-
orRac moaxerxes gaparva da policiaSi misvla. aCvenes
policielebs saxli, sadac isini imyofebodnen da poli-
ciam daapatimra TurqeTis oTxive moqalaqe. dazarale-
bulTa am Cvenebis gadamowmebiT gamoZieba da sasamarT-
lo advilad daadgenda am pirTa vinaobas da SeZlebda
maT dakiTxvas Turqi samarTaldamcavi organos TanamS-
romelTa daxmarebiT, rac ratomRac ar gakeTda.

378. 377
Uunda aRiniSnos, rom samwuxarod, sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi arsebul xarvezebs braldebulis sasargeblod
ar iyenebs saqmeSi monawile damcvelic.
interess iwvevs aseve sisxlis samarTlis saqme – nov-
bar isxan-kizi n. g-evas mimarT adamianiT vaWrobis
braldebiT.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi braldebul
(gansasjel) n. g-evas mimarT wardgenili braldeba
ZiriTadad gamyarebulia dazaralebul s. b-vas mier
micemuli CvenebiT. sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros mowmis
saxiT ar dakiTxulan is pirebi, vinc TurqeTSi iyvnen s.
b-evas gverdiT, mag: vinme `manana,~ `nino~.
rac Seexeba Tea d-Zes, igi dakiTxul iqna winaswari
gamoZiebis stadiaze, magram ratomRac misi warmodgena
ver moxerxda sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
Mmocemul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sxdomaze wakiTxul
iqna T. d-Zis Cveneba, rac gaiziara sasamarTlom da sa-
fuZvlad daudo gamamtyunebel ganaCens.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze faqtobrivad n.
g-evas mimarT sxva dakiTxuli mowmeebi mis sawinaaRmde-
god Cvenebas ar iZlevian. xolo rac Seexeba vinme `manan-
as,~ `ninos,~ romlebTanac TurqeTSi Semxebloba hqonda
dazaralebulad cnobil s. b-vas, maTi warmodgena da da-
kiTxva ver moxerxda, verc winaswari gamoZiebis stadi-
aze, verc sasamarTlo sxdomaze. gamoZiebam da sasamarT-
lom ar isargebles saq. sssk-iT gaTvaliswinebuli saer-
TaSoriso samarTlebrivi daxmarebis institutiT. A
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom n. g-evas mimarT wardge-

379. 378
nil braldebas da gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni damyarebu-
lia mxolod dazaralebulis urTierTsawinaaRmdego
Cvenebaze da T. d-Zes mier winaswari gamoZiebisaTvis
micemuli Cvenebaze, romelic wakiTxuli iqna sasamarT-
los sxdomaze. Aarada gamamtyuvnebeli ganaCeni unda
emyarebodes utyuar mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas
(iseve rogorc sabraldebo daskvna da yvela sxva sap-
roceso gadawyvetileba - saq. sssk-is me-10 mux. mesame
nawili – Zv. kodeqsi).
sasamarTlo ukritikod iRebs dazaralebulad cnobil
b-vas urTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebas sasamarTlos
sxdomaze, sadac igi saubrobs, rom: g-vam miTxra, main-
teresebs, sad cxovrob da pasporti manaxeo, vaCvene pas-
porti da g-evam amis Semdeg aRar damibruna.
ramdenad gasaziarebelia es Cveneba? gana n. g-eva, ver
xedavda, sad cxovrobda s. b-va TurqeTSi? Aan amgvari
informaciis misaRebad ra aucileblobas warmoadgens
pasportSi Caxedva? aseve s. b-eva saubrobs imis Sesaxeb,
rom Tu `g-eva ar gagviyvanda, CveniT gareT ver gavi-
dodiT, pasporti ar gvqonda da policia dagviWerdao.
b-vasesCvenebaarundaCaiTvalossarwmunod,radganTu
mas pasporti marTlac warTmeuli hqonda, aseT SemTx-
vevaSi n. g-eva ver iqneboda garanti imisa, rom policia
maT ar daiWerdaT. Tu b-vas imis Tqma surs, rom gojae-
vasTan erTad quCaSi yofnisas policiels am gogonebis
passports Tavad g-eva (e.w. trefikeri) warudgenda,
aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavad gojaevas mimarT gaCndeboda
eWvi, radgan mas Tan daaqvs ucxo moqalaqeTa (Tanac ax-
algazrda gogonebis) pasporti. A
Aaq sasamarTlos sxva kiTxvac unda gasCenoda: Tuki go-

380. 379
jaevas es gogonebi marTlac gahyavda quCaSi Tavisi meg-
zurobiT, ra garantia hqonda mas, rom isini policiis
gamoCenis SemTxvevaSi, iqve, gojievas TandaswrebiT ar
mimarTavdnen mas saSvelad da ar amxeldnen gojaevas?
Aanda, ratom erTxelac ar isargebles momentiT, roca
quCaSi midiodnen da Sexvdnen an Cauares policiels,
Tuki marTlac iZulebiT iyvnen dakavebuli gojaevas
mier?
sasamarTlossrulyofiladundagamoekvliayveleferi
es da gamoetana Sesabamisi daskvna.
sisxlis samarTlis saqme m. C-Zis braldebis gamo
(adamianiT vaWroba)
mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmec iseve rogorc yve-
la winamdebare, daiwyo dazaralebulis gancxadebiT.
aRniSnul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi micmeul iqna mxolod marina (oganesiani)
CxikvaiZe. dazaralebulis (msxverplis) dilrabo r-vas
CvenebiT gamoikveTa pirTa jgufi, romlebic monawil-
eobdnen dazaralebulis sazRvargareT (kerZod ki, ara-
beTis gaerTianebul emiratebSi) gayvanaSi, magram ra-
tomRac sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadga
mxolod m. (oganesiani) C-Zis mimarT. gamoZiebis orga-
noebi ar dainteresdnen sxva pirTa saqmianobiT, romle-
bic ar arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeni, rom araferi vTq-
vaT uzbekeTisa da arabTa gaerTianebuli emiratebis
moqalaqeebze.
gamoZiebas ar gadaumowmebia dazaralebul d. r-vas
mier micemuli Cvenebis siswore. dazaralebulma ki Tav-
is CvenebaSi daasaxela uamravi piri (aseve aRwera maTi
garegnoba), riTac gamoZiebas misca SesaZlebloba, Sees-

381. 380
wavla obieqturi realoba, daedgina iuridiuli faqti
da masTan dakavSirebuli garemoebani. yovelive es ar
iqna gamoyenebuli gamoZiebis organoebis mxridan.
kerZod, gamoZiebas saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dax-
marebis safuZvelze SeeZlo uzbekeTis moqalaqis, e.w.
gamoZiebiT daudgeneli vinme `nargizas~ dadgena da mis-
gan Cvenebis miReba (dazaralebulma kargad icoda da aR-
wera kidec misi sacxovrebeli adgili q. samaryandaSi).
gamoZiebas aseve SeeZlo braldebulis Cvenebis safuZ-
velze daedgina turisruli firmis saxelwodeba da
adgilsamyofeli. Semdeg ki gaerkvia am firmis Tanam-
Sromel vinme `iras~ pirovneba, raTa garkveuliyo, ra
roli iTamaSa man mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi. A
gamoZiebas unda daedgina, ase martivad rogor moaxerx-
es saqmeSi monawile pirebma, uzbekeTis moqalaqisaTvis
saqarTvelos moqalaqis piradobis damadasturebeli
mowmobis, sazRvargareTis pasportis da emiratebis
vizis damzadeba (vin ganaxorciela yovelive es)?
gamoZiebas saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi daxmarebis in-
stitutis gamoyenebiT unda daedgina dazaralebulis
CvenebaSi miTiTebuli pirebi, romlebic cxovrobdnen
arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebis Semdeg qalaqebSi:
q. bardubaiSi (qalbatoni samira, romlis telefonis
nomeric ki icodnen), q. rigasTridiSi (indusi, vinme
faruxi).
saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi daxmarebis institutis
gaTvaliswineba sxvadasxva qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT,
upirveles yovlisa, imas niSnavs, rom kacobriobam,
msoflio sazogadoebam, erToblivad, organizebulad

382. 381
ganaxorcielos brZola, iseTi saSiSi transnaciona-
luri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg, rogoricaa adamianiT
vaWroba.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi gvxdeba iseTi SemTxvevac,
rocabraldebisdadasturebisaTvisTavaddazarale-
bulis Cvenebac ki ver gamodgeba. Aamis magaliTia
Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa kolegiis mier ganxiluli sisxlis samarT-
lis saqme zoia aloianis mimarT- nomeri 1/a-141 (ada-
mianiT vaWroba).
ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi naTqvamia: dazarale-
bulma naTia x-Svilma da dazaralebulma Tea p-Svilma
daadastures maT mier winaswar gamoZiebaSi micemuli
Cvenebebi.
gana sasamarTlos misia isaa, rom darwmundes – winaswari
gamoZiebis dros procesis monawileebis mier micemuli
Cveneba identuria sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros mice-
muli Cvenebisa?
zoia aloianis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, zoia aloia-
nis braldeba gamyarebulia imiT, rom: z. aloianma gaay-
alba dazaralebulis - naTia x-Svilisa da Tea p-Svilis
pasportebi, kerZod, gadaaswora dabadebis TariRebi,
ramdenadac `q. dubaiSi 30 wlamde mandilosnebs ar uS-
vebdnen,~ Semdgom ganaCenSi SeniSnulia, rom q. dubais
aeroportSi gamovlinda xsenebuli pirebis pasporteb-
Si siyalbe da moxda maTi deportacia. ganaCenis mixed-
viT, amis Semdeg dazaralebulebma dawves bileTebi da
vizebi, xolo pasportebi ki miutanes m. x-Svils, rac ver
iqna amoRebuli.
gamodis, rom z. aloianis braldebis damadasturebeli

383. 382
mTeli rigi mtkicebulebebi (maT Soris gayalbebuli
pasportebi) saqmeSi ar aris, rCeba mxolod dazarale-
bulTa Cvenebebi, saidanac srulebiTac ar dasturdeba
dazaralebulad cnobili gogonebis motyuebis faqti,
radgan maT ver CaaRwies dubaimde. Aamdenad, gaurkveve-
lia, ra bedi ewodaT maT, rom Casuliyvnen daniSnulebis
adgilas.
sasamarTloebi saqmis ganxilvisas zogjer gverds
uvlian procesis uSualobisa da zepirobis princi-
pis gamoyenebas (sssk me-20 m-is me-2 da me-3 naw.- Zveli
kodeqsi), romlis mixedviTac sasamarTlo sxdomaze
dakiTxuli piri Cvenebas iZleva zepirad (me-2 n.) da
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad udevs mx-
olod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic gamorkveuli iyo
sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT (me-3 n.).
Yyvelaferi es ki niSnavs imas, rom sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebassafuZvladundadaedosarawinaswargamoZie-
baSi micemuli Cvenebebi, aramed procesze uSualod mos-
menili da gamokvleouli Cvenebebi (marTalia, SesaZle-
belia ZiebaSi micemuli Cvenebis gamoqveynebis SesaZle-
blobac, magram es kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevaSi).
Aamis magaliTad gamodgeba T. q-avas mimarT ss saqme ada-
mianiT vaWrobis braldebiT.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa kolegiis mier gamotanil ganaCenSi aRniSnu-
lia, rom: `gansasjel Tamar qarCavas mier sasamarTlo
sxdomaze micemuli aRiarebiTi Cveneba danaSaulis Cad-
enis Sesaxeb, aseve dadasturebulia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze winaswari gamoZiebisas Sekrebil mtkicebule-
baTa erTobliobiT~ da CamoTvlis winaswari gamoZiebis
mier mopovebul mtkicebulebaTa saxeebs. ris Sedega-
dac daaskvnis, amdenad, `sasamarTlos dadasturebu-

384. 383
lad miaCnia, rom gansasjelma T.q-avam Caidina adamianiT
vaWroba (trefikingi), dazaralebulis sazRvargareT
gavyaniT, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sssk-is
1431
muxlis meore nawilis `e~ qvepunqtiT.~
rogorc vxedavT, uSualod sasamarTlo sxdomaze mos-
menil da gamokvleul iqna mxolod gansasjelis Cveneba,
romelic marTalia, iyo aRiarebiTi, magram es sss kanon-
mdeblobiT srulebiT araa sakmarisi gamamtyuvnebeli
ganaCenis dasadgenad.
sasamarTlo gansasjelis mier micemuli Cvenebis dasa-
dastureblad iSveliebs winaswar gamoZiebaSi Sekrebil
mtkicebulebebs, rac mas uSualod ar mousmenia da ar
gamoukvlevia.
praqtikaSi vawydebiT SemTxvevas, roca gamoZiebam
marTalia, isargebla saerTaSoriso ss daxmarebiT,
ris safuZvelzec moxda dazaralebulis mier dasax-
elebul pirTa (savaraudod `trefikerTa~) dakiTxva,
magram maTi Cveneba ss saqmeSi darCa mxolod Cvenebad
da ar dadga maTi ss pasuxisgebaSi micemis sakiTxi.
Aamis magaliTad gamodgeba sisxlis samarTlis saqme ada-
mianiT vaWrobisaTvis m- a-iZis braldebaze.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saerTaSoriso
samarTlebrivi daxmarebis gziT, saqarTvelos general-
uri prokuraturis werilis safuZvelze moxda Turqe-
Tis moqalaqeebis dakiTxva. maTi Cvenebebi gadmogza-
vnil iqna saqarTvelos generalur prokuraturaSi
da daerTo saqmes, magram ucnobia, ra zomebi gatarda
adamianiT vaWrobaSi monawile TurqeTis moqalaqeebis
mimarT. kerZod, iqnen Tu ara isini sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi micemulni.

385. 384
maS, ra azri aqvs im ucxoelTa dakiTxvas, romelTac ada-
mianiT vaWrobis msxverpli amxels danaSaulSi, Tuki maT
mimarT ucxo qveyanaSi ar ganxorcieldeba ss devna da am
saqmeSi ar iTanamSromleben saqarTvelosa da sxva qvey-
nis Sesabamisi organoebi?
vfiqrobT, unda Seiqmnas raime samarTlebrivi meqaniz-
mi, rac mogvcems imis garantias, rom saerTaSoriso
sisxlissamarTlebrivi daxmarebis safuZvelze mopove-
buli mtkicebulebebi ar darCeba iuridiuli Sefasebis
gareSe, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise sxva qveyanaSi. Ees ki
aamaRlebs am institutis mniSvnelobas transnaciona-
luri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi.

386. 385
goCa mamulaSvili
samarTlis doqtori
Tavi IVTavi IV
arasrulwlovniT - vaWrobis (trefikingi)arasrulwlovniT - vaWrobis (trefikingi)
samarTlebriv-sociologiuri analizisamarTlebriv-sociologiuri analizi
§1. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)
meTodologia. bavSvTa trefikingis kvlevisas dav-
emyareT sisxlis samarTlis samecniero literaturas,
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sociologiur kvleveb-
sa da informaciebs, saerTaSoriso aqtebs da erovnul
kanonmdeblobas,sasamarTlopraqtikasdastatistikas,
sagazeTo statiebs da informaciebs internetis qselSi,
Ecpat internaƟonal-is angariSebs72
, CavatareT gamokiTxva
sxvadasxvaarasamTavroboorganizaciebisdasamarTal-
72
Ecpat _ abreviatura niSnavs `bolo movuRoT bavSvTa prosti-
tucias, bavSvTa pornografias da bavSvebiT vaWrobas seqsua-
luri mizniT~. es aris saerTaSoriso qseli organizaciebisa
da kerZo pirebisa, romlebic erTad muSaoben bavSvTa pros-
tituciis, pornografiis da vaWrobis aRmosafxvrelad. Ecpat-
is mandati iTvaliswinebs bavSvTa komerciul seqsualur
eqspluataciasTan brZolas. igi daarsda 1991 wels rogorc
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da kerZo pirebis jgufi
aziaSi bavSvTa seqsturizmis aRmofxvris kampaniisTvis. 1996
wels am jgufma gaacnobiera, rom bavSvTa komerciuli seqsua-
luri eqspluatacia izrdeba da xdeba globaluri fenomeni,
romelsac ramdenime forma aqvs. gadawyda, rom gazrdili-
yo misi sazRvrebi da mas moecva iseTi sakiTxebic, rogori-
caa bavSvTa pornografia da bavSvebiT vaWroba seqsualuri
eqspluataciis mizniT. igi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriv
organizaciad gadaiqca. misi qseli Sedgeba 69 jgufisa da in-
dividualuri wevrisgan, romlebic msoflios 70-ze met qveya-
naSi muSaoben. misma kvlevebma da angariSebma didi daxmareba
gagviwia problemis Seswavlasa da gaanalizebaSi.

387. 386
damcavi organizaciebis warmomadgenlebTan, romlebic
trefikingis msxverpl bavSvebTan muSaoben.
kvlevisTvis SeZlebisdagvarad mravalmxrivi informa-
cia movipoveT. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom arasrulwlovanTa
winaaRmdeg danaSaulis Sesaxeb monacemTa erTiani bazis
ararseboba saqarTveloSi didi xelSemSleli faqtoria
warmatebuli kvlevisa da swori daskvnebis gasakeTe-
blad.
ZiriTadi normatiuli baza bavSvTa trefikingisa da se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg
XX saukunis pirveli naxevridan msoflio Tanamego-
brobis zrunvis sagnad iqca bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis
uzrunvelyofa. saxeldobr, 1924 wels JenevaSi miRe-
bul iqna deklaracia bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb, 1959
wels _ gaeros deklaracia bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb,
1989 wels _ gaeros konvencia bavSvis uflebebis Ses-
axeb, 1995 wels _ pekinis moqmedebaTa platforma, 1996
wels bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis
winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso kongresze, stokholmSi, Se-
muSavda RonisZiebaTa gegma, romelic stokholmis geg-
mis saxeliTaa cnobili. dReisaTvis es gegma miRebuli
da aRiarebulia 161 qveynis mier. am RonisZiebaTa gagr-
Zeleba iyo meore kongresi, romelic 2001 wels Catarda
iaponiaSi (iokohama) da mesame kongresi, romelic bra-
ziliaSi Catarda 2008 wels da a.S.
dResdReobiT saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mier ada-
mianebiT vaWrobasa da monobasTan sabrZolvelad miRe-
bulia saerTaSoriso aqtebis iseTi raodenoba, romel-
sac TavisTavad sWirdeba sistematizacia da ganzogade-

388. 387
ba maTi urTierTkavSiris asaxsnelad, winaaRmdegobaTa
aRmosafxvrelad. (dReisaTvis miRebulia 22 aqti).
rogorc aRvniSneT, pirveli damoukidebeli dokumen-
ti, romelic msoflio Tanamegobrobam bavSvTa ufle-
bebis dasacavad miiRo, iyo bavSvis uflebebis Jenevis
deklaracia, romelic jer kidev 1924 wels gamocxadda.
bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb sxva umniSvnelovanes saerTa-
Soriso dokumentebs miekuTvneba _ msoflio deklara-
cia bavSvTa gadarCenis, dacvisa da ganviTarebis uzrun-
velyofis Sesaxeb, romelic miRebulia gaeros 1990 wlis
30 seqtembris msoflio Sexvedraze.
2002 wlis briuselis deklaracia adamianebiT vaWro-
bis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, prioritetul interesad Tvlis
bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan brZolas. deklaracia evropul
da msoflio sazogadoebas mouwodebs am mimarTulebiT
Zalisxmevis Semdgomi ganviTarebisken, agreTve, konk-
retuli RonisZiebebis da standartebis SemuSavebisa
da saukeTeso gamocdilebis gavrcelebisaken adamianiT
vaWrobasTan sabrZolvelad.
2000 wlis 15 noembers palermoSi (italia) miRebul
iqna transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis adamianTa, gansakuTrebiT
qalebiTa da bavSvebiT vaWrobis Tavidan acilebis,
aRkveTisa da damnaSaveTa dasjis damatebiTi protoko-
li. am dokumentSi mocemulia adamianebiT vaWrobis
Zalian farTo ganmarteba. oqmi aseve ganmartavs eqspl-
uataciis cnebasac.
bolo wlebSi evropis sabWom didi roli iTamaSa rigi
sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis momzadebaSi bavSvTa se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.
saxeldobr, 2004 wels ZalaSi Sevida konvencia kiber-

389. 388
damnaSaveobis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviTac rekomende-
bulia, kriminalizebul iqnes kompiuteruli sistemis
meSveobiT bavSvTa pornografiis damzadeba, gavrcele-
ba, gadacema, SeTavazeba, aseve misi floba kompiuter-
ul sistemaSi an monacemTa Senaxvis saSualebebSi. 2005
wlis 16 maiss miRebulia evropis sabWos konvencia
adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZo-
lis Sesaxeb; cota xnis win evropis sabWom miiRo axali
konvencia bavSvTa dasacavad eqspluataciisa da seq-
sualuri xasiaTis xelyofisagan (CSEA), romelic Riaa
xelmosawerad 2007 wlis 25 oqtombridan. konvencia
miznad isaxavs bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis da se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg brZolas, msxver-
pli bavSvebis uflebebis dacvas, saerTaSoriso TanamS-
romlobis gaZlierebas am movlenasTan sabrZolvelad.
sainteresoa is faqti, rom es konvencia danaSaulad
aRiarebs sainformacio sakomunikacio teqnologiebis
meSveobiT bavSvTa pornografiasTan daSvebis SesaZle-
blobis Segnebulad micemas da Semoaqvs axali danaSau-
lis gansazRvreba, romelic qarTulad vTargmneT ro-
gorc `kiber-arSiyi~.
zemoT motanili saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebis da konven-
ciebis debulebebi ama Tu im formiT da xarisxiT trans-
formirebulia araerTi qveynis erovnul kanonmdeblo-
baSi. dReisTvis msoflios 180 qveyanas aqvs kanonmde-
bloba adamianebiT vaWrobasTan sabrZolvelad, Tumca
es meqanizmebi urTierTgansxvavebulia. qveynebis erTi
nawili adamianebiT vaWrobas aigivebs prostitucias-
Tan da maWanklobasTan (germania, holandia, espaneTi da
sxv.), qveynebis meore nawili adamianebiT vaWrobas ar
aigivebs maWanklobasTan an iZulebiT prostitucias-
Tan da damoukidebel pasuxismgeblobas adgens uSualod
adamianis gayidvisTvis (poloneTi, ukraina, saqarTvelo

390. 389
da sxv.). aris qveynebi, romlebic adamianiT vaWrobas Tum-
ca ar aigiveben maWanklobasTan, magram arc calke pasux-
ismgeblobas adgenen adamianis yidva-gayidvisTvis. maTi
kodeqsebiT gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba adamia-
nis motacebisTvis an/da Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkve-
TisTvis. termini `adamianiT vaWroba~ maT kodeqsebSi ar
gamoiyeneba (iaponia, dania, Svecia, bulgareTi da sxv.).
zogierTi qveynis kanonmdeblobiT pasuxismgebloba
calkea gaTvaliswinebuli adamianebis gadabirebisTvis
seqsualuri an sxva saxis eqspluataciisTvis (israeli,
belarusi, uzbekeTi da sxv.).73
yovelive es imaze metyvelebs, rom sxvadasxva kul-
turebs da saerTaSoriso wyaroebs gansxvavebulad es-
miT am movlenis Sinaarsi.
rac Seexeba qarTuli antitrefikinguli kanonmde-
blobis geneziss, Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi
termins `adamianebiT vaWroba~ ar icnobs, Tumca bavS-
vebis motaceba da stambulis bazarze gayidva qarTuli
sinamdvilis samarcxvino furceli iyo. swored amitom,
Zveli qarTuli samarTlis wyaroebSi adamianis gayidvis
amkrZalav normebs vxvdebiT. magaliTad, me-16 sauku-
nis pirveli naxevris qarTuli samarTlis Zegli `kaTa-
likosTa samarTali~ gvamcnobs, rom Tu vinme kacs gay-
idis, miuxedavad socialuri mdgomareobisa, SeCvenebiT
daisjeba (SeCveneba umaRlesi saeklesio sasjelia). Tu
gamoZiebiT uciloblad dadgindeba, rom pirma kaci
gayida, unda daixsnas da sauravi daaurvos misi samw-
ysos episkoposs da mis batons. Tu amas ver gaakeTebs-
sikvdiliT daisjeba (Zelsa mieces).74
vaxtang meeqvsis
73
ix. Предотвращение торговли людьми и эксплуатации детей, Киев, 2006.
74
ix. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi I, Tb., 1963, gv. 393.

391. 390
samarTlis wignis 96-e da 97-e muxlebi adamianis, maT Soris
bavSvis gayidvis akrZalvas eTmoba75
.
ssr kavSiri adamianebiT vaWrobis problemas ar aRi-
arebda. Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi
aqtebis ratifikaciis dros specialur daTqmas akeTeb-
da imis Sesaxeb, rom amgvari movlena qveyanaSi ar arse-
bobs da ratifikacia mxolod im mizniT xdeboda, rom
sxva qveynebis ZalisxmevisTvis mxari daeWira. cxadia,
rom yvelaferi aseTi calsaxa ar iyo. saukunis bevri
grandiozuli mSenebloba iZulebiTi SromiT xorciel-
deboda, romelic scildeboda Sromis saerTaSoriso
organizaciis standartebs da eqspluataciis saxe hqon-
da.76
samSobiaro saxlebidan Cvil bavSvTa gayidva aseve
Cveulebrivi praqtika iyo sabWoTa sinamdvileSi.
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ssr kavSiris daSlam, gegmi-
uri centralizebuli ekonomikidan sabazro ekonomika-
ze gadasvlam, didi socialuri Zvrebi gamoiwvia. post-
sabWoTa qveynebSi ekonomikurma vardnam ganapiroba
umuSevroba, cxovrebis pirobebis mkveTri gauareseba,
masobrivi migracia dasavleTis qveynebSi. aseT viTa-
rebaSi bavSvTa didi raodenoba aRmoCnda daucveli sx-
vadasxva formis eqspluataciisgan.
1997 wlis 17 oqtombris kanoniT, saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqss daemata 1272
-e muxli _ bavSviT
vaWroba, romliTac pasuxismgebloba dadginda bavSvis
yidva-gayidvisa an sxva garigebis ganxorcielebisT-
vis. amave Sinaarsis normam asaxva hpova axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 172-e muxlSi. 2006 wlis 25 ivliss
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss daemata 1432
-e muxli aras-
rulwlovniT vaWroba, romelSic saerTaSoriso stan-
75
ix. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi I, Tb., 1963, gv. 506.
76
ix. Е. Б. Мизулина, Торговля людьми и рабство в России, М., 2006.

392. 391
dartebis Sesabamisad Camoyalibda trefikingis da-
naSaulis Semadgenloba, xolo 2007 wlis 8 maiss, tre-
fikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos
rekomendaciis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss
daemata 1433
-e muxli _ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikin-
gis) msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba. evrosabWos
CarCo gadawyvetilebebis safuZvelze sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqss aseve daemata 2551
-e (arasrulwlovanis
Cabma pornografiuli nawarmoebis damzadebasa da gas-
aRebaSi, 25.07.2006) da 3441
-e muxli (saqarTvelos sax-
elmwifo sazRvarze migrantis ukanono gadayvana an/da
saqarTveloSi yofnisTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna,
25.07.2006).
bavSvTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnul meqa-
nizmebs (instrumentebs) Soris unda davasaxeloT saqa-
rTvelos 2006 wlis 28 aprilis kanoni adamianiT vaWro-
bis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb. amasTa-
nave, saqarTvelom SeimuSava da 2006 wlis 20 noembridan
aamoqmeda msxverplis interesebis dacvaze orientire-
buli erovnuli referaluri meqanizmi. trefikingis
msxverpl, dazaralebul bavSvTa mimarT gamoiyeneba
gaeros 1989 wlis bavSvTa uflebaTa konvenciiT da ada-
mianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis
Sesaxeb evropis sabWos konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
bavSvTa uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebi da saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis mier adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpl bavS-
vTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb miRebuli saxelmZRvane-
lo miTiTebebi.
2006 wels miRebul iqna kanoni `ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkve-
Tis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da dax-
marebis Sesaxeb~, romelic ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpl
bavSvTa dacvasa da reabilitacias iTvaliswinebs.
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos gaaCnia sa-

393. 392
Tanado normatiuli baza, rogorc adamianebiT vaWro-
basTan, ise momijnave danaSaulebTan sabrZolvelad,
rogorebicaa: ukanono migracia, arasrulwlovnis Cabma
prostituciaSi, pornografiuli nawarmoebis damzade-
basa da gasaRebaSi, maTxovrobasa an sxva antisazogadoe-
briv qmedebaSi, adamianis organos an qsovilis aRebis
iZuleba, ukanono garigeba Svilad ayvanis mizniT da sxv.
§ 2. bavSvebis trefikingi da komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluatacia rogorc Tanamedroveobis globaluri
problema
saerTaSorisostandartebiTbavSvadiTvleba18wlamde
asakis yoveli adamiani, Tuki romelime qveynis kanonm-
deblobis mixedviT, bavSvi ufro adre ar aRwevs srul-
wlovnebas.
msoflioSi wlidan wlamde sul ufro meti bavSvi
gahyavT sxvadasxva qveynebsa Tu regionebSi ama Tu im
aralegaluri samuSaos Sesasruleblad, komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluataciisaTvis, Svilad asayvanad da
sxva mizniT.
eqspertebis SefasebiT yovelwliurad msoflioSi 1-1,2
milioni bavSvi xdeba vaWrobis msxverpli. arsebobs ase-
Ti statistikac: globaluri masStabiT trefikingis
msxverplTa 80%-mde gogonebia, aqedan 50% arasrul-
wlovania. Tumca dResdReobiT vaWrobisa da eqsplua-
taciis msxverpli bavSvebis zusti ricxvis gansazRvris
SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs, radganac ar arsebobs say-
ovelTaod aRiarebuli meTodika amgvari SefasebebisT-
vis, aseve trefikingis Sinaarsis erTgvarovani gageba
sxvadasxva kulturebSi. SedarebiT iolia am cifris
gansazRvra erTi qveynis farglebSi, Tumca aqac sx-

394. 393
vadasxva wyarodan miRebuli informacia maT sakuTar
interesebs ufro asaxavs, vidre problemis arss. mag-
aliTad, saxelmwifo informaciis wyaroebi amcireben
an saerTod uaryofen problemis arsebobas, saerTa-
Soriso arenaze sakuTari reputaciis dasacavad, xolo
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monacemebi xSirad
moklebulia dasabuTebulobas.
bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organizaciebis marTebuli
midgomiT, erTi bavSvis eqspluataciac ki, ukve bevria.
Tumca, samwuxarod, amgvari bavSvebis raodenoba mil-
ionebs aRwevs.
bavSvebiT vaWroba xorcieldeba rogorc ama Tu im qvey-
nis farglebs gareT, ise erTi qveynis SigniTac. ufro
gavrcelebul movlenad iTvleba maTi sazRvargareT gay-
idva.adamianebiTvaWrobasTandakavSirebulqveynebs,geo-
grafiuli sazRvrebis gadalaxviT sam kategoriad yofen:
warmoSobis qveyana, tranzitis qveyana da daniSnulebis
qveyana. zogierTi qveyana samive kategoriaSi xvdeba, mag-
aliTad, ruseTi, CineTi, brazilia da sxv.
iaraRiTa da narkotikebiT vaWrobisagan gansxvavebiT
bavSvebiT vaWroba SedarebiT usafrTxo, naklebad sa-
risko biznesia. Tanac bavSvebi ramdenjerme SeiZleba
iqcnen yidva-gayidvis sagnad, rasac miliardobiT Semo-
savali moaqvs.
vaWrobis da sazogadod eqspluataciis msxverpli bavS-
vebis zrda dakavSirebulia ekonomikur krizisTan,
siRaribesTan, saomar konfliqtebTan, bunebriv katak-
lizmebTan, sust saimigracio kontrolTan, arasrul-
wlovnebis seqsualur momsaxurebaze moTxovnilebis
zrdasTan da sxva uamrav mizezTan.

395. 394
vaWrobis an sxva ukanono garigebis msxverpli bavS-
vebi gamoiyeneba komerciuli seqsualuri eqsplua-
taciisTvis, romlis formebia bavSvTa prostitucia,
bavSvTa pornografia, bavSvTa seqsturizmi, aseve Sro-
mis eqspluataciisTvis; danaSaulebriv, Tu sxva anti-
sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi Casabmelad, iZulebiTi do-
norobisTvis da sxv.
srulwlovanTa trefikingis msgavsad, bavSvTa tre-
fikingic, sam stadias moicavs: msxverplis gadabireba,
transportireba da gadacema eqspluataciisTvis, ma-
gram es stadiebi SesaZloa nawilobriv daemTxves. bavS-
vebi trefikingis msxverpli xSirad imave mizezebiT
xdebian, riTac srulwlovnebi, magram bavSvebi sxvadasx-
va cxovrebiseuli gamowvevebis winaSe gamoucdelebi
arian maTi fizikuri da gonebrivi moumwifeblobis
gamo, xolo socialuri uzrunvelyofis da marTlm-
sajulebis saxelmwifoebrivi sistema xSirad bavSvebs
ar icavs saTanadod. amgvarad bavSvebis eqspluatacia
ufro iolia, vidre didebis. ar arsebobs trefikingis
msxverpli bavSvis tipi, magram arsebobs uamravi mizezi,
rac bavSvs daucvels xdis. adamianebiT vaWrobaSi bavS-
vebis CaTrevis ZiriTad xerxad Tvlian mimzidveli pi-
robebis SeTavazebas. fulis Sovnis SesaZleblobaze
bavSvebis darwmuneba iolia, radgan isini ijereben yve-
la istorias, rasac uyvebian. trefikingis msxverplad
qceuli bevri bavSvi Tvlis, rom namdvili samuSao Ses-
Tavazes sastumroSi, kafe-barSi, kerZo saxlSi. komer-
ciuli garigebis monawile bavSvebma zogjer ician, rom
ufrosi adamianebis seqsualuri momsaxurebisaTvis
gamoiyeneben, magram warmodgenac ara aqvT im Zalado-
baze, romelsac daeqvemdebarebian.
trefikingis msxverpl did riskjgufs Seadgens ojaxur
Zaladobas gamoqceuli bavSvebi. arasrulwlovnebi,

396. 395
romlebsac surT gaeqcnen ojaxur ubedurebas, ar
ufiqrdebian mosalodnel problemebs, maT ara aqvT
safrTxeebis ganWvretis gamocdileba. amgvari bavS-
vebis gadabireba SesaZlebelia iseTi xerxebiTac, ro-
goricaa TavSesafris da saWmlis SeTavazeba. upatrono
da miusafari bavSvebiT manipulireba iolia, maT in-
teresebs aravin daicavs, aravin gamoesarCleba. tre-
fikingis organizatorebma kargad ician amis Sesaxeb da
mzad arian isargeblon amiT sakuTari miznebisTvis. zo-
gierTi mSobeli Segnebulad yidis Tavis bavSvs adamia-
niT movaWreebs. amis erT-erTi mizezi siRaribea, magram
sxva faqtorebic moqmedeben: ojaxSi incestis damalvis
aucilebloba, narkotikebze damokidebuleba, iolad
fulis Sovnis survili, gogonebis diskriminacia da sxv.
dadgenilia, rom bavSvis nacnob adamianebs umniSvnelo
anazRaurebis sanacvlod, SeuZliaT gadambireblis
roli iTamaSon da daarwmunon bavSvi Caebas sxvadasxva
saxis komerciul seqsualur urTierTobebSi anda sax-
lidan Sors wavides bedis saZebrad. xSirad bavSvebi
sazRvargareT wasvlis gadawyvetilebas iReben Tavisi
da mSoblebis materialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobe-
seblad, Tavdajereblobis da damoukideblobis mo-
sapoveblad, msoflios sanaxavad da sxv. ojaxis wevrebi
xSirad amas ar ewinaaRmdegebian, radgan maTgan fulad
gzavnilebs elodebian. ucxoeTSi wasvlas advilad
Tanxmdebian sakuTar samSobloSi perspeqtivadakar-
guli bavSvebi, isini cdiloben gaeqcnen Tavi qveyanaSi
arsebul realobas da ukeTesi cxovreba ipovon sxvagan,
zogierTi daqorwinebaze fiqrobs an swavlaze da a.S.
zogjer adamianiT movaWreebi itaceben da yidian aras-
rulwlovnebs, maTi gadabirebisTvis aseve mimarTaven
muqaras da iZulebas, garda uxeSi fizikuri Zalado-
bisa, zogierTi msxverpli aracnobier mdgomareobaSi

397. 396
mohyavT alkoholis, narkotikis, toqsinebis gamoyen-
ebiT da Semdgom axorcieleben maT gadaadgilebas.
bavSvebis viqtimizaciis procesis xelSemwyob garemoe-
bebze qvemoT vimsjelebT.
msxverplis gadabirebis Semdeg xdeba misi gadayvana
daniSnulebis (eqspluataciis) adgilze. trefikingis es
stadia ar gansxvavdeba srulwlovanTa trefikingisgan.
msxverplis transportirebis xerxebi da saSualebebi
(legaluri an aralegaluri gadaadgileba, saxmeleTo,
sazRvao an sahaero transportiT, rogorc wesi arahu-
manur da saSiS pirobebSi) damokidebulia imaze, kargad
organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufTan (organizacia-
sTan) gvaqvs saqme, Tu spontanurad moqmedTan, anda in-
dividualurad, adamianiT vaWrobis garigebis rome-
lime stadiaSi monawile pirTan. rogorc wesi, adamianiT
movaWreuzrunvelyofsmgzavrobisTvisaucilebeldo-
kumentebs, mgzavrobisTvis saWiro Tanxas da satrans-
porto saSualebebs.
sabolood, daniSnulebis adgilas misuli msxver-
pli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis an individualuri
movaWris sakuTreba xdeba, saidanac mogeba unda naxon.
am etapze, aseve, mniSvnelovania msxverplze kontroli,
raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli gaqceva. amisTvis sx-
vadasxva meTodebs mimarTaven, rogoricaa msxverplis
izolireba, Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SesaZleblobis
aRkveTa, muqara, SantaJi (ojaxis wevrebis mier dagmobis
SiSi), savalo kabala da sxv.
bavSvebiT vaWroba sxvadasxva formebs iRebs: organize-
buli prostitucia, pornografia, seqsturizmi da a.S.
saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobilia bavSvTa eqspluata-

398. 397
ciis Semdegi formebi: komerciuli seqsualuri eqsplu-
atacia, romelic Tavis mxriv moicavs bavSvTa prosti-
tucias, bavSvTa pornografias, bavSvTa seqs-turizms;
bavSvTa Sromis eqspluatacia, arasrulwlovanis Cabma
danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi
(wvrilmani qurdoba, maTxovroba da sxva); organoebiT
vaWroba (iZulebiTi donoroba); arasrulwlovnebis gam-
oyeneba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi, naadrevi qorwine-
bebi da ukanono Svileba (arsebobs mravali demografi-
uli, socialuri da kulturuli xasiaTis mizezi, ris
gamoc izrdeba moTxovnileba arasrulwlovan colebze
da komerciuli mizniT Svilad ayvanaze).
zogjer bavSvebi komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataci-
is msxverplni xdebian sxva, naklebad TvalSisacem situa-
ciaSic, magaliTad, Sinamosamsaxuris saxiT maTi eqsplu-
ataciis dros, am SemTxvevaSi bavSvs qiraoben kerZo saxl-
Si an rezidenciaSi garkveuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad,
magram damsaqmebeli Tvlis, rom es bavSvi SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebul iqnes seqsualuri miznebiTac.
stokholmis 1996 wlis msoflio kongresze miRebuli
deklaraciis mixedviT `bavSvTa komerciuli seqsua-
luri eqspluatacia _ bavSvis uflebebis seriozuli
darRvevaa. igi moicavs srulwlovnis mxridan bavSvze
seqsualur Zaladobas an eqspluatacias da fuliT anda
naturiT anazRaurebas bavSvisTvis an mesame pirisTvis.
bavSvi ganixileba rogorc seqsis da vaWrobis sagani.
bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia aris
iZulebis da Zaladobis forma bavSvebze da uTanabrde-
ba iZulebiT Sromas da monobis Tanamedrove formas~.
bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluatacia xSirad trefikingis
Sedegia, zogjer ki misi dasawyisi; es aris seqsualuri
Zaladoba, romelsac srulwlovani adamiani an Tana-

399. 398
toli sCadis 18 wels miuRwevelTan, fuladi an natu-
raluri anazRaurebis sanacvlod, romelsac Tavad
bavSvs an mesame pirs uxdian.
saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT, bavSvTa komer-
ciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia komerciuli garige-
baa, romelsac mogeba moaqvs erTi an ramdenime pirisT-
vis. aq Sedis naturiT anazRaurebadi garigebebic, rad-
gan, xSirad es garigebebi ganixileba rogorc bavSvis
TanxmobiT ganxorcielebuli. sinamdvileSi ki bavSvis
seqsualuri eqspluatacia xorcieldeba mfarvelobis,
Ramis gasaTevis, skolaSi kargi Sefasebebis miRebis, sam-
saxurSi dawinaurebis sanacvlod da sxv. amgvar garige-
baze bavSvi gacnobierebul Tanxmobas veravis miscems
da igi im adamianebis msxverpli xdeba, vinc borotad
iyenebs Tavis mdgomareobas da Zalauflebas. bavSvi am
dros imyofeba ufrosi adamianis gavlenis qveS, amitom
iseT rames akeTebs, rasac Cveulebriv viTarebaSi ar
gaakeTebda. bavSvebi arasodes akeTeben arCevans seq-
sualur eqspluataciaze, amis gakeTebas maT aiZuleben
ufrosi adamianebi motyuebiT, eSmakobiT, veragobiT,
muqariT an ZaladobiT.
amgvarad, bavSvTa komerciul seqsualur eqspluata-
cias adgili aqvs maSin, roca srulwlovnebi iyeneben
bavSvs seqsualuri mizniT da anazRaureben amas fuliT,
saCuqrebiT an momsaxurebiT. saCuqari SeiZleba iyos,
magaliTad saWmeli an tansacmeli, xolo momsaxurebad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos TavSesafris micema an bavSvis dac-
va (mfarveloba).
Ecpat-is monacemebiT bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluatacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva situ-
aciaSi (viTarebaSi), kerZod, es xdeba maSin roca: a) ada-

400. 399
mianebi bavSvebTan seqsisTvis fuls ixdian bordelebSi,
sakuTar saxlebsa (binebsa) Tu quCaSi; b) adamianebi bavS-
vTan sqesobriv aqts iweren videofirze an amzadeben
fotoebs, g) bavSvebs yidian da yiduloben, raTa adami-
anebs maTTan seqsi hqondeT; d) adamianebi mogzauroben
iseT adgilebSi, sadac SesaZlebelia bavSvebTan seqsua-
luri urTierToba fulis an saCuqris sanacvlod.77
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia bavSvTa komerciul
seqsualur eqspluatacias ganixilavs bavSvTa Sromis
ukidures formad (Sso 1999 wlis konvencia bavSvTa
Sromis ukiduresi formebis Sesaxeb). saxeldobr, bavS-
vTa Sromis ukiduresi formebi moicavs: a) monobis an
monobis msgavsi praqtikis yvela formas, rogoricaa,
magaliTad, bavSvebis gayidva da bavSvebiT vaWroba,
savalo kabala da batonymuri damokidebuleba, agreTve
iZulebiTi an savaldebulo Sroma, maT Soris bavSvebis
iZulebiTi an savaldebulo daqiraveba SeiaraRebul
konfliqtebSi maTi gamoyenebis mizniT; b) bavSvis gamoy-
enebas, SeTavazebas an daqiravebas prostituciaSi, por-
nografiuli produqciis SeqmnisTvis, an pornografiu-
li warmodgenisTvis; g) bavSvis gamoyenebas, daqiravebas
an SeTavazebas marTlsawinaaRmdego saqmianobisTvis,
kerZod, narkotikebis warmoebisa da gayidvisTvis,
rogorc es gansazRvrulia Sesabamis saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebebSi; d) samuSaos, romelmac Tavisi xa-
siaTiT an pirobiT, romelSic is sruldeba, SeiZleba
ziani miayenos bavSvebis janmrTelobas, usafrTxoebas
an zneobas.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 34-e muxlis mixedviT, sax-
elmwifoebi valdebulebas kisruloben daicvan bavSvi
seqsualuri eqspluataciis da seqsualuri cdunebis
yvela formisgan. am mizniT monawile saxelmwifoe-
77
ix. www. Ecpat international.net.

401. 400
bi Rebuloben yvela aucilebel zomas, raTa Tavidan
aicilon: a) bavSvis dayolieba nebismier ukanono seqsu-
alur qmedebaze an bavSvis iZuleba monawileobdes aseT
qmedebaSi; b) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba
prostituciaSi an sxva ukanono seqsualur praqtikaSi;
g) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba pornogra-
fiasa da pornografiul masalebSi. monawile saxelmwi-
foebi, aseve, Rebuloben yvela aucilebel zomas, raTa
Tavidan aicilon bavSvTa motaceba, bavSvebiT vaWroba
an maTi kontrabanda nebismieri miznebiT da nebismieri
formiT.
bavSvTa prostitucia. bavSvTa prostituciis gan-
marteba mocemulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
damatebiT oqmSi, romlis mixedviTac bavSvTa prosti-
tucia niSnavs bavSvis gamoyenebas seqsualuri xasiaTis
moqmedebebSi fuladi an sxva saxis anazRaurebis fasad
(muxli me-2).
oqmi monawile saxelmwifoebs rekomendacias aZlevs
kriminalizebul iqnes bavSvis SeTavazeba, miReba, miwo-
deba an bavSvebiT uzrunvelyofa prostituciis mizniT.
bavSvTa prostitucia uZvelesi da globaluri prob-
lemaa. gaeros bavSvTa fondis monacemebiT, msoflioSi,
yoveldRiurad,daaxloebiT2800bavSvsaiZulebenpros-
titucias. prostituciaSi iTreven rogorc gogonebs,
ise biWebs. amasTanave, eqspertebi mianiSneben prosti-
tuciaSi Cabmuli biWebis raodenobis zrdis tendenci-
aze. magaliTad, aSS-Si komerciul seqsualur eqsplua-
taciaSi CabmulTa 51%-s biWebi Seadgenen. sazogadod,
msoflioSi aTeul aTasobiT bavSvis eqspluatacia xde-
ba prostituciaSi. eseni arian quCis bavSvebi ukrainasa
Tu ruseTSi, `pliaJis biWunebi~ Sri-lankaSi, iamaikasa
Tu keniaSi, saxlidan gamoqceuli bavSvebi aRmosavleT
Tu dasavleT evropaSi da a.S.

402. 401
globalizaciis procesebma prostituciis masStabi
gazarda. bavSvTa prostituciis yvelaze maRali done
SemCneulia did da sakurorto qalaqebSi. bavSvTa pros-
tituciis centrad eqspertebi Tvlian samxreT-aR-
mosavleT azias. amas ganapirobebs siRaribis zrda, tur-
izmis ganviTareba. gaeros bavSvTa fondis monacemebiT
erT milionze meti bavSvi aziaSi, maT Soris indoeTSi,
tailandSi, filipinebze gayidulia bordelebSi an qu-
Cis suteniorebze prostituciaSi Casabmelad. ecpat-in-
ternational-is monacemebiT es ricxvi ufro didia. magali-
Tad, 2000 wels indoeTSi 2 mln bavSvi, samxreT koreaSi
500 000, filipinebze 75 000 bavSvi iyo prostituciaSi
Cabmuli. turistul katalogebSi Sri-lanka cnobilia
rogorc biWebis prostituciis centri, sadac 44 000
bavSvia Cabmuli prostituciaSi.78
aranaklebi popularobiT sargeblobs bavSvTa prosti-
tucia sxva qveynebSi. magaliTad, აშშ–ში 2 mln meZavidan
300 000-dan 600 000-mde bavSvebi da mozardebi arian 18
wlis asakamde.79
bavSvTa prostituciis realuri masStabis gansazRvra
Zalian rTulia, Tu SeuZlebeli ara. rogorc aRvniSneT,
bavSvTa prostitucia adamianis uflebaTa Seuwynare-
beli darRveva da monobis formaa. igi Sefasebulia ro-
gorc bavSvTa Sromis ukiduresi forma, amitom im qvey-
nebSic ki, sadac prostitucia legalizebulia, bavSvTa
prostitucia kanongareTaa, xolo bavSvebis Cabma pros-
tituciaSi kriminalia.
Tu srulwlovanTa prostitucia SesaZlebelia dai-
78
Л. Д. Ерохина, М. Ю. Буряк, `Торговля женщинами и детьми в целях
сексуальной эксплуатации в социальной и криминологической перспек-
тиве~, М., 2003, с. 132.
79
iqve. gv.132.

403. 402
yos nebayoflobiT da iZulebiT prostituciad, bavS-
vTa prostitucia upirobod unda CaiTvalos rogorc
iZulebiTi. cxadia, yvela bavSvi iZulebiT ar ebme-
ba masSi, gansakuTrebiT mozardebi, magram iZuleba
romelsac isini ganicdian sxvagvaria _ ekonomikuri
an socialuri. bavSvTa prostitucias SesaZlebelia
hqondes organizebuli an araorganizebuli saxe. or-
ganizebuli saxis bavSvTa prostitucia xorcieldeba
bordelebSi, barebSi, klubebSi, sastumroebSi, sauneb-
Si, skolebSi da sxva dawesebulebebSi. araorganizebu-
li xasiaTis bavSvTa prostitucia mTlianobaSi moicavs
rogorc usaxlkaro bavSvebs, ise ojaxSi macxovrebel
bavSvebs. bavSvTa prostituciis Taviseburebad Tvlian
imas, rom misi organizatori da ZiriTadi momxmare-
beli srulwlovania. prostituciis organizatorebi
SeiZleba iyvnen ucnobi adamianebi, nacnobebi da saku-
Tari mSoblebic ki. prostituciaSi arasrulwlovanTa
Cabma xorcieldeba zemoqmedebis sxvadasxva formebiT:
fizikuri iZulebiT (cema, Seuracxyofa, Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa da a.S) an fsiqikuri iZulebiT (muqara, SantaJi,
Segoneba, motyueba, mosyidva da misT.), aseve mis gar-
eSec. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, roca mSoblebi Tavad iy-
eneben Svilebs imave mizniT. magaliTad, saerTaSoriso
qalTa uflebebis dacvis centr `la-strada ukrainas~
eqspertebis informaciiT zafxulis sezonze, yirimis
plaJebze bavSvTa prostituciis masStabi matulobs,
xSirad misi iniciatorebi mSoblebi arian. zogierT
qveyanaSi bavSvTa prostitucia kulturul CveulebaTa
Semadgeneli nawilia. magaliTad, CineTsa da iaponiaSi
Cv.w. aR-mde me-11-12 saukuneebSi moixsenieba prostitu-
cia. termini `wiTeli CiraRdnebis~ quCa am qveynebidan
momdinareobs. es kulturebi prostituciisadmi Zalian
tolerantulebi arian. eqspertebis informaciiT, ia-
poniaSi `modad~ iqca skolis moswavleTa mier sakuTari
sxeulis SeTavazeba ucnobi adamianebisTvis da mSob-
lebs arafris gakeTeba ar SeuZliaT. moswavleebi mobi-

404. 403
luri telefoniT ekontaqtebian klientebs da xvdebian
(nebayoflobiTi prostitucia), raSic jibis da yovel-
dRiuri wvrilmanebis fuls Souloben. prostituciiT
dakavebuli bavSvebi skolaSi misvlisas trabaxoben, rom
`zmanebi~ Tavisi fuliT iyides, rac bavSvebisTvis pros-
tituciis impulsi da RirebulebaTa orientiri xdeba.
arabTa emiratebSi arsebobs imis rwmena, rom Tu qalwul
gogonasTan iqonieb sqesobriv kavSirs, ganikurnebi sx-
vadasxva daavadebebisgan, maT Soris Sidsisgan. amitom
iq didi moTxovnaa qalwul gogonebze. kanadaSi pros-
tituciaSi CabmulTa 10-15%-s bavSvebi Seadgenen, xolo
zogierT provinciaSi, sadac aborigeni mosaxleobaa _
90%. braziliaSi 2 milioni bavSvia Cabmuli komerciul
seqsualur eqspluataciaSi da sxv.
samwuxarod, msoflioSi bavSvTa prostituciaze moT-
xovnileba izrdeba da sanam moTxovnileba iarsebebs,
SeTavazebac iqneba.
2.1 naadrevi qorwinebebi
zogierT qveyanaSi bavSvTa prostituciis SeniRbul
formas warmoadgens naadrevi qorwinebebi (qorwineba
18 wels miuRwevel bavSvebTan). is ufro gavrcelebulia
afrikisa da aziis rig qveynebSi, sadac miRebulia trad-
iciuli cxovrebis wesi. zogierT gogonas iZulebiT
aqorwineben, zogierTi ki Zalian პataraa gacnobierebu-
li gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. Tanxmobas am SemTxveva-
Si bavSvis saxeliT sxva iZleva, radganac bavSvs SesaZle-
bloba ar aqvs arCevanis uflebiT isargeblos, amdenad
naadrev qorwinebas iZulebiT qorwinebas miakuTvneben.
garda tradiciuli kulturisa, naadrev qorwinebebs
ganapirobebs Sesabamis qveyanaSi politikuri arastabi-
luroba, ekonomikuri siduxWire, religiuri praqtika

405. 404
da sxv. sxvanairad aseT bavSvebs kulturis msxverpl
bavSvebs uwodeben, radgan maTi ubedurebis mizezi
kulturis, maT Soris religiuri normebis zegavlenaa
(magaliTad, iZulebiTi qorwinebebi, seqsi qalwulebT-
an). amave dros, kultura ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes
Zaladobis gamarTlebis safuZvlad. aq wina planze unda
wamoiwios bavSvis uzenaesma interesebma, ra Sedegebi
mohyveba amgvar qmedebas misTvis. amgvari kulturis
gavlena bavSvze minimumamde unda davides.
saerTaSoriso praqtika bavSvTa qorwinebebs ganixi-
lavs bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis formad, rad-
gan bavSvis gadacema da miReba xdeba naRd fulze an
naturaze gacvliT. xSirad Tavad mSoblebi arian amg-
vari qorwinebis organizatorebi. raTa sargebeli mi-
iRon an ojaxis Senaxva uzrunvelyon. aseT SemTxvevaSi
mSoblebi an ojaxis wevrebi bavSvs qorwinebisTvis gad-
ascemen, raTa miiRon raime sargebeli anda SesaZleblo-
ba ojaxis Sesanaxad. magram xSirad, naadrev qorwinebaSi
aRmoCenili bavSvi kargavs bavSvis statuss da im damcav
meqanizmebs, rasac nacionaluri kanonmdebloba iTval-
iswinebs. ase magaliTad, SesaZlebelia kanonieri qor-
wineba bavSvis prostituciis farul aqtad gadaiqces.
Ecpat-is monacemebiT mdidar mamakacebze gasaTxove-
blad bangladeSidan da kambojidan gayvanili gogonebi
gayidulan da aRmoCenilan bordelebSi. centraluri
aziis postsabWoTa qveynebSi (tajikeTi, yirgizeTi)
13-16 wlis gogonebs iZulebiT aTxoveben da cvlian
fqvilze, cxvarze da sxva sasargeblo nivTebze.
es problema arc saqarTvelosTvis unda iyos ucxo,
radgan aq azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba sakmaod didi
raodenobiTaa warmodgenili, maTTvis ki naadrevi qor-
wineba kulturis nawilia. ufro metic, maT enaze colis

406. 405
moyvana niSnavs colis yidvas. garda amisa, rogorc so-
ciologiuri dakvirvebebi adasturebs, am mosaxleobis
ganaTlebisdabalidonisgamo,isiniadamianiTmovaWree-
bis advil samizne jgufs warmoadgenen, maTi darwmuneba
bavSvis momavali keTildReobiT did siZneles ar war-
moadgens. naadrevi qorwinebisaTvis gametebuli bavSvis
momavlis prognozireba Zalian rTulia. saqarTvelos
Sss-s informaciiT azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba adami-
aniT vaWrobas Zalian tolerantulad ekideba, advilia
maTi dayolieba gayidon Svili. colis yidva TurqeTis
mTianeTSic miRebuli wesia.
saqarTveloSi am problemiT dRemde aravin daintere-
sebula. es maSin, roca marneulis raionis zogierT
sofelSi arc ki ician, rom qarTul saxelmwifoSi cxov-
roben. maS, ruseTma an CineTma ra unda qnan? rogor unda
akontrolon es procesebi, Tuki erTi cida saqarTvelo
ver umklavdeba am problemas.80
2.2 bavSvTa pornografia
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis mixed-
viT `bavSvTa pornografia niSnavs sxvadasxva saSuale-
bebiT im bavSvis nebismier gamosaxvas, romelic asru-
lebs realur an modეlirebul aSkara seqsualur mo-
qmedebebs, an bavSvis sasqeso organoebis gamosaxvas
ZiriTadad seqsualuri miznebisTvis~. danaSaulia bavS-
vTa pornografiis warmoeba, gavrceleba, importi, eqs-
porti, SeTavazeba, gayidva an Senaxva zemoT aRniSnuli
miznebisTvis.
80
ix. gazeTi `axali aliansi~ #11, 3-10 aprili, 2009

407. 406
bavSvTa pornografia moicavs seqsualuri eqspluata-
ciismsxverplibavSvebisgamosaxulebasanxmisCanawers,
romelsac mozrdili adamianebi seqsualuri miznebiT
iyeneben. bavSvTa pornografia iqmneba (mzaddeba) foto-
suraTebis, slaidebis, Jurnalebis, wignebis, naxatebis,
filmebis, videoCanawerebis, kompiuteruli diskebis an
failebis formiT. eqspertebi ganasxvaveben SeniRbul
pornografias, romelic seqsualur urTierTobas ar
aCvenebs aSkarad da Ria pornografias, romelic gu-
lisxmobs seqsualur urTierTobebSi Cabmuli bavSvebis
gamosaxvasac. bavSvTa pornografiis didi nawili iqm-
neba foto da videoCanaweris formiT, rac asaxavs bavS-
vis sxeulis intimur nawilebs, srulwlovani adamianis
seqsualur moqmedebas bavSvTan an bavSvebis seqsualur
urTierTobas erTmaneTTan. bavSvebis gamoyeneba por-
nografiis warmoebaSi iTvleba maT eqspluataciad.
(aseTi qmedeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT kvali-
ficirdeba specialuri muxlebiT _ 255-e, 2551
-e da ara
1432
-e muxliT, amaze qvemoT vimsjelebT).
pornografiuli produqciiT (masaliT) vaWroba xor-
cieldeba rogorc im sociumis SigniT, sadac bavSvi
cxovrobs, ise mTel msoflioSi, maT Soris internetis
globaluri qseliT. es aris konspiraciuli, kargad
organizebuli mravalmilioniani kriminaluri biznesi
srulwlovani adamianebis garTobisTvis. bavSvTa por-
nografiis momxmarebelTa 99%-s mamakacebi Seadgenen.
isini afuZneben bavSvTa pornografiis klubebs, agrove-
ben koleqciebs da cvlian maT erTmaneTSi. dRes bavSvTa
pornografiis povna SesaZlebelia uamrav adgilas, be-
Wdur gamocemebSi (wignebi, Jurnalebi, plakatebi), mo-
bilur telefonebSi _ SMS Setyobinebebsa da gamosax-
ulebebSi, DVD da videoCanawerebSi, internetis qselSi
veb-gverdebze, CaTebSi, el-fostaSi. uaxlesma teqnol-
ogiebma Secvales pornografiis buneba. cifrulma

408. 407
kamereბma da videomagnitofonebma misi warmoeba gaaia-
fa da gaaadvila, amasTanave gaizarda gamravlebis da
gavrcelebis SesaZleblobebi. internetis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia pornografiuli produqciis gavrceleba
iafad da swrafad mTeli planetis masStabiT.
bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladoba virtualur sivrceSi
axali movlenaa, romelic sul ufro da ufro met gav-
lenas axdens mozard Taobaze dedamiwis sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi. dReisTvis sazogadoebis yvela fena imyofeba
sainformacio teqnologiebis zegavlenis qveS, magram
bavSvebi yvelaze didi enTuziastebi arian axali te-
qnologiebis gamoyenebisa, romelmac adamianTa Soris
urTierTobebis damyarebisa da SenarCunebis sruliad
axali SesaZleblobebi Seqmna. bavSvebi internetis momx-
marebeli erT miliardiani armiis avangardSi arian. Aman,
dadebiTTan erTad, uaryofiTi Sedegebic gamoiwvia.
bavSvebi daucvelni gaxdnen sxvadasxva formis Zalado-
bisagan virtualur sivrceSi. aseT safrTxeebs warmoad-
gens bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis amsaxveli masa-
lebis warmoeba, gavrceleba da gamoyeneba; qselSi gada-
kideba an `kiberarSiyi~ (`zrunviTa~ da `TayvaniscemiT~
bavSvis ndobis mopoveba iseT situaciaSi Casayeneblad,
sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba misi dazianeba); bavSvebisTvis
arasasurveli masalebis Cveneba, romelsac fsiqologi-
uri an sxva saxis zianis miyeneba SeuZlia, meZiebloba da
daSineba, devnis CaTvliT.81
81
meZiebloba da daSineba (Bulling) msxverplis SantaJs gu-
lisxmobs. bulings aseve uwodeben sxva adamianisaTvis zianis
miyenebis Segnebul da araprovocirebul mcdelobebs. Tavisi
xasiaTiT bulingi SeiZleba iyos fizikuri da sityvieri an
pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri. devna seqsualuri mizniT (Grum-
ing) internetiT an mobiluri telefoniT xdeba. igi gulisx-
mobs bavSvze gadakidebas, mudmiv kavSirs. Tu bavSvi uars
acxadebs urTierTobaze, imaleba an rcxvenia, es ufro sia-
movnebs moZalades da agrZelebs fsiqologiur zewolas.

409. 408
yvela socialuri fenis bavSvi SeiZleba gadaeyaros
nebismieri zemoTCamoTvlili formis Zaladobas kiber-
netikul sivrceSi. riskis qveS arian is mozardebic,
vinc ukve iyeneben axal teqnologiebs, da isinic vinc
momavalSi gamoiyenebs. sainformacio sakomunikacio
teqnologiebis mkveTri zrdisa da ganviTarebis kvalo-
baze izrdeba im bavSvTa raodenoba, visTvisac xelmi-
sawvdomia interneti. internetis infrastruqtura
umjobesdeba da sul ufro xelmisawvdomi xdeba bevri
regionisTvis, igi axali kulturebisTvisac gaixsna,
rac adre ar iyo xelmisawvdomi. dRes yvela socialuri
klasis, kulturis, religiis da regionis bavSvebi Sedi-
an kibernetikul sivrceSi dedamiwis sxvadasxva kuTxi-
dan, sadac iseTive urTierTobas amyareben, rogorsac
realur samyaroSi. aq isini TviTon qmnian sakuTar so-
cialur garemos, romelSic eZeben informacias, aviTa-
rebensakuTarpirovnebas,urTierTobenTanatolebTan,
andoben TavianT saidumloebebs, iZenen axal megobrebs,
TamaSoben, eZeben informacias, romelsac tabu adevs,
Sedian akrZalul zonebSi, ganicdian SiSs, stress da a.S.
kibersivrce borotmoqmedebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs
daekontaqton bavSvebs ufrosi adamianebis zedamxedv-
elobis gareSe, rac ufro rTulia realur sinamdvile-
Si, magaliTad, saxlSi an skolaSi, sadac isini meTvaly-
ureobis qveS arian. bavSvebi sul ufro xSirad sarge-
bloben internetiT saTanado zedamxedvelobis gareSe
maSin, roca isini potenciuri safrTxeebisgan dacvis
meqanizmebs ar floben. am dros isini SeiZleba waawydnen
sxvadasxva saxis Zaladobis scenas, maT Soris onlain
cdunebas (arSiys) momavali seqsualuri urTierTobebi-
sTvis. kibersivrceSi uamravi adgilia, sadac ikribebian
bavSvebi (CaTebi, sainformacio dafebi, mozardTa paem-
nis saitebi, forumebi, TamaSebi). es zrdis seqsualuri
Zaladobis moyvaruli adamianebis SesaZleblobas eZion

410. 409
da ipovnon bavSvebTan misasvleli virtualuri gzebi.
milionobiT mozards izidavs onlain TamaSebi, sadac
isini SeiZleba sxva adamianebis mavne zemoqmedebis qveS
moeqcnen. bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas
iwvevs Cati. qselSi urTierToba CaTiT Semdeg piradi
SexvedrebiT mTavrdeba, ra drosac xdeba bavSvebze se-
qsualuri Zaladoba. CaTis oTaxebi da onlain forume-
bi popularulia mozardebSi, magram iq isini SeiZleba
waawydnen onlain `Tayvaniscema-arSiyobis~ problemas,
ris Sesaxebac naklebinformirebulni arian. interneti
Zalian uwyobs xels bavSvebis viqtimizacias.
virtualuri arSiyoba gamoiyeneba pornografiis
dasamzadebladac seqsualur Temebze bavSvis saubrebSi
CaTreviT anda veb kameris gamoyenebiT bavSvis SiSveli
gamosaxulebis miRebis gziT, amgvari kavSirurTier-
Toba seqsualur moZalades damatebiT berkets aZlevs
bavSvze kontrolisTvis, radgan farTo auditoriis wi-
naSe gamJRavnebis muqara bavSvs aSinebs da morCils xdis.
yvela mozardis Seucvlel aqsesuarad iqca mobiluri
telefoni. mesame Taobis teqnologiiT SesaZlebeli
gaxda mobiluri telefoniT internetSi Sesvla. amis
gamo mSoblebisTvis sul ufro gaZneldeba zedamxed-
veloba bavSvebze, romlebic sargebloben telefoniT
onlain reJimSi. am telefonebis foto da videoga-
daRebis SesaZleblobebi maTi uSualod kibersivrceSi
gadacemis SesaZleblobas iZleva, rac kidev ufro ama-
Rlebs bavSvebis viqtimizaciis xarisxs. kibersivrceSi
sul ufro meti bavSvi eqceva seqsualuri Zaladobisa
da saziano zemoqmedebis riskis qveS. internetis da
mobiluri telefonis daaxloeba, eqspertebis varau-
diT, male kibersivrceSi mobiluri telefoniT Sesvlas
normad aqcevs, adamiani kompiuterze da stacionarul

411. 410
telefonze aRar iqneba damokidebuli kibersivrceSi
Sesasvlelad, rac kidev ufro gaarTulebs mSoblebis
da meurveebis mxridan imis kontrols, Tu rogor urT-
ierToben axalgazrdebi kibersamyaroSi. 2007 wlisTvis
mobiluri telefonebis mflobelTa raodenoba 2 mili-
ardi iyo. ecpat international-is monacemebiT, dResdReobiT
azia wynari okeanis regionSi 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebis
12%-s aqvs mobiluri telefoni.
kibersivrceSi seqsualuri Zaladobis ZiriTadi forma
pornografiaa. bavSvebis gamoyeneba pornografiuli
masalis damzadebaSi xels uwyobs bavSvis iZulebas Seu-
rigdes komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva
formebsac.
pornografiaSi nebayoflobiT CarTvis `msurveli~
bavSvebi cotaa, amitom maTi mizidva sxvadasxva xerxe-
biT xorcieldeba. pornografiaSi ufro iolia mcirew-
lovani bavSvebis CarTva, romelTac gacnobierebuli ar
aqvT Sesrulebuli `samuSaos~ xasiaTi, ufrosi asakis
bavSvebis gadabireba muqariTa da SantaJiT xdeba. maTi
seleqcia ZiriTadad usaxlkaro da miusafari bavSve-
bis armiidan xorcieldeba. zogierT mozards izidavs
Tavgadasavlebi da kinosamyaroSi SeRweva. zogierTi
bavSvi sakuTari sxeulis SiSvel gamosaxulebas Tavad
aTavsebs internetSi, riTac meZieblobis, kiberarSiyis
da sxva saxis seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli xde-
ba. kibersivrce didi raodenobis bavSvebis gadabire-
bis SesaZleblobas iZleva. kibersamyaroSi dawyebuli
meZiebloba da arSiyoba zogjer realur sinamdvileSi
ganxorcielebuli seqsualuri ZaladobiT sruldeba.
virtualur sivrceSi bavSvebze saziano zemoqmedeba
gaadvilebulia axali teqnologiebis wyalobiT. aSS-Si
10-17 wlis asakamde xuTidan erTi bavSvi acxadebs in-

412. 411
ternetSi seqsualuri gadakidebis Sesaxeb; britaneTSi
_ 8-11 wlamde CaTiT mosargeble bavSvebis naxevari
acxadeben seqsualuri xasiaTis onlain saubrebze...
aRmosavleT da dasavleT evropis mTel rig qveynebSi
(ukraina, ruseTi, belorusi, germania, safrangeTi da
sxv.) gamovlinda organizebuli jgufebi, romlebic
bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis amsaxvel produqcias
qmnian. isini foto da samodelo biznesis niRbiT moq-
medeben anda iatakqveSa studiebis saxiT. xSirad aseT
studiebSi bavSvebi vaWrobis Sedegad xvdebian. gamov-
lenilia damoukideblad moqmedi adamianebic, rom-
lebic seqsualur Zaladobas axorcieleben bavSvebze,
iweren am scenebs da internetSi aTavseben, rasac bavS-
vis Semdgomi eqspluataciisTvis SantaJis saSualebad
iyeneben. es erT-erTi meTodia aiZulo msxverpli Cu-
mad iyos (q. lvovSi pedofilma arasrulwlovan biWTan
sqesobrivi kavSiris amsaxveli scena Caiwera, romelsac
Semdeg misive SantaJisTvis iyenebda). zogjer porno-
grafiul gadaRebebSi CarTuli arian Tavad mSoblebi,
romlebic sakuTari Svilebis gamoyenebiT Semosavals
iReben. Ecpat-is informaciiT 2001 wels moldavelma me-
sazRvreebma daakaves ori qali, romlebsac 13-16 wlamde
asakis gogonebis da biWebis jgufi gadahyavdaT kiSi-
novidan odesaSi, kinostudiaSi, sadac isini gamoyeneb-
uli unda yofiliyvnen seqsualuri (pornografiuli)
scenebis gadaRebebSi. es bavSvebi Raribi ojaxebidan
iyvnen. mSoblebma neba darTes am qalebs `dasasvene-
blad~ waeyvanaT maTi bavSvebi. zogierTma bavSvma ga-
nacxada, rom adrec imyofeboda amgvar mogzaurobaSi,
sadac cota fulic miiRo.82
ukrainis sinamdvilidan
82
ix. Ecpat international.net; Торговля людьми в Украине. Международ-
ный женский правозащитный центр `Ла страда-Украина~, 1997; lastrada.
org.ua ; )

413. 412
cnobilia aseTi magaliTic, mamam 6 wlis gogonasTan sqe-
sobrivi kavSiris imitacia moaxdina, rac bavSvis dedam
videofirze gadaiRo da internetSi gayides. amis Sem-
deg, Tavisi Svilis megobari gogonebis mizidva daiwyes
imave mizniT. igive, ukrainis samarTaldamcavma orga-
noebma gamoamJRavnes yirimeli col-qmris saqmianoba,
roca isini bavSvebTan pornografiul videofilmebs
iRebdnen simferopolSi. amave jgufis wevri israelis
moqalaqevideomasalasvebgverdebzeaTavsebdasaCvene-
blad, maT Soris onlain reJimSic, Sesabamisi anazRau-
rebis pirobiT. amgvarad, bavSvTa pornografiuli ga-
mosaxulebebis Seqmna ojaxur garemoSic SesaZlebelia.
bavSvebi msxverplad qcevis risks sakuTar saxlSive
eqvemdebarebian mSoblebis, nacnobebis an mezoblebis
mxridan. Tumca iatakqveSa samodelo saagentoebi da
fotostudiebi ZiriTad rols TamaSoben pornografiis
masobriv warmoebaSi. samodelo saagentoebis reklama
yvelganaa, mediaSi, internetSi. ukrainasa da ruseTSi
dafiqsirebulia SemTxvevebi, roca mSoblebs Tavad mi-
hyavdaT bavSvebi fotostudiebSi, isini fiqrobdnen,
rom maT Svilebs mxolod suraTs uRebdnen da zogierTs
fulsac uxdidnen, magram isini ver xvdebodnen, rom maT
Svilebze komerciuli seqsualuri Zaladoba xorciel-
deboda.
umravles SemTxvevaSi pornografiuli masala, romel-
ic internetiT vrceldeba, qsels gareT mzaddeba da
Semdeg SehyavT kibersivrceSi. magram pornografiis
damzadeba da Cveneba internetqselSic xorcieldeba
onlain reJimSi. es xdeba veb kamerebis gamoyenebiT da
pirdapiri videoreproduqciis gziT. auditorias wi-
naswar ecnobeba dro, roca unda CaerTon qselSi da
uyuron bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis scenas.
zogjer bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis amsaxveli

414. 413
fotosuraTebi iqmneba specialuri kompiuteruli
programebis meSveobiT, romlebic sxvadasxva fotoe-
bis transformacias axdenen da maTgan qmnian axal sax-
es. bavSvTa arapornografiuli gamosaxuleba SeiZleba
gardaiqmnas pornografiulad, ufro metic, SesaZlebe-
lia `virtualuri~ bavSvebis pornogamosaxulebebis Se-
qmnac. amgvari fsevdopornografia ramdenad SeiZleba
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sagnad iqces, es sakamaTo
sakiTxia, Tumca isic faqtia, rom bavSvTa pornogra-
fiasa (realuri an virtualuri) da realur samyaroSi
bavSvebze ganxorcielebul seqsualur Zaladobas So-
ris mWidro kavSiria. amgvari pornografiuli masalac
safrTxis matarebelia bavSvebisTvis, vinaidan mis momx-
marebel ufrosi asakis adamianebs bavSvebze realuri
seqsualuri Zaladobis ganxorcielebis survili Sei-
Zleba aRuZras. amgvari fotomasalis didi odenobiT xe-
lmisawvdomoba ufrosi asakis adamianebs afiqrebinebs,
rom sabavSvo pornografia araa seriozuli danaSauli,
rac cxadia, mcdari warmodgenaa.
amgvarad, kibersamyaroSi ganTavsebuli pornografi-
uli masalebis gavrcelebis masStabi, Senaxvis xangr-
Zlivoba da globaluri xelmisawvdomoba seriozuli
safrTxis winaშe ayenebs mozard Taobas, radgan dRes-
dReobiT internetis kontroli praqtikulad ar arse-
bobs, rac SesaZlebels xdis mis gamoyenebas nebismieri
mizniT.
2.3 bavSvTa seqsturizmi
bavSvTa seqsturizmi komerciuli seqsualuri eqsplua-
taciis erT-erT formad iTvleba. gaeros dokumentebSi
is ganmartebulia rogorc `turizmi, romelic organi-

415. 414
zebulia bavSvebTan komerciuli seqsualuri urTier-
Tobis upiratesi mizniT~. bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis
damatebiTi oqmis mixedviT seqsturizmis praqtika uSu-
alod xels uwyobs bavSvebiT vaWrobas, bavSvTa pros-
tituciasa da bavSvTa pornografias. Ecpat international-
is informaciiT seqsturizmisTvis yvelaze mimzidvel
qveynebs warmoadgens tailandi, Sri-lanka, indoeTi,
brazilia, kosta-rika, meqsika da sxv. xolo seqstur-
istebis yvelaze mravalricxovan jgufs Seadgenen aSS-
s moqalaqeebi. bavSvebTan seqsualuri urTierTobebis
moyvaruli adamianebi dedamiwis yvela kuTxidan midian
egzotikur qveynebSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT ganviTare-
bulia bavSvTa prostitucia. aseTi mogzaurobebi (seqs-
turebi) zogjer xorcieldeba imisTvisac, rom monawil-
eoba miiRon pornografiuli filmebis gadaRebaSi. zo-
gierTi kino da fotomoyvaruli fuls ixdis bavSvebTan
seqsualur aqtebSi monawileobis SesaZleblobisTvis.
seqsturizmis moyvarulebi sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi
arseboben, isini SeiZleba iyvnen daojaxebulebic da
martoxelebic, kacebic da qalebic, mdidari turiste-
bic da mivlinebaSi myofi adamianebic. pedofili, seqs-
turisti winaswari ganzraxviT miemgzavreba romelime
qveyanaSi bavSvebTan seqsualuri urTierTobisTvis, ma-
gram SesaZlebelia sxva turisti amaze ar fiqrobdes ma-
nam, sanam ar ipovis msxverpl bavSvs, romelic xelmisawv-
domi iqneba seqsisTvis. aseTi adamianebi Tavis saqciels
xSirad imiT amarTleben, rom es mocemuli qveynis kul-
turisTvis misaRebia. sinamdvileSi ki bavSvebis xelmi-
sawvdomoba, anonimuroba, ucxo miwaze moraluri da
socialuri SezRudvebisgan gaTavisufleba iseTi ramis
gakeTebisaken ubiZgebs, rasac Cveulebriv, Tavis qveya-
naSi da saxlSi ar gaakeTebs. aseT rames miekuTvneba
bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobac. amgvari ganwyobis
Camoyalibebas xels uwyobs Sesabamisi qveynis liber-

416. 415
aluri kanonmdebloba, an/da mosaxleobis gauTviTcno-
bierebloba da socialuri siduxWire. amgvarad, bavSvi
SeiZleba Zaladobis msxverpli gaxdes iseTi adamian-
isganac, vinc mogzauri an turistia, yvela maTgani ar
Tavsdeba klinikur გansazRvrebaSi pedofili.83
marTalia seqsturizmis ZiriTadi marSrutebi samxreT-
aRmosavleT aziaze, afrikasa da laTinur amerikaze ga-
dis, magram bolo periodSi seqsturistebis interesis
sagani gaxda aRmosavleT evropac. ucxoel pedofilebs
Soris sul ufro did popularobas iZens ruseTi, ro-
gorc seqsturebis qveyana. rogorc rusi mkvlevarebi
aRniSnaven, ruseTi gulmodgined erTveba seqsturizmSi,
is gansakuTrebiT viTardeba aRmosavleT regionebSi,
Tumca Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSic dafiqsirda analogi-
uri praqtika. kerZod, seqsturistebi baltiispireTidan
gadadian sankt-peterburgSi, sadac loTi mSoblebi, ori
boTli aryis safasurad sakuTar bavSvebs atanen maT xan-
mokle vadiT seqsualuri momsaxurebisTvis.
83
pedofilia(berZnulidan:pedo_bavSvi,philia_midrekileba,
siyvaruli) niSnavs bavSvebisadmi seqsualur swrafvas. es aris
seqsualuri moSliloba, romelic gvxvdeba, rogorc hetero-
seqsual, ise homoseqsual mamakacebs Soris. eqspertTa erTi
nawili pedofilias Tvlis seqsualuri xasiaTis moSlilobad,
meore nawilis azriT ki, pedofilias aqvs damokidebulebis
niSnebi. pedofiliis farTod gavrcelebas xels uwyobs se-
qsturizmi. zogierTi pedofili seqsualuri moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad sazRvargareT miemgzavreba; zogs Tan mi-
hyavs msxverpli samogzaurod, zogjer winaswar mzaddeba Sex-
vedra internetis meSveobiT, zogierTi ki im adgilebs eZebs,
sadac iolia bavSvebTan kontaqti. upiratesobas aniWeben im
regionebs, sadac bavSvebTan seqsualur urTierTobas moT-
minebiT uyureben, ara aqvT Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza da
ganviTarebuli aqvT seqsindustria. ix. Сексуальные преступле-
ния в отношении детей. Естония, 2006, aseve, www.kesa.ee.

417. 416
ukraineli eqspertebi Tvlian, rom seqsturizmi jer
araa ganviTarebuli maT qveyanaSi, Tumca dafiqsire-
bulia erTeuli SemTxvevebi. kerZod, zafxulis TveebSi
yirimSi Savi zRvis sanapiroze da azovis zRvis sanapir-
oze Casuli turistebisTvis arasrulwlovanTa miyid-
vis faqtebi xanmokle seqsualuri urTierTobebisTvis.
aseT praqtikas aqvs zrdis tendencia. maTive informa-
ciiT, ukrainaSi seqsmuSakTa 30-40%-s Seadgens 11-18
wlis mozardebi. maTi umravlesoba prostituciaSia
Cabmuli Savi zRvis kurortebze. es mianiSnebs mWidro
kavSirze bavSvTa prostituciasa da seqsturizmze qvey-
nis SigniT.84
uvizo da gamartivebulma savizo reJimebma SeiZleba
saqarTveloSic moamravlos aseTi `Tavgadasavlebis~
maZiebeli turistebi. CvenTan, Savi zRvis sanapiroze
TvalSi sacemia ukidures gaWirvebaSi myofi, sxvadasxva
wvrilmaniT movaWre bavSvebi, romlebic komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluataciis riskjgufs warmoadgenen.
cxadia, turizmi ar aris bavSvTa seqsualuri eqsplu-
ataciis mizezi, magram turistuli industriis momsax-
urebiT sargebloben bavSvebze seqsualuri moZaladee-
bic. Tavis mxriv, turistul industrias SeuZlia xeli
Seuwyos bavSvebis seqsualur eqspluataciaze moTx-
ovnilebis zrdas. zogierTi sawarmo SeiZleba Cabmuli
iqnes seqsturizmSi, magaliTad, sastumros adminis-
tracia, romelic Tvals xuWavs sastumroSi mimdinare
bavSvTa seqsualur eqspluataciaze, anda turistuli
saagento, romelic organizebas ukeTebs seqsturs saz-
RvargareT.
trefikingisa da seqsturizmis mWidro kavSirze mianiS-
84
ix. Ecpat-international, Глобальный Мониторинг, 2006, www. ecpat. net.

418. 417
nebs is garemoeba, rom seqsturizmi Seicavs adamianebis
vaWrobaSi Cabmis yvela moqmedebas: msxverplTa rek-
rutirebas, gadaadgilebas qveynis SigniT an mis farg-
lebs gareT gayidvas, gacvlas an ukanono miznebisTvis
gamoyenebas, rogoricaa prostitucia, momsaxureba,
monuri Sroma an adamianis organoebis transplantacia.
seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT gadaadgilebis Sem-
TxvevaSi kriminaluri orგanizaciebi bavSvebs borde-
lebSi yidian, an pirdapir klients sTavazoben, rig Sem-
TxvevebSi bavSvebs pedofilTa organizaciebs sTavazo-
ben seqsualuri gamoyenebisaTvis.85
swored amitom iTvleba seqsturizmi bavSvTa trefikin-
gis gamovlenis erT-erT formad86
.
85
ix. l. eroxina, dasax. naSromi, gv. 227.
86
bavSvebze komerciuli seqsualuri Zaladobis formebis zo-
gadi mimoxilva, ZiriTadad emyareba ecpat international-is angari-
Sebs da meTodur saxelmZRvaneloebs: Противодействие треффику
детей в сексуальных целях /метод пособие/ Амстердам, Бангкок, 2006;
Противодействие треффику детей в сексуальных целях /вопросы и отве-
ты/ Амстердам, Бангкок; 2006; Насилие над детьми в киберпространс-
тве. 2005, www.ecpat.net da sxva.

419. 418
§ 3. saqarTvelo bavSvTa trefikingis globaluri
gamowvevis winaSe
saqarTveloSi bavSvTa trefikingi aqtiuri msjelobis
sagnad iqca 2003 wlidan, rodesac sisxlis samarTal-
Si Semotanil iqna pasuxismgebloba arasrulwlovniT
vaWrobisTvis. cxadia, am Temis win wamoweva da masTan
dakavSirebuli problemebis dasma, maTi mogvarebis
gzebis Zieba da prevencia Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo.
trefikingis kvlevaSi aqtiurad CaerTo arasamTavrobo
seqtori da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, Seiqmna Ses-
abamisi sakanonmdeblo baza, Camoyalibda erovnuli re-
feraluri meqanizmi da sxv. qveyanaSi momxdari poziti-
uri Zvrebis miuxedavad, saboloo daskvnebis gakeTeba
da miT ufro Tavis damSvideba naadrevia.87
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi bavSvTa uflebebis
darRvevis SemTxvevebis monitorings ramdenime organo
axorcielebs zust statistikaze saubari SeuZlebelia.
iseTi struqtura, romelic mTeli qveynis masStabiT,
bavSvTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli trefikingis da sxva
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis Sesaxeb informacias
aRricxavs, ar arsebobs. monacemTa erTiani da sru-
lyofili bazis arseboba aucilebeli pirobaa prob-
lemis simwvavis dasanaxad da masTan brZolis efeqturi
strategiis SesamuSaveblad.
saqarTveloSi bavSvTa trefikingze pirveli sociolo-
giuri kvleva Caatara arasamTavrobo organizacia BCG-
m, World Vision-is dafinansebiT. kvlevis mizans Seadgenda
87
am eWvs amyarebs Tundac is faqti, rom quTaisis saqalaqo sa-
samarTlos 2009 wlis 8 oqtombris ganaCeniT, msjavrdebuli
iqna organizebuli jgufi quTaisis, wyaltubos da xonis samSo-
biaro saxlebidan axalSobilebiT araerTgzisi vaWrobisTvis.

420. 419
bavSvTa trefikingis gavrcelebis masStabebi saqarT-
veloSi, maTi eqspluataciis formebi, mizezebi da xel-
Semwyobi faqtorebi. kvlevis angariSi friad sayur-
adRebo dokumentia. rogorc sociologiuri kvlevis
Sedegebidan Cans, trefikingis legaluri gansazRvrebis
arsebobis miuxedavad, misi identificireba mainc prob-
lematuria samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo seqtoreb-
Si. saxeldobr, TvalSi sacemia Zalაdოbis faqtebis
trefikingTaნ gaigivebis SemTxvevebi. Zaladobis zogi-
erTi faqti, pirdapir kavSirSia trefikingTan, magram
bavSvebze Zaladobis mTel rig SemTxvevebSi, mxolod
trefikingis potenciuri msxverpli Cans, Zaladoba
da trefikingi rom identuri ar aris es trefikingis
sakanonmdeblo formulidanac Cans, romelzec calke
vimsjelebT. sociologiuri kvlevis monacemebiT saqa-
rTveloSi bavSvebze sxvadasxva formiT Zaladoben,
dafiqsirebulia fizikuri Zaladobis mZime da msubuqi
formebi,ZiriTadadmaincvxvdebiTfizikuriZaladobis
SedarebiT martiv formebs, fsiqologiur Zaladobas _
muqaris, daSinebis, damamcirebeli mimarTvis, xmamaRla
saubris da sxva formiT; seqsualur Zaladobas _ gaupa-
tiurebis, garyvnili qmedebis, seqsualur Temebze sau-
bris, pornografiuli masalebis Cvenebis da sxva for-
miT, ekonomikur Zaladobas _ SromiTi eqspluataciis
an mSoblebis mxridan bavSvebis gamaTxovrebis formiT.
respodentTamonaTxrobidangamomdinare,saqarTvelo-
Si bavSvTa trefikingis gavrcelebis zusti aRricxvisa
da statistikis ararsebobis miuxedavad, gamovlenilia
bevri iseTi SemTxveva, romlis trefikingTan asoci-
reba yvela maCvenebliTaa SesaZlebeli. aRniSnuli so-
ciologiuri kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi bavSvTa
eqspluataciis Semdeg formebs aqvs adgili: a) SromiTi
eqspluatacia _ dasaqmebis adgilze SromiTi eqsplua-
tacia, quCaSi an sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebze

421. 420
sxvadasxva wvrilmaniT vaWroba, sasoflo-sameurneo
an sxva saxis fizikuri samuSaos iZulebiTi Sesruleba;
b) kriminalur qmedebebSi CarTva _ sasursaTo da sxva
tipis maRaziebisa da binebis ZarcvaSi arasrulwlov-
anTa iZulebiTi CarTva; g) seqsualuri eqspluatacia _
ojaxis wevrebis an sxva pirTa mier arasrulwlovnebis
seqsualuri eqspluatacia, sazRauris an sargeblis
miRebis mizniT; d) iZulebiTi maTxovroba _ individu-
alurad an sxvadasxva jgufebis mier arasrulwlovan-
Ta iZuleba maTxovrobaze daSinebis, gadabirebis, mo-
tyuebis an sxva formiT.88
sociologiurma kvlevam aCvena, rom trefikingis Ses-
axeb gancxadebebis simciris miuxedavad, gamokiTxuli
organიzaciebis, socialuri muSakebisa da Tavad bavS-
vebis monaTxrobidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi qu-
Cis bavSvebi erTi da igive tipis `saqmianobiT~ arian
dakavebulni, romelTa Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli
maTxovroba da fizikuri Sromaa, iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, sx-
vadasxva wvrilmani an saeklesio nivTebiT vaWroba. dam-
saqmeblis rolSი, ZiriTadad, saxeldebian mSoblebi,
romelTa nawili bavSvebTan erTad imave tipis samuSaos
asrulebs. am SemTxvevaSi iZulebiTi Sromis trefik-
ingTan gaigiveba Zalzე rTulia, aq SeiZleba visaubroT
arasrulwlovnis Cabmaze antisazogadoebriv qmede-
baSi, Tuki saxeze ar gvaqvs pasuxismgeblobis gamom-
ricxveli romelime garemoeba. aseve, amave kvlevam aCve-
na, rom maTxovrobis saSualebiT Semosavlis miRebis
mizniT, xSiria Cvil bavSvTa gaqiraveba/daqiravebis
SemTxvevebi. kerZod, TbilisSi, sanapiroze, `laguna
veres~ teritoriaze qiraobdnen Cvil bavSvebs maTxov-
robis mizniT. amasTanave, bavSvebs dasaZinebel wamlebs
88
ix. bavSvTa trefikingze Catarebuli kvlevis angariSi, BCG,
Tb., 2008, gv. 6.

422. 421
aZlevdnen maTi tirilisgan rom ar Sewuxebuliyvnen.
Cvili bavSvebis samaTxovrod gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi
arcTu iSviaTia. samaTxovrod Cvili bavSvebis gamoyene-
bas ufro xSirad arCeven ZiriTadad ori mizezis gamo
_ iolia Cvili bavSvebis marTva da maTi daqiraveba na-
klebi ujdebaT, vidre mozrdili bavSvebis maTxovro-
biT mopovebuli Tanხis `wilSi gayvana~. Cvili bavSvebis
Semosavlis wyarod gamoyeneba sakmaod gavrcelebulia
boSebSi, Tumca rogorc kvlevam aCvena, msgavsi faqte-
bi bolo periodSi azerbaijanelebsa da qarTvelebSic
momravlda, Tumca respodentebs konkretuli informa-
cia ara aqvT damqiraveblebze89
.
saqarTveloSi Semosavlis miRebis wyarod, cxadia, moz-
rdil bavSvebsac iyeneben. ase magaliTad, Tbilisis rki-
nigzis vagzlis teritoriaze gamovlinda qalTa jgufi,
romlebic 3-5 larad qiraobdnen bavSvebs mSoblebi-
sgan, Semdeg maT aiZulebdnen emaTxovraT. savaraudod,
bavSvebs scemdnen kidec, radgan socialurma muSakebma
SeniSnes Wrilobebi da naiarevebi. isini iyvnen 3-dan 9
wlis asakamde orive sqesis bavSvebi. 200 gamokiTxuli
bavSvidan daaxloebiT 30-35%-s iZulebiT amaTxovrebd-
nen, umravlesoba Zaladobis msxverplia, moZraoben
jguf-jgufad,amdros,xSiraderTmaneTzecZaladoben,
Cxuboben, agresiulebi arian. kvlevaSi motanilia erTi
niSandoblivi magaliTi, rac eqspluataciis mimaniSne-
belia, kerZod, vagzlis teritoriaze bavSvebi isxdnen
da maTxovrobdnen. erT-erTma maTganma, rogorc Cans,
veRar gauZlo SimSils, gaipara da maTxovrobiT miRe-
buli fuliT xaWapuri iyida. maTi damqiravebeli qale-
bi iqve axlos, baRis teritoriidan akontrolebdnen
bavSvebs. maT SeumCneveli ar darCaT bavSvis saqcieli
da am `TavnebobisTvis~ sastikad scemes. maTi gzakvali
89
ix. dasaxelebuli sociologiuri kvleva

423. 422
ver dadginda. 2006 wels socialur muSakebs dafiq-
sirebuli aqvT SemTxveva, roca qalebi mcirewlovan
bavSvebs qiraobdnen, mSoblebs uxdidnen dReSi 3 lars
da am bavSvebs amaTxovrebdnen. vfiqrobT, arasrulw-
lovanTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli amgvari qmedebebi,
mxedvelobaSia bavSvTa daqiravebis SemTxvevebi, Sesa-
Zlebelia Sefasdes rogorc bavSvTa trefikingi. ssk-is
1432
-e muxliT erT-erT qmedebad gaTvaliswinebulia
arasrulwlovnis daqiraveba. rogorc sociologiuri
kvleva adasturebs, saqarTveloSi ufro xSirad vxvdeb-
iT bavSvTa SromiT eqspluatacias _ bavSvebis SromiT
datvirTvas da gamoyenebas aranormirebuli droiT.
SromiTi saqmianoba Zalian xSirad nebayoflobiTia _
mozardebi advilad gadabirebadi kategoriaa, trefiki-
orisTvis yovelTvis advilia daiTanxmos bavSvi, romel-
sac ar SeuZlia movlenebis zustad aRqma da swori gad-
awyvetilebis miReba.
trefikingis msxverplad qcevis risk-faqtori gansa-
kuTrebiT maRalia quCis bavSvebSi. zogierTi maTgani
Tavs ver aRwevs Zaladobas da trefikingis potenciuri
msxverpli xdeba, moZalades ki `mfarvelad~ aRiqvams.
`mfarvelis~ instituti quCaSi cxovrebis Tanmxlebi
aucileblobaa. es bavSvebisTvis usafrTxoebis garan-
tiaa, romliს mimarT TiTqos madlierebas gamoxataven,
magram zogierTebi amis paralelurad, Tavis meurvee-
bs ZaladobaSic amxelen. quCas Tavisi kanonebi aqvs
da sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli wesebi masze ar vr-
celdeba. quCis bavSvebi maTxovrobiT gamomuSavebuli
Tanxis nawils aZleven adamians, romelic maT mfarvel-
obs. quCaSi xSirad xdeba usiamovnebebi. bavSvebis daax-
loebiT 12% mudmivad konfliqtur urTierTobaSia
rogorc TanatolebTan, aseve ufrosebTan. aseT dros
marto yofna rTulia. adamiani, romelsac isini fuls

424. 423
unawileben, quCis problemebis mogvarebaSi exmareba
maT. rodesac quCis bavSvi maTxovrobiT ver agrovebs
saTanado Tanxas imisTvis, rom mfarvels gadauxados,
zogjer igi fizikurad uswordeba. amgvar faqtebs
meore sociologiuri kvlevac adasturebs, magram re-
spodentebTan es kiTxva aRaraa CaRrmavebuli, vis ux-
dian fuls, mfarvelia Tu ubralod moZalade da sxv.
zogierTi quCis bavSvi Tavad iTvisebs warmatebiT `qu-
Cis kanonebs~ da moZaladis rolSi gamodis, erT-erTi
bavSvis monaTxrobiT, sanam TbilisSi Camovidoda, masze
asakiT ufrosebi aiZulebdnen maRaziebi gaequrda. am
SemTxvevaSi mTlian Tanxas isini iRebdnen, Tu maT Tanxa
ar daakmayofilebdaT, scemdnen. amis Semdeg gadawyvita
regionidan TbilisSi gamoqceva, Sekriba xuTi Tavisi
Tanatoli da asakiT umcrosi bavSvi, romlebic maTxov-
robdnen da misTvis mihqondaT Tanxis naxevari. amgvar
faqtebs sxva wyaroebic asaxeleben. arasrulwlovanTa
mimarT iZulebisa da Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, romlebic
quCis bavSvebis Cveulebriv yofas asaxaven, ramdenad
SesaZlebelia gavaigivoT trefikingTan rTuli saTq-
melia. maT ara aqvT Tavisufleba SezRuduli, Seqmnili
socialuri sinamdvilidan gamomdinare Tavad irCeven
cxovrebis amgvar wess, Tumca, cxadia, es ar gamoricx-
avs srulwlovnebis pasuxismgeblobas arasrulwlovnis
antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi CabmisTvis, cemisTvis,
ZaladobisTvis, ufro metic, konkretuli danaSaulis
waqezebisaTvis an SualobiTi amsruleblobisTvis.
zusti daskvnebis gakeTebas arTulebs is garemoe-
bac, rom qveynis masStabiT ar arsebobs statistika
quCis bavSvebis raodenobaze, sxvadasxva xasiaTis an-
tisazogadoebriv qmedebebSi Cabmis maCvenebelze. ne-
bismieri qveynis statistikaSi trefikingis msxverplTa
raodenobis sami saxis cifrebs vxvdebiT: 1) sasamarTlo

425. 424
statistika; 2) policiis cifrebi, romelic yovelTvis
metia; 3) cifrebi, romelsac arasamTavrobo organiza-
ciebi floben.
aqedan gamomdinare, Cven mxolod hipoTeturi msjeloba
SegviZlia quCis bavSvebis trefikingis msxverplad qce-
visriskfaqtorze.SesaZlebelia,isvincarasamTavrobo
organizaciisTvis,wmindahumanitaruliTvalsazrisiT,
trefikingis de-faqto msxverplia, samarTaldamcavi
organosTvis misi de-iure aRiareba rTuli iyos, anu
arasamTavrobo organizaciam SeiZleba bavSvi de-faqto
msxverplad scnos, magram de-iure misi dazaralebulad
cnoba ver moxerxdes, radgan msxverplis identifikaci-
is problema Zalian rTulia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom quCaSi yoveldRe vxedavT mzrun-
velobamoklebul bavSvebs, isini mainc farul popula-
ciad iTvleba. saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo seqtoris
mier ganxorcielebuli mwiri sociologiuri kvlevebi
srul warmodgenas ver gviqmnis arsebul viTarebaze,
Tundac kvlevis meTodologiidan gamomdinare. zogjer
is, rasac sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi xmamaRla uwo-
deben kvlevas, yovelTvis ar warmoadgens sociologiur
kvlevas. magaliTad, arasamTavrobo organizaciis fed-
eracia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~-s Catarebul kvlevaSi,
gamokiTxuli 1600 bavSvidan 55% acxadebda, rom fulis
gamosamuSaveblad maTxovroben, magram ar iqna garkveu-
li, xom ar iyvnen es bavSvebi eqspluataciis msxverpli.
miT ufro, rom gamokiTxuli bavSvebis 23%-ma ganacxada,
rom maTxovrobiT naSovn fuls sxvas aZlevda.90
rogorc eqspertebi aRniSnaven, trefikingis msxverpl-
90
ix. `nu miwodebT quCis bavSvs~, gaeros bavSvTa fondi,
2009.

426. 425
Ta kvlevis sirTule imaSi mdgomareobs, rom raodeno-
brivi meTodebi praqtikulad usargebloa, radgan isini
ZneladmosaxelTebeli kategoriaa, aramravalricxo-
vani, adamianTa SezRuduli wrea, romelsac reabilita-
cia esaWiroeba. amitom unda Catardes Tvisobrivi kvl-
eva siRrmiseuli intervius meTodiT, winaswar SeirCes
SekiTxvebi, romlebic unda moicvas intervium, SeirCes
prioritetebi: vin gamovkiTxoT, ra mizniT, ra meTodiT
da a.S. trefikingis problema ara mxolod aqtualuria,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom CvenSi modurad iqca, ZiriTadad
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis, magram isini xSir-
ad aisbergis mxolod xilul nawils ikvleven. aseTi re-
zultati ki zusti daskvnebis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas
ar iZleva, maTi mxridan Tundac aseTi keTilSobiluri
miznebis misaRwevad, rogoricaa arasrulwlovanTa
trefikingis prevencia, msxverplis reabilitacia, re-
integracia da a.S. vfiqrobT, amgvari sociologiuri
kvlevebi saWiroa Catardes Tavad Sesabamisi saxelm-
wifo organizაciebis mier an maTi dakveTiT, rameTu
samarTaldamcav organoebs sazogadoebrivi organiza-
ciebisgan gansxvavebiT, sxva miznebi amoZravebT, ker-
Zod, pirvel rigSi organizebul danaSaulTan brZola.
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis sainformacio resursebi
gacilebiT didia, romelTa monacemebi Sejerebuli
unda iqnes arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monacemebT-
an, raTa raime racionalur daskvnebamde mivideT.
dRes saqarTveloSi, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas rom trefiking-
Tan brZola warmatebulia, es saxelmwifo da arasamTav-
robo seqtoris erToblivi Zalisxmevis Sedegia. cxadia,
mxolod oficialuri monacemebi, vTqvaT sagamoZiebo
an sasamarTlo statistika, ise rogorc arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mier identificirebul msxverplTa
raodenoba ver Segviqmnis srul, obieqtur warmodgenas

427. 426
trefikingis masStabze qveyanaSi. es mxolod arapirda-
piri kriteriumebia, trefikingi ki latenturi dana-
Saulia, igi ar miekuTvneba im danaSaulTa kategorias,
romlis asprocentiani registracia xdeba, ufro metic,
registracia xdeba mxolod aisbergis zeda nawilisa.
dRes yvela Tanxmdeba da aravin kamaTobs imaze, rom ada-
mianiT vaWrobis daregistrirebul danaSaulTa raode-
noba absoluturad ar Seesabameba realurad Cadenil
danaSaulTa raodenobas. saintereso iqneboda saqarT-
veloSi sxvadasxva qveynebidan deportirebul pirTa
gamokiTxva, maTi ricxvis dadgena sazRvris dacvis da
migraciis samsaxurebTan TanamSromlobiT, risTvis ar-
ian deportirebuli, romeli qveynebidan. sasurvelia,
rom sazogadoebrivma organizaciebma da saxelmwifo
struqturebma Caataron unificirebuli kvlevebi, raTa
mxedvelobidan ar iqnes gaSvebuli raime mniSvnelovani
da kvlevis Sedegebi iyos SeTavsebadi da Sedarebadi.
amgvari kvlevebi unda xorcieldebodes regularu-
lad.
eqspertebi Tvlian, rom trefikingis danaSaulis la-
tenturoba 2%-ia. amasTanave, yvela identificirebuli
msxverpli ar midis TavSesafarSi, aseTi mxolod 10%-ia,
aqedanac yvela ar iqneba Tanaxma Cvenebis micemaze. gamo-
dis, rom trefikingis 1000-2000 SemTxvevidan gamovle-
nili iqneba 10-20 msxverpli, maTgan 1-2 miva TavSesafa-
rSi da didi albaToba ar aris, rom Tundac erTi maTgani
miscems Cvenebas.91
ramdenime sityviT unda SevCerdeT gaeros bavSvTa fon-
dis (UNICEF) da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagen-
tos finansuri mxardaWeriT, federacia `gadavarCinoT
91
antitrefikinguli regionuli programa, samuSao Sexve-
drebis masalebi, Caqvi., 2005, gv. 75.

428. 427
bavSvebi~-s mier Catarebul sociologiur kvlevaze,
romelic Seexeba saqarTveloSi quCis bavSvebis arsebul
mdgomareobas. aRniSnulma kvlevam moicva 2007 wlis iv-
nisidan 2008 wlis agvistomde periodSi 18 wlamde asakis
bavSvebi, romlebic `quCaSi SeiniSnebian~ oTx yvelaze
did urbanul centrSi: Tbilisi, quTaisi, rusTavi, ba-
Tumi. quCis bavSvebi urbanul saqarTveloSi metwilad
arian5-dan14wlamdeasakisbiWebi,romlebicZiriTadad
maTxovroben. quCis bavSvebis arseboba saqarTveloSi
daucveli bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis winaSe arsebuli
mravali socialur-ekonomikuri problemis gamovline-
baa da ara gancalkevebuli fenomeni, quCis bavSvebis
raodenoba vardebis revoluciamde da mis Semdgom di-
dad ar gansxvavdeba, arsebobs zrdis tendencia.
saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 25% bavSvia.
adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo or-
ganizaciebis SefasebiT qveyanaSi quCis bavSvebis ra-
odenoba 500-dan 5 000-mde meryeobs. quCis bavSvebis
aRwerisas sxvadasxva organizaciebis sociologiur
kvlevebSi urTierTgansxvavebul klasifikaciebs vx-
vdebiT sxvadasxva indikatorebis momarjvebiT. cxadia,
quCis bavSvebis kategorizaciis erTiani klasifikato-
ri (indikatori) ar arsebobs. es damokidebulia kvle-
vis mizanze, meTodologiaze da a.S. yvelaze gavrcele-
bulia quCis bavSvebis organzomilebiani gansazRvre-
bebi, romelic yuradRebas amaxvilebs im adgilze (anu
quCaze), sadac bavSvebi drois umetes nawils atareben
da aseve bavSvebis ojaxebTan kavSiris intensivobaze.
am kriteriumebiT ganasxvaveben quCis bavSvebs, romle-
bic mudmivad quCaSi cxovroben da iSviaTad an saerTod
ara aqvT kontaqti ojaxTan da quCaSi myof bavSvebs, anu
bavSvebs romlebiცdRes quCaSi atareben da Rame ojaxeb-
Si brundebian. cxadia, termini `quCis bavSvi~ pirobiTia
da negatiuri datvirTvis stigmaa. saqarTveloSi quCis

429. 428
bavSvebis umravlesobis asaki 14 wels ar aRemateba. amas-
Tanave SeiniSneba mcirewlovani da Cvili bavSvebis didi
raodenoba (15%), romlebic ZiriTadad dedebTan erTad
maTxovroben.92
saqarTveloSi quCis bavSvebis umravlesoba iZulebu-
lia fulis gamomuSavebaze izrunos, rom sakuTari Tavi
an/da ojaxი arCinos. bavSvebis didi nawili Semosav-
lis miRebis erT an or strategias mimarTavs: yvelaze
gavrcelebulia maTxovroba, gansakuTrebiT SedarebiT
mcirewlovan bavSvebsa da gogonebs Soris da muSaoba,
rogoricaa wvrilmanebiT vaWroba (sanTlebi, xatebi,
yvavilebi), saqonlis gadatana, fizikuri Sroma (mt-
virTaoba), boTlebis an jarTis Segroveba, manqanebis
recxva da sxva. maTxovar bavSvebs xSirad viRac axlavs,
momuSave bavSvebi ki, martoni arian xolme. SeiniSneba
qurdobis SemTxvevebic. komerciuli seqsis SemTxvevebs
saqarTvelos quCis bavSvebi iSviaTad axseneben. Semosav-
lebis gamommuSavebeli quCis bavSvebis Sesaxeb erT-erT
kvlevaSi ramdenime bavSvma Semosavlis wyarod azartul
TamaSebSi monawileoba daasaxela. maSasadame, quCis
bavSvebis ZiriTadi saqmianoba, CvenTan, maTxovroba da
quCaSi Sromaa. bavSvebis Cabma Semosavlis mimReb saqmi-
anobaSi ZiriTadad ojaxis materialuri siduxWiriT
aris nakarnaxebi. maT quCisken ubiZgebs siRaribe, mSo-
belTa umuSevroba, usaxlkaroba. Semosavlis momtani
saqmianoba xSirad emateba (an Caanacvlebs) ojaxis Se-
mosavals an saSualebas aZlevs bavSvs Tavad mixedos sa-
kuTar Tavs da Sesabamisad, Seamciros ojaxis xarjebi.
zogjer bavSvebi quCis ekonomikur saqmianobaSi dedebT-
an an naTesavebTan erTad erTvebian. quCaSi Semosavlis
mimRebi bavSvebi fulis gamomuSavebisTvis gamoyofil
92
ix.numiwodebTquCisbavSvs,gaerosbavSvTafondi,Tb.2009 gv.11.

430. 429
dros, socialur samsaxurSi (socialuri momsaxureba
_ TavSesafrebi, ufaso sasadiloebi da misT.) yofniT
miRebul bundovan perspeqtivas, iSviaTad amjobineben.
SemaSfoTebelia is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi quCis bavS-
vebis meore Taobas vxvdebiT, anu quCis bavSvebis dede-
bis nawils quCaSi cxovreba Tavad aqvT gamocdili.
bavSvis SromaSi CabmiT ojaxis Semosavlis gazrdis
fenomeni msoflios masStabiT siRaribes ukavSirdeba.
ganviTarebad qveynebSi Raribi mSoblebi rTuli gadaw-
yvetilebis winaSe dganan. ukiduresi gaWirvebis Jams,
bevri ojaxi ufro prioritetulad miiCnevs bavSvi
ojaxis arsebobisTvis aucilebeli yoveldRiuri sax-
srebis moZiebaSi CaerTos, vidre skolaSi ramdenime
saaTis gatarebis neba darTos da bavSvis saqmianobidan
miRebuli damatebiTi Semosavali dakargos. amgvarad,
mSoblebs xSirad samwuxaro gadawyvetilebis miReba
uxdebaT da bavSvis Sroma wina planze gadadis, vinaidan
misi Semosavlis dakargva mniSvnelovnad (zogjer uki-
duresad) gaauaresebs ojaxis siRaribis dones.
sxvadasxva kategoriis bavSvebi (quCaSi mcxovrebi an
ojaxTan, mzrunvelTan kavSiris mqoneni) Semosavlis
miRebis sxvadasxva strategias mimarTaven, ZiriTadi
mainc maTxovroba da quCis Sromaa. zemoT xsenebuli
sociologiuri kvlevis mixedviT, fulis gamosamuSave-
beli saqmianobidan quCis bavSvebis 55%-ma maTxovroba
daasaxela da 27%-ma Sroma. aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi
saintereso dakvirveba, gamokiTxuli bavSvebis TiTqmis
erTi meoTxedi acxadebs, rom maT mier gamomuSave-
bul fuls mSoblebi (21%) an sxvebi (2%) arTmeven. es
SemTxvevebi, ZiriTadad 10 wlis da umcros bavSvebs ex-
eba, romlebic maTxovroben. ufrosi bavSvebis mxolod
mcire nawili da isini vinc muSaobs, acxadebs, rom fuli
waarTves. Tumca, vin arian es adamianebi kvlevaSi da-

431. 430
zustebuli araa intervius CaRrmavebiT. arasrulwlo-
vanTa maTxovrobaSi Cabmis SemTxvevebi Tbilisis garda
dafiqsirebulia sxva urbanul centrebSic. magaliTad,
socialuri muSakebis gadmocemiT quTaisSi da baTumSi
xSiria maTxovrobaSi CabmiT bavSvebis eqspluatacia.
saSiSi tendenciaa, roca saqarTveloSi aseTi kultura
mkvidrdeba _ mSoblebi amaTxovreben Tavis Svilebs,
TviTon ki fuqsavatoben. es kultura, aqamde boSebSi da
sxva araqarTul eTnikur jgufebSi iyo gavrcelebuli,
axla qarTvelebSic mkvidrdeba. saqarTveloSi aras-
rulwlovanebze ganxorcielebuli zemoxsenebuli ori
sociologiuri kvleva, aseve bavSvTa uflebebis dam-
cveli sxvadasxva organizaciebidan miRebuli informa-
ciebi, zogierTi hipoTeturi daskvnis SesaZleblobas
iZleva.
pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia, rom arasrulwlovnebze
ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis zogierTi SemTxvevis
trefikingTan identificireba sakmaod rTulia. mxed-
velobidan ar unda gamogvrCes mZime socialuri foni,
roca mSobeli iZulebuli xdeba am nabijze wavides. is,
rac garegnulad eqspluataciad Cans, ojaxis gadarCe-
nis erTaderTi saSualebaa. amitom termin eqspluata-
cias frTxilad unda mivudgeT. magaliTad, sxvadasxva
wvrilmaniT vaWroba, roca bavSvebTan erTad mSoblebic
imave tipis samuSaos asruleben anda mosavlis aRebis pe-
riodSi Semosavlis miRebis mizniT mSoblebis mier bavS-
vebis samuSaod gaSveba da swavlas mowyveta. mSoblebi
amgvar movlenas normalur viTarebad afaseben, rad-
gan saarsebod maT sxva saSualeba ara aqvT, garda amisa,
bavSvebi imdenad miCveuli arian amgvari cxovrebis wess,
rom maT მimarT ganxorcielebul qmedebebs ver ukav-
Sireben trefikings. es maTi cxovrebis wesad iTvleba.
cxadia, es ar gamoricxavs imas, rom mSobeli Tavad iqces

432. 431
Svilze moZaladed anda trefikerad _ bavSvis mimarT
sxvadasxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcielebiT, roca
mSobeli fiqrobs, rom mas SvilTan nebismieri saxis
mopyrobis ufleba aqvs.
zemoT quCis bavSvebis klasifikacia vaxseneT. arsebo-
ben quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi (TiTqmis mTlianad bi-
Webi), romelTa kavSiri ojaxTan (Tu aseTi arsebobs) Za-
lian sustia. maTi gadarCenis strategia quCaSi fulis
gamomuSavebas da arsebuli socialuri momsaxurebis
gamoyenebas moicavs. rac Seexeba quCasa da saxlSi
mcxovreb bavSvebs, romlebic weliwadSi mxolod ram-
denime Tves atareben quCaSi, umravlesoba fuls quCa-
Si gamoimuSavebs da sakuTari an ojaxis saWiroebebis
dakmayofilebaze xarjavs. trefikingisTvis yvelaze
did riskjgufs Seadgenen is bavSvebi, romlebic Rames
quCaSi an adamianis cxovrebisaTvis Seusabamo adgilas
atareben (sZinavT) erTi Tvis an meti xnis ganmavlobaSi.
maT ar hyavT ojaxi (mzrunveli) an ar hqoniaT kavSiri
ojaxTan (mzrunvelTan) erTi Tvis an meti xnis ganmav-
lobaSi, isini sakuTar Tavs TviTonve uzrunvelyofen
da mopovebul fuls sakuTar saWiroebebze da quCis
garemocvaze xarjaven.93
Cveni dakvirveბiT, SromiTi eqspluataciis yvelaze
did risk jgufs quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi Seadgenen.
amasTanave, ZiriTadad, es exeba 14 wlamde asakis baSvebs,
vinaidan maTxovroba am dromde grZeldeba, rogorc ki
bavSvebi mozardobis asakSi Sedian aRarc maTxovrobis
survili aqvT da aRarc mosaxleoba exmareba maT. Aamde-
nad, Semosavlis es wyaro espobaT da Semosavlis miRebis
sxva wyaros eZeben, xSirad qurdoben da kanonTan kon-
93
sociologiuri kvleva `nu miwodebT quCis bavSvs~ _ UNI-
CEF, 2009, gv. 11.

433. 432
fliqtSi modian. cxadia, arc imis gamoricxva SeiZleba,
rom Semosavlis miRebis axali wyaros ZiebaSi isini ama
Tu im saxis eqspluataciis msxverplad iqcnen. sain-
teresoa kidev erTi dakvirveba, maTxovrobis msxver-
pli bavSvi Semdgom TviTon abams sxvas maTxovrobaSi da
eqspluatacias uwevs sxvas. am socialur wreSi Znelia
SeaRwios gareSe pirma.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damცvelis saangariSo moxsene-
bebSi sagangebo yuradReba eTmoba `quCis bavSvebs~. ase
magaliTad, saxalxo damcvelis 2004 wlis saangariSo
moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: bavSvTa uflebebis darRve-
vis TvalsazrisiT, erT-erTi yvelaze mZime mdgomareo-
baa e.w. quCis bavSvebis kuTxiT. ar arsebobs quCis bavS-
vebis problematikis amsaxveli zusti statistikuri
monacemebi. isini arian praqtikulad yvela did qalaqSi.
TbilisSi quCis bavSvebis raodenoba sxvadasxva mona-
cemebiT 100-dan 1200-mde meryeobs, saxalxo damcvelis
aparatis monitoringma daadgina, rom TbilisSi quCaSi
Rames regularulad aTevs daaxloebiT 70-90 bavSvi.94
saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis saangariSo moxsenebaSi
aRniSnuliა, rom xSirad Tavad mSoblebi ubiZgeben Svi-
lebs maTxovrobisa da danaSaulisken. isini patarao-
bidanve swavloben quCaSi cxovrebas da wvrilmani
qurdobiTa da maTxovrobiT aqvT Semosavali. isini ar
emorCilebian socialuri kontrolis formebs da arc
sazogadoeba gamoirCeva maT mimarT SemwynareblobiT
(tolerantobiT). xSirad es bavSvebi wvrilmani danaSau-
lisTvis Cveulebrivi damnaSaveebiviT ixdian sasjels.
mizezs ki aravin swavlobs. saTanado organoebi ar re-
agireben, rodesac aseTi bavSvebi pataraobidan iZule-
94
moxseneba saqarTveloSi 2004 wels adamianis uflebebis
sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, Tb., 2005, gv. 88.

434. 433
biT maTxovroben, Sedegebs ki ara prevenciuli, aramed
represiuli zomebiT ebrZvian. SemTxveviTi araa, rom
2008 wlis 26 maiss gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma
saqarTvelos mesame perioduli angariSis mosmenisas
SeSfoTeba gamoTqva, rom ar arsebobs strategiuli
RonisZiebebi, romlebic moagvarebda quCaSi mcxovrebi
an momuSave bavSvebis mdgomareobas. komiteti gansa-
kuTrebiT SeSfoTebulia am bavSvebis mZime mdgomare-
obiT im riskebis, maT Soris trefikingis riskis gamo,
romlebic maT emuqrebaT. komitetma rekomendacia
misca saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daamkvidros quCis
bavSvebisTvis reabilitaciisa da socialuri reinte-
graciis samsaxurebi, Caataros kompleqsuri kvleva
qveyanaSi quCis bavSvebis arsebobis masStabis, bunebisa
da mizezebis Sesafaseblad, raTa Camoyalibdes preven-
ciis erovnuli strategia. uzrunvelyos sakmarisi ra-
odenobis TavSesafrebi rogorc TbilisSi, ise qveynis
sxva kuTxeebSi. samwuxarod, mas Semdeg am bavSvebisTvis
situacia mxolod gauaresda, vinaidan quCis bavSvebi-
saTvis ar ganviTarebula axali socialuri servisebi
da amave dros moxda maTi gamoTiSva servisebidan. ar
momxdara maTi monacemebis Segroveba statistikisa da
saWiroebebis dasadgenad. kerZod, ,,bavSvze zrunvis~
saxelmwifo programidan amoRebul iqna socialuri
momsaxurebis servisebi, quCis bavSvebi darCnen dRis
centris servisis gareSe. 2009 wlis ,,bavSvze zrunvis~
saxelmwifo programaSi quCis bavSvebisTvis social-
uri servisis erTaderTi wyaro sadReRamiso TavSesa-
faria, sadac mxolod 40 bavSvisTvis aris adgili. sxva
aranairi momsaxureba konkretulad am miznobrivi jgu-
fis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare dagegmili da ganxor-
cielebuli ar aris.95
95 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis saparlamento moxseneba
2009/2. www.ombudsman.ge

435. 434
amitomac iyo, rom gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitet-
ma sinanuli gamoTqva misi rekomendaciebis Seus-
ruleblobis gamo, romelic Seexeboda qveynis SigniT
gadaadgilebul bavSvebs (quCis bavSvebs). maTi gadauWr-
eloba safrTxes uqmnis bavSvTa keTildReobas. rogorc
zemoT aRiniSna, quCis bavSvTa saqmianobis ZiriTad
sferos maTxovroba, wvrilmani qurdoba, prostitu-
cia da toqsikomania warmoadgens. bavSvTa Sromam saqa-
rTvelosaTvis sruliad uCveulo masStaბebi SeiZina.
umuSevrobis maRali maCveneblis fonze ojaxis rCe-
nis funqciis mniSvnelovani wili bavSvebma itvirTes.
am garemoebam Zlier Searyia mozardis socialuri
formirebis tradiciuli garemo.
saxalxo damcvelis moxsenebebis mixedviT, SemaSfoTe-
belia ojaxSi bavSvebze Zaladobis masStabebic. Sss mo-
nacemebiT, 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan 1 ivlisamde saqarT-
veloSi gamocemulia 326 Semakavebeli orderi. maT So-
ris TbilisSi Sedgenilia 234 oqmi. Tumca ar arsebobs
zusti statistika ramdeni bavSvi gaxda ojaxuri Za-
ladobis msxverpli. ojaxur Zaladobas da sxva arasax-
arbielo garemos (narkomania, alkoholizmi) gamoq-
ceul bavSvebs uwevT quCaSi cxovrეba da maTxovroba.
Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis raodenoba arc Tu ise
mcirea, Tumca xSirad ar xdeba msgavsi faqtebis gamov-
lena, vinaidan ar arsebobs am problemis mimarT siste-
muri reagirebis meqanizmi. xSirad, aseTi SemTxvevebi
yovelgvari reagirebis gareSe rCeba. bavSvTa uflebriv
mdgomareobaze saintereso monacemebs flobs saxalxo
damcvelis aparati. ase magaliTad, saxalxo damcvelis
bavSvis uflebaTa centrs gancxadebiT mimarTa Tbili-
sis bavSvTa socialuri adaptaciis centris direqtor-
ma. erT SemTxvevaSi saqme exeboda am centrSi moxvedril
bavSvs, romelsac deda da deida fizikuri da fsiqi-

436. 435
kuri ZaladobiT aiZulebdnen maTxovrobas da maTTvis
fulis mitanas, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi 8 wlis bavSvs,
romelic sakuTari maminacvlis seqsualuri Zaladobis
msxverpli gaxda; saxalxo damcvels 15 wlis arasrulw-
lovanma gogonamac mimarTa mamis mxridan seqsualuri
Zaladobis faqtze. bavSvTAa trefikingis potenciur
safrTxes adasturebs saqarTveloSi bavSvebis mimarT
Zaladobis erovnuli kvleva 2007-2008 wlebSi. aseTi
socialuri sinamdvilis fonze imis mtkiceba, rom saqa-
rTveloSi bavSvTa trefikingi ar arsebobs, safuZvels
moklebulia.
adamianTa vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2005-2006
wlebis samoqmedo gegmiT (aseve momdevno samoqmedo
gegmebiT), saxalxo damcvelis aparats da arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebs eTxovaT trefikingis monitoringi.
aqedan gamomdinare, maT mier mowodebuli informacie-
bi met yuradRebas da guldasmiT Seswavlas saWiroebs.
§ 4. bavSvTa trefikingis da komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluataciis prevencia (rekomendaciebi)
bavSvTa trefikingi mis nebismier gamovlinebaSi bavSvTa
uflebebis uxeSi darRvevaa, is bavSvebs arTmevs srul-
fasovani da Rirseuli cxovrebis SesaZleblobas, rac
maTi pirovnebis sruli da harmoniuli ganviTarebis
aucilebeli pirobaa.
trefikingis msxverpli bavSvi fizikuri, sulieri,
moraluri da socialuri ganviTაrebis TvalsazrisiT
savalalo Sedegebamde midis, rac zogjer mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze grZeldeba. roca isini tramvas
iReben cxovrebis am etapze, Sedegebi damangrevelia da

437. 436
mTel maT momaval cxovrebaze axdens gavlenas. garda
fizikuri zianisa, bavSvTa sxvadasxva formis eqsplua-
tacias Sedegad mosdevs stigmatizacia, sircxvilis,
sakuTari Tavis upativcemulobis, uimedobis, SiSis
gancda, depresia da sxv. rac ufro xangrZlivia eqsplu-
ataciis vada, miT meti problemebi iqmneba bavSvis fizi-
kuri da sulieri janmrTelobisTvis. Eqspertebi, gansa-
kuTrebiT momakvdinebel faqtorad Tvlian bavSvebze
sxvadasxva saxis Zaladobas kibernetikul sivrceSi. mag-
aliTad, bavSvi, romelsac aiZules pozireba uxams gamo-
saxulebebSi, mogvianebiT didi sulieri tkiviliT itan-
jeba. virtualuri garemoTi uzrunvelyofili porno-
grafiuli masalebis Senaxvis uvado xandazmuloba da
globaluri xelmisawvdomoba, SesaZleblobas arTmevs
bavSvs daeuflos da gaanadguros sakuTari gamosax-
uleba, rac daexmareboda sulieri tramvis gamklave-
baSi; internetis qselSi sakuTari SiSveli gamosax-
ulebis arseboba Zalian tanjavs bavSvebs. sircxvilis
gancda gansakuTrebiT mwvavea mozardebisTvis, radgan
isini Tvlian, rom maTze ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba
xels SeuSlis ojaxis Seqmnas, dedobas da sxv. SeSfoTe-
bas aZlierebs is faqtic, rom bavSvi acnobierebs masze
Zaladobis amsaxvelი gamosaxulebis damzadebis da
gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas momavalSic, rogorc mi-
kro socialur garemoSi, ise mTeli msoflios masSta-
biT. es simptomi maSinac Cndeba roca mozardi Tavad
amzadebs sakuTar pornografiul gamosaხulebas da in-
ternetSi aTavsebs. aRarafers vambobT kiberarSiyobiT
gamowveul fsiqologiur Sedegebze.96
96
pornografiis gavlena bavSvTa socializaciaze mkaf-
iod esmiT damnaSaveebs, romlebic mas iyeneben bavSvebT-
an arSiyobisTvis. igi xels uwyobs bavSvebSi qcevis iseTi
modelebis da Sexedulebebis Canergvas, rasac pornoma-
sala asaxavs. is aZlიეrebs iseT socialur Sexedulebebs,

438. 437
travmas aZlierebs isic, rom pornografiuli masala,
romelic bavSvis damcirebas asaxavs garegnulad Za-
ladobis STabeWdilebas ar tovebs, mas kamerebis win
aiZuleben Rimils, simSvides, es ki danaSaulSi Tana-
monawilis gancdas aRZravs da SiSs sazogadoebis winaSe,
romelic ar daijerebs mis mimarT ganxorcielebul Za-
ladobas. Ecpat-is informaciiT, SveciaSi pornografiis
msxverpli bavSvebi uaryofdnen Zaladobis faqts, Tum-
ca vizualuri mtkicebulebebi saxeze iyo. trefikingis
msxverpli bavSvi stigmatizebuli xdeba da momavalSi
masze ganxorcielebul Zaladobas is Cveulebriv ambad
aRiqvams. aseTi bavSvebiT manipulireba Zalian ioli
xdeba.
bavSvebis viqtimizaciis procesis xelSemwyobi garemoe-
bebi uamravia. bavSvebis trefikingis msxverplad qcevis
risks zrdis sxvadasxva faqtorebi. maT Soris erT-erTi
gavrcelebulia ojaxuri faqtorebi _ Zaladoba da si-
sastike ojaxSi, alkoholis an narkotikebis borotad
gamoyeneba, ganaTlebis dabali done, mSoblebsa da Svi-
lebs Soris arajansaRi damokidebuleba, mzrunveloba
moklebuli da oboli bavSvebi da sxv.
socialur-ekonomikuri faqtorebidan, aRsaniSnavia
siRaribe, umuSevrobis maRali done, ganaTlebis miReb-
is minimaluri SesaZlebloba, bavSvTa dacvis efeqturi
sistemis uqonloba, masobrivi informaciis saSualebe-
bis mavne zemoqmedeba, mavne tradiciebi, (e.w. kulturis
romelic aufasurebs gogonebs biWebis da mamakacebis
TvalSi. pornomasalam mayurebelSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios
damokidebuleba, grZnobaTa gauxeSeba, mibaZva, safrTxes
zrdis is faqtic, rom masalebi, romlebic asaxaven Za-
ladobas, uxamsobas, degradacias, dRes ufro xelmisawv-
domia kibersivrceSi, vidre adre iyo.

439. 438
msxverpli bavSvebi), quCaSi cxovreba da Sroma (e.w. quCis
bavSvebi) SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi, sagangebo situa-
ciebi, stiqiuri ubedurebebi, sainformacio da sakomu-
nikacio teqnologiebi, ukanono Svilad ayvana da sxv.
calke riskjgufs qmnian e.w. `ubeduri~ bavSvebi, rogor-
icaa mitovebuli bavSvebi, meurveobis qveS myofi bavS-
vebi, narkotikis an alkoholis momxmarebeli bavSvebi,
eTnikuri, religiuri an sxva saxis umciresobebis wevri
bavSvebi, trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebi da sxv.
trefikingis profilaqtikisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
bavSvTa viqtimizaciis procesis xelSemwyobi garemoe-
bebis aRmofxvras. magaliTad, azerbaijanis respubli-
kis trefikingTan brZolis kanoni Seicavs trefikingis
potenciuri msxverplis ganmartebas (mawanwalebi, maTx-
ovrebi, oblebi, umeTvalyureod darCenili, narko-
tikebze da fsiqotropul nivTierebebze damokidebuli
bavSvebi da sxv.)
bavSvTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da pre-
venciis ZiriTad saerTaSoriso instruments warmoad-
gens gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (1989) da misi
fakultaturi oqmi. am dokumentebSi Camoyalibebulia
minimaluri moTxovnebi, romelsac unda Seesabamebodes
nacionalurikanonmdebloba,raTabavSvebidaculiqnen
vaWrobisgan, prostituciaSi an pornografiaSi Cabmis-
gan. es dokumentebi Seicaven saxelmwifoTa saerTaSor-
iso TanamSromlobis ZiriTad principebs trefikingis
aRkveTisa da devnis, misi Tavidan acilebis, msxverpl
bavSvTa reintegraciis da dacvis uzrunvelsayofad.
1996 wlis 27-31 agvistos q. stokholmSi, bavSvTa komer-
ciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg Catare-
bul msoflio kongresze, miRebul iqna deklaracia da

440. 439
samoqmedo gegma bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan, bavSvTa pros-
tituciasa da pornografiasTan sabrZolvelad. am
RonisZiebaTa gegmas mxari dauWira meore kongresmac
2001 wels, ra drosac RonisZiebaTa gegmis xelmomweri
qveynebis ricxvi 161-mde gaizarda. am farTo sazoga-
doebrivma aliansma, romelSic mTeli msoflios mas-
StabiT gaerTianebuli arian saxelmwifo da arasaxelm-
wifo struqturebi, garkveul progress miaRwia komer-
ciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciisgan bavSvTa dacvis
saqmeSi, Tumca yvela qveyanas Tanabari Zalisxmeva ar
ganuxorcielebia RonisZiebaTa gegmis SesrulebaSi da
garkveuli warmatebis miuxedavad, bevri xarvezi rCeba.
stolkholmis RonisZiebaTa gegma warmoadgens konk-
retul samoqmedo struqturas, RonisZiebaTa katego-
riebs, romlebic unda ganaxorcielon mTavrobebma sa-
zogadoebriv organizaciebTan da sxva dainteresebul
mxareebTan erTad bavSvTa komerciul seqsualuri eqs-
pluataciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, sazogadod es
gegma moicavs: a) samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo da saer-
TaSoriso organizaciebis saqmianobis koordinacias da
TanamSromlobas, adgilobriv, regionul, nacionalur
da saerTaSoriso doneze; b) bavSvTa komerciuli seqsu-
aluri eqspluataciis aRkveTas, aq Sedis prevenciuli
RonisZiebebi; g) bavSvTa dacvas, reabilitacias da re-
integracias.
amgvarad, stokholmis RonisZiebaTa gegma aris form-
aluri saxelmZRvanelo struqtura, romelsac saxelm-
wifoTa mTavrobebi iyeneben bavSvTa komerciuli se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.
ase magaliTad, ukrainas, romelmac miiRo stokholmis
RonisZiebaTa gegma, Tavis programaSi aqvs: a) kriteri-
umebis SemuSaveba, msxverpli bavSvebis identifikaci-
isTvis, msxverplis statusis misaniWeblad; b) special-

441. 440
uri sasjelebis SemoReba bavSvTa seqsualuri eqsplua-
taciisTvis; g) uwyveti kontroli ukrainuli internet-
saitebisadmi, raTa gamovlindes pornografiis mwar-
moebeli da gamavrcelebeli pirebi; d) specializebuli
sareabilitacio centrebis Seqmna da sxv.
saqarTvelo ar SeerTebia stolkholmis samoqmedo geg-
mas. Cven mizanSewonilad migvaCnia am programis xelmow-
era da implimentacia qarTul sinamdvileSi. marTalia,
saqarTveloSi bevri ram gakeTda adamianebiT vaWrobis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, specialuri sakanonmdeblo
bazis SeqmniT dawyebuli da erovnuli referaluri
meqanizmis CamoyalibebiT damTavrebuli, rac trefik-
ingis winaaRmdeg brZolis sami samoqmedo gegmis real-
izaciis farglebSi ganxorcielda, magram es RonisZie-
bebi ar yofila orientirebuli sagangebod bavSvTa
trefikingis da komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluat-
aciis aRkveTaze. mas Semdeg rac saqarTvelo 2007 wels
aSS saxelmwifo departamentis SefasebiT trefikingTan
brZolaSi warmatebuli qveynebis rigSi _ pirvel kal-
aTaSi moxvda, adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg mimarTu-
li RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTaSori-
so sakoordinacio sabWo didi aqtivobiT ar gamoirCeva.
sustia koordinacia sxvadasxva organizaciebs Soris.
saqarTveloSi araTu bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg, aramed zogadad bavSvTa
trefikingis, misi safrTxeebisa da riskebis Sesaxeb
raime koordinirebuli Sexvedra, msjeloba an mrgvali
magidac ar gamarTula, ufro metic, qveyanaSi bavSvTa
trefikingis zusti statistikac ki ar arsebobs. saSuria
aseTi RonisZiebis dagegmva moqmedebaTa koordinaciisa
da informaciis gacvlisTvis.
bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan da komerciul seqsualur

442. 441
eqspluataciasTan sabrZolvelad mizanSewonilia
Seiqmnas arasrulwlovanTa winaaRmdeg danaSaulis
Sesaxeb monacemTa erTiani baza, Camoyalibdes mkafio
koordinaciis meqanizmi samTavrobo, arasamTavro-
bo seqtorsa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebs Soris;
erovnul referalur meqanizmSi sagangebo aqcenti
gakeTdes bavSvTa trefikingis sisxlissamarTlebriv
devnaze, prevenciasa da msxverplTa dacvaze; meti yu-
radReba unda daeTmos qveynis SigniT bavSvebiT vaWro-
bis problemis Seswavlas, quCis bavSvebis, rogorc
risk jgufebis raodenobis Semcirebas, maT CarTvas
sxvadasxva instituciebSi; bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis
uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa samarTaldamcav organo-
Ta muSakebis specialuri gadamzadeba trefikingis da
sazogadod, komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis
msxverpli bavSvebis identificirebisa da sxvadasxva
sareabilitacio programebSi CasarTavad; unda gam-
kacrdes kontroli saxelmwifo sazRvrebze bavSvebis
gadaadgilebaze. am mimarTebiT bevri pasuxgaucemeli
kiTxvacaa saimigracio kanonmdeblobaSi.
2008 wels braziliaSi bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg gamarTul msoflio kon-
gresze sagangebo yuradReba daeTmo bavSvTa uflebebis
saganmanaTleblo programebis ganviTarebas, kerZod,
xazi gaesva bavSvTa CarTvas iseT programebSi, romle-
bic maT Tanamedrove faseulobebis da normebis cvli-
lebebis kritikul gaazrebaSi daexmareba (magaliTad,
imis Segoneba, rom qaliSvilobaze uaris Tqma cudia).
bavSvebma kritikulad unda gaiazron axali normebi,
raTa Tavad ar iqcnen seqsualuri eqspluataciis msx-
verplad.
aseve xazi gaesva qalis pativiscemis kultis ganviTare-
bas, specialuri kvlevis ganxorcielebas mamakaცebisa
da ymawvilebis mimarT, raTa maT ganuviTardeT pati-

443. 442
viscema im uflebaTa mimarT, rac gaaCniaT gogonebs da
qalebs.
bavSvTa trefikingis masStabebidan gamomdinare zo-
gierTi qveyana misi prevenciis originalur gzebsac
mimarTavs, magaliTad, samxreT koreis parlamentma ax-
algazrdobis dacvis Sesaxeb kanonSi Sesworebebi Sei-
tana, romelTa mixedviTac samarTaldamcav organoebs
ufleba aqvT sajarod gaaxmauron im pirTa vinaoba, vinc
bavSvebTan seqsiT arian dakavebulni. aseT pirTa siebis
gamoqveyneba efeqturi profilaqtikuri zoma iqneba da
gamoiwvevs moTxovnis Semcirebas. kanonis axali varian-
ti ufro mkacr sasjelebs iTvaliswinebs sutiniorebi-
sa da `sasiyvarulo sastumroebis~ mflobelebisTvis,
romlebic arasrulwlovnebs qiraoben.97
kanadaSi seqsturistebis mimarT iyeneben qimiur kas-
tracias e.i. xelovnur impotencias iwveven, raTa man mo-
mavalSi aRar gaimeoros msgavsi qmedeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom termini ქimiuri kastracia pirvelad
Semotanil iqna arizonas sasamarTlos mier (aSS) 1982
wels, seqsualur damnaSaveTa mkurnalobis SesaZle-
blobaze msjelobis dros. eqspertTa erTi nawili pedo-
filias Tvlis seqsualuri xasiaTis moSlilobad, meore
nawilis azriT, pedofilias aqvs damokidebulebis niS-
nebi. aqedan gamomdinare, praqtikosi samarTaldamcave-
bi Tvlian, rom pedofils cixeSi yofnis paralelurad
esaWiroeba mkurnaloba, rac gulisxmobs misi seqsua-
luri impulsebis kontrols, iseTi preparatebis gam-
oyenebas, rac CaaxSobs an daamuxruWebs mis seqsualur
aqtivobas, erTi sityviT, saubaria seqsualobis medika-
97 ix. l. eroxina, dasaxelebuli Sroma, gv. 150.

444. 443
mentozur Semcirebaze. Tumca, pedofilეbis mkurnalo-
bis dadebiTi Sedegebi mTel msoflioSi mcirea, sruli
gankurneba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas, Tumca misi qce-
vis kontroli miRwevadia. saerTaSoriso dakvirvebiT
SesaZlebeli gaxda srulwlovani pedofilebis arau-
metes 10%-isa da axalgazrdebis 50%-is gankurneba.
amave dros, xangrZlivi mkurnalobis kursgavlilTa
Soris recidivis procenti _ 6%-s, xolo mkurnalo-
bagauvlelTa Soris recividizmi _ 35%-s. 80-ian wleb-
Si Catarebulma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom kastracia karg
zegavlenas axdens agresiul seqsualur maniakebze, maT
aTjer naklebi danaSauli Caidines ganmeorebiT, vidre
maTma arakastrirebulma `kolegebma~. Tumca pesimiste-
bi Tvlian, rom kastracia ar aris universaluri saSu-
aleba; kastraciis momxreebi ki Tvlian, rom umjobesia
qimiuri kastracia, vidre saerTod arafris gakeTeba.
magaliTad daniaSi qimiuri kastracia pirobiT vadamde
gaTavisuflebis aucilebeli pirobaa; pedofilebis
mimarT iZulebiTi kastraciis SemoReba xmelTaSua zR-
vis regionSic ganixileba, germaniaSi, CexeTsa da zogi-
erT sxva qveynebSi aseve ganxilvaSia sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb,
rom bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis recidivi daisa-
jos kastraciiT. gamousworebel pedofils sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ukeTeben nemss, raTa
xelovnurad gamoiwvion impotencia. Tvlian, rom amgvar
damnaSaveebs sxvas verafers mouxerxeben, maT albaT,
fsiqikac moSlili aqvT da cixe ver gamoasworebs. Tum-
ca, unda aRiniSnos, rom iZulebiTi qimiuri kastraciis
gamoyeneba ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebebs.98
aSS-Si bavSvTa dacvisa da usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb 2006
wlis kanons daemata seqsualuri danaSaulisaTvis ms-
javrdebul pirTa registraciis Sesaxeb kanoni (sorna).
98
ix. www. kesa.ee

445. 444
igi iTvaliswinebs specialuri sammarTvelos Seqmnas,
romelic seqsualuri danaSaulis Camden pirebze ganax-
orcielebs monitorings, registraciasa da kontrols.
germania axorcielebs trefikingis msxverpli adami-
anebis monacemTa Sekrebas. italias aqvs trefikingis
msxverplTa monacemTa erTiani baza. espaneTSi tre-
fikingis Camdens 6-12 wlamde vadiT ekrZaleba daikavos
nebismieri Tanamdeboba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis or-
ganoebSi da a.S.
sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs bavSvebis dacva in-
ternetis mavne zemoqmedebisgan. internetSi Cadenil
samarTaldarRvevaTa mimarT sxvadasxva qveyanas gansx-
vavebuli midgoma aqvs. zogierTma qveyanam kibersivrce-
Si bavSvTa dacvis sistema da politika SeimuSava, magram
maT umravlesobas aseTi meqanizmebi ar aqvs. kibersivr-
cis globaluri bunebidan gamomdinare saerTaSoriso
da erovnul doneze saWiroa SeTanxmebuli moqmedebebi
problemis dasaZlevad. sxvadasxva qveyanas ara marto
gansxvavebuli iurisdiqciebi aqvs, aramed gansxvavebu-
li resursebi da SesaZleblobebi kibersivrceSi dana-
Saulis aRkveTisa da prevenciisaTvis. saWiroa praqti-
kuli gamocdilebis gacvla sxvadasxva qveynebs Soris.
magaliTad, 2003 wels aSS-is, kanadis, didi britaneTis
da avstraliis policiebis mier interpolTan TanamS-
romlobiT Seiqmna virtualuri globaluri special-
uri jgufi internetis meSveobiT bavSvebze seqsualur
ZaladobasTan sabrZolvelad.
dResdReobiT gadauWrelia iseTi problemac, rogori-
caa devna da meZieblobა virtualuri saSualebebiT,
rac farTod gavrcelebuli movlenaa mozardebSi da
bavSvebSi. misi Sedegebi katastrofulia da dafiqsire-
bulia TviTmkvlelobis SemTxvevebic. kibersivrceSi

446. 445
devnis msxverplni depresiulni xdebian, ganicdian dis-
komforts, skolidan garbian da a.S. arc erT iurisdiq-
ciaSi qselSi devna ukanono qmedebad ar iTvleba, Tu is
mokvlis muqaras an sxva tradiciuli danaSaulis niS-
nebs ar Seicavs.
virtualur garemoSi bavSvTa dasacavad SemuSavebu-
lia mTeli rigi rekomendaciebi. igi moicavs Sesabamisi
politikis SemuSavebas, (moqmedebaTa nacionalur geg-
mebs), kerZo seqtorTan TanamSromlobas, saganmanaTle-
blo iniciativebs, samarTlebriv reformebs, samarTal-
damcavTa swavlebas, samecniero kvlevebs.
2005 wlidan ukrainaSi moqmedebs Ecpat international-is kam-
pania `gadavaqcioT interneti usafrTxod~. internetSi
pornografiul saitebze bavSvTa yofnis aRkveTis miz-
niT gaSvebulia programuli uzrunvelyofa `kiberZiZa~.
Tu veb gverdi Setanilia akrZaluli wyaroebis monacem-
Ta bazaSi an Seicavs sityva-indikatorebs, romelic miu-
TiTebs SezRudul saitze, programuli uzrunvelyofa
am saitze Sesvlis blokirebas axdens. SezRuduli daS-
vebis saitebis siebi mudmivad axldeba. programuli uz-
runvelyofa ufasod eZlevaT internet klubebs, inter-
net kafeebs, individualur momxmareblebs.
saqarTveloSi internetiT sargeblobs mosaxleobis
7,8%. rac ufro gaizrdeba internetiT mosargeble
mosaxleoba, miT ufro gaizrdeba pornotrefikingis
masStabebi da saWiro gaxdeba ufro efeqturi zome-
bis miReba bavSvTa dasacavad. Sesabamisi prevenciuli
zomebis gatareba, pirvel rigSi, saxelmwifos valia,
miT ufro saqarTveloSi, sadac eleqtromediis praq-
tikulad yvela saSualebas saxelmwifo akontrolebs
maregulirebeli komisiebis meSveobiT. kompiuterebze
_ saxlebSi, skolebSi, internet kafeebSi SesaZlebe-

447. 446
lia gamfiltravi programebis dayeneba, rac mozardebs
SesaZleblobas ar miscems akrZalul saitebze Sevidnen.
cxadia, umjobesia usafrTxoebis programebis SemuSave-
ba da danergva internetprovaiderebma moaxdinon. bavS-
vTa pornografiis xelSewyobis rolSi xSirad gamodis
internetis provaideri. es problema exeba satelefono
da internetkompaniebs, kompiuteris gamyidvelebs, in-
ternetkafeebs da saTamaSo salonebs, romelTac aseve
evalebaT bavSvTa dacvis Sesabamisi zomebis danergva.
dResdReobiT axali teqnologiebis mimarT dacvis
zomebs calkeuli individebi iReben – mSoblebi, meur-
veebi, maswavleblebi. am adamianebma unda imoqmedon po-
tenciuri safrTxeebis winaaRmdeg. brZolis wina xazze
mainc mSoblebi imyofebian, maT unda gaakontrolon
ras akeTeben bavSvebi internetSi, Seamowmon romeli
saitebi moinaxula bavSvma, ra dro dahyo kompiuterTan.
zogierTi bavSvi dRe da Rames kompiuterTan atarebs.
kompiuterze damokidebuleba narkotikze damokideb-
ulebas emsgavseba. bavSvi ar Wams, ar svams, miwebebulia
kompiuterul TamaSebze, zogi avaddeba kidec. zogjer
bavSvi iZulebulia kompiuterTan ijdes, radgan mas-
Tan mSoblebi ar urTierToben da kompiuteric imitom
SeiZines, rom bavSvma naklebad Seawuxos, roca isini is-
veneben an erTobian.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam sainformacio teqnologiebi-
dan momdinare safrTxeebisgan bavSvTa dasacavad unda
SeimuSaos Sesabamisi strategia, xolo vidre am sferoSi
yovlismomcveli strategia SemuSavdeba da moqmedebis
nacionaluri gegma daideba, SesaZlebelia trefiking-
Tan brZolis referalur meqanizmSi da bavSvTa dacvis
sxva moqmed programebSi am strategiis asaxva.
sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebSi momuSave

448. 447
kompaniebma unda SeimuSaon da danergon bavSvTa dacvis
standartebi; internet kafeebma da klubebma usafrTx-
oebis uzrunvelsayofad danergon gamfiltravi da
mablokirebeli programebi. magaliTad, kievSi masiurad
daiwyes internet kafebis daxurva da muSaobis mkacri
wesebi dauweses: Rame ar imuSaon, SuadRemde bavSvebi
ar dauSvan, radgan saskolo swavlebis droa, dablokon
pornosaitebi da a.S. saqarTveloSi quCis bavSvebis Tav-
Sesafari internet kafeebia, gansakuTrebiT zamTris pe-
riodSi, sadac mTel Rames atareben usaxlkaro bavSvebi.
maT qmedebas aravin akontrolebs.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi kompiuterul danaSaulTa
Tavs SesaZlebelia daematos specialuri muxli, romel-
ic bavSvebs daicavs kibersivrceSi Zaladobisgan, maT
Soris SantaJisa da devnisgan, ssk-is 141-e muxls dae-
matos pasuxismgebloba garyvnili qmedebisTvis kom-
piuteruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.
vfiqrobT, gonivruli iyo iuridiuli pirebis pasux-
ismgeblobis SemoReba 255-e muxliT, romlis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia bavSvTa pornografiis qselSi gavrceleb-
isTvis internetprovaideri kompaniebi daisajon.
implimentirebuli unda iqnes, kiberdamnaSaveobis Ses-
axeb evrosabWos konvenciis pozicia virtualuri sa-
bavSvo pornografiis Sesaxeb.
trefikingis prevenciisTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
saerTaSoriso rekomendaciaa savaldebulo informire-
ba, saxeldobr, daevaloT janmrTelobis dacvisa da
socialuri momsaxurebis sferos muSakebs, maswavle-
blebs, sainformacio sakomunikacio teqnologiebis
servis centrebs, internet-momsaxurebis provaid-

449. 448
erebs, fotos tudiebs, bankebs da sakredito baraTebis
angariSebis momsaxurebis kompaniebs Seatyobinon
samarTaldamcav organoebs bavSvTa pornografiis
faqtebze eWvebis Sesaxeb. es saerTaSoriso rekomenda-
cia realizebuli aqvs aSS-s, safrangeTs da sxv.
specialur literaturaSi ukve gaismis mowodeba, rom
bavSvTa trefikingi CaiTvalos adamianurobis (kaco-
briobis) sawinaaRmdego danaSaulad da masze universa-
luri iurisdiqcia gavrceldes.
trefikingisgan bavSvTa dacvisa da reintegraciis
aucilebeli pirobaa msxverplTa identifikacia. tre-
fikingis msxverplis an potenciuri msxverplis gamosav-
lenad iyeneben indikatorebs, anu cnobili da savarau-
do faqtebis erTobliobas, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom
pirovnebaarisanSesaZloaiyosvaWrobismsxverpli.msx-
verplis identifikaciis procesi sami etapisgan Sedge-
ba, trefikingis ganxorcielebis sami fazis Sesabamisad,
kerZod: moqmedeba (adamianis moZraoba-gadaadgileba,
gadabireba, gadayvana, Sefareba, miReba), adamianis gad-
aadgilebisTvis gamoyenebuli saSualebebi (muqara,
Zaladobis sxvadasxva formebi, SantaJi, motyueba da
sxva), mizani _ adamianis eqspluataciis sxvadasxva for-
ma, orgaნoebis amoRebis CaTvliT. SekiTxvebi swored
am sakiTxebis irgvliv aris koncentrirebuli. saqarT-
veloSi msxverplis identifikaciis ori gza arsebobs: 1)
msxverpli mimarTavs samarTaldamcav organoebs (anda
piriqiT) da Sesabamisi informaciis gadamowmebis Semdeg
adamians eniWeba dazaralebulis statusi; 2) msxverpli
daxmarebisTvismimarTavssaxelmwifofonds.mobiluri
jgufi pirovnebas utarebs intervius da informacias
gadascems mudmivmoqmed jgufs, romelic iRebs gadaw-
yvetilebas msxverplis statusTan dakavSirebiT.

450. 449
aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT,
srulwlovnebis msxverplad aRiarebisTvis saWiroa maT
mimarT Zaladobis, iZulebis, motyuebis da sxva kvalis
arseboba, raTa maTi migracia trefikingad Sefasdes. 18
wels miuRweveli pirebis mimarT ki, moqmedebs dacvis
specialuri zomebi. saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebaTa Tanax-
mad, Tu msxverpli bavSvia, savaldebulo araa mas iZule-
biT, muqariT an motyuebiT aiZulon migracia, xolo
sakiTxi `eqspluataciaze Tanxmobis~ Sesaxeb saerTod
mniSvnelobas moklebulia. ama Tu im formis eqsplua-
tacia sakmarisia imisTvis, rom bavSvi trefikingis msx-
verplad CaiTvalos. bavSvi, romelic sxva piris mier
gamoiyeneba sargeblis miRebis mizniT trefikingis msx-
verplad ganixileba.
trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebis identifikacia Sesa-
Zlebelia rogorc daniSnulebis saxelmwifoSi, romlis
teritoriazec adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpls uweven
eqspluatacias, ise warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi, msxver-
plis dabrunebis Semdgom. rogorc warmoSobis, ise
daniSnulebis saxelmwifoebSi SemuSavebulia indika-
torebi, romelTa meSveobiT SesaZlebelia trefikin-
gis msxverplTa identifikacia. magaliTad, holandiis
generaluri prokuraturis mier SemuSavebuli iqna
maCveneblebi, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia tre-
fikis msxverplTa amocnoba, maT Soris bavSvebisac.
kerZod, Tu aRmoaCenen rom 18 wels miuRweveli holan-
dieli an ucxoeli eweva prostitucias, Cndeba eWvi, rom
igi trefikingis msxverplia. eWvis safuZvelia Semdegi
garemoebebi: aralegaluri Sesvla qveyanaSi anda yalbi
dokumentebis safuZvelze, mogzaurobis organizacia
ara Tavad arasrulwlovanma, aramed sxvam gaakeTa,
mas eSinia qveynidan deportaciisa, xeli ar miuwvdeba
samedicino momsaxurebaze, misgan moiTxoven yovel-

451. 450
dRiur minimalur Semosavals, romlis mniSvnelovani
nawili sxvas miaqvs, momsaxurebisTvis arasrulwlovani
nakleb xelfass iRebs, vidre adgilobrivi mcxovrebi,
SezRuduli aqvs gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba, muSaoba
uxdeba xangrZlivi droiT da cud pirobebSi, ganicdis
damcirebas an muSaobs Zaladobis muqaris gamo, aras-
rulwlovnis ojaxi samSobloSi mZime ekonomikur pi-
robebSia da damokidebulia mis Semosavalze, arasrul-
wlovnis naTesavebs samSobloSi aSantaJeben an emuqre-
bian, mas ara aqvs mudmivi samuSao adgili, ar icis misi
misamarTi, ar laparakobs holandiur enaze, Camosulia
iseTi qveynidan, sadac daregistrirebulia adamianiT
vaWrobis SemTxvevebi da sxv. msgavsi kriteriumebi Se-
muSavebuli aqvT msxverplis warmoSobis saxelmwifoe-
bsac (mimwodebeli qveynebi), magaliTad, moldovaSi
SemuSavebul iqna trefikingis msxverplis amocnobis
zogierTi sarekomendacio niSnebi, romlebic cxadia
mxolod arasrulwlovnebs ar exeba da moicavs pirebs,
romlebmac Sesabamis organizaciebs mimarTes social-
uri daxmarebisTvis, pirebs, romlebic deportirebul
iqnen sxva qveynebidan savizო reJimis darRvevasTan
dakavSirebiT, samSobloSi dabrunebul pirebs, rom-
lebic gamovlenil iqnen sazRvargareT bordelebsa da
prostituciis sxva adgilze policiis alyis Sedegad,
pirebs, romlebmac policias mimarTes saCivriT sxva
qveyanaSi cud mopyrobaze.99
trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebi SeiZleba amoicnon ara
mxolod samarTaldamcavi organos muSakebma, aramed
socialurma muSakebmac, maswavleblebmac, mSoblebmac
da klientebmac ki. maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT
bavSvebis gadarCenasa da dacvaSi.
saqarTvelos prezidentis 2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis
99
ix. www. ecpat. international

452. 451
brZanebulebiT damtkicda adamianiT vaWrobis msxver-
plTa identificirebis erTiani standartebi da wesi.
masSi detalurad aris reglamentirebuli adamianisT-
vis msxverplis statusis miniWebis procedura. manamde,
2006 wlis 20 noembers damtkicda samoqmedo instruqcia
trefikingis msxverplTa dasacavad (erovnuli refer-
aluri meqanizmi), masSi adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplTa
dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesabamisi struqtura warmodge-
nilia sami ZiriTadi safexuris gaTvaliswinebiT: 1) adamia-
niT vaWrobis msxverplis identifikacia da statusis mini-
Weba; 2) msxverplis dacva da daxmareba; 3) reintegracia da
reabilitacia.
amgvarad, daxmarebisTvis mimarTvis erovnuli meqanizmi
es aris adamianiT vaWrobis savaraudo msxverplTa identi-
fikaciis procesi sxvadasxva uwyebebis da organizaciebis
mier da maTi urTierTqmedeba imis garantiisaTvis, rom am
adamianebma isargeblon TavSesafriT, kompensaciiT, sa-
medicino daxmarebiT da sxva programebiT.
§ 5. bavSvTa trefikingis kriminalizacia
trefikingis definiciis Semcvel pirvel saerTaSoriso
iuridiul dokumentad iTvleba transnacionaluri or-
ganizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis
damatebiTi oqmi `adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa
da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa
da dasjis Sesaxeb~. swored masSia mocemuli saerTaSor-
iso samarTlis yvelaze xSirad citirebadi ganmarteba
trefikingisa. amave dros, oqmi bavSvTa trefikingis
specialur ganmartebas ar gvTavazobs, magram me-3 mux-
lis `C~ qvepunqtSi miuTiTebs, rom bavSvis gadabire-
ba-gadacema (transportireba), gadayvana, Sefareba an
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT trefikingad unda CaiT-
valos maSinac ki, rodesac gamoyenebuli ar yofila am

453. 452
muxlis `a~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli zemoqmedebis
romelime saSualeba (muqara, iZuleba da sxv.). trefik-
ingis identur ganmartebas gvTavazobs evropis sabWos
2005 wlis 16 maisis konvencia adamianebiT vaWrobis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb. maSasadame, rogorc pal-
ermos oqmi, aseve evrosabWos konvencia xazs usvams,
rom bavSvebis trefikingis dros mniSvneloba ara aqvs,
hqonda Tu ara adgili motyuebas, Zaladobas, muqaras an
zemoqmedebis nebismieri sxva saSualebis gamoyenebas.
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs bavSvis eqspluataciis miz-
ans da Tuki am miznis gansaxorcieleblad xdeba bavSvis
gadabireba, gadacema, gadayvana, Sefareba an miReba, es
qmedeba bavSvTa trefikingad unda CaiTvalos.
sazogadod, zemoaRniSnul dokumentebSi mocemuli
trefikingis definiciis mixedviT, adamianebiT vaWroba
warmoadgens sami ZiriTadi elementis kombinacias: 1.
moqmedeba _ `adamianebis gadabireba, gadacema, gadayva-
na, Sefareba an miReba~; 2. saSualebebi _ `muqara, Zalis
gamoyeneba an iZulebis sxva formebi, motaceba, TaRli-
Toba, motyueba, Zalauflebis an umweo mdgomareobis
gamoyeneba anda Tanxis Tu sxva sargeblis micemiT im
piris mosyidva Tanxmobis misaRwevad vis kontrolqve-
Sac imyofeba meore piri (anu adamianis yidva)~; 3. mizani
_ `eqspluataciis mizani. eqspluatacia rogorc mini-
mum gulisxmobs sxvaTa prostituciis eqspluatacias
an sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva formas, iZulebiT
Sromas an momsaxurebas, monobas an monobis msgavs mdgo-
mareobas, monur Sromas an organoTa gadanergvas~. ada-
mianebiT vaWroba warmoadgens swored zemoaRniSnuli
sami elementis kombinacias da ara individualurad aRe-
bul romelime maTgans. magaliTad, adamianis gadabireba
(moqmedeba), motyuebis gziT (saSualeba), prostituciis
eqspluataciis mizniT (mizani) _ unda dakvalificird-

454. 453
es adamianiT vaWrobad. maSasadame, saerTaSoriso stan-
dartebis mixedviT adamianebiT vaWrobaze rom vila-
parakoT, saWiroa sami elementis _ moqmedeba, saSuale-
ba, mizani _ Serwyma. magram erTi gamonaklisia dadgeni-
li bavSvebis mimarT, saxeldobr, bavSvebis gadabireba,
gadacema, gadayvana, Sefareba an miReba eqspluataciis
mizniT trefikingad CaiTvleba palermos oqmis me-3
muxliT da evrosabWos konvenciis me-4 muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli zemoqmedebis romelime saSualebis gamoy-
enebis gareSec. evrosabWos konvenciis me-4 muxlis `B~
da `C~ qvepunqtebis SeerTebiT (SesityvebiT) vaskvniT,
rom bavSvis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadacema, Sefareba
an miReba eqspluataciis mizniT CaiTvleba adamianebiT
vaWrobad. amasTanave, mniSvneloba ara aqvs gamoyenebu-
li iyo Tu ara `a~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli zemoqmedebis
saSualebebi. aseve, mniSvneloba ara aqvs eqspluatire-
buli bavSvis Tanxmobis arsebobas an ararsebobas.
amgvarad, bavSvTa trefikingisTvis sakmarisia ori el-
ementis arseboba-moqmedeba da eqspluataciis mizani. es
daskvna gamomdinareobs bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis
2000 wlis 25 maisis damatebiTi oqmis Sinaarsidanac. sax-
eldobr, bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis damatebiTi oq-
mis `bavSvebiT vaWrobis bavSvTa prostituciisa da bavS-
vTa pornografiis Sesaxeb~ meore muxlis mixedviT bavS-
vebiT vaWroba niSnavs nebismier qmedebas an garigebas,
romlis Sedegadac bavSvi gadaecema nebismieri piris an
pirTa jgufis mier sxva pirs an pirTa jgufs fuladi an
sxva saxis anazRaurebis fasad, amave oqmis me-2 muxls
me-3 muxli ufro akonkretebs, romlis mixedviTac bavS-
vebiT vaWroba niSnavs nebismieri saSualebiT bavSvis Se-
Tavazebas, gadacemas, an miRebas Semdegi miznebisTvis: a)
bavSvis seqsualuri eqspluatacia; b) bavSvis organoe-
bis gadacema anazRaurebis misaRebad, g) bavSvis gamoy-

455. 454
eneba iZulebiT samuSaoebze; d) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb
saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis darRveviT bavS-
vis Svilad ayvanisTvis Suamavlis iZulebiTi Tanxmo-
bis ukanonod mopoveba. rogorc vxedavT, es oqmi aseve
afarToebs bavSvTa trefikingis Sinaarss.
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mier SemuSavebuli re-
komendaciebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsSi arasrulwlovniT vaWroba kriminalize-
bulia 1432
-e muxliT, romlis mixedviT arasrulwlo-
vanTa trefikingi or kanonismier Semadgenlobad Sei-
Zleba davyoT, saxeldobr, erTi mxriv, dasjadia aras-
rulwlovnis yidva-gayidva an mis mimarT sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcieleba, xolo meore mxriv, danaSau-
lia arasrulwlovnis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva,
daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT. eqspluataciis defini-
cia mocemulia ssk-is 1431
-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi, sadac is
ufro farTodaa gagebuli, vidre Sesabamis saerTaSor-
iso dokumentebSi.
adamianebiT vaWrobis procesis sami faza: msxverplis
gadabireba (rekrutireba), gadayvana (transportireba)
da eqspluatacia rogorc srulwlovanTa, ise arasrul-
wlovanTa trefikingis dros Sinaarsobrivad identu-
ria, amitom masze dawvrilebiT ar SevCerdebiT. zemoT
Cven ukve visaubreT arasrulwlovnebis gadabirebis
formebze da aRvniSneT, rom bavSvebi trefikingisT-
vis advilad gadasabirebel kategorias Seadgenen. maTi
gadabireba SesaZlebelia iseTi xerxebiTac, rogoricaa
saWmlis, TavSesafris an saTamaSos SeTavazeba. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT gaTval-
iswinebulia adamianebiT vaWrobis sferoSi axali sain-
formacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac,

456. 455
amitom, rodesac trefikingis definiciebSi saubaria
adamianis gadabirebaze, masSi igulisxmeba adamianis
dayoliebis nebismieri saSualeba _ zepirsityvieri,
werilobiTi, internetis SesaZleblobebi da a.S. cxadia,
arasrulwlovanTa gadabirebisTvis SeiZleba gamoyen-
ebul iqnes zemoqmedebis is saSualebebic, rac srul-
wlovanTa trefikingis dros gamoiyeneba, maT ssk-is
1432
-e muxli damamZimebeli garemoebebis saxiT iTval-
iswinebs.
rac Seexeba gadayvanas an transportirebas (trans-
portireba da gadayvana ssk-Si bolo dros Setanili cv-
lilebis Semdeg cal-calkea gamoyofili), aucilebeli
ar aris rom igi sazRvrebis gadalaxviT ganxorcieldes.
trefikingi SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes rogorc
saxelmwifoTa sazRvrebis gadakveTiT, ise erTi saxelm-
wifos teritoriis SigniTac. trefikingis winaaRmdeg
brZolis evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlSi aRniSnulia,
rom es konvencia gamoiyeneba adamianebiT vaWrobis yve-
la formebis mimarT, iqneba is nacionalur Tu transna-
cionalur doneze, rogorc organizebul danaSaulTan
dakavSirebuli, ise masTan kavSiris armqone.
trefikingis procesis bolo faza aris msxverplis eqs-
pluatacia. rogorc ki msxverpli daniSnulebis adgi-
las moxvdeba, is aRmoaCens, rom monur pirobebSi unda
icxovros da imuSaos. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aras-
rulwlovnebs, ZiriTadad, seqsindustriaSi, Sinamosam-
saxureebad, soflis meurneobaSi mudmivi Tu sezonuri
samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad iyeneben da a.S.
palermos oqmisa da evrosabWos konvenciis mixedviT
eqspluatacia, rogorc minimum, gulisxmobs sxvaTa
prostituciis eqspluatacias an sqesobrivi eqsplua-

457. 456
taciis sxva formas, iZulebiT Sromas an momsaxurebas,
monobas an monobis msgavs mdgomareobas, monur Sromas
an organoTa gadanergvas. es niSnavs, rom nacionalur
kanonmdebels SeuZlia gaiTvaliswinos eqspluataciis
sxva formebic, magram man, rogorc minimum, unda gaiT-
valiswinos miTiTebuli formebi adamianiT vaWrobis
konstituciuri elementebis saxiT. magaliTad, ssk-is
1431
-e muxli garda konvenciaSi aRniSnulisa, adamianis
eqspluataciis formad iTvaliswinebs mis gamoyenebas
danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi.
trefikingis definiciis Sesabamisad, eqspluataciis
arseboba ar aris savaldebulo piroba imisa, rom adg-
ili hqondes adamianebiT vaWrobas. sakmarisia rom ada-
mianis mimarT ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebi miznad
isaxavdes mis Semdgom eqspluatacias. maSasadame, adami-
anebiT vaWroba win uswrebs msxverplis eqspluatacias.
saerTaSoriso masStabiT bavSvTa eqspluataciis
formebze zemoT gvqonda saubari, magram zogierT de-
tals davazustebT. bavSvTa eqspluataciis yvelaze
gavrcelebul formas warmoadgens prostitucia da
sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva saxeebi. amave dros, arc
palermos oqmi da arc trefikingTan brZolis evropuli
konvencia terminebs `adamianis prostituciis eqsplu-
atacia~ da `sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva formebi~
ar ganmartavs, radgan maTi Sinaarsis Sesaxeb monawile
saxelmwifoebma SeTanxmebas ver miaRwies. problema
is aris, rom prostituciasTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva
qveynebs gansxvavebuli kanonebi da politika aqvT da ar
surT maTi Secvla. jer kidev 2000 wels palermos kon-
ferenciis monawile saxelmwifoTa erTi jgufi miiC-
nevda, rom prostituciis nebismieri forma, maT Soris
srulwlovanTa nebayoflobiTi da legaluri prosti-

458. 457
tucia, unda CaTvliliyo trefikingad. saxelmwifoTa
meore jgufi ki, kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeboda im
mosazrebas, rom srulwlovanTa nebayoflobiTi pros-
titucia trefikingis formaa da acxadebda, rom nebay-
oflobiTi prostitucia ar unda iqnes gansxvavebuli
nebayoflobiTi Sromis sxva formebisgan. aseTma wi-
naaRmdegobam ganapiroba SeuTanxmebloba definiciebis
Taobaze. trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis evropuli
konvenciis monawileebma aseve Riad datoves es sakiTxi.
konvencia maTze saubrobs mxolod adamianebiT vaWro-
bis konteqstSi. igi ar Seicavs `sxva pirTa prostituci-
is eqspluataciis~ da `seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva
formebis~ cnebaTa ganmartebas. amgvarad, is konven-
cia gavlenas ar axdens imaze, Tu rogor ganmartaven
saxelmwifoebi prostituciis sakiTxs TavianT Sida sa-
marTalSi.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad
unda amovideT bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis damate-
biTi oqmidan `bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prosti-
tuciisa da bavSvTa pornografiis Sesaxeb~, romelic
bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prostituciis da bavSvTa
pornografiis definiciebs gvTavazobs. garda amisa,
bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis wi-
naaRmdeg organizebul msoflios samive kongresze xaz-
gasmiT iTqva, rom bavSvTa prostitucia, pornografia,
seqsturizmi, kulturis mavne tradiciebi aris iZuleba
da Zaladoba bavSvebze, romelic uTanabrdeba iZulebiT
Sromas da Tanamedrove monobas. aRiarebuli saerTa-
Soriso standartebis mixedviT, komerciul seqsualur
eqspluataciaze bavSvis `Tanxmobis~ sakiTxi saerTod
mniSvnelobas moklebulia. savaldebulo araa bavSvi
iZulebiT, muqariT an motyuebiT Caaba prostituciasa
Tu pornografiaSi, maTi gamoyeneba amgvar saqmianobaSi

459. 458
sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom bavSvebi eqspluataciis msx-
verplad CaiTvalon. bavSvebs naklebi zegavlenis ber-
ketebi aqvT sakuTar cxovrebaze, amitom maTi eqsplu-
atacia yovelTvis ufro iolia, vidre didebis. aqedan
gamomdinare, Zneli warmosadgenia nebayoflobiToba
bavSvTa prostituciasa, pornografiasa Tu seqsualuri
eqspluataciis sxva formebSi. ufro metic, maSinac ki
roca srulwlovani adamiani Tanxmdeba seqsualur biz-
nesSi muSaobaze, vTqvaT, konkretul bordelSi da konk-
retuli pirobebiT, Tu romelime SeTanxmebuli piroba
ar Sesruldeba da mas mainc aiZuleben imuSaos, es imas
niSnavs, rom igi motyuebisa da Zaladobis msxverplia.
motyueba TavisTavad gamoricxavs Tanxmobas. da mainc,
garda saerTaSoriso samarTalSi arsebuli azrTa sx-
vadasxvaobisa, qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikisTvis am
problemis gadaWra arcTu ioli unda iyos. saxeldobr,
ssk-is 171-e muxlis me-3 nawili pasuxismgeblobas ad-
gens arasrulwlovnis CabmisTvis prostituciaSi Zala-
dobis, Zaladobis muqaris an motyuebis gareSe, xolo
253-e muxlis me-2 nawili, winaswari SecnobiT arasrul-
wlovnis prostituciaSi CabmisTvis ZaladobiT, Zala-
dobis an qonebis ganadgurebis muqariT, SantaJiT an
motyuebiT. maSin roca saerTaSoriso standartebi (da
praqtika) aRniSnul saqmianobaSi arasrulwlovnis Cab-
misaTvis mniSvnelobas ar aniWebs arc mis mimarT gamoy-
enebul saSualebebs da arc `Tanxmobis~ sakiTxs da amg-
var qmedebas, calsaxad, eqspluataciad afasebs anu
trefikingis saxed.
aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo praqtikisTvis rTu-
li iqneba ssk-is 171-e da 253-e muxlebiT zemoT aR-
werili Semadgenlobebis gamijvna arasrulwlovanTa
trefikingisgan (1432
-e muxli). igive unda iTqvas ssk-is
2551
-e muxliT aRwerili danaSaulis Semadgenlobis _

460. 459
arasrulwlovanis Cabma pornografiuli nawarmoebis
an sxva sagnis ukanonod damzadebasa da gasaRebaSi, da
arasrulwlovanTa trefikingis mimarTebaze. jer erTi,
arasrulwlovnis pornografiaSi Cabmis kanonieri gza
ar arsebobs da mis saTaurSi sityva `ukanono~ zedme-
tia, meorec, Tuki, magaliTad, pornomasalis damzade-
baSi 5-6 wlis gogonas Caabamen, es qmedeba trefikingad
SevafasoT Tu 2551
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul dana-
Saulad?! saerTaSoriso standartebidan Tu amovalT
msgavsi qmedeba bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis
formaa, rac trefikingis niSania.100
am kiTxvaze qarTul
kanonmdeblobaSi calsaxa pasuxi ar aris da dazustebas
saWiroebs. Cveni SexedulebiT, bavSvTa dacvis uzenaesi
interesebidan gamomdinare msgavsi praqtika trefik-
ingad unda Sefasdes. aseTia bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso standartebi. aqedan gamomdinare, ssk-is
171-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, 253-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT da
2551
-e muxliT aRwerili danaSaulis SemadgenlobaTa
arseboba azrs moklebulia. SesaZlebelia am sakiTx-
isadmi diferencirebuli midgomac, kerZod, 14 wlamde
arasrulwlovanis Cabma prostituciasa Tu pornogra-
fiaSi yvela SemTxvevaSi trefikingad Sefasdes, xolo
14-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovnis analogiur seqsua-
lur praqtikaSi CarTva maTive TanxmobiT, prostitu-
ciaSi an pornografiaSi Cabmad (muxli 171-e an 2551
-e).
palermos oqmi da evropuli konvencia arc `iZule-
biT Sromas~ ganmartavs, Tumca araerTi saerTaSor-
100 es problema dgas saqarTvelos ssk-is 254-e muxlTan
mimarTebaSic, romelic suteniorebisTvis adgens pasuxismge-
blobas, magram ar Cans damokidebuleba arasrulwlovanTa
prostituciisdmi. trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanons ufro viwrod esmis seqsualuri eqsplua-
tacia (ix. muxli me-3), rac SesabamisobaSi ar aris saerTaSor-
iso konvenciebTan.

461. 460
iso instrumenti arsebobs misi Sinaarsis asaxsnelad.
bavSvebTan mimarTebiT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-
nia Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis 1999 wlis 17
ivnisis konvencia bavSvTa Sromis ukiduresi formebis
Sesaxeb, romlis CamonaTvali zemoT ukve vaxseneT. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT
`iZulebiT Sromaze~ Tanxmobis namdviloba Sefasebuli
unda iqnes saqmis yvela garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
`Tanxmobis~ sakiTxi martivi ar aris. rTulia gansaz-
Rvro sad mTavrdeba Tavisufali arCevani da sad iwyeba
iZuleba. adamianebiT vaWrobis sferoSi zogierT msx-
verpls mciredi warmodgenac ara aqvs, ra elodeba. meo-
reni, piriqiT informirebulni arian, rom, magaliTad,
prostituciaSi Caabamen, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom
isini yovelgvar Zalmomreobas daTanxmdebian. maSasa-
dame, is faqti, rom adamiani daTanxmda prostituciaSi
Cabmas, ar niSnavs rom igi yovelgvar Zaladobas Seegue-
ba. amgvarad, Tu piri daTanxmdeba imuSaos Zalian cud
pirobebSi da cudi anazRaurebiT, is mainc trefikingis
msxverplad CaiTvleba, Tuki mas savalo kabalis, iZule-
biTi Sromis, an monur pirobebSi amyofeben. Tu mtkice-
bulebebi miuTiTebs, rom adgili hqonda raime formiT
piris Tavisufali nebis gamovlenis SezRudvas, is tre-
fikingis msxverplad iTvleba da misi Tanxmobis gama-
marTlebel argumentad gamoyeneba dauSvebelia.
evrosabWos konvenciis me-4 muxlis mixedviT, Tu
gamokveTilia trefikingis danaSaulis niSnebi, msxver-
plis Tanxmobas mis winaswar ganzraxul eqspluataci-
aze mniSvneloba ar eniWeba. miT ufro, met yuradRebas
moiTxovs es sakiTxi arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi,
erTi mxriv, ramdenad iyo `Tanxmoba~ bavSvis Tavisufa-
li nebis gamovlineba da ramdenad acnobierebda saku-
Tari qmedebis mniSvnelobas, da meore mxriv, ramdenad
SesabamisobaSia igi bavSvis uzenaesi interesebis dacv-

462. 461
asTan. qarTuli, savalalo socialuri sinamdvilidan
gamomdinare, bavSvTa Sromis yvela formis trefikingad
CaTvla safuZvels moklebulia. zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,
rom ojaxebis mier bavSvebis CarTva Semosavlis momtan
saqmianobaSi SimSilisgan Tavis dasaRwevad ar SeiZleba
trefikingad Sefasdes, magram qarTul sinamdvileSi
bavSvTa trefikingis araerTi faqtia gamovlenili, ro-
melic reagirebis gareSea datovebuli.
iZulebiTi Sroma gulisxmobs nebismier samuSaos an mom-
saxurebas, romelic miiReba piris fizikuri an fsiqi-
kuri iZulebiT, mis mimarT muqaris, SantaJis an misi
umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT. amgvarad, termini
iZulebiTi Sroma Tavis TavSi moiazrebs `iZulebiT mom-
saxurebasac~. Tumca `momsaxureba~ 1431
-e muxlis SeniS-
vnaSi gancalkevebiTaa moxseniebuli.
palermos oqmma da evrokonvenciam arc monobis msgavsi
mdgomareoba ganmarta, Tumca bavSvTa Sromis zogierTi
ukiduresi forma moculia sxva saerTaSoriso aqtebiT,
kerZod, iZulebiTi Sromis Sesaxeb 1930 wlis konvenciiT
da monobis, monaTvaWrobisa da monobis msgavsi insti-
tutebisa da Cveulebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb gaeros 1956
wlis 7 seqtembris damatebiTi konvenciiT. am ukanaskne-
li dokumentis mixedviT, monoba aris statusi an mdgo-
mareoba adamianisa, romlis mimarTac iyeneben nebismi-
er moqmedebas, rogorc sakuTrebis uflebis obieqtis
mimarT. saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, monobis
gansakuTrebul formad iTvleba `sxvaze damokidebuli
mdgomareoba~. aq saubaria msxverplis valdebulebaze,
icxovros da imuSaos mesakuTris meurneobaSi, gauwios
mas gansazRvruli momsaxureba, rogorc anazRaurebiT,
ise mis gareSe, magram sakuTari mdgomareobis Secvlis
SesaZleblobis gareSe. igi gulisxmobs `Tavisuflebis
uaryofis gansakuTrebiT mZime formas~, Tumca mas ara

463. 462
aqvs sakuTrebis uflebis atributebi, rac axasiaTebs
monobas. cnobilia, rom Sinamosamsaxureoba bavSvTa
trefikingis erT-erTi SeniRbuli da gavrcelebuli
formaa, rac zogjer monobis msgavs an sxvaze damokide-
bul mdgomareobas iZens. amgvari mdgomareoba gansa-
kuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea bavSvebisTvis, romelTa mow-
yveta ojaxuri garemosgan sakmarisia, rom isini sxvaze
damokidebulad iqcnen. am mdgomareobaSi moxvedrili
bavSvebi praqtikulad nebismieri formis eqspluata-
ciis msxverplni SeiZleba gaxdnen. es bavSvebi gansa-
kuTrebiT daucvelni arian eqspluataciisgan, radgan
xSirad Zalian Sors arian ojaxisa da Temisgan.
eqspluatacia aseve moicavs adamianis iZulebas sxeulis
organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda
sxvagvaradgamoyenebismizniT.evropissabWoTaviserT-
erT iuridiul miRwevad Tvlis im principis aRiarebas,
romlis Tanaxmadac adamianis sxeuli da misi calkeuli
elementebi ar SeiZleba mogebis miRebis wyarod iqces.
es principi ganmtkicebul iqna adamianis uflebebisa da
biomedicinis Sesaxeb 1996 wlis konvenciis 21-e muxlSi
da mis, 2002 wlis damatebiT oqmSi adamianis organoebis
da qsovilebis gadanergvis Sesaxeb, romlis 22-e muxli
krZalavsadamianisorganoebiTadaqsovilebiTukanono
vaWrobas. am principma aseve asaxva hpova saqarTvelos
kanonebSi janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb da adamianis
organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
ssk-Si 134-e muxlis (adamianis organos an qsovilis aRe-
bis iZuleba) Semotanis Semdeg, sasamarTlo praqtiki-
saTvis SesaZlebelia garkveuli problema Seqmnas misma
gamijvnam arasrulwlovanTa trefikingisgan. kerZod,
konkretul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovnis iZuleba tre-
fikingad SevafasoT Tu misi sicocxlisa da janmrTelo-
bisTvis safrTxis Semqmnel deliqtad _ saqmis faqto-

464. 463
brivi garemoebebis yovelmxrivi analizis safuZvelze
unda gadawydes.
amgvarad, adamianebiT (maT Soris arasrulwlovnebiT)
vaWrobasrTuliSemadgenlobaaqvs,romelicmTlianoba-
Si warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls da ara
calke aRebuli Semadgenlobis romelime elementi.
amave dros, danaSauli adre stadiaze mTavrdeba, imisT-
vis rom trefikingi damTavrebul danaSaulad CaiTva-
los, savaldebulo ar aris piri eqspluataciaSi moeqc-
es; sakmarisia isic, rom adamianis mimarT trefikingis
definiciiT gansazRvruli erT-erTi moqmedeba ganxor-
cieldes eqspluataciis mizniT. maSasadame, trefikingi
aRmocendeba individis faqtobriv eqspluataciamde.
Tu trefikingis msxverpli 18 wels miuRwevelia, dana-
SaulisTvis savaldebulo ar aris zemoqmedebis raime
saSualebis gamoyeneba. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba rom
damtkicdes, samarTaldamcavma organoebma sakmarisia
daadginon iseTi moqmedebebis arseboba, rogoricaa
bavSvis gadabireba an transportireba eqspluataciis
mizniT.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisTvis aucile-
belia,romtrefikingisdanaSauliwinaswariganzraxviT
iyos Cadenili. `ganzraxvis~ cnebis ganmartebas saerTa-
Soriso konvenciebi nacionalur samarTals utoveben.
amave dros, trefikingis saerTaSoriso definiciebi iT-
valiswineben ganzraxvis specialur elements _ saxel-
dobr, masSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela qmedeba xorciel-
deba msxverplis eqspluataciis mizniT. amgvarad, ada-
mianebiT vaWroba, saerTaSoriso konvenciebis mixedviT,
arsebobs mxolod mocemuli saxis specialuri ganzrax-
vis SemTxvevaSi. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

465. 464
eqsis mixedviT arasrulwlovanTa trefikingi mxolod
pirdapir ganzraxvas gulisxmobs. amasTanave, aras-
rulwlovnis yidva-gayidvis an mis mimarT sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebis dros qmedebis mizans kvali-
fikaciisTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, xolo Tu adgili
aqvs arasrulwlovnis gadabirebas gadayvanas, gadamal-
vas, daqiravebas, transportirebas, gadacemas, Sefare-
bas anda miRebas, savaldebuloa eqspluataciis mizani.
ssk-is 1432
-e muxli arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis damamZ-
imebel garemoebebad iTvaliswinebs: igive qmedebis
Cadenas samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT,
damnaSavisTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareoba-
Si myofis an damnaSaveze materialurad an sxvagvarad
damokidebulis mimarT (nawili me-2); arasrulwlovniT
vaWroba: araerTgzis, iZulebiT, SantaJiT, an motyue-
biT; ori an meti arasrulwlovnis mimarT; dazaralebu-
lis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, sicocxlisaTvis an janm-
rTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zaladobis muqariT, anda aseTi
Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqariT (nawili me-3); aras-
rulwlovniT vaWroba Cadenili organizebuli jgufis
mier, anda ramac gamoiwvia arasrulwlovnis sicocxlis
mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi (nawili me-4).
es damamZimebeli garemoebebi Sinaarsobrivad ar gan-
sxvavdeba srulwlovanTa trefikingis analogiuri
makvalificirebeli garemoebebisgan. amitom maTze ar
SevCerdebiT. Tumca yuradReba gvinda gavamaxviloT im
garemoebaze, rom trefikingTan brZolis Sesaxeb evro-
puli konvencia winadadebas aZlevs monawile saxelm-
wifoebs trefikingis definiciaSi mocemuli zogierTi
garemoeba, damamZimebeli saxiT gaiTvaliswinon sasje-
lis gansazRvris dros. erT-erT aseT damamZimebel ga-

466. 465
remoebad rekomendebulia SemTxveva, roca adamianiT
vaWrobis dros, msxverplis sicocxles safrTxe Seeqm-
na ganzrax an uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT. es garemoeba
analogiurad aris formulirebuli evropis sabWos
2002 wlis 19 ivlisis CarCo gadawyvetilebaSi adami-
anebiT vaWrobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb. aseTi garemoebis
arsebobaze, magaliTad, SeiZleba visaubroT maSin, roca
pirobebi, romelSic trefikingis msxverpli gadahyavT
imdenad cudia, rom misi sicocxle safrTxeSi dgeba.
zustad identuri damamZimebeli garemoeba ssk-Si ar
gvaqvs, Tumca mas miesadageba 1432
-e muxlis me-3 nawilis
`e~ qvepunqti _ sicocxlisTvis an janmrTelobisTvis
saSiSi ZaladobiT.
evropuli konvenciiT damamZimebel garemoebad, aseve,
rekomendebulia vaWroba arasrulwlovnis mimarT. Tum-
ca, qarTvelma kanonmdebelma arasrulwlovniT vaWroba
calke Semadgenlobad gaiTvaliswina.
ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvebiT vaWroba ganvasxvaoT
srulwlovnebiT vaWrobisgan? am kiTxvaze specialur
literatuarSi aseT argumentebs vxvdebiT: a) bavSvebis
daucvelobis gamo manipulaciebisa da eqspluataciis
winaSe; b) specifikuri socialuri, fsiqologiuri Tu
fizikuri tramvis gamo, romelic bavSvs miadga adreu-
li ganviTarebis periodSi da romelsac ufro serio-
zuli Sedegebi SeiZleba hqondes bavSvis momavali gan-
viTarebisa da reabilitaciisaTvis; g) saxelmwifoTa
iuridiuli valdebulebebis gamo uzrunvelyon bavSvTa
uflebebis dacva, ise rogorc es bavSvis uflebebis kon-
venciaSia Cawerili. Tumca, gaurkvevelia, ratom ar Sei-
Zleba am miznebis ganxorcieleba, Tuki trefikingisT-
vis pasuxismgebloba integrirebuli iqneba erT Semad-

467. 466
genlobaSi. es SesaZlebelia erTi muxlis farglebSic
pasuxismgeblobis da Sesabamisad, sasjelebis diferen-
cirebiT srulwlovniT da arasrulwlovniT vaWrobi-
saTvis.101
evrosabWos konvenciiT trefikingis damamZimebel gare-
moebebad, aseve rekomendebulia misi Cadena sajaro mox-
elis mier samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas da
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mier. es rekomendaciebi
asaxulia ssk-is 1432
-e muxlSi.
arasrulwlovanTa trefikingi da momijnave samar-
TaldarRvevebi
trefikingisgan unda ganvasxvavoT seqsualuri Zalado-
ba bavSvebze. zogadad, bavSvebze seqsualuri Zalado-
bis arsenalSi moiazreba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi kanonismieri Semadgenlobebi,
rogoricaa: arasrulwlovnis gaupatiureba _ 137-e
muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawili; seqsualuri xasiaTis Zal-
momreobiTi moqmedeba damnaSavisTvis winaswari Sec-
nobiT arasrulwlovnis mimarT _ 138-e muxlis me-3 da
me-5 nawili; sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis
sxvagvari moqmedebis iZuleba arasrulwlovnis mimarT
_ 139-e muxlis me-2 nawili; ssk-is 141-e muxliT krimi-
nalizebulia garyvnili qmedeba 16 wels miuRwevelTan,
magram aq saubaria Zaladobis gareSe qmedebaze da Tuki
ZaladobiT xorcieldeba igive qmedeba, maSin isev 138-e
muxli unda movimarjvoT.
101
ix. marTlmsajuleba da kanoni, 2006, N 2, gv. 54-61.

468. 467
bavSvze seqsualuri Zaladoba, es aris kontaqti an urT-
ierToba bavSvsa da srulwlovans an ufro gaTvicno-
bierebul mozards Soris, ra drosac bavSvi gamoiyeneba
rogorc moZaladis seqsualuri moTxovnilebis dakmay-
ofilebis sagani (ix. Ecpat international). aseTi moqmedeba
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes muqariT, ZaladobiT, mosyid-
viT, motyuebiT, zewoliT. seqsualuri xasiaTis Zalmom-
reobiTi moqmedeba yovelTvis ar Seicavs sxeulebriv
kontaqts moZaladesa da bavSvs Soris. aseTi Zalmom-
reobiTi xasiaTis moqmedeba SeiZleba Seicavdes eqsgi-
bicionizms an vuaerizms. magaliTad, srulwlovani ada-
miani uTvalTvalebs bavSvs Tu rogor ixdis tansacmels
anda inicirebas ukeTebs (aiZulebs, aRagznebs) bavSvebs
daamyaron erTmaneTTan seqsualuri kontaqti, TviTon
ki uyurebs an videofirze iwers maT moqmedebas, riTac
siamovnebas iRebs. SedarebiT axali fenomenia kiberar-
Siyi da kiberdevna (Gruming). rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT,
dResdReobiT arc erT iurisdiqciaSi, qselSi devna
ukanono qmedebad ar aris aRiarebuli.
Cveulebrivi seqsualuri Zaladobisgan gansxvavebiT,
komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia bavSvs aqcevs
ara mxolod seqsis obieqtad, aramed agreTve vaWrobis
sagnadac.
trefikingsaTubavშvTaseqsualurieqspluataciissxva
formebs (prostitucia, pornografia da sxv.) komerci-
uli garigebis forma aqvs, romelsac mogeba moaqvs erTi
an ramdenime pirisTvis. Tumca msxverplisTvis naturiT
anaზRaurebad garigebebsac aq moiazreben. saqme imaSia,
rom xSirad aseT SeTanxmebas ganixilaven rogorc bavS-
vis `TanxmobiT~ ganxorcielebuls. bavSvebis seqsua-

469. 468
luri eqspluatacia SeiZleba moxdes Ramis gasaTevis
micemis, მაTi dacvis, skolaSi kargi Sefasebebis miReb-
is da misT. sanacvlod. cxadia, bavSvi amgvar garigebaze
Tanxmobas ar iZleva da igi im adamianis (an adamianebis)
msxverplia, vinc borotad iyenebs Tavis mdgomareobasa
da Zalauflebas.
amrigad, saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, gansxvaveba,
erTi mxriv, bavSvebze seqsualur Zaladobasa, da meore
mxriv, trefikingsa Tu seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva
formebs Soris ama Tu im formiT anazRaurebis faqtor-
Sia, rac komerciuli garigebis formas iRebs.
calke msjelobis sagania bavSvTa ukanono gaSvileba.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba krZalavs pirdapiri wesiT
gaSvilebas. meurve bavSvisa, romelic dabadebamde ukve
arasasurvelia mSoblisTvis saxelmwifoa, vidre ar
SeirCeva mSvilebeli ojaxi. amave dros, Svilad ayvanis
garTulebuli procedura xels uwyobs ukanono garige-
bebs arasrulwlovnebze. saxeldobr, Svilad ayvanis
procedura, romelic saqarTveloSi arsebobs, did
sirTuleebs uqmnis dainteresebul ojaxebs, maT wlo-
biT uwevT rigSi dgoma, rac Tavis mxriv xels uwyobs ko-
rufciasdaukanonogarigebebsbavSvebze.zogjerdaus-
abuTebel uars eubnebian ojaxebs, maSin roca CvenTan
quCis bavSvebis zrdis tendencia SeiniSneba. arc imiT
interesdeba vinme, ra bedi ewiaT Svilad ayvanil bavS-
vebs, aravin akontrolebs maT mdgomareobas. saWiroa
naSvilebi bavSvis Semdgomi yofis monitoringi, yve-
las smenia maT Tavs gadaxdenili samwuxaro istoriebi.
kanonmdeblobis da socialuri kontrolis xarvezebiT
kargad sargebloben adamianiT movaWreebi. amis naTeli

470. 469
magaliTi iyo saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikaSi o.
gorelikis saqme. man saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi bavS-
vebis gaSvileba Semosavlis miRebis wyarod aqcia. man
2000-2001 w. araerTgzis gaukeTa organizacia arasrul-
wlovnebiT vaWrobas (yidva-gayidvas) da sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebas sazRvargareT ukanonod gaS-
vilebis mizniT. igi msjavrdebul iqna Tbilisis krwani-
si-mTawmindis raionuli sasamarTlos mier 2001 wlis
11 dekembers ssk-is 172-e muxliT (aqve unda aRiniSnos
quTaisis, wyaltubosa da xonis samSobiaro saxlebidan
bavSvTa vaWrobis faqtebi).
qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi
aseve problemuria arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis (tre-
fikingi) da Svilad ayvanis mizniT arasrulwlovanze
ukanono garigebis gamijvna.
amgvari winaaRmdegobis qrestomaTiuli magaliTia
sisxlis samarTlis saqme buwaSvilis mimarT, romelmac
Svilad ayvanis mizniT gayida bavSvi da provokaciis msx-
verpli deda trefikingisTvis gaasamarTles. es saqme
naTeli dasturia imisa, rom ukanono gaSvileba tre-
fikingTan pirdapir kavSirSi aRiqmeba da mis gamomwvev
mizezad iTvleba. Tumca msgavsi damokidebuleba bolo
periodSi Seicvala.
saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis Sesaxeb Jenevis 2008 wlis
konvenciis mixedviT, Tu bavSvi gaiyida Svilad ayva-
nis mizniT sisxlis samarTlis devnaze uari unda iTq-
vas bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare. marTlac, Tuki
bavSvi xelsayrel garemoSi moxvda Znelia xeli aRmarTo
vinmes dasasjelad. saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis mimarT,
ufro zustad arasrulwlovnisadmi amgvari damokide-
buleba swored am konvenciidan ikveTeba. manamde haa-

471. 470
gis 1993 wlis konvencia bavSvTa dacvisa da saerTa-
Soriso gaSvilebis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb,
aseve 1996 wlis 19 oqtombris konvencia bavSvTa dacvis
RonisZiebis Sesaxeb ZiriTad aqcents akeTebdnen mimRe-
bi ojaxis movaleobebze, mSobelTa pasuxismgeblobaze
da CrdilSi rCeboda Tavad arasrulwlovani. magram
saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis Sesaxeb bolo konvenciam
swored arasrulwlovanze gaakeTa aqcenti. amrigad,
bavSvis uzenaesi interesebidan gamomdinare, Tu Svilad
ayvanis mizniT moxda misi yidva, es ar SeiZleba sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis safuZveli gaxdes.102
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ssk-is 172-e muxlSi, sa-
mecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli kritikuli SeniS-
vnebis Semdeg Sevida Sesabamisi Sesworebebi.
102
aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvTa interesebis dacvas maTi transna-
cionaluri gadaadgilebisa da saerTaSoriso gaSvilebisas
mieZRvna haagis sami konvencia: 1980 wlis konvencia bavS-
vebis saerTaSoriso motacebis samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi
aspeqtebis Sesaxeb; 1993 wlis konvencia bavSvTa dacvisa da
saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb;
igi miznad isaxavs saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis procesis regu-
lacias da Svilad ayvanili bavSvebis interesebis dacvas da
1996 wlis konvencia mSoblebis pasuxismgeblobisa da bavS-
vTa dacvisTvis gaTvaliswinebul zomebTan dakavSirebuli
iurisdiqciis, Sesabamisi kanonis, aRiarebis, iZulebiTi aR-
srulebisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. es ukanaskneli kon-
vencia bavSvTa dacvis samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi zomebis
farTo wres moicavs. konvenciiT Camoyalibda bavSvTa dac-
vis integrirebuli sistema, romelic moicavs samarTlis
sxvadasxva sistemebis rogorc sajaro-samarTlebriv, ise
kerZo-samarTlebriv RonisZiebebs bavSvTa meurveobisa da
dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. es konvencia ar cdilobs Seqmnas
erTiani saerTaSoriso samarTali bavSvTa dacvis Sesaxeb; misi
mizania Seqmnas bavSvTa dacvis sakiTxebze efeqturi saerTa-
Soriso TanamSromlobis sistema sxvadasxva kulturuli da
religiuri warmomavlobis samarTlebriv sistemebs Soris.

472. 471
§ 6. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis
momsaxurebiT sargebloba
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi novacias war-
moadgens 1433
-e muxli _ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-
ingis) msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba. trefik-
ingTan brZolis Sesaxeb evrokonvenciis me-19 muxliT
monawile saxelmwifoebs rekomendacia miecaT nacio-
naluri samarTlis principebis Sesabamisad, moaxdinon
msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis kriminalizacia,
swored amis gamoZaxilia ssk-is 1433
-e muxli.
trefikingis ganviTarebas da gafarToebas xels uwyobs
adamianTa uzarmazari raodenobis Seupovari Tu saso-
warkveTili mcdeloba gadaWran siRaribis problema,
ojaxuri siZneleebi, eZion ukeTesi cxovrebis piro-
bebi maSin, roca sxva adgilas moTxovnileba arsebobs
maT Sromasa da momsaxurebaze. sanam aseTi moTxovna
iqneba, miwodebac iarsebebs. damnaSaveoba, magaliTad,
bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia, arse-
bobs imitom, rom masze arsebobs moTxovnileba. swored
amitomac aris mizanSewonili daisajos msxverplis
momsaxurebiT sargebloba. amasTanave, prostituciaSi
an sxvagvar seqsualur qmedebebSi Cabmuli bavSvebis
mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi an administraciuli ze-
moqmedebis zomebis gamoyenebis safuZveli ar arsebobs.
isini zrunvasa da dacvas saWiroeben. damnaSaveebi kli-
entebi, suteniorebi da eqspluatatorebi arian, isini
unda idevnebodnen sasamarTlo wesiT da ara bavSvebi.
damnaSaveoba sul ufro da ufro avlens Tavisi saqmi-
anobis diversifikaciis tendencias, igi eswrafvis

473. 472
eqspluataciisTvis adamianTa miwodebas yvela seqtor-
Si, sadac moTxovnileba arsebobs.
trefikingTan brZolis Sesaxeb ekrokonvenciis me-6
muxli eTmoba adamianebiT vaWrobis moTxovnasTan brZo-
lis zomebs, romelSic vkiTxulobT: adamianebis, gansa-
kuTrebiT qalebis da bavSvebis eqspluataciis warmom-
Sob moTxovnilebasTan winaaRmdegobis mizniT, radgan
mas mivyavarT adamianebiT vaWrobasTan. monawile mxa-
reebi iReben an srulyofen sakanonmdeblo, adminis-
traciul, saganmanaTleblo, socialur, kulturul
da sxva zomebs. es muxli mxareebs akisrebs pozitiur
valdebulebas miiRon an ganaviTaron zomebi, romelic
mimarTuli iqneba rogorc seqsualuri eqspluataciis,
ise iZulebiTi Sromis an momsaxurebis gawevis, monobis
an misi msgavsi praqtikis, sxvaze damokidebuli mdgo-
mareobis an organoTa amoRebis moTxovnilebasTan sa-
brZolvelad. am sakiTxisTvis calke muxlis miZRvniT
konvenciis Semdgenlebma aucileblad CaTvales xazi
gaesvaT adamianiT vaWrobis moTxovnilebasTan brZo-
lis mniSvnelobisTvis Tavad trefikingis devnisa da
prevenciis mizniT. me-6 muxli Seicavs saSualebebis
(zomebis) minimalur CamonaTvals trefikingis mov-
lenasTan efeqturad sabrZolvelad. saxeldobr, mis
ZiriTad elements warmoadgens mowinave gamocdilebis,
meTodebisa da strategiis Seswavla, romlis mizania
klientebis mxridan moTxovnilebis Semcireba. masobri-
vi informaciis saSualebebis da samoqalaqo sazogadoe-
bis rolisa da pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebisken mimarTu-
li zomebi. media da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba gvevline-
ba umniSvnelovanes faqtorad, romelmac unda aRiqvas
moTxovnileba rogorc erT-erTi pirvelmizezTagani,

474. 473
rac warmoSobs adamianebiT vaWrobas. mniSvnelovania,
aseve sainformacio koampaniebis Catareba konkretuli
jgufebis mimarT, Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi masSi sajaro
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis da im pirTa CarT-
viT, vinc politikuri gadawyvetilebebis SemuSaveba-
sa da miRebaSi monawileobs. adamianis eqspluataciis
moTxovnilebasTan brZolaSi mniSvnelovani roli ekis-
reba aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebebs, razec yu-
radReba gaamaxvila bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg 2008 wels braziliaSi gamar-
Tulma msoflio kongresma.
evrokonvenciis me-19 muxlis mixedviT, monawile mxa-
reebi movaleni arian ganixilon sakiTxi winaswari Sec-
nobiT trefikingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sarge-
blobis sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad aRiarebis Ses-
axeb. konvenciis avtorebs ramdenime garemoebam ubiZga
CaerToT es norma xelSekrulebis teqstSi. maT Soris
ZiriTadi iyo survili ar waexalisebinaT adamianiT
vaWrobis ganviTareba. es norma mimarTulia konvenci-
iT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri saxis eqspluataciis
msxverplis klientze. am normis mixedviT, danaSaulad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos, magaliTad, biznesis mesakuTris
mier, misTvis adamianiT movaWreebis mier miwodebuli
muSaxelis Segnebulad gamoyeneba. am SemTxvevaSi bizne-
sis mesakuTris moqmedeba trefikingad ver Sefasdeba,
radgan igi Tavad ar axdenda msxverplTa gadabirebas da
damoukideblad ar gamouyenebia trefikingis defini-
ciiT gaTvaliswinebuli raime saSualeba, magram dam-
naSave iqneba msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobaSi.
aseve, meZavis klienti, romelic saqmis kursSi iyo rom
qali gayiduli iyo, analogiurad pasuxs agebs msxverp-
lis momsaxurebiT sargeblobisTvis.

475. 474
mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom me-19 muxlis mixedviT
unda idevnebodes sargebloba iseTi momsaxurebiT, rac
eqspluataciis sagania trefikingis definiciis mixed-
viT. igi mimarTulia im pirTa dasjisken, vinc eqspluat-
irebuli momsaxurebis SesyidviT monawileobs msxverp-
lis eqspluataciaSi. es norma ar exeba meZavis, rogorc
aseTis momsaxurebiT sargeblobas. aseTi momsaxure-
biT sargebloba konvenciis me-10 muxlSi moeqceva, Tu
konkretuli meZavis eqspluatacia xdeba adamianebiT
vaWrobasTan dakavSirebiT, e.i. roca arsebobs tre-
fikingis danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebi. evrokon-
vencia prostituciis eqspluataciasa da seqsualuri
eqspluataciis sxva formebs exeba mxolod adamianebiT
vaWrobis konteqstSi.
evrokonvenciis me-19 muxlis mixedviT imisTvis, rom
pirma vaWrobis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblo-
bisTvis agos pasuxi, am moqmedebis ganxorcielebisas
`unda icodes rom es piri adamianiT vaWrobis msxver-
plia~, anu mosargeble unda acnobierebdes, rom moce-
muli piri adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplia da ar SeiZle-
ba daisajos, Tu es misTvis cnobili ar iyo. amis damt-
kiceba samarTaldamcavi organoebisTvis arcTu ioli
amocana iqneba. analogiuri siZnele warmoiSoba, magal-
iTad, 16 wels miuRwevelTan sqesobrivi kavSiris damt-
kicebis dros (ssk-is 140-e muxli). rogor davadginoT,
rom msxverpli 16 wels miuRwevelia? garegnoba, emocia,
viTareba da sxva faqtobrivi garemoebebi gvexmareba
amis garkvevaSi. amave kriteriumebiT SeiZleba vamtki-
coT, rom damnaSavem gaacnobiera msxverplis statusi,
roca misi momsaxurebiT sargeblobda. dasavleT ev-
ropaSi Catarebulma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom meZavebis

476. 475
klientebis 22%-ze meti msxverplis identifikacias
axdens. cnobilia maTi mxridan msxverplTa daxmarebis
SemTxvevebic.
amgvarad, mtkicebis procesis sirTule gadamwyveti
argumenti ver iqneba imisTvis, rom amgvari qceva da-
naSaulad ganvixiloT. ufro metic, 2008 wels brazili-
aSi bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis
winaaRmdeg mimarTul msoflio kongresze iTqva, rom
bavSvTa prostitucia maSinac unda daisajos, Tuki
damnaSavem Secdoma dauSva msxverplis asakSi. rogorc
vxedavT sakuTari moqmedebis SesaZlo Sedegebis riski
mTlianad damnaSaves daakisres. marTlac, roca mdina-
reSi Sedixar yvela mosalodneli safrTxec unda gaT-
valo.
mtkicebis procesis sirTule zogjer gadailaxeba faq-
tobrivi garemoebebis sauZvelze damnaSavis zraxvebis
Sesaxeb daskvnebis gakeTebis gziT. codna, ganzraxva an
mizani, rogorc danaSaulis Semadgenlobis elementi
SeiZleba dadgindes realuri, obieqturi, faqtobrivi
garemoebebis safuZvelze. es midgoma rekomendebulia
sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebSic. magaliTad, transna-
cionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg
gaeros konvenciis me-6 (f) muxlSi vkiTxulobT: `winas-
wari Secnoba, ganzraxva da mizani rogorc danaSaulis
Semadgenlobis elementebi, SeiZleba dadgindes saqmis
obieqturi faqtobrivi garemoebebis safuZvelze.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokonvenciis me-19 muxli
ara savaldebulo, aramed sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa.
miuxedavad amisa, zogierTma qveyanam, gaacnobiera ra
me-19 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekomendaciis Rire-

477. 476
buleba da mniSvneloba, misi implimentacia moaxdina
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. magaliTad, Sveciam me-19
muxlis safuZvelze pasuxismgebloba SemoiRo trefik-
ingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobisTvis. es
valdebuleba konvenciis sxva xelmomwerma (monawile)
qveynebmac aiRes. maT rigSi saqarTveloc aRmoCnda.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, zogadad, klientebis pa-
suxismgebloba prostituciisTvis dadgenili ar aris.
cxadia, miT ufro dasjadi araa prostitucia bavSvebis
mxridan, magram 2007 wlis 8 maiss SemoRebuli iqna pa-
suxismgebloba trefikingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT
sargeblobisTvis: winaswari SecnobiT ssk-is 1431
-e da
1432
-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis msxver-
plis an dazaralebuli piris iseTi momsaxurebiT sarge-
bloba, romelic amave kodeqsis 1431
-e muxlis Tanaxmad
warmoadgens eqspluatacias.
adamianTa vaWrobis msxverpli aris piri, romelsac ada-
mianTa vaWrobis (trefikingi) danaSaulis Sedegad miad-
ga moraluri, fizikuri an qonebrivi ziani da romelic
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT miC-
neulia adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplad;
xolo dazaralebuli aris piri, romelic ssk-is 1431
-e
an/da 1432
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi cno-
bilia dazaralebulad saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
1433
-e muxlis obieqturi da subieqturi Semadgenlobis
niSnebi evrokonvenciis zemoaRniSnuli rekomendacieb-
is safuZvelze unda gavigoT. danaSaulis obieqturi mx-
are gamoixateba msxverplis iseTi momsaxurebiT sarge-
blobaSi, romelic 1431
-e muxlis Tanaxmad warmoadgens

478. 477
eqspluatacias. amgvarad, msxverplis momsaxurebiT
sargebloba, romelic eqspluataciad SeiZleba Sefas-
des, unda ganimartos 1431
-e muxlis SeniSvnis safuZ-
velze, kerZod, adamianis gamoyeneba iZulebiTi Sromis
an momsaxurebisTvis, danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazoga-
doebriv qmedebaSi, prostituciis an seqsualuri eqs-
pluataciis sxva formis anda sxva saxis momsaxurebiT
sargebloba.
danaSauli obieqturad damTavrebulia maSin, roca piri
isargeblebs msxverplis an dazaralebulis aseTi mom-
saxurebiT. qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenloba pirda-
pir ganzraxvas gulisxmobs, romlis mtkicebis meTo-
dikaze zemoT visaubreT.
rac Seexeba pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoe-
bebs, Sinaarsobrivad ar gansxvavdeba 1431
-e da 1432
-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli garemoebe-
bisgan, amitom maTze ar SevCerdebiT.

479. 478

480. mesame karimesame kari
qarTuli antiqurduli normebis
da sasamarTlo
praqtikis mimoxilva

481. http://forum.tsu.ge/lofiversion/index.php/t17156.html

482. 481
Tavi ITavi I
antiqurduli normebis kriminalizaciis
sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi
guram naWyebia
iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori
§ 1. qurduli cxovrebis wesis msoflmxedvelobrivi
safuZvlebi
organizebuli danaSaulis cnebisa da misi gamovlenis
formebis analizis dros Cven araerTgzis mogviwia
`kanonieri qurdebis~ xseneba, radgam es ukanaskneli
organizebuli danaSaulis gansakuTrebuli formaa.
amjerad ki `kanonieri qurdobis~ problemas cxovrebis
wesis msoflmxedvelobrivi gagebis mixedviT ganvixi-
lavT.
faqtia, rom e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~ problemas araerTi
seriozuli naSromi mieZRvna, magram filosofiuri ana-
lizis sagani dRemde ar yofila. problemis es mxare meT-
odologiurad xdeba aucilebeli, magram sakiTxi am mxri-
vac rTulia, ris gamoc am problematikaSi raime gansa-
kuTrebuli garRvevis pretenzia ar SeiZleba gvqondes.
1. cnobilia, rom e.w. `qurduli kanonebi~ sxva arafe-
ria, Tu ara qurduli cxovrebis wesebis erToblioba,
romelic yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi gasuli saukunis 30-
an wlebidan Camoyalibda, Tumca am wesebma socialur-
politikuri viTarebis Secvlis kvalobaze, garkveuli,
arsebiTi cvlilebac ki ganicades. aRniSnuli wesebis
ZiriTadi principebi ki ase gamoiyureba:

483. 482
e.w. `Jiganebis~ mier SemuSavebuli wesebis ZiriTadi
principebi:
akrZalulia: 1. sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo SromaSi
monawileoba; 2. iaraRiT xelSi saxelmwifo interesebis
dacva; 3. xelisuflebis oficialur struqturebT-
an dazaralebulis an mowmis saxiT TanamSromloba. 4.
savaldebuloa saerTo salaroSi fulis Setana. arse-
bobs qurduli fici, qurduli kurTxeva, qurduli sa-
samarTlo; qurduli Rirsebis kodeqsi; qurduli Sekre-
bebi am samyarosTvis umniSvnelovanesi gadawyvetile-
bebis misaRebad da gasatareblad.
qurdebi Tavis Tavs `kanoniers~ marto am wesebis gamo
ar uwodebdnen. es wesebi maT sWirdebodaT imisTvis,
rom emarTelbinaT Tavi, TiTqos am wesebis gamo moq-
medebdnen ase da ara sxva ramis gamo.1
Tavis marTlebisa
da TviTmotyuebis Taobaze sainteresoa prof. z. kakaba-
Zis mosazrebani. kerZod, adamiani midrekilia TviTmo-
tyuebisaken, romelic garkveulwilad danaSaulebri-
vi qmedebis gamarTlebis mcdelobaSic gamoixateba.
esaa sindisis neitralizacia, mocemuli saqme TiTqos
saWiro da aucilebelia.2
Mmocemul SemTxvevaSi `kanoni-
er qurds~ qurduli cxovrebis wesis moSvelieba imitom
sWirdeba, rom gaamarTlos sakuTari qmedeba, ara marto
Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebis, an xelisuflebis warmomad-
genelTa mimarT, aramed TviT im kanonieri qurdebis mi-
marTac, romlebmac daarRvies qurduli cxovrebis we-
sis romelime norma.
1
g. lobJaniZe, g. Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi,
Tb., 2004, gv. 46.
2
z. kakabaZe, adamiani rogorc filosofiuri problema, Tb.,
1967.

484. 483
2. g. podlekixi da a. tereSonoki aRniSnaven, rom ruseT-
Si damnaSavisadmi erTgvari TanagrZnoba da cnobismoy-
vareoba yovelTvis igrZnoboda.3
Aam mxriv gamonaklisi
arc saqarTveloa. ufro metic, qarTul mwerlobaSic ki
gamoikveTa amgvari tendencia, rodesac kriminals qur-
duli cxovrebis gansakuTrebulobis Saravandedi mo-
savs (magaliTd, n. dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi murtalo, li-
mona da sxva). Ees tendencia, erTi mxriv, gasagebia, radgan
`kanonieri qurdic~ adamiania da Tu mas, miuxedavad
misi kriminaluri warsulisa, mainc SemorCa adamianuri
Rirsebisa da siyvarulis grZnoba, _ es gzavnilia nebi-
smieri gonieri mosamarTlisTvis, romelmac yvelaze
ufro xelidan wasuli `kanonieri qurdis~ pirovnebaSi
adamiani unda aRmoaCinos. Mmagram, samwuxarod, krimi-
nalebisadmi amgvari TanagrZnoba, rac pativsadebia
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi imis gamosakvelvad, Tu
ratom daadga is piri qurduli cxovrebis gzas, miuRe-
belia kriminilogiurad, danaSaulTa Tavidan acilebis
poziciebidanac; ufro metic, _ filosofiurad,
radgan qurduli cxorebis wesi, misi namdvili usaz-
risobis gamo, elementarul filosofiur kritikas ver
uZlebs. magram yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi `kanonieri~
qurdebisadmi erTgvari TanagrZnoba imanac gamoiwvia,
rom saxelmwifo sakuTreba `saarviso~ sakuTrebadac ki
iyo gagebuli da, maSasadame, misi nebismieri xerxiT xe-
lyofa mosaxleobis didi nawilis mxriv danaSaulad ar
fasdeboda (`me xom ar mparavs?~ poziciidan).
3. riT aixsneba qurduli cxovrebis wesis amgvari gam-
Zleoba? ufro metic, ra sazrisi devs e. w. kanonieri
qurdis erTob xifaTian, xSirad sasikvdilod gamete-
bul cxovrebaSi? nuTu kanonier qurds ara aqvs imisi
3
g. podlekixi, a. tereSonoki, kanonieri qurdebi, baTumi, 1995,
gv. 5.

485. 484
gageba, rom is Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdeg moqmedebs? an:
kanonieri qurdis fsiqologia da filosofia imiT xom
ar ar aixsneba, rom sazogadoebrivi cxovreba naklova-
nia, usamarTlobiT aris gajerebuli da amitom xom ar
unda vifiqroT, rom kanonieri qurdi csovrebis am mank-
ieri wesis produqtia, da rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi
usamarTlobis samarTliani gadanawilebis pretenziiT
marTldeba? erTi ki aSkaraa, rom nebismieri kanonieri
qurdis cxovreba gamoirCeva angarebiT. marTalia, ar-
sebobda, ase vTqvaT, idealuri `kanonieri qurdis~ tipi,
romelsac aranairi qoneba ar gaaCnda, magram saarsebo
wyaros igi iZenda misi organizatorobiT Cadenili da-
naSaulebrivi qmedebisagan, an im e.w. saerTo `biujeti-
dan,~ romelsac saerTo salaro anu `obSaki~ ewodeba.
am gzaze kanonieri qurdi daundobelia da, rac ufro
bevrs Soulobs, mas miT ufro bevri undeba (am mxriv
tariel onianis magaliTic kmara!) aq ki, rogorc Cans,
saqme exeba Tavisebur prestiJs, ese igi, Rirsebis saqmes.
am mimarTebiT ki Tavs iCens RirebulebiTi orientacia,
rac aqsiologiuri midgomis gareSe sworad gagebuli
ver iqneba. am mxriv friad sainteresoa `kanonieri qur-
debis~ daxasiaTeba dadebiTobis kompleqsSi, rodesac
yoveli dadebiTi Strixi gamoyenebulia am tipis krim-
inalTa sasargeblod da maTi avtoritetis amaRlebas
emsaxureba. kerZod, `kanonieri qurdi,~ araerTgzis na-
samarTlevia; is sisxlissamarTlebriv subkulturas
Rrmad aris dauflebuli; damnaSaveTa samyaroSi sarge-
blobs didi avtoritetiT; is, saerTo wesisamebr, aRi-
arebulia kanonier qurdad am tipis kriminalTa Tavyri-
lobebze, sadac dgeba qurduli eTikisa da ideologiis
sakiTxebi; agreTve qurduli biujetis anu `obSakis`
Sevsebis xerxebi Dda meTodebi. K`kanonieri qurdi` super-
lideria da igi qurduli cxovrebis wess icavs ara mar-
to Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdis adgilebSi, aramed
sxvaganac, sadac ki xeli miuwvdeba. Uufro metic, isini

486. 485
qurduli cxovrebis wesis aqtiuri propagandistebi
arian.
maT aqvT mTeli rigi sxva dadebiTi Tvisebebis kompleq-
si. isini kargi organizatorebi arian; maT aqvT unari,
Sekran damnaSaveni da isini TavianT nebas daumorCi-
lon; isini, umravles SemTxvevaSi, mimzidvelni da sain-
teresoni arian; ivaldebulben Tavs, raTa Tvalyuri ad-
evnon Tavis garegnobas; unda icvamdnen sufTad da aku-
ratulad, modurad, mudam inda iyvnen formaSi, sufTad
gaparsulni; unda zrunavdnen sakuTari metyvelebisT-
vis. ar daijeron da ar gaavrcelon QWorebi, ESeumowme-
beli informacia, romelic laxavs romelime msjavrde-
bulis Rirsebas. Qqurdul garCevebze iyvnen obieqturni,
samarTliani, darRvevebis mimarT Seurigebelni, daun-
dobelni. gamoirCevian imisi didi unariT, rom moTokon
sakuTari emocia, ar unda gamovidenen mwyobridan da
ara yviriliT, aramed, avtoriteTiT da saqmis codniT
daarwmunon mowinaaRmdege.4
magram saqme isaa, rom kanonieri qurdis saxe arsebiTad
Seicvala gasuli saukunis 90-ani wlebidan, rodesac
ruseTSi saxelmwifo xelisufleba Sesustda, ufro
metic, gaCnda xelisuflebis vakuumi, xolo amisi Sevse-
ba sxvadasxva rjulis e.w. avtoritetebma daiwyes, maT
Tavdapirvelad moxerxebulad Seqmnes reketebis mTeli
qseli, daaweses xarki, mosakrebeli. bevri maTgani bi-
znesmenTa araofiacialuri dacvis samsaxurSi Cadga da
am gziT sakmaod didi fuli dargovda, xolo yovelive
es xels uwyobda imas, rom kanonieri qurdebi TandaTan
CarTuliynen biznesSi. es ki maTi gadaSenebis dasawyiss
moaswavebda, radgan isini ukve TanamSromlobdnen bi-
znesis oficilur struqturebTan, maT ukve gauCndaT
4
amis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT ix. И. Т. Шурухнов, Неформаль-
ная дифференцияция итсправительно-трудовых учреждений, М. 1992.

487. 486
politikur xelisuflebaSi mosvlis pretenzia, ra Tqma
unda, upirveles yovlisa, misi biznes interesebSi. es
avtoritetebs qurduli cxovrebis tradiuciuli wesi
kapikadac aRar uRirT; isini uars amboben kanonier qur-
dad oficialur kurTxevazec ki. saqme iqamdec mivida,
rom `qurdis~ wodeba, romelic araerTgzis nasamarT-
lobas, Tanac cixeSi jdomiT, gulisxmobda, bolo xaneb-
Si iyideba im pirzec ki, romelic cixeSi erTi dRec ar
mjdara. Tanac sakmaoze metad axalgazrdebze. isini
cdiloben ufro avtoritetuli qurdebis mosyidvas
didi fulis xarjze. Aamdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ko-
rufciam ufro metad daartya kanononier qurdebs,
vidre oficialur saxelmwifoebriv struqturebs.55
aseve niSandoblivia kanonieri qurdebis cxovrebis we-
sis fsiqologiuri da kriminologiuri daxasiaTeba:
yofili mkvlelebi, mZarcvelebi, narkotikebisadmi
midrekilni pirebi, danaSaulebrivi ideebis generator-
ebi, sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da stabilizaciis dauZ-
inebeli mtrebi, isinic ki, romlebmac fuliT iyides sak-
mod maRali samecniero, akademiuri Tu sxva wodebebi da
a.S.6
4. e.w. qurduli cxovrebis wesi erTgvari xerxia imis
SesaniRbad, rom amgvari cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi
devs angareba. es faqti Segnebulad iniRbeba qurduli
cxovrebis viTomda `kanonebiT,~ radgan SiSvel realo-
baze damyarebuli Cveulebrivze ufro mZafri krimina-
li veravisTvis misabaZi ver iqneba. `kanonieri qurdic~
adamiania. is Seuracxadi ki araa, aramed am mxriv norm-
aluri fsiqikisaa, Tumca am mimarTebiT `normaluri~ pi-
robiTia, radgan ar SeiZleba `normalurad,~ anu, norm-
5
amisa Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT ix. Ю. В. Датов, `Воры в законе~
как субъекты риночной модернизации России (internetidan).
6
amis Sesaxeb ix. Психология преступных групп ( internetidan).

488. 487
iseulad CaiTvalos qurduli cxovrebis wesi. cxadia,
`qurduli kanonebi,~ anu, normebi arsebobs, magram es
normebi aranormaluria da is ar SeiZleba `normad~ anu
qcevis wesad miviCnioT. ar unda Segvacdinos im gare-
moebam, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesebSi erT dros ide-
alur qurdad iTvleboda is, visac sakuTari qoneba ar
hqonda da amdenad igi TiTqos angarebiT ar moqmedebda.
magram, jer erTi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, saarsebo wy-
aros igi danaSaulebrivi gziT Rebulobda; kerZod, da-
naSaulebrivi operaciis Sedegad, xolo am operaciebSi
igi organizatoria da ara amsrulebeli. meorec, arsad
ar unda emuSava, maSasadame, parazituli cxovrebis wess
eweoda. mesame, igi valdebulia Tavisi wvlili Seitanos
e. w. `obSakis~ anu qurdul salaroSi, mis `biujetSi.~ A
qurdebi qmnidnen da qmnian saxelmwifos saxelmwifoSi.
5. `kanonieri qurdis~ iarliyi da masTan dakavSirebuli
ritualebi xom araa dakavSirebuli e.w. `normatiul
faqtebTan~Gg.GnaneiSvili asaxelebs dapirebas da SeTanx-
mebas, xelSekrulebas, romelTac, erTis mxriv, faqtis
Tviseba aqvT, xolo, meores mxriv, _ `normatiulis`
Tviseba, ramdenadac savaldebuloa garkveuli katego-
riis pirebisTvis. xom ar avxsnaT yvelive es normatiuli
faqtebis TeoriiT? marTlac, xsenebuli avtori cdi-
lobs daasabuTos, rom arsebobs iseTi normatiuli faq-
ti, romelic pozitiuri samarTlisagan damoukideblad
moqmedebs da romelic iwvevs azrTa iseT kompleqss,
roca subieqtebi imsWvalebian valdebulisa da ufle-
bamosilis mniSvnelobiT, imis miuxedavad, ewinaaRmde-
geba Tu ara es normatiuli faqti pozitiuri samarTlis
moTxovnas. avtoris mtkicebiT, ar SeiZleba normatiu-
li faqtebi pozitiur samarTalze davamyaroT an mis-
gan gamoviyvanoT. faqtis normatiuloba, _ amtkicebs
avtori, `TviT faqtis Sinagani bunebidan gamomdinare-

489. 488
obs da ara normidan. xelSekruleba, SeTanxmebis Tu
dapirebis aqti, agreTve dafuZnebiTi aqti, pozitiuri
samarTlisgan damoukideblad qmian uflebamosilebisa
da valdebulebis ganwyobilebas. TviT es aqtebi war-
moSoben azrTa iseT wyobas, romelSic me da sxva moce-
muli varT rogorc aqtualuri moqmedi azri ufle-
bamosilebisa da valdebulebisa. xolo raki es asea,
TavisTavad cxadia, rom aRniSnuli aqtebis normatiul
Zalasac Cven pozitiuri samarTlisgan damoukideblad
unda ganvicdideT.~7
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi da misi
principebi warmoadgenen normatiuli faqtis saxeobas,
rodesac saqme exeba, erTis mxriv, garkveul faqtebs,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, `qurduli kanonis~ normebze
SeTanxmebis aqti, xolo, meores mxriv, _ am faqtebis
normatiul Zalas, romlis Tanaxmad, nebismieri kanon-
ieri qurdi valdebulia ara marto TviTon daicvas es
moTxovnebi, aramed Tvalyuri adevnos sxva kanonieri
qurdis mier am moTxovnebis Sesrulebas. darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi ki, valdebulia da uflebamisili moawyos
qurduli sasamarTlo. Ggasagebia, rom qurduli cx-
ovrebis wesi, romelic TiTqos raime gansakuTrebuli
kanonis formaSi gamoixateba, sinamdvileSi sxva arafe-
ria, Tu ara antisamarTlebrivi da iuridiulad sruli-
ad ukanono aqti. `kanonieri qurdis~ cneba mxolod im
faqts aRniSnavs, rom sinamdvileSi saqme exeba antisa-
zogadoebrivi cxovrebis wess, ris gamoc `kanonis~ for-
mas ver miiRebs. Gg. naneiSvili SemTxveviT ar amtkicebs,
rom normatiuli faqti SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes
pozitiur samarTals, magram es normatiuli faqtis ar-
7
g. naneiSvili, samarTlis namdviloba da cda normatiuli
faqtebis dasabuTebisa, `samarTlis filosofiis sakiTxebi,“
Tb., 1992, gv. 132.

490. 489
sebas verafers aklebs. diaxac, qurduli cxovrebis wesi
iuridiulad ukanonoa da amitom `kanonieri qurdi~ iu-
ridiulad SeuZlebelia, magram imis aRsaniSnavad, rom
saqme exeba qurduli cxovrebis wesebis gamo garkveul
SeTanxmebas, Cven iZulebulni varT, am faqtis aRsaniS-
navad es termini `kanonieri qurdi~ gamoviyenoT. magram
amjerad yuradRebas mivaqcevT im garemoebas, rom g. na-
neiSvilis normatiuli faqtebis Teoria eyrdnoba ger-
maneli filosofosis eduard huserlis fenomenolo-
giur meTodologias, romelic garkveulwilad ideal-
isturi elferis matarebelia. am mxriv mokled Sevex-
ebiT eduard huserlis fenomenologiuri meTodis ar-
sis gagebas, rac sainteresodaa gadmocemuli prof. z.
kakabaZis erT-erT naSromSi. kerZod, prof. z. kakabaZis
azriT, Tu tradiciuli filosofia eZebda pirvel miz-
ezebs, rogorc samyaros sawyisebs, fenomenologia aris
axali tipis filosofia, romelic yofierebis mizezebs
ki ar eZebs, aramed `yofierebis mniSvnelobis warmoSo-
bis faqtorebs, ese igi, yofierebis konstituciur faq-
torebs. Ffenomenologia kiTxvas svams imaze, Tu rogor
gansazRvravs Tavis Tavs yofiereba~ da rom `subieqti
Tavisi ontiuri aqtebiT aniWebs samyaros sazrissa da
mniSvnelobas da amis gamo aris samyaros yofierebis ma-
konstruirebeli faqtori.~8
avtori ganmartavs TviT fenomenis cnebas, rac fenom-
enologiis, rogorc specifikuri meTodis, gasaRebia.
kerZod, `fenomenia~ – WeSmaritad sakuTar yofierebaSi
da, korelatulad CemTan damokidebulebaSi Seqmnili
samyaro. Ffenomenoloigia aris gamokvleva, romelic
gagvixsnis cnobierebis namdvil intenciur sicocxlesa
da samyaros am ukanasknelTan mimarTebaSi anu namdvil
8
z. kakabaZe, `eqsistenciuri krizisis~ problema da eduard hu-
serlis trancedenturi fenomonologia, Tbilisi, 1985, gv. 102.

491. 490
intenciur samyaros.~9
Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
`intencia` aris cnobierebis mimarTeba saganze, maSin
gasagebia, Tu ra siZneleebi SeiZleba daudges am meT-
odologias. marTlac, am poziciidan Znelia imis dasab-
uTeba, Tu saidan eZleva subieqts azri, rom yofiereba
amgvarad (da ara sxvanairad) daasazrisos? Mmagram arc
imisi ugulebelyofa ivargebs, rom subieqti amgvari
intenciis gareSe ar arsebobs da amdenad moZRvreba
normatiuli faqtebis Sesaxeb ueWvelad sayuradReboa.
kerZod, `yofierebis mniSvnelobebis~ idea aqtualurad
exmianeba `qurduli cxovrebis wesis` im mniSvnelobebs,
romelTac, rogorc Cans, normatiuli faqtis Teoria
gamoxatavs.
im mizniT, rom normatiuli faqtis cneba `iuridiuli
faqtis` cnebaSi ar agverios, sakiTxi am mxriv dasa-
zustebelia. Fam poziciidan friad sayuradRebod mig-
vaCnia prof. b. savanelis mier g. naneiSvilis poziciis
naTelyofa, roca igi iyenebs xsenebuli avtoris ideebs.
kerZod, igi gasagebad da logikurad alagebs g. naneiSvi-
lis Teorias normatiuli faqtebis Sesaxeb da TviT
am avtoris sityvebiT Aaskvnis, rom `normatiul faqts
aqvs rogorc faqtis, aseve normis Tviseba. aris Tu ara
xelSekruleba marTlzomieri, SeiZleba gairkves an ar
gairkves momavalSi. Mmanamde ki mxareebis urTierTobas
aqvs mTeli istoria, romlis ganmavlobaSic isini dakav-
Sirebuli arian erTmaneTTan rogorc uflebamosili
da valdebuli.~10
aq ar unda dagvabnios `xelSekrulebis~ cnebam, radgan,
xelSekrulebac iseTive normatiuli faqtia, rogorc,
magaliTad, SeTanxmebis an dapirebis aqti. vimeorebT,
9
z. kakabaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 119.
10
b. savaneli, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2009, gv. 234.

492. 491
normatiul faqtebs ormagi Tviseba aqvs: erTis mxriv,
saqme exeba SeTanxmebis, dapirebis Tu sxva msgavs mov-
lenebs, rogorc Ffaqtebs, xolo, meores mxriv, _ am
faqtebis normatiul Zalas, ese igi, maT valdebulobas,
imis miuxedavad, kanonieria Tu ara am faqtebidan gamom-
dinare moqmedebani. Cvens SemTxvevaSi ufro saintereso
Cans SeTanxmebis aqti, radgan, gveCveneba, rom qurduli
cxovrebis wesi `qurdul kanonebze` SeTanxmebis safuZ-
velzea agebuli. rogorc b. savaneli aRniSnavs,` faqtis
normatiuloba obieqturi, pozitiuri samarTlisagan
damoukidebeli, Tvisebaa. ra Tqma unda, samarTals Seu-
Zlia gamoiyenos normatiuli faqti, an Seqmnas xelov-
nuri dabrkoleba im kanonzomierebis gamosavlenad,
rac Cadebulia normatiul faqtSi, magram normatiuli
faqtis bunebas samarTali ver Secvlis.~11
vidre aq ganviTarebuli msjelobis Sefasebaze gadavi-
dodeT, saWirod migvaCnia ufro naTlad warmovaCinoT
normatiuli faqtebisa da iuridiuli faqtebis gan-
masxvavebeli niSnebi. Aam azriT mTavari isaa, rom `iu-
ridiuli faqti, romelsac pozitiuri samarTali ukav-
Sirebs samarTlebrivi urTierTobis warmoSobas, Secv-
las an Sewyvetas, Mmagram amis gamo is normatiulobas ar
iZens.~1212
marTlac, magaliTad, adamianis dabadeba an
sikvdili iuridiuli faqtebia, radgan isini qmnian Sesa-
tyvis samarTlebriv urTierTobebs, magram am faqtebs
normatiuli buneba ar gaaCniaT. amrigad, SeiZleba
vamtkicoT, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi
devs normatiuli faqtis iseTi saxeoba, rogoricaa Se-
Tanxmeba. es SeTanxmeba, erTis mxriv, aris faqti, Tu es
SeTanxmeba marTlac Sedga, xolo, meores mxriv, SeTanx-
mebis am faqts savaldebulo, normatiuli, mniSvneloba
11
b. savaneli, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2009, gv. 234.
12
iqve, gv. 234.

493. 492
aqvs am SeTanxmebis monawileebisTvis. SeTanxmebis aqti-
dan gamomdinare valdebuleba da masTan dakavSirebuli
dapireba unda Sesruldes, imis miuxedavad, aris Tu ara
es SeTanxmeba kanonieri, an iyo Tu ara esa Tu is dapir-
eba pozitiuri samarTlis ganxocielebisken mimarTuli
aqti. ufro metic, swored SeTanxmebis, rogorc nor-
matiuli faqtis, bunebiT SeiZleba aixsnas ara mxolod
`kanonieri qurdis~ fenomeni, aramed sazogadod orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis fenomenic, radgan am movlenaSi
organizebuli danaSaulis wevrebs Soris SeTanxmebas
Ggadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. ufro metic, aq, rogorc
Cans, dgas faqtisa da normis mimarTebis problema,
radgan,is,racaris,arniSnavs,romisagreTveUundaiyos,
rogorc Rirebuleba, da, piriqiT, is, rac unda iyos, ar
niSnavs, rom is ukve aris. sworedac rom piriqiT, is, rac
aris, yvelaferi (magaliTad, danaSauli) arsebobis Rir-
si araa da amitom ar unda iyos, xolo is, rac arsebobis
Rirsia, an ar aris, an sakmarisad araa adamianTa yofi-
erebaSi damkvidrebuli. am poziciidan igulisxmeba ar-
sisa da jerarsis tradiciuli filosofiuri problema,
romelsac aq dawvrilebiT ar SevexebiT. aRvniSnavT mx-
olod imas, rom normatiuli faqtebis problema faqti-
sa da normis dakavSireba ki araa mxolod, aramed, TviT
faqtis normatiuli bunebis CvenebaSi mdgomareobs. Ees
sakiTxi imitom gvaintersebs, rom normatiul faqtebT-
an dapirispireba da brZola gansakuTrebuli movlenaa.
debuleba, rom samarTalma normatiul faqts SeiZleba
Seuqmnas xelovnuri dabrkoleba normatiuli faqtebSi
Cadebuli namdvili sazrisis gamosavlenad, _ metad sa-
yuradeboa. debuleba, rom normatiuloba TviT faqtis
Sinagani bunebaa, xolo normatiuli faqti istoriulad
win uswrebs pozitiur samarTals da amitom pozitiur
samarTals ar SeuZlia faqtebs normatiuli Zala miani-

494. 493
Wos, an normatiuli faqtis bunebaSi raime Secvalos13_
metad damafiqrebelia. ramdenad efeqturia brZola
iseT normatiul faqtebTan, rogoricaa SeTanxmeba
`qurdul kanonebze~? gasagebia, rom saqme Seexeba sax-
elmwifos politikuri nebis problemas, ese igi, imas,
saxelmwifos oficialuri sisxlis samarTlis kanoni
marTlac daupirispirdeba Tu ara `qurduli kanonebis~
safuZvelze Sekrul kriminalebs da samarTlebrivi sa-
SualebiT daamarcxebs Tu ara am movlenas. Tu samarTa-
li upirispirdeba Cveulebriv faqtebs, vTqvaT, Zalado-
bas, rogor daupirispirdeba samarTali normatiul
faqtebs, roca es ukanaskneli pozitiuri samarTlisa-
gan damoukidebelia? cxadia, iseTi normatiuli faqti,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, SeTanxmeba, qurdul kanonebze
SeTanxmebiTac vlindeba, magram am konkretul faqtiT
ar amoiwureba. amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom saxelmwifos
samarTlebrivi brZola qurduli cxovrebis wesTan sak-
maod rTulia, magram qurduli cxovrebis wesis damar-
cxeba normatiuli faqtebis uaryofas an ugulebelyo-
fas ar niSnavs, radgan SeTanxmebis aqti sxva normatiul
faqtSi gamovlindeba.
6. amrigad, Cven vfiqrobT, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi,
miT ufro am ukanasknel xanebSi, sxva araferia, Tu ara am
cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi mdebare angarebis SeniRbvis
gansakuTrebuli xerxi. kerZod, qurdi ar muSaobs, ar qm-
nis, iTvisebs mzamzareuls, magram iTvisebs aTasgvari
binZuri xerxebiT.
7. erTi sityviT, am mimarTebiT `cxovrebis wesis~ soci-
ologiuri da filosofiuri analizi garduvalia.
magaliTad, prof. z. kakabaZe amtkicebs, rom adamiani
13
g. naneiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 141.

495. 494
arsebobis sxvadasxva SesaZleblobisadmi gulgrili ki
araa, aramed irCevs da miznad isaxavs romelime maTgans.
`misi cxovreba yovelTvis garkveuli mizniT warimarTe-
ba, am miznis ganxorcilebis process warmodgens, xolo,
ramdenadac es asea, amdenad adamianis saqcieli ar Sei-
Zleba kauzaluri kanonebiT aixsnas. Tavisi ZiriTadi
miznis ganxorcielebis sxvadasxva stadiaze rom imy-
ofeba, adamiani amis Sesabamisad cvlis xolme garemo-
sadmi damokidebulebas da, maSasadame, erTsa da imave
pirobebSi sxvadasxvagvarad iqceva.~14
cxadia, adamianis saqcieli mxolod kauzaluri
kanonebiT ver aixsneba, magram arc am kanonebisgan mow-
yvetiT arsebobs. meorec, erTsa da imave pirobebSi
erTi da igive piris mimarT sxvadasxvanairi moqmedeba
_ es mxolod abstraqtuli SesaZleblobaa, radgan, pe-
tre rom ase iqceva, pavle moiqceva sxvagvarad, radgan
es ukanaskneli pavlea. Aamas adasturebs qurduli
cxovrebis wesic. kerZod, `kanonieri qurdi~ sxvanai-
rad moiqceva, vidre is, vinc am wesebs ar misdevs. cxa-
dia, `kanonier qurds~ SeeZlo cxovrebis sxva wesi aer-
Cia, imis miuxedavad, rom am tipis kriminali garedan
iZulebis wesiT xSirad yalibdeba. miT ufro, rom `ada-
mianis cxovreba yovelTvis raRac idealis mixedviT
warimarTeba da rom am idealis mixedviT aRiarebs, mniS-
vnelobas aniWebs da epyroba garemomcvel samyaros.~15
arsebobs ki qurduli cxovrebis wesi, rogorc ideali
am ukanasknelis qurduli gagebiT? cxadia, aq sakiTxi
rTuldeba, radgan `kanonieri qurdi,~ rogorc ukve
iTqva, normaluri fsiqikis adamiana da ara Seuracxadi.
Mmeore mxriv, faqtia, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi ara-
14
z. kakabaZe, filosofiuri saubrebi, Tb., 1988, gv. 14.
15
iqve, gv. 28.

496. 495
normaluria, aranormiseulia, ris gamoc is idealad ver
gamodgeba. is idealad Cven gveCveneba, an Cven mivawerT
mas idealis mniSvnelobas, raki ver agvixsnia is mizezebi,
rac yovelive amas ganapirobebs. marTlac, riT aixsneba
is, rom qurdi amdens itandes, Tavis Tavze amdens iReb-
des da es yvelaferi mxolod da mxolod angarebiT? aq
Tavs iCens e. w. prestiJis moTxovnilebac, magram sakiTx-
avi isicaa, Tu raa aq prestiJuli _ TviT qurduli cx-
ovrebis wesi Tu amgvari cxovrebis Sedegebi? miT ufro,
rom `idealis safuZvelSi yofierebis Sesabamisi gageba
Zevs.`1616
magram, samwuxarod, SesaZlebelia, rom adami-
anma Tavis Tavze usiamo WeSmaritebas zurgi aqcios da
Sesatyvis iluziebs miaSuros, ese igi Tavi moityuos,
xolo, es ueWvelad aZnelebs TviTSemecnebas.1717
bolos,
`SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianis saqcieli, misi cxovre-
bis mimarTuleba, gezi, saboloo angariSiT, mis mier ar-
sebobis, yofnis sistemis gagebiT ganisazRvreba.`18
amrigad, yoveli konkretuli adamianis cxovrebis wesi
adamianis yofnis sistemis gagebazea agebuli, Tumca
isic faqtia, rom arsebobs TviTmotyuebis fenomeni,
romelic xels uSlis adamianis mier Tavisi cxovre-
bis wesis marTebul gagebasa da SefasebaSi. `kanonieri
qurdi~ arc Tu ise gaunaTlebelia, rom ver gaigos, Tu
ra usazrisoa misi cxovreba, magram is mainc am gzas ad-
gas, Tumca Tavis pirmSos am gzas, albaT, ar gauyenebs. aq
codnis naklulobaze imdenad araa laparaki, ramdena-
dac mrwamsis uRirsobaze. es termini `mrwamsis uRir-
soba` sakmao siRrmiT da marjved gamoxatavs qurduli
cxovrebis wesis uaryofiT Sefasebas, maSin, roca es
termini bralis cnebis problematikaSia gamoyen ebu-
16
z. kakabaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 31.
17
iqve, gv. 47.
18
iqve, gv. 199.

497. 496
li. magaliTad, i. veselsisa da v. boilkes erTobliv
naSromSi naTqvamia, rom `braleuli gakicxaobis sagans
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi gamovlinebadi, marTl-
wesrigiT dadgenili moTxovnebisadmi damnaSavis ara-
keTilsindisieri ganwyoba warmoadgens.~19
am avtorebis
azriT, `samarTlebrivi sindisisaTvis~ yuris dagdebis
SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivi akrZalva ganxorcieldebo-
da,` ese igi, marTlzomieri qmdeba iqneboda Cadenili.
Aaqedan keTdeba daskvna, rom `brali` niSnavs qmedebis
gasakicxaobas imis gamo, rom mas safuZvlad samarT-
lebrivad gakicxvis Rirsi mrwamsi udevs.~20
amrigad, brali mrwamsis uRirsobaa, xolo mrwamsi daxa-
siaTebulia,rogorcsakuTari,CveulebiTi,religiuri,
an politikuri msoflmxedveloba, romlis safuZvelze
piri Tavs uflebas aZlevs, zogjer ki valdebulad Tv-
lis, Caidinos gansazRvruli qmdeba.21
rogorc Cans, `mrwamsis` cnebaSi sakmaod farTo Sinaar-
sis fenomeni igulisxmeba, ris gamoc igi, garkveuli
azriT, msoflmxedvelobis sinonimad SeiZleba CaiT-
valos. bralic, rogorc Cans, misgan mowyvetili araa,
Tumca sakmaod Znelia konkretuli upasuxismgeblo,
anu, braleuli qmedeba, mrwamsis uRirsobidan pirda-
piri logikuri gziT gamoiyvano. magram amjerad Cven
bralis problemas uSualod ar vexebiT. dagvainteresa
mrwamsis cnebam, romelic, garkveulwilad, msoflmxed-
velobriv problemas ukavSirdeba. Aamaze metyvelebs T.
19
i. veselsi (v. boilke), sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili,
danaSauli da misi agebuleba, Tb., 2010, gv. 221 (germanulidan
Targmna z. arseniSvilma, xolo samecniero redaqcia gaakeTa
samarTlis doqtorma i. dvaliZem).
20
iqve, gv. 221.
21
iqve, gv. 222.

498. 497
buaCiZis debuleba, rom `yoveli adamianuri aqti, aRqma
iqneba es Tu Sefaseba, garkveul xedvaze, _ msoflios
xedvaze, msoflmxedvelobaze – dayrdnobiT sruldeba`
da rom `...garkveuli azriT, adamianad yofna filoso-
fosad yofnas niSnavs.`22
cxadia, es exeba qurdul samya-
rosac. Aaqac aris msoflxedva, imisi gamarTleba, rasac
qurdi akeTebs. cxadia, garkveuli msoflmxedvelobis
gareSe arc qurdi da qurduli samyaroa, magram sul sx-
vaa filosofia, rogorc Teoriuli msoflmxedveloba,
rom filosofia aris epoqis kritika da cxadia, qurdu-
li cxovrebis wesis kritikac, rasac kanononieri qurdi,
rogorc wesi, ar iRebs arc uSvebs. adamiani qmnis Rireb-
ulebaTa samyaros da eziareba mis kanonebs. Aaq ukve dgas
kulturisa da adamianis mimarTebis sakiTxic. ganekuT-
vneba Tu ara qurduli cxovrebis wesebi `kulturis` fe-
nas Tu es aris fsevdo kultura, subkultura? rogorc
akad. a. boWoriSvili aRniSnavda, kultura adamianis
mier Seqmnili dadebiTi Rirebulebis mqone fenomenia,
romelic adamianis aqtiur SemoqmedebiT aqtebSi Cans,
da rom kulturaSi adamianma Tavisi Tavi unda moipo-
vos.23
miT ufro, Tu yvela Rirebulebas Soris, romle-
biTac kultura am sapatio saxels inarCunebs, umaRlesi
zneobrivi Rirebulebaa. irkveva, rom `sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis kulturuloba izomeba, pirvel rigSi, imis
mixedviT, Tu raoden aswia man adamianis zneoba, raoden
gaaumjobesa man Aadamiani, rogorc zneobrivi arseba.~24
gasagebia, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi, romelic ra-
Rac `kanonebisgan~ Sedgeba, kulturis sawinaaRmdego
fenomenia, romelSic adamiani Tavis Tavs ki ar pou-
lobs, aramed, piriqiT, kargavs. Ees `kanonebi~ e. w. `flo-
22
T. buaCiZe, adamainis yofiereba da filosofiis raoba, `fi-
losofiuri anTropologiis sakixebi,“ V11, Tb., 1983, gv. 25.
23
a. biWoriSvili, ra aris kultura, Tb., 1965, gv. 18-19.
24
iqve, gv. 33.

499. 498
bis~ gaxelebuli Jinis gamovlenaa, maSin, roca adamian-
isTvis mTavari yofnis fenomenia. rogorc Tavis droze
marTebulad aRniSnavda prof. o. jioevi, `yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSiadamiansuCndebawarmodgena,racufromets
flobs, miT ufro mtkice xdeba misi yofiereba da amis
Sedegad igi qonebasa da flobas cxovrebis saSualebad
ki ar miiCnevs, aramed mTeli cxovrebis Sinaarsad.~25
ismis kiTxva: Tu pirobiT CamovaSorebT qurduli cx-
ovrebis wess `qonas,~ ese igi, materialur interess,
maSin logikurad rCeba mxolod `yofna,~ xolo, am uka-
nasknelis sferoSi `qurdis~ adgili ar rCeba. Agasagebia,
rom `qurdad yofnas~ aranairi filosofiuri sazrisi
araa aqvs. rogorc irkveva, `adamianis cxovrebis Seswav-
lisas filosofia gamoavlens imasac, rom adamiani ar
sjerdeba ubralod arsebobas, is Tavis saarsebo moTx-
ovnilebaTa dakmayofilebaze ki ar zrunavs mxolod,
aramed afasebs kidec Tavis cxovrebas~...26
cxadia, am TviTSefasebis xasiaTs adamianis cxovreba-
moRvaweobisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram arse-
bobs adamianis Sefaseba garedan, sxva adamianebisa Tu
instanciisgan gamomdinare. am mxriv friad saintersoa
a. bregaZis debuleba imis Taobaze, Tu rogor iqceva
adamiani garegani Sefasebisgan damoukideblad. ker-
Zod, irkveva, rom Dadamianis Sefaseba dadebiTad Tu
uaryofiTad mainc imas niSnavs, rom am SemTxvevaSi ada-
miani garedan iqneba gansazRvruli da misi namdvili
saxe gaugebari darCeba. `adamiani Tavisi namdvili saxiT
maSin gamoCndeba, roca mas arc SiSi eqneba Tavisi moq-
25
o. jioevi, kultura da filosofia, baTumi, 2008, gv. 19.
26
iqve, gv. 20.

500. 499
medebisa da arc jildos moelis vinmesgan (Seqebisa da
gakicxvis iqiTa mxares gadanacvleba). Ees ki maSinaa Sesa-
Zlebeli, roca pirovnebas Zvalsa da rbilSi aqvs gamj-
dari yoveli is kanoni da kategoria, (upirveles yov-
lisa, ufleba, movaleoba, pasuxismgebloba), rac unda
axasiaTebdes mas, rogorc sazogadebriv arsebas. `27
am debulebaSi bevri ram aris iseTi naTqvami, romelic
adamianis arsebas samarTlis sferoSic Seexeba. kerZod,
sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis samarTlebrivi mowes-
rigebaSi waxaliseba, jildo da sxva amgvari dapireba
Cveulebrivi movlenebia. Aam mxriv ucxo arc saxelmwifo
iZulebis muqaraa. amis gamo sakmaod Znelia ipovo samar-
Tlis sferoSi adamiani, romelic wamaxalisebeli Tu
maiZulebeli zegavlenisgan iqneboda Tavisufali da,
maSasadame, ase vTqvaT, wminda gagebis sagnad mogvev-
lineboda. miT ufro rTulia `qurdul kanonebze~
Seficul adamians raime gaugo, radgan, rogorc Cans,
is Tavs arc ekuTvnis. Mmagram zemoTaRniSnul debule-
baSi adamianis arsebis aspeqtSi naxsenebia `pasuxismge-
bloba,~ romelic yvelafers Tavis adgilze ayenebs.
cxadia, igulisxmeba, upirveles yovlisa, pozitiuri,
anu, prospeqtuli pasuxismgebloba, roca adamiani, Ta-
visi arsebidan gamomdinare, mowodebulia, Tavis nor-
matiulad dadgenil movaleobas moekidos pasuxismge-
blurad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas negatiuri pasux-
ismgebloba mouwevs. Mmagram, samwuxarod, `kanonieri
qurdis` cxovrebis wesi sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos
winaSe upasuxismgeblobis naTeli magaliTia, roca igi,
Tavisi mrwamsis uRirsobis gamo, braleulobis ganuw-
yvetel Ggancdas Tavidan ver moiSorebs.
aq ukve aSkaraa, rom `qurduli kanonebi` arsebiTad ewi-
27
a. bregaZe, Sinagani cxovreba da gamosaxuleba, `filosofi-
uri anTropologiis sakiTxebi, V11, Tb., 1983, gv. 78. B

501. 500
naaRmdegebian adamianis, rogorc sazogadoebrivi ar-
sebis, cxovrebis WeSmarit wess, romelic, upirveles
yovlisa, adamianis SemoqmedebiTi Sromis maRaladami-
anuri RirebulebiT gamoixateba.
8. sainteresoa socialuri rolebis Teoria. adamiani
ikavebs garkveul pozicias da amis mixedviT moqmedebs
kidec. esaa socialuri rolis normatiuli gageba.
irkveva, rom adamiani qmnis rols, rogorc Tavisufali
xelovani. amiT ikveTeba rolis Seqmnasa da SesrulebaSi
SemoqmedebiTi sawyisi, misi Sesrulebis individual-
uroba da ganumeorebloba. roli _ esaa molodini, Tu
rogor moiqceva igi mis mier dakavebuli poziciidan ga-
momdinare.28
azri zusti araa: roli SeiZleba subieqtma marTlac Se-
qmnas, mis mier dakavebuli poziciidan gamomdinare, ma-
gram roli obieqturicaa: is damokidebulia imaze, Tu
vin aris isL_ deda, mama, moqalaqe da a.S.
arsebobs socialuri rolebis konfliqti. Aadamians
ukavia iseTi pozicia, romelic mas pirdapir karnaxobs
danaSaulebriv qmedebas. magaliTad, danaSaulebrivi
organzaciis wevroba. Ees exeba qurduli samyaros wev-
robidan gamomdinare moqmedebasac. miT ufro, rom aq
erTmaneTisganaa gansxvavebuli danaSaulebrivi qceva
da danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba.29
9. Mmagram xom araa kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizacia
sisxlis samarTlis sociologiuri skolis gamoxat-
uleba Tanamedrove etapze? marTlac, cnobili faq-
tia, rom sisxlis samarTlis klasikuri skolis Ziri-
28
Криминология, Учебник, М. 2001, стр. 137.
29
iqve, gv. 341.

502. 501
Tadi postulati gaxldaT principi, romlis Tanaxmad,
sisxlis samarTali aris qmedebis samarTali. kerZod,
sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmede-
bis, rogorc adamianis nebis garegani aqtis, gareSe ar
arsebobs danaSauli. araviTari Sexeduleba, rwmena Tu
azrTa raimenairi wyoba Tu mrwamsi, konkretuli qmede-
bis gareSe, sisxlis samarTlis interess ar SeiZleba
warmoadgendes. araviTari, Tundac aSkarad miuRebeli,
amoraluri cxovrebis wesi, raime konkretuli qmedebis
gareSe, danaSaulad ver CaiTvleba. amis gamo rTuldeba
e. w. kanonieri qurdis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxis-
gebaSi micema, ramdenadac igi, bolo xanebSi, garkveul
sifrTxiles iCens da konkretul qmedebas uSulod ar
sCadis, Tumca SeniRbulad is danaSaulebrivi kavSirebs
Tavisive msgavsebTan yovelTvis amyarebs da momaval
danaSaulebriv qmedebas gegmavs kidevac. amitomaa da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia da organizebuli danaSau-
li kavSirSi kanonieri qurdebis saqmianobasTan. ufro
metic, kanonieri qurdi ara marto TviTon cxovrobs mis
mier aRiarebuli qurduli wesebiT, aramed valdebulia
es wesebi Tavs moaxvios sxvebsac, gaswios aqtiuri pro-
paganda Aam mimarTebiT, aqtiurad imuSaos imisTvis, rom
qurduli cxovrebis wesi Tavs moaxvios ara marto axal-
gazrdobas, aramed mozardebsac da isini Caabas danaSau-
lebrivsaqmianobaSi.marTalia,amsaqmes`kanonieriqur-
debis` momsaxure pirebi (e.w. `Sestiorkebi`) uSualod
akeTeben, magram es `kanonier qurds~ araviTar SeRavaTs
araniWebs.ukveaSkaraxdeba,rom`kanonieriqurdi`qur-
duli cxovrebis wesis pasiuri mimdevari ki araa, aramed
aqtiuri moqmedebiT amravlebs Tavisive msgavsebs axal-
gazrdobis wridan, rac, cxadia, uaRresad saSiSia axal-
gazrda Taobis moraluri CamoyalibebisTvis. amitom,
Cveni azriT, kanonieri qurdis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebisTvis arsebiTad sayura-

503. 502
dReboa swored misi ideologiur-gamxrwneli zegavlena
da mis mier danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi axalgazrdobis
Cabmis organizaciuli xerxebi da meTodebi.
10. marTalia, sociologiuri skola ufro Sors midis
da pirovnebis saSiSroebas xedavs imaSi, rom es pirovne-
ba romelime sazogadoebis Tu jgufis wevrobis an raime
principebis gamo man momavalSi SeiZleba Caidinis dana-
Sauli. magram, saqarTveloSi qurduli mentalitetis
gamZleoba da misi saSiSroeba sruliadac ar gamoricx-
avs im daskvnas, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesis aRiareba
da misi sulisikveTebiT yofna niSnavs ara mxolod imas,
rom piri momavalSi danaSaulebriv qmedebas ueWvelad
Caidens, aramed imasac, rom igi sCadis qurduli cxovre-
bis wesTan dakavSirebul qmedebas, magaliTad, muqaras,
awyobs qurdul garCevebs.30
da es TavisTavad aris saSiSi
da xelyofs sazogadoebriv wesrigs, simSvides, adamian-
Ta Rirsebas.
11.cxadia,kanonieriqurdobadaqurdoba,rogorcCveu-
lebrivi danaSauli, eTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba. qur-
dobis, rogorc Cveulebrivi danaSaulis obieqtia sa-
kuTreba (ssk-isAQ177-e muxli). qurduli samyaros wevroba
da kanonieri qurdoba (ssk-is 2231
-e muxli) ki mimarTu-
lia ara sakuTrebis, aramed sazogadoebrivi wesrigis
winaaRmdeg. es gasagebia, radgan quduli samyaros wesi-
sadmi pativiscema da idealad misi warmoCena safrTxes
uqmnis sazogadoebaSi moralurad jansaRi urTierTo-
bebis dakvidrebas da amkvidrebs qurduli cxovrebis
amoralizms, rac gansakuTrebiT saSiSia axalgazrdobis
normaluri suliskveTebiT CamoyalibebisTvis, Tumca
arisazri,romammimarTebiTufromarTebuliiqneboda,
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi garkveuli
30
sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, Tb., 2006, gv. 473.

504. 503
cvlilebis Setana, kerZod, organizebuli saxis kanon-
ieri qurdobis dasjadobis daweseba, magram, vfiqrobT,
amgvari novacia saqarTveloSi ukve aqtualuri araa,
raki am tipis danaSauli dRiTidRe mcirdeba. ruseTSi
ki, piriqiT, izrdeba. mas xels uwyobs ara mxolod to-
taluri korufcia, aramed totalisturi reJimic. aman
xeli Seuwyo qurduli cxovrebis wesis gaumarTlebel
gaidealebas, magram araa azrs moklebuli debuleba,
rom qurdul samyaro ruseTSi arsebuli totalisturi
reJimis winaaRmdeg stiqiuri prostestia. faqti ki isaa,
rom `msgavs movlenas dasavleTis verc erT qveyanaSi ver
SeamCnevT.~31
irkveva, rom `Tanamedrove damnaSaveobis
samyaro sruliad Tavisufalia umciresi romantikuli
danaSrevebisganac ki. igi pragmatuli da sisxluxvia.`32
magram arc imisi daviwyeba SeiZleba, rom qurduli cx-
ovrebis wesSi arsebobs garkveuli prestiJis fenomeni.
garkveviT iyo naTqvami, rom `kanonieri qurdis tituli
prestiJuli xdeba qarTuli sazogadoebis sxvadasxva
fenaSi, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs Soris. axalgaz-
rdebs qurduli romantika itacebs. gansakuTrebiT
mimzidvelia legendebi qurduli simamacis, patiosne-
bis Sesaxeb, misi monawileoba saqmis garCevebis dros
gatacebuli nivTis dabrunebisas.33
sworedac rom leg-
endaa `qurduli patiosneba~ da `samarTlianoba` Tu sxva
magvari yalbi Saravandedi, romliTac saqmis WeSmariti
arsi ifareba!
12. `kanonieri qurdoba` iuridiulad SeuZlebelia, rad-
gan qurdoba, cxadia, kanonieri ver iqneba. kanonmdebels
aq imisi Tqma undoda, rom arsebobs adamiani, romelic
qurduli cxovrebis wesis mimdevaria, rom igi Tavis da-
31
g. podelkixisa da a. tereSinikis dasax. naSromi, gv. 5.
32
iqve, gv. 18.
33
g. lobJanize, g. Rlonti, dasax. naSromi, gv. 69.

505. 504
naSaulebriv saqmianobas am wesis karnaxiT warmarTavs.
Mtermini `qurduli samyaros` wevroba imitom ikrZaleba,
rom igi danaSaulebrivi cxovrebis wess gamoxatavs. cx-
adia, igulisxmeba am danaSaulebrivi wesis aRsrulebis
xerxebi da meTodebi, ese gi, ara mxolod sityvieri aRi-
areba imisa, rom is Tavis Tavs am wris warmomadgenlad
warmoaCens. amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom qurduli sam-
yaros wevrobis sityvier aRiarebas win unda uZRodes am
samyaroswevrisTvisdamaxasiaTebelisaqmianoba.marTa-
lia, sisxlis samarTlis konkretul saqmesTan kavSirSi
SeiZleba gaWirdes imisi mtkiceba, Tu ramdenad aqtiuri
iyo igi qurduli samyaros wevrobisas, magram am faqtis
dadgenis gareSe, mxolod sityvieri aRiareba imisa, rom
vinme qurduli samyaros wevria, sakmarisi araa.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qurduli samyaros wevri,
rogorc es saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
2231
-e muxlidan Cans, `kanonieri qurdi~ araa, radgan
es ukanaskneli xsenebuli muxlis meore nawilSi pasux-
ismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoebis saxiTaa gaTval-
iswinebuli. aqedan gamomdinareobs danaSaulad kvali-
fikaciis ramdenime sakiTxi. pirveli sakiTxi exeba da-
naSaulTa erTobliobis wesiT qmedebis kvalifikacias,
roca qurduli samyaros wevri (roca es wevroba ara mar-
to aRiarebulia, aramed dadgenilia), Caidens konkre-
tul danaSauls, vTqvaT, qurdobas (ssk-is 177-e muxli).
aris Tu ara aq danaSaulTa erTobliobis safuZveli?
literaturaSi zogjer uaryofilia danaSaulTa erTo-
blioba, roca qurduli samyaros wevri Caidens raime
konkretul danaSauls. magram, Cveni azriT, aq dana-
SaulTa erToblioba saeWvo ar unda iyos. marTlac, Tu
qurduli samyaros wevroba aris damoukidebeli dana-
Sauli, maSin am samyaros wevris mier raime konkretuli
danaSaulis Cadena danaSaulTa erTobliobas ueWve-

506. 505
lad qmnis. igive iTqmis `kanonieri qurdis` mier raime
konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxebac, radgan
`kanonieri qurdoba,` xsenebuli muxlis meore nawilis
Tanaxmad, damoukidebeli danaSaulia. Bbolos, dgeba is
sakiTxic, Tu rogor unda gadawydes qmedebis danaSau-
lad kvalifikacia, roca kanonieri qurdi Caidens, mag-
aliTad, qurdobas (ssk-is 177-e muxlis vTqvaT, pirveli
nawiliT)? Ppasuxi erTia: aqac saxezea danaSaulTa er-
Tobloba.34
13. imis miuxedavad, rom `kanonieri qurdis` Tu `qur-
duli samyaros~ cnebebi iuridiuli azrovnebis wess
ukavSirdebian, iuridiul cnebebs ar warmoadgenen. Aaq
analogiisTvis SeiZleba movitanoT termini `damnaSavis
pirovneba,~ romelic arc Tu iSviaTad aris miCneuli
iuridiul cnebad. erT-erT naSromSi savsebiT swo-
radaa naTqvami, rom `damnaSavis pirovneba~ ar warmoad-
gens iseT sruliad gancalkevebulad mdgom movlenas,
romelsac zogadad adamianis pirvnebasTan kavSiri ara
aqvs. damnaSavis pirovneba da zogadad pirovnebis cnebe-
bi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli cnebebia da iseT Tana-
fardobaSi arian erTmaneTTan, rogorc nawili mTelT-
an. am midgomidan gamomdinae, pirovnebis daxasiaTeba
damnaSavis pirovnebis SeswavlisTvis sabazo xdeba.~35
aqedan logikurad gamimdinareobs daskvna, rom ramde-
nadac mTeli gansazRvravs nawils, e.i. pirovneba `dam-
naSaves~ da ara piriqiT, amdenad `damnaSavis pirovneba`
nawilis mier mTelis gansazRvris logikaa, rac, cxadia,
alogizmia. ucnauria, rom `damnaSavis pirovnebas~ mTe-
li naSromi mieZRvna, magram maSi ganviTarebuli msj-
34
sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, Tb., 2006, gv. 475.
35
kriminologia, T. wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005, gv. 97.

507. 506
elobis logikiT mtkicdeba, rom `damnaSavis pirovne-
ba~ iuridiulad SeuZlebelia. mogvyavs teqsti rusul
enaze, ucvlelad:
`adamiani, romelmac Caidina danaSauli – damnaSavea, ma-
gram CavTvaloT igi aseTad Cven SegviZlia mxolod mas
Semdeg, rac mas sasamarTlo scobs braleulad. amisT-
vis ki, is micemuli unda iqnes sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxisgebaSi da gadaeces sasamarTlos. piri, romelic
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT micemulia sisxlissamar-
Tlebriv pasuxisgebaSi, aRiarebulia braldebulad.
braldebuli, romelic gadaeca sasamarTlos, samar-
TalSi micemulad iwodeba, xolo samarTalSi micemuli
romlis mimarT gamotanilia gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni,
msjavrdebulia.~36
gasagebia, rom am msjelobiT termini `damnaSave~ cxad-
deba araiuridiul cnebad, ramdenadac igi piris samar-
Tlebriv mdgomareobas ar gamoxatavs. amiT Cven imisi
Tqna gvinda, rom `kanonieri qurdi~ aris araiurid-
iuli, sociologiuri cneba, romelic dakavSirebulia
profesiul da organizebul danaSaulTan. kidev ufro
aSkaraa, rom `qurduli samyaro~ aris sociologiuri
cneba, radgan, am mimarTebiT saqme Seexeba samarTle-
brivi urTierTobis farglebs gareT arsebul social-
ur wesebs da maT safuZvelze agebul faqtobriv urTi-
erTobebs, romelTac samarTali upirispirdeba. amde-
nad, `kanonieri qurdebis` mimarT Tamamad SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom maTi cxovrebis wesi msoflmxedvelobrivi
cdomilebis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens. kerZod, qur-
duli cxovrebis wesi `cxovrebis wesis~ filosofiuri
kategoriis safuZvelze unda Sefasdes. ukve iTqva, rom
qurduli cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi devs angareba,
rogorc nebismieri `kanonieri qurdis` saqmianobis
fsiqikuri sazrisi, xolo filosofiurad es `sazrisi`
36
Личность преступника, М. 1971, стр. 17.

508. 507
usazrisoa, radgan igi adamianis arssa da daniSnulebas
ewinaaRmdegeba. marTalia, `kanonieri qurdi~ moqmedebs
ganzrax, magram saqme swored isaa, rom ganzraxi danaSau-
li, romelic fsiqologiurad Segnebulia da am azriT,
rogorc wesi, uSecdomoa, filosofiurad, piriqiT,
Rrmaa Secdomaa, ese igi msoflmxedvelobriv cdomile-
bas warmoadens. amisi dasabuTeba aris danaSaulebrivi
cxovrebis wesis filosofiuri kritika. Tavs uflebas
mivcemT am sakiTxebze Cveni erTi filosofiuri naSro-
mis daskvniTi nawili moviSvelioT, radgan masSi dasab-
uTebulia, rom swored ganzraxi danaSauli, romelic
fsiqologiurad, rogorc wesi, uSecdomoa, Rrma mso-
flmxedvelobriv cdomilebad unda Sefasdes. am pozi-
ciidan SevafaseT maSin qurduli cxovrebis wesic da
gavakritikeT igi. Cven maSin vwerdiT: `debuleba, rom
ganzraxi danaSauli adamianis Rrma msoflmxedvelo-
briv cdomilebaa, ar unda iyos mxolod Teoria, ese igi,
sisxlis samarTlis filosofiis kuTvnileba, aramed
adamianTa praqtikul cxovrebazec unda gavrceldes.
Ees saWiroa imisTvis, rom adamianebi ufro TviTkriti-
kulad da maRali pasuxismgeblobiT moekidon TavianT
praqtikul cxovrebas, Tavi daaRwion raime motiviT da-
naSaulis Cadenis cdunebas. rogorc prof. n. kvaracxe-
lia ambobs, miuxedavad Cveni epoqis antifilosofiuro-
bisa, filosofia kvlav rCeba epoqis fxizel gonebad da
mousyidvel sindisad37
. filosofias epoqis kritikasac
uwodeben da ra gasakviria, Tu igi danaSaulis ganzrax
Camdeni piris msoflmxedvelobrivi gamaTraxebis saqme-
sac moemsaxuros. miT umetes, rom saqarTveloSi jer
kidev cocxlobs e. w. qurduli mentaliteti, romlis sa-
marcxvino boZze gasakravad mxolod oficialuri sax-
37
n. kvaracxelia, adamiani da msoflmxedveloba, Tb., 2001, gv. 57

509. 508
elmwifo xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva sakmarisi ar aris.
saWiroa mTeli sazogadoebis SemarTeba, Tumca umizezo
araferia da amitom xelisufleba am qurduli mental-
itetis gamZleobis mizezebsac unda Caufiqrdes. e.w.
qurduli samyaros moSlisTvis saqarTveloSi gadadg-
mul nabijebs zogjer adamianis uflebisTvis safrTx-
is Seqmnadac ki aRiqvamen, magram sakiTxavia: arsebobs
ki qurduli cnobierebis tarebisa da qurdad yofnis
ufleba? Aam da sxva amgvar problemebs Semdgomi msj-
eloba sWirdebaT.`38
amrigad, qurduli cxovrebis wesi `cxovrebis wesis~
filosofiuri kategoriis safuZvelze unda Sefades,
rogorc Rrma msoflmxedvelobrivi cdomileba. `kanon-
ieri qurdi` iuridiulad SeuZlebelia, radgan qur-
duli cxovrebis wesi, romelic am terminiT gamoix-
teba, aris sociologiuri fenomeni, romelic, rogorc
vnaxeT, normatiuli faqtis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos nebas, rom ebrZolos saqarT-
veloSi jer kidev SemorCenil qurdul mentalitets da
qurduli cxovrebis wess, ueWvelad sWirdeba mxardaW-
era, magram, cxadia, saTanado normatiuli bazis sa-
fuZvelze. qurduli cnobierebis tarebisa da qurdad
yofnis ufleba, cxadia, ar arsebobs, magram arc imisi
ufleba arsebobs, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolis sababiT ukanono xerxebi da meTodebi
gamoviyenoT. amgvari ukanonoba qurduli cxovrebis
wesis kidev ufo met gantkicebas gamoiwvevs da amdenad
dasmuli problema kidev ufro Rrma gansjas moiTxovs.
38
g. naWyebia, ganzraxi danaSauli, rogorc msoflmxedvelo-
brivi cdomileba, `filosofiuri Ziebani,~ t. X1, Tb., 2007, gv.
141-142.

510. 509
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
§2. e.w. kanonieri qurdobis kriminologiuri analizi
da mokle istoriuli eskursi
saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde ar icnobda problemas
romelsac dRes kanonmdebelma e.w. `qurduli samyaro~
uwoda. TviTon movlenas gaaCnia Rrma istoriuli fes-
vebi, ukve XVII saukunidan yalibdeba dauwereli qce-
vis normebi da kriminaluri Jargoni. unda aRiniSnos
agreTve, rom rusul istoriul sinmdvileSi termini
`вор~ ar aRniSnavda dRevandeli mosazrebiT `qurds~,
romelic nivTs iparavs. aRniSnul termins imTaviTve
gansakuTrebuli datvirTva hqonda da ar Semoifargle-
boda mxolod mparavis aRsaniSnavad. pirs, romelic ip-
aravda sxva terminiT, (татя) moixseniebdnen.39
termini
`kanonieri qurdi~ warmoiSva rusuli kalkidan `вор в
законе~. aRniSnuli terminis warmoSobis Sesaxeb lit-
eraturaSi ramodenime mosazreba arsebobs, pirvelis
mixedviT aRniSnuli terminiT maSindeli sabWoTa mili-
cia moixseniebda danaSaulebriv samyaroSi gamorCeul
liderebs,40
meore versiiT termini warmoiSva TviTon
danaSaulebriv wreebSi dauwereli qurduli kanonis
SemuSavebisa da damtkicebis Semdeg. aRniSnuli kanonis
ganuxrelad Semsruleblebi TavianT Tavs `kanonier
qurdebs~ uwodebdnen.41
39
ix. Я. Костюковский. История российской организованной преступ-
ности. http://www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online/12.html
40
ix. iqve.
41
ix. g. Rlonti, g. lobJaniZe, kanonieri qurdebi saqarT-
veloSi: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004, 44-45 gv.

511. 510
ar arsebobs monacemebi aRniSnuli movlenis warmoSobis
zusti periodis Sesaxeb. rogorc wesi `kanonieri qur-
debis~ warmoSobas ukavSireben sabWoTa kavSirSi Sroma-
gasworebiTi banakebis mTavari sammarTvelos (ГУЛАГ)
Seqmnas 1930 wels.42
Sroma-gasworebiT banakebSi, SromiT
dasaxlebebsa da sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi,
adamianTa uzarmazari masebis gamo warmoiSva TviTor-
ganizaciisa da marTvis problemebi. Sroma-gasworebiTi
banakebis idea i. stalins 1927 wels TurqeTidan gamo-
sulma ebraelma saqmosanma naftali aronis Ze frenkel-
ma SesTavaza.43
aRniSnuli banakebis meSveobiT SesaZle-
beli iyo patimrebis, rogorc iafi muSaxelis gamoyene-
ba, rasac im droisTvis, susti ekonomikis mqone sabWoTa
saxelmwifosTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda.44
`saxelmwifo represiul manqanasa da `kanonieri qur-
debis~ struqturas Soris pragmatuli simbiozi damyar-
da, rac saSualebas iZleoda, erTi mxriv, maqsimalurad
gazrdiliyo `gulagSi~ msjavrdebulTa ZiriTadi masis
eqspluataciis efeqturoba, xolo meore mxriv, krimina-
lebi gansazRvruli tradiciebisa da wesebis CarCoebSi
yolodaT, rac bunebrivad SezRudavda maTs Zalaufle-
basa da raodenobas. saxelmwifosa da qurdebs Soris es
damokidebuleba ar atarebda TanamSromlobis xasiaTs
da SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc iZulebiTi Tanaarse-
boba. xelisufleba, rodesac aucilebeli iyo, Tvals
xuWavda banakebSi qurdebis privilegirebulobaze,
radgan isini sxva patimrebs aiZulebdnen ukeT emuSavaT
gegmis Sesasruleblad.45
~
42
termini rusul enaze ganimarteba rogorc: Главное управле-
ние исправительно-трудовых лагерей, трудовых поселений и мест за-
ключения - ГУЛАГ
43
ix. Уголовная империя. Воры в загоне. http://www.aferizm.ru/criminal/
crime_kingdom.htm
44
ix. ГУЛАГ http://www.memo.ru/history/nkvd/gulag/index.htm
45
ix. g. Rlonti, g. lobJaniZe, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTvelo-

512. 511
`kanonieri qurdebis mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom isini organizebuli danaSaulobis mxolod Semad-
genel nawils ki ar warmoadgenen, aramed isini organi-
zebuli danaSaulobis winamZRolebi da ideuri sulis-
Camdgmelebi arian~46
kriminaluri organizacia arnaxuli siswrafiT vi-
Tardeboda da ukve 40-50-ian wlebSi e.w. `kanonieri
qurdebis~ raodenobam aTass gadaaWarba, Tu gaviTval-
iswinebT maT garemocvasac e.w. `blatianebs~ (блатные),
saubaria daaxloebiT 40-50 aTass adamianze.47
sabWoTa
xelisuflebas danaSaulebrivi samyaros `elitis~
esoden swrafi zrda safrTxisSemcvelad moeCvena,
Tanac e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~ sakuTari interesebis
Sesabamisad gamoyenebis pragmatuli elementi aRar ar-
sebobda, radganac aRniSnul periodSi msjavrdebulTa
Sroma ararentabelurobiT xasiaTdeboda. sabWoTa xe-
lisuflebam gadawyvita Seesustebina e.w. `kanonieri
qurdebis~ rigebi. sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebeb-
is administracia cdilobda cixis kriminalur elitaSi
gadamwyveti sityva misTvis sasurvel qurdebs eTqva, am-
itom daiwyo administraciisa da qurdebis erTi nawilis
e.w. TanamSromloba.48
qurdebis im nawils, romelic
administraciasTan TanamSromlobda, `kanonieri qur-
debis~ winaaRmdeg `poloneli qurdebi~ (Польские воры)
uwodes, anu qurdebi, romlebmac cxovrebis swor wess
gadauxvies.49
`poloneli qurdebis~ garda meore
Si: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004, gv. 112-113
46
ix. Криминология. Учебник для вузов. Под общ. ред. д.ю.н. проф.
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 694.
47
ix. http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_v_e.htm#Вор,%20вор%20в%20законе
48
ix. http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_p_r.htm
49
poloneli qurdebis cneba warmoiSva im periodidan, rode-
sac poloneTi Sedioda ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi.
kriminaluri miTologia qurduli Rirebulebebis gaufa-

513. 512
msoflio omis Semdeg sasjelaRsrulebiT daweseb-
ulebeSi gamoCndnen e.w. `meavtomateebi~ (автоматчики). es
ukanasknelnimsjavrdebulTaiskategoriaa,romlebsac
sabWoTa xelisufleba samamulo omSi brZolis safasur-
ad sasjelisgan gaTavisuflebas dahpirda, magram omis
damTavrebis Semdeg isev sasjelaRsrulebiT daweseb-
ulebebSi Seabruna. qurduli kanonis gadaxvevisTvis,
(qurduli kanonis mixedviT xelisuflebasTan TanamS-
romloba akrZalulia) `meavtomateebs~ `kanonieri qur-
debi~ daupirispirdnen.50
1940-iani wlebis bolodan, kriminalebs Soris daiwyo
brZola gavlenis mosapoveblad da saerTo qurduli
salaros (Общак)51
xelSi Casagdebad. aRniSnuli da-
surebas poloneli qurdebis saqmianobas ukavSirebs. polo-
nel qurdebSi moiazreben sam kategorias: 1. qurdebi, rom-
lebmac cxovrebis `swor~ wess gadauxvies; 2. profesionali
qurdebi, romlebic ar erTiandebodnen aranair dajgufebeb-
Si. 3. `gaZuknebuli qurdebi~ e.i. qurdebi, romlebic adminis-
traciasTan TanamSromlobaze wavidnen da misi xelSewyobiT
`kanonier qurdebs~ ebrZvian.
50
ix. Я. Костюковский. История российской организованной преступ-
ности. http://www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online/12.html
51
saerTo qurduli salaro (Общак) warmoadgens kriminal-
uri saxsrebis Tavisebur banks, romlis daniSnuleba Tavda-
pirvelad iyo qurduli Sekrebebis mowyobis dafinanseba;
patimrobaSi, an mimalvaSi myofi kriminalebis ojaxebisT-
vis finansuri daxmarebis gaweva; Tanamdebobis (ZiriTadad
samarTaldamcavi) pirebis mosyidva; kriminaluri liderebis
Senaxva Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi; qmeduunaro dam-
saxurebuli kriminalebis finansuri daxmareba da a.S. (am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT dawvrilebiT ixileT Костоев И. М.,
Викторов В. Е. Россия: преступный мир. OCR Палек, 1998 г.)
arsebobs monacemebi, rom saerTo qurduli salaros Tanxebi
dRes legalur ekonomikaSi ideba, kerZod sastumroebSi, sa-
TamaSo biznesSi, sabanko sistemis ganviTarebaSi da a.S. anu
kriminaluri organizacia finansuri aqtivebis legalizaciis

514. 513
pirispireba cnobilia rogorc `Zuknebisa da qurdebis
omi~52
, igive `Zuknebis omi~ (сучья война).53
aRniSnul brZolas sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvelanairad
aqezebda da xels uwyobda. `Zuknebis omis~ Sedegad 1960-
iani wlebis dasawyisSi kriminaluri elitis didi nawili
ganadgurda. `Zuknebis omi~, tradiciebze myarad mdgomi
kanonieri qurdebis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. sabWoTa
xelisufleba miRweuli SedegiT ar dakmayofilda da
gadarCenili qurdebis gasanadgureblad saintereso
xerxs mimarTa. 1956 wels sabWoTa kavSiris Sss-m Ca-
moayaliba e.w. eqsperimentuli banaki (salikamskis #6
kolonia)54
, sadac Tavi mouyares yvela `kanonier qurds~
erTad. mcire xnis Semdeg Zalauflebis moyvarulma
`kanonierma qurdebma~ gavlenis mosapoveblad daiwyes
erTmaneTis `Wama~. sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis
administracia yvelanairad aqezebda da aRvivebda kon-
fliqts. `Zuknebis omis~ Semdeg cocxlad gadarCenilma
e.w. `kanonierma qurdebma~ erTmaneTi gaanadgures. sax-
elmwifo manqana SeCerda 1950-iani wlebis bolos, rode-
sac 1930-iani wlebis monacemebTan SedarebiT `kanon-
ieri qurdebis~ sami procenti darCa cocxali.55
1960-
iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabWoTa kavSiris Sss-s xelmZ-
Rvanelobam ganacxada, rom `sabolood ganadgurda
danaSaulebrivi organizacia da qurduli wes-Cveule-
bebi.~ realurad aRniSnulma wes-Cveulebebma oci wlis
gzas adgas. Y
52
«Сучья» война, http://shalamov.ru/library/6/6.html
53
termini `Zukna~-Si (Сука) moiazreba: 1. qurdi, romelmac dar-
Rvia qurduli kanoni. 2. gatexili qurdi, an blatiani, romel-
ic sasjelaRsrulebiT administraciasTan TanamSromlobaze
wavida. dawvrilebiT ix:L http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_s_kon.htm
54
aRniSnul kolonias araoficialurad `TeTr gedsac~ uwo-
debdnen, moqmedebda 1980-ian wlebamde.
55
ix. http://www.aferizm.ru/criminal/crime_kingdom.htm

515. 514
ganmavlobaSi iatakqveSeTSi gadainacvles. qurduli
organizacia sakuTari rigebis ganaxlebas cdilobda.
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi gadarCenilma
avtoritetebma daiwyes Tavis garSemo axali saxeebis
(Фраер)56
Semokreba, im xalxis romlebmad `Zuknebis
omis~ dros `kanonieri qurdebis~ mxare daiWira da amiT
ndoba moipova.57
1980-iani wlebis dasawyisidan sabWoTa totalitaruli
kontrolis Sesustebas qurduli organizaciis gamo-
cocxleba mohyva. aucilebelia aRiniSnos is mizez-
faqtorebi, romlebmac ganapirobes sabWoTa kavSiris
rRvevis periodSi organizebuli danaSaulobis axali
mZlavri talRis Camoyalibeba. sayofacxovrebo sag-
nebze mwvave deficitis, moTxovnilebebis zrdis, geg-
miuri ekonomikis da sxva garemoebebis gamo, Tanda-
TanobiT didi gasaqani hpova Crdilovanma, anu parale-
lurma ekonomikam, romelic 1980-iani wlebis bolos
materialuri warmoebis 80% Seadgenda.58
daiwyo iat-
akqveSa saamqroebis e.w. `cexebis~ periodi. saxalxo war-
moebaSi gaxSirda miTviseba-gaflangvis faqtebi, imata
ekonomikuri danaSaulebisTvis gasamarTlebul pirTa
raodenobam. paralelurad imata Tanamdebobrivi dana-
Saulobis donemac, radganac saxelmwifo da partiuli
nomenklaturis warmomadgenlebi pirdapir Tu iribad
kavSirSi aRmoCndnen Crdilovan SemosavlebTan. 80-
iani wlebis bolodan yalibdeba mWidro kavSirebi Cr-
dilovani ekonomikis warmomadgenlebs, korumpirebul
56
terminiT `fraeri~-T (Фраер) moixsenieben pirs romelsac qur-
dul samyarosTan kavSiri ar hqonia. igive datvirTva aqvs termin
`лох~-s. dawvrilebiT ix:L http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_s_kon.htm
57
ix. Кучинский А. Тюремная энциклопедия, Послевоенные годы.
http://www.drink.dax.ru/turma/turem_45.shtml
58
ix. Криминология. Учебник для вузов. Под общ. ред. д.ю.н. проф.
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 236.

516. 515
saxelmwifo Cinovnikebsa da e.w. `kanonier qurdebs~
Soris. 1970-iani wlebis bolos Catarda e.w. `kanon-
ieri qurdebis~ sakavSiro Sekreba (Сходняк)59
, romelSic
monawileoba miiRes Crdilovani ekonomikis warmomad-
genlebma. aRniSnul Sekrebaze daido SeTanxmeba, rom
danaSaulebrivi samyaros mxridan usafrTxoebis ga-
rantiebis sanacvlod, iatakqveSa mewarmeebs (цеховики),
saerTo qurdul salaroSi (общак) unda SeetanaT moge-
bis 10%, sanacvlod qurduli organizacia pasuxismge-
blobas iRebda danaSaulebrivi samyaros mxridan maT
usafrTxoebaze.60
amgvarad, 1970-iani wlebis bolos da
1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, organizebuli danaSaulo-
ba garkveulwilad akontrolebda Crdilovan ekonomi-
kas. tradiciad iqca `qurdebis wilis gadaxda~. sab-
WoTa kavSiris daSlisa sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi,
guSindeli ekonomikuri damnaSaveebi warmatebul bi-
znesmenebad iqcnen, Crdilovani ekonomika legalize-
buli iqna, magram sabazro ekonomika CanasaxSive ganic-
dida organizebuli danaSaulobis gavlenas. guSindeli
`cexoviki~ da dRevandeli `mewarme~, xSir SemTxvevebSi
erTi da igive pirovneba iyo, romelic Tavisi saqmiano-
bis dasawyisidanve `Ralas~ uxdida `kanonier qurdebs~.
1980-iani wlebis bolodan fiqsirdeba `politikosebis
kriminalizacia da kriminalebis politizacia~. bevri
politikosi mixvda, rom igi SeiZleba aRmoCeniliyo
cariel-tarieli, sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, ami-
tom daiwyes brZola `swrafi da didi fulisTvis~, rac
59
Сходняк, Sekreba, aris `kanonieri qurdebis~ saTaTbiro
organo,sadaciRebenyvelamniSvnelovangadawyvetile-
bas, dawyebuli `qurdad kurTxevidan~, damTavrebuli
konfliqtebis gadawyvetiT da qurduli tradicie-
bis damrRvevebis gasamarTlebiT. ix:. ww.prison.org/nravy/
dictionary/s.htm
60
ix. Костюковский. Я. История российской организованной преступ-
ности. www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online/12.html

517. 516
umravles SemTxvevaSi kriminalur xasiaTs Rebulobda.61
organizebuli danaSauloba ki Tavis mxriv cdilobda
SeeRwia xelisuflebaSi. aRniSnul periodSi didi cv-
lilebebi ganicada e.w. `qurdulma kanonmac~, axali
Taobis kriminalebi cdilobdnen moergoT igi Taviaan-
Ti interesebisTvis. `qurduli kanoni~ Tavdapirveli
saxiT krZalavda politikaSi monawileobas da saxelm-
wifo samsaxurSi yofnas, Tumca mogvianebiT aRniSnuli
akrZalva Serbilda. saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan kav-
Siri dasaSvebad iqna miCneuli qurduli organizaciis
usafrTxoebis garantiebis uzrunvelyofis, finansuri
mogebis miRebis da Zalauflebis mopovebis interesi-
dan gamomdinare. zogierTi monacemebiT `1999 wels ru-
seTis saxelmwifo `dumaSi~ arCeuli 450 deputatidan
93 samarTaldamcavi organoebis da specsamsaxurebis
operatiul damuSavebaSi imyofeboda.~62
arsebobs sxva
monacemebic, romelTa mixedviTac ruseTis saxelmwifo
dumaSi 2001 wlisTvis sami `kanonieri qurdi~ da Svidi
`avtoriteti~ imyofeboda.63
kriminalebis politiza-
ciis magaliTebi bevria rogorc ruseTis federaciaSi
iseve postsabWoeTis sxva respublikebSi. kriminaluri
avtoritetebi saqarTvelos uaxlesi politikuri isto-
riisTvisac ar warmoadgenda ucxo Temas. 90-ian wlebSi
saqarTvelo kriminaluri avtoritetebis did zegavle-
nas ganicdida. qveynis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela mimar-
TulebaSi kriminaluri organizaciis didi gavlena
igrZnoboda.
61
ix. Криминология. Учебник для вузов. Под общ. ред. д.ю.н. проф.
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 245.
62
ix. Брсоян В. А. Крюков. А. А. Уголовно-правовые меры борьбы с ор-
ганизованной преступностью. Сибирский Юридический Вестник. 2004.
№3. http://web1.law.edu.ru/magazine/sibvestnik/article.asp?magNum=3&m
agYear=2004&articleID=1183199
63
ix. Воры в законе” пишут законы? “Новая газета”, 17.09.2001,
http://2001.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2001/67n/n67n-s35.shtml

518. 517
kriminologebis TqmiT, rTulia imis gansazRvra moigo
Tu ara rame saxelmwifom 1960-ian wlebSi e.w. `kanon-
ieri qurdebis~ ganadgurebiT, radganac Zveli Taobis
qurdebi TavianT SexedulebebSi gacilebiT konserva-
tiulebi iyvnen, itandnen saxelmwifo mxridan zewolas.
(myarni iyvnen Rirebulebebis, tradiciebis sakiTxSi.
iqceodnen `qurduli kanonis~ Sesabamisad da ar axdend-
nen aRniSnuli normebis interpretirebas saWiroebis
mixedviT. aqedan gamomdinare, maTze saxelmwifo kon-
trolis ganxorcieleba gacilebiT martivi iyo. SeniS.
Cvenia _ g.g.) kriminaluri avtoritetebis axali Taoba
ufro metad aqcents akeTebs Zaladobaze, xSirad ar-
Rvevs qurdul kanons64
da a.S.
organizebuli danaSauloba sabWoTa periodSi ar Semoi-
fargleboda konkretuli mokavSire respublikis saz-
RvrebiT. igi erTian sakavSiro xasiaTs atarebda. orga-
nizebuli danaSaulobis erTiani sakavSiro `institu-
tis~ Seqmnas, Cveni azriT, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, xeli
Seuwyo sabWoTa penitencialurma sistemamac, radganac
erTi mokavSire respublikis moqalaqe sasjels ixdida
meore mokavSire respubilikis sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebaSi da piriqiT. sabWoTa penitenciluri
sistemis aRniSnuli Tvisebis gamo, sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebebSi mWidro kavSirebi yalibdeboda sxva-
dasxva mokavSire respublikebis kriminalebs Soris. e.w.
`kanonieri qurdebis~ kriminaluri organizaciac er-
Tian sakavSiro xasiaTs atarebda. tardeboda erTiani
sakavSiro Sekrebebi, sadac kriminalebi gavlenis sf-
eroebs inawilebdnen, wyvetdnen gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovan davebs, ganixilavdnen samomavlo moqmedebis
gegmebs, atarebdnen e.w. `kanonier qurdebad~ kurTx-
evis ceremoniebs. sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdgom,
64
ix. Костюковский. Я., dasax. naSromi.

519. 518
amgvarma Sekrebebma ufro sistematuri xasiaTi miiRo.
`1989-92 wlebSi 26 Sekreba Catarda, 1993 wels daaxloe-
biT 100, 1994 wels _ aranakleb 413. maT muSaobaSi daax-
loebiT 6 656 kaci monawileobda, maT ricxvSi, daaxloe-
biT 1 210 avtoriteti, maT Soris 223 `kanonieri qurdi~
iyo. es garemoeba danaSaulebrivi samyaros konsolida-
ciaze miuTiTebs.~65
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, postsabWouri sivrcis
organizebulidanaSaulobiserTianobakvlavSenarCun-
da. amis dasturia agreTve, erTi saxelmwifos moqalaqe-
obis mqone kriminaluri avtoritetebis e.w. `moRvaweo-
ba~ meore saxelmwifoSi. kriminaluri kavSirebi sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ar darRveula. piriqiT, aRniS-
nuli kavSirebi gaRrmavda da axal politikur-ekonomi-
kur viTarebas moergo. 1990-ian wlebSi organizebulma
danaSaulobam postsabWouri saxelmwifoebis xelisu-
flebis yvela StoSi SeaRwia. igi akontrolebda post-
sabWouri sivrcis ekonomikis did nawils, safrTxis qveS
daayena TviTon saxelmwifoebriobis idea da cdilobda
sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdeg, axlad warmoqmnil
erovnul saxelmwifoebze kontroli moepovebina.
65
ix. Rlonti g, lobJaniZe g., kanonieri qurdebi saqarTvelo-
Si: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004. gv. 131.

520. 519
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
§ 3. kriminaluri subkultura da Tanamedrove
qarTuli sazogadoeba
kriminalur subkulturaSi66
moiazreba `krimi-
nalur organizaciebSi gawevrianebuli damnaSaveebis
cxovrebis wesi, qcevis normebi, wes-Cveulebebi. aso-
cialuri jgufebi xasiaTdebian degradirebuli moral-
uri normebiT, sisastikiT, iseTi adamianuri Tvisebebis
dakargviT rogoricaa sibraluli, TanagrZnobada a.S.~67
xSirad, yvelaferi uaryofiTi iniRbeba cru samar-
TlianobiT, megobrebisadmi erTgulebiT. kriminal-
uri jgufebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia jgufSi dadge-
nili wesebis ganuxreli Sesruleba, jgufis wevri, ro-
melic gadauxvevs tradiciul normebs isjeba mkacrad,
zogjer sastikad.68
sabWoTa periodis bolos da misi daSlis Semdgom
pirvel wlebSi, cenzuris ar arsebobis da mcdarad
gagebuli Tavisuflebis pirobebSi, kriminalurma sub-
kulturam didi gasaqani hpova qarTul sazogadoebaSi.
yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Cveulebad iqca kriminaluri
Jargoni, `qurduli~ Rirebulebebi. `SeiniSneba da-
naSaulebrivi ideologiis farTo da mizanmimarTuli
66
subkultura aris sazogadoebrivi kulturis avtonomiuri,
Semadgeneli nawili. igi SeiZleba zogierT SemTxvevaSi gansx-
vavdebodes an ewinaaRmdegebodes kulturis zogad normebs.
subkulturaSi SeiZleba moiazrebodes qcevis gansxvavebuli
normebi, ena, aRmsarebloba, rwmena, Cacmuloba da a.S.
67
ix. Александров Ю.К. Очерки криминальной субкультуры. М.: Права
человека, 2002. c. 3
68
ix. Александров Ю.К. iqve.

521. 520
danergva sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi.~69
qurduli or-
ganizacia mondomebiT cdilobs Seitanos sazogadoe-
baSi Tavisi wes-Cveulebebi, Jargoni, agitacia-propa-
ganda gauwios e.w. `qurdul kanons~. kvazisamarTliano-
biT wyvets moqalaqeebs Soris davebs da a.S. qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis pirvel etapze samarTaldamcav
organoebSi gamefebulma korufciam, sakanonmdeblo
bazis sisustem, saxelmwifos uunarobam daereguli-
rebina sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sfero, krimi-
naluri subkulturis didi gavrceleba gamoiwvia, gan-
sakuTrebiT axalgazrdobaSi. qarTul sazogadoebaSi
TandaTanobiT iSleboda zRvari marTlzomiersa da da-
naSaulebrivs, zneobrivsa da amoralurs, dasaSvebsa da
dauSvebels Soris.
saqarTveloSi e.w. `qurduli subkulturis~ farTo
gavrcelebaze metyvelebs TviTon qarTuli warmoSo-
bis `kanonieri qurdebis~ procentuli simravle sab-
WoTa kavSiris farglebSi, rogorc aRniSnuli saxelm-
wifos arsebobis dros, agreTve misi rRvevis Semdegac.
zogierTi monacemebiT 1995 wlisTvis yofili sabWoTa
kavSiris teritoriaze kanonieri qurdebis 33% Sead-
gendnen rusebi, 31%-qarTvelebi, 8%-s somxebi, 5%-
azerbaijanelebi da 22%-sxva danarCenebi.70
Tu gaviT-
valiswinebT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ricxobriv sim-
cires, postsabWoeTis `kanonieri qurdebis~ 31% mar-
Tlac uzarmazari maCvenebelia.
danaSaulebrivi subkultura cdilobda, gamoenaxa
dasayrdeni qarTul xasiaTSi da kvazisamarTlianobas
amofarebuls daepyro igi. samarTlianobis problema
69
ix. Криминология. Учебник для вузов. Под общ. ред. д.ю.н. проф.
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 245.
70
ix. Костюковский Я. История российской организованной преступ-
ности. http://www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online/12.html

522. 521
qarTuli azrovnebisTvis metad aqtualuria. istoriu-
li qartexilebis dros saqarTvelos marTavdnen ucxo
dampyroblebi da isini TavianT qcevis wesebs uwesebd-
nen qarTul sazogadoebas. `marTali samarTlis qmna~
yovelTvis mniSvnelovani iyo qarTvelisTvis. samar-
TlianobisTvis, sikeTisTvis brZolis moTxovnileba
qarTul sulierebaSi wminda giorgis mniSvnelovani
adgiliTac gamoixateba. usamarTlo kanonis darRveva
da samarTlianad moqceva saqarTveloSi vaJkacobadaa
miCneuli. xalxur leqsSi, arsena oZelaSvilze, moce-
mulia fraza: `mdidars arTmevs, Raribs aZlevs, Rmer-
Ti rogor waaxdensa~, romelic samarTlianobis for-
muladaa miCneuli. batonisTvis, romelic glexebis
Sromis xarjze mdidrdeba, TavisiT araferi Seuqmnia,
aRniSnuli simdidris warTmeva da RaribebisTvis misi
dabruneba marTlac samarTliania. kanoni icavs mdi-
dars, mis simdidres, arsena arTmevs mdidars, e.i. ar-
Rvevs kanons, magram igi usamarTlo kanons arRvevs.
qarTul cnobierebaSi usamarTlo kanonis aramarto
darRveva SeiZleba, aramed aseTi darRveva saqebari da
misabaZicaa. problema imaSia, rom samarTlianobis for-
mulad miCneul zemomoyvanil frazaSi dakonkretebuli
ar aris mdidars simdidre patiosani SromiT aqvs mop-
oveuli Tu ara. igulisxmeba, rom aRniSnuli simdidre
usamarTlodaa mopovebuli, magram Tu davuSvebT, rom
mdidars, romelsac arsena arTmevs, simdidre Tavisi
patiosani SromiT aqvs mopovebuli, xolo Raribi imi-
tom aris Raribi, rom igi zarmacia da usaqmuri, ezareba
Sroma, maSin samarTlianobis formula usamarTlobis
gamovlinebad gadaiqceva. zemomoyvanili magaliTis ms-
gavsad kriminaluri subkultura samarTlianobis say-
ovelTaod miRebul formulebs xSirad iyenebda usa-
marTlo qmedebebis gasamarTleblad. samarTlianobis
formulis qveS ido iseTi Sinaarsis qmedeba, romelic

523. 522
usamarTlobis gamovlinebas warmoadgenda. am movlenas
Cven `kvazisamarTlianobas~ vuwodebT.
gustav le boni genialur naSromSi `erebis da masebis
fsiqologia~ wers: civilizaciebi gamomdinareoben
pirvel rigSi erebis xasiaTidan, e.i. maTi memkvidreu-
li grZnobebidan. aRniSuli memkvidreuli grZnobebi
xasiaTdebian didi simyariT, magram isini SeiZleba Se-
icvalon garkveuli faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT. aRniS-
nul faqtorTagan erT-erTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT
ideis gavlena.
rodesac garkveuli periodis WoWmanis, cvalebadobis
da propagandis Semdeg, romelime idea miiRebs garkveul
formas da SeaRwevs masebis cnobierebaSi, igi warmoqm-
nis dogmats. e.i. erT-erT im absolitur WeSmaritebas,
romelic udaoa.71
samarTlianobis problema yovelTvis awuxebda qarTul
cnobierebas, amitomaa, borotebasTan mebrZoli sax-
eebiT mdidaria mxatvruli literatura da xalxuri
folklori. qarTulma azrovnebam arsena oZelaSvilT-
an erTad daTa TuTaSxias, arsena marabdelis, kako yaC-
aRis mxatvruli saxeebi Seqmna. isini arRvevdnen kanons,
magram es kanoni usamarTlo iyo. organizebuli dana-
Sauloba mixvda, rom samarTlianobis gancda qarTuli
cnobierebis umniSvnelovanesi Tviseba iyo da kvazisa-
marTlianobas amofarebuli kriminaluri subkultura
cdilobda damkvidrebuliyo qarTul cnobierebaSi.
`qurduli organizacia~ cdilobda samarTlianobis
miseul ideas SeeRwia masebis fsiqologiaSi da damkvi-
drebuliyo dogmatis saxiT.
71
ix. Гюстав Ле Бон. Психология народов и масс. СПб, 1896. c. 26-30.

524. 523
organizebuli danaSaulobis mamamTavrebma, SesaniSna-
vad gamoiyenes sabWoTa saxelmwifos arsebobis bolo
wlebSi da misi rRvevis Semdgom periodSi, saxelisu-
flebo wreebSi da samarTaldamcav sistemaSi gamefe-
buli korufcia, sazogadoebaSi gamefebuli usamarT-
lobis da daucvelobis gancda, kanonieri ukanonobis
pirobebi da aqtiurad daiwyes danaSaulebrivi subkul-
turis danergva sazogadoebaSi.
cnobilia, rom Tu saxelmwifo ver arTmevs Tavs konkre-
tul sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis daregulirebas, sa-
zogadoeba TviTon cdilobs gamonaxos aRniSnuli urT-
ierTobis daregulirebis gzebi. saxelmwifo marTlmsa-
julebis mimarT undoblobiT ganwyobili sazogadoebis
sxvadasxva fenis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac krimin-
alTan Sexeba SeiZleba adre arasdros hqoniaT, _ ese-
ni iyvnen mecnierebi, muSa-mosamsaxureebi da sxvani, _
TaviaanTi problemebis samarTlianad gadaWris imediT
`kanonier qurdebs~ mimarTavdnen. `kanonieri qurdis~
mier gamotanili `ganaCeni~ aucileblad unda aRsrule-
buliyo. urCi sastikad isjeboda. realurad saxelmwi-
foSi iqmneboda `saxelmwifo~, Tavisi qcevis normebiT,
`sasamarTloTi~, da iZulebiTi aparatiT.
kriminaluri subkulturis gavrcelebis mniSvnelovan
xelSemwyob faqtorad SeiZleba miviCnioT sabWoTa da
postsabWouri periodis sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawese-
bulebebi, agreTve sasjelis moxdis Semdeg saxelm-
wifo struqturebis da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba
sasjelmoxdili pirebis mimarT.sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebaSi SemTxveviT moxvedrili pirebi, rom-
lebic danaSaulis Cadenamde ar warmoadgendnen e.w.
`blatianebs~ da ar iyvnen kriminaluri ideebis gulSe-
matkivrebi, sasjelis moxdis periodSi, an mis Semdeg

525. 524
cdilobdnen danaSaulebriv samyarosTan daaxloebas.
sasjelis moxdis periodSi maTze zegavlenas axdend-
nen e.w. dauwereli cixis kanonebiT, romelTac nebis-
mieri patimari unda damorCileboda, raTa cixeSi sxva
patimrebTan Tanacxovreba, sakuTari adgilis mopoveba
SesZleboda.
rac Seexeba kriminaluri subkulturis gavrcelebis
xelSemwyob sasjelis moxdis Semdgom periods, warsul-
Si Tavisufleba aRkveTili pirebis erTi nawili miiCnev-
da Tavs kriminaluri samyaros Semadgenel nawilad ara
mxolod imis gamo, rom maTze garkveuli zegavlena moax-
dina cixis kanonebma da im kriminalurma subkulturam
romelic cixeSi sufevda, aramed imanac, rom saxelm-
wifo da sazogadoeba maTgan gaucxoebuli aRmoCnda.
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi SemTxveviT moxve-
drili pirebi, romlebic sasjelis moxdamde ar iyvnen
kriminaluri ideebis matareblebi, e.w. `blatianebi~ da
ar warmoadgendnen qurduli samyaros wevrebs, anu e.w.
`SemTxveviTi damnaSaveebi~, sasjelis moxdis Semdeg aR-
moaCendnen xolme, rom saxelmwifo, sazogadoeba maT
eWvis TvaliT uyurebs, maTze aris da mTeli cxovreba
iqneba damnaSavis damRa da erTaderTi adgili sadac
Tavi SeuZlia igrZnon `ojaxSi~ es aris zustad krimi-
naluri samyaro, romelic maT xelgaSlili elodeba.
aqedan gamomdinare, SemTxveviTi damnaSave, romelic
guSin sanimuSo, anda Cveulebrivi, saSualo moqalaqe
iyo, aRmoaCens, rom saxelmwifo struqturebSi, sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi misi adgili aRar darCa da erTad-
erTi wre, romelic mzadaa igi miiRos gakicxvis gareSe
kriminaluri samyaroa. amis Semdeg iwyeba kriminaluri
kavSirebis gaRrmaveba, axali kavSirebis gamoZebna da
`ojaxSi~, anu danaSaulebriv samyaroSi sakuTari adgi-
lis damkvidrebisken swrafva, radganac sxvagan, lega-

526. 525
lur samyaroSi, TviTrealizaciis SesaZleblobebi mini-
mumamdea dayvanili.
SemTxveviTi damnaSavis resocializaciis problema
Zireulad gansxvavdeba profesionali an organizebuli
damnaSavis resocializaciis specifikisgan da gansa-
kuTrebulad faqiz midgomas saWiroebs. SemTxveviTi
damnaSavis mimarT saxelmwifom da sazogadoebam meti
humanuroba unda gamoiCinos, raTa aRniSnuli pirebi
isev sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo ferxulSi Caeban da
ar igrZnon Tavi gariyulebad im wridan, im ideebidan,
romelTac Tavis droze msaxurobdnen da sworad mi-
aCndaT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifoebrivi
ideisgan ar SeiZleba gaucxoebuli iqnes is adamianebi,
romlebmac ara kriminaluri profesionalizaciis, ar-
amed SemTxvevis gamo gadakveTes kanonis zRvari. gan-
sxvavebiT profesionali an organizebuli damnaSavee-
bisgan pirebs, romlebic ar warmoadgenen kriminaluri
ideebis matareblebs, pirvelad Caidines danaSauli da
es danaSauli ar aris gansakuTrebiT mZime, unda hqon-
deT imis Sansi saxelmwifosgan, rom sasjelis moxdis
Semdeg SeeZloT saxelmwifo an sazogadoebriv samsax-
urSi Cadgoma da arsebuli nasamarTloba ar iyos keTro-
vanis damRa, mTeli maTi darCenili cxovrebis manZilze.
gansxvavebul midgomas saWiroebs profesionali da or-
ganizebuli damnaSavis resocializacia. am SemTxvevaSi
Tundac ar iyos Cadenili gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSau-
li, saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba meti sifrTxiliT unda
moekidos danaSaulis Camdeni piris sakuTar wiaRSi dab-
runebas, misTvis ndobis gamocxadebas da socialurad
mniSvnelovani funqciebis dakisrebas. msgavsi katego-
riis damnaSaveebma ufro metad unda daamtkicon Tavi-
anTi gamosworeba da saxelmwifoebrivi ideebiT xelaxa-
li aRzrda, kriminalur subkulturaze uaris Tqma.

527. 526
saxelmwifom da sazogadoebam kriminaluri samyaros
rigebisken ar unda ubiZgos Tundac kanonTan kon-
fliqtSi myof pirebs. piriqiT, aRniSnuli pirebis gamo-
sworebisTvis unda xdebodes saxelmwifoebrivi ideebis
propaganda da unda arsebobdes Sansi, rom warsulSi
sasjelmoxdili pirebi SeZleben daimkvidron Tavisi
adgili sazogadoebaSi, raTa maT ar gadawyviton TviT-
realizacia kriminaluri karieris mimarTulebiT. re-
socializaciis procesi ra Tqma unda gansxvavebuli
unda iyos SemTxveviTi damnaSavisa da organizebuli an
profesionali damnaSavisTvis, Tumca erTmniSvnelova-
nia, rom generaluri xazs warmoadgens aRniSnuli pire-
bisTvis imis realuri Sansis arseboba, rom mondomebis
SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo maT miiRebs, TviTrealizaciis
Sans miscems da ar gariyavs.
kriminaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg brZola pirvel rig-
Si albaT imaSi unda gamoixatos, rom rac SeiZleba nak-
lebi moqalaqis CaTreva SeZlos man Tavis rigebSi. gan-
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania axalgazrdobis ganrideba
kriminaluri subkulturisgan, rasac warmatebiT ax-
orcielebs am bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos xelisufleba.
mniSvnelovania kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi pirebis
dabruneba, saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis da azrovnebis
speqtrSi, maTTvis TviTrealizaciis realuri SesaZle-
blobebis micema, da kriminaluri, naxevrad miTologi-
uri, fsevdosamarTliani ideebis sruli dasamareba.
saxelmwifom unda miiRos SemTxveviT gzaacdenili saku-
Tari moqalaqeebi da ar unda gawiros isini kriminaluri
`ojaxisTvis~, romelic xelgaSlili elodeba yovel
axal gariyuls, kriminaluri subkulturis yovel axal
msxverpls...
imis realuri Sansi, rom Cadenili danaSaulis miuxeda-

528. 527
vad da gansakuTrebiT SemTxveviTi damnaSaveebisTvis,
saxelmwifo mzadaa gamoiCinos gulmowyaleba da miiRos
sakuTari gzaacdenili moqalaqeebi, misces maT TviT-
realizaciis SesaZlebloba sakuTar struqturebSi,
iyos gacilebiT humanuri da samarTliani vidre orga-
nizebuli danaSaulobis sindikatebi, kriminaluri sa-
myarosa da misi subkulturisTvis adgils aRar tovebs.
kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi pirebis resocializaci-
is, kriminaluri subkulturis winaaRmdeg brZolis da
gzaacdenili moqalaqeebis saxelmwifosa da sazoga-
doebis wiaRSi dabrunebis miznebisTvis mniSvnelovnad
wingadadgmul nabijs warmoadgens saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis Tanamedrove politika, gansakuTrebiT
ganridebis axladdanergili instututi, saxelmwifo
braldebis diskreciis ufleba, saproceso SeTanxmebis
instituti72
, bolo periodSi realurad amoqmedebuli
alternatiuli sasjelis saxeebi, magaliTad sazoga-
doebrivad sasargeblo Sroma da sxva samarTlebrivi
instrumentebi.
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
§ 4. saqarTvelos antiqurduli kanonmdebloba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ualternativo mdgomareoba-
Si imyofeboda 2000-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, mas an unda
gamoeCina brZolis unari da SebrZoleboda organize-
buldanaSaulobas,romelicmissxeulSisakmaodmyarad
iyo gamjdari, an uari unda eTqva saxelmwifoebriobaze
da kriminokratiad gadaqceuliyo. saqarTvelom or-
72
Tavis droze saproceso SeTanxmeba aRmoCnda erT-erTi
efeqturi meqanizmi italiaSi mafiis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.

529. 528
ganizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis gza airCia, rad-
ganac sxva SemTxvevaSi igi Sewyvetda arsebobas, rogorc
demokratiuli respublika.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam, upirveles yovlisa orga-
nizebuli danaSaulobis ZiriTad birTvTan daiwyo br-
Zola, es ZiriTadi birTvi ki e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~
organizaciaa. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqss 2006 wlis 28 aprils daemata axali norma (2231
-e
mux.) organizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg, romelic
damTavrebul danaSaulad ganixilavs e.w. `kanonier qur-
dobas~, an qurduli samyaros wevrobas. sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi regulirebis garda, kanonmdebelma 2005 wlis
20 dekembers Seqmna specialuri kanoni `organizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~, sadac detalurad gai-
wera organizebul danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli cnebebi
da ganisazRvra pasuxismgebel pirTa normis regulaci-
is sfero. postsabWour sivrceSi saqarTvelom pirvel-
ma miiRo antiqurduli kanonmdebloba, rac uciloblad
progresul nabijad unda CaiTvalos.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 2231
-e mux-
li detalurad ar ganmartavs kanonieri qurdobisa da
qurduli samyaros wevrobis obieqtur mxares. aRniS-
nuli qmedebebis Sinaarsis dasadgenad unda mivmarToT
saqarTvelos kanons `organizebuli danaSaulisa da re-
ketis Sesaxeb~. kanonieri qurdobisTvis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba erTi SexedviT dafuZnebulia
organizebuli jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis principze,
banditizmis, teroristuli organizaciis da sxva da-
naSaulebis msgavsad, Tumca am ukanasknelTagan gansx-
vavebiT kanonma `organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~, kanonieri qurdobisa da qurduli samyaros
wevrobisaTvis, jgufis wevrobasTan erTad sisxliss-

530. 529
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlad savaldebu-
lod gansazRvra garkveuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba.
kanonieri qurdobis obieqturi mxare gamoixateba orga-
nizaciis wevrobaSi, kerZod kanonieri qurdi unda iyos
qurduli samyaros wevri. qurduli organizaciisadmi
kuTvnilebis garda kanonieri qurdi qurduli samyaros
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad unda warmarTvdes an/
da organizebas uwevdes qurdul samyaros an pirTa
garkveul jgufs. rogorc vxedavT, `organizebuli da-
naSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ kanonis moTxovnis Sesa-
bamisad, kanonieri qurdobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis da-
sakisreblad saxeze unda iyos ori komponenti: pirveli,
is rom piri unda warmoadgendes qurduli samyaros
wevrs da meore, unda warmarTavdes an/da organizebas
uwevdes qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonieri qurdobisTvis sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba ufro rTuli
samarTlebrivi komponentebis arsebobas moiTxovs, vi-
dre bandis an teroristuli organizaciis xelmZRvane-
lis pasuxismgebloba, radganac imis garda, rom bral-
debam unda daadginos piris kuTvnileba qurduli orga-
nizaciisadmi, unda dadgindes agreTve isic, rom xdebo-
da pirTa garkveuli jgufis marTva an/da organizeba.
socialur sinamdvileSi kanonieri qurdis terminis
gamoyenebam gamoiwvia is, rom aRniSnuli termini norma-
tiul aqtebSi damkvidrda. qurdoba ar SeiZleba iyos im-
avdroulad kanonieri, es ori iuridiulad urTierTga-
momricxavi cnebebia, `gaumarTlebelia kodeqsSi kanon-
iereba ukanonobis mniSvnelobiT iyos gamoyenebuli~73
amasTan, Tuki qurdoba danaSaulia, rogor SeiZleba
danaSauli iyos kanonieri. e.w. `kanonieri qurdis~ pa-
73
ix. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, avtor. kol.
gamomcemloba `merediani~, Tb., 2006, gv. 452.

531. 530
suximgeblobis garda ssk-is 177-e muxli iTvaliswinebs
qurdobas, rogorc `sxvisi moZravi nivTis farul
dauflebas marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT~.
logikuri TvalsazrisiT am or termins Soris is gansx-
vavebaa, rom Tu erTi `Cveulebrivi~ qurdobaa, meore
`kanonieri~ qurdobaa. Cveni azriT normaSi unda aisaxos,
rom cneba `kanonieri qurdoba~ aris fiqcia, konkretul
sociumSi miRebuli termini da amitom sasurvelia kan-
onSi Caiweros ara `kanonieri~, aramed `e.w. kanonieri~.
kanonmdebelma `qurduli samyaro~ gansazRvra rogorc
`pirTa nebismieri erToba, romelic moqmedebs maT mier
dadgenili/aRiarebuli specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad
da romlis mizania daSinebiT, muqariT, iZulebiT, dumi-
lis pirobebiT, qurduli garCevis gziT, danaSaulebriv
qmedebebSi arasrulwlovanTa CabmiT, danaSaulis Caden-
iT an danaSaulis Cadenisken waqezebiT, misi wevrebisT-
vis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba.~74
aRniSnuli
norma italiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi aRwerili
`mafiozuri asociaciis~ msgavsia.75
`kanonieri qurdebi~
da `italiuri mafia~ organizebuli danaSaulobis sax-
eebia, romelTa Sorisac sakmao gansxvavebac arsebobs.76
pirvel rigSi aRniSnuli gansxvaveba Seexeba orga-
nizaciul struqturas. `italiuri mafia~ miekuTvneba
organizaciis patrimoniul models, romelic sisxliT-
naTesaobiT principzea agebuli da romlis saTaveSi
dgas `bosi~, igi rogorc wesi `ojaxis~ an `ojaxTa gaer-
Tianebebis~ erTpirovnuli mmarTvelia.77
rac Seexeba
74
ix. 2005 wlis saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSau-
lisa da reketis Sesaxeb, mux. me-3.
75
dawvrilebiT ixileT zemoT.
76
ix. Транснациональная организованная преступность. Виды основ-
ных мировых организаций. www. crime.vl.ru
77
ix. Ianni. Kinship and Social Control in Organizd Crime. 1972. moyva-
nilia Howard Abadinsky. Organized Crime. Nelson-Hall publishers. Chi-

532. 531
qurdulorganizacias,igisisxliTnaTesauriprincipis
mixedviT ar igeba da arc erTpirovnuli mmarTveli hy-
avs, igi warmoadgens `saZmos~ (Братва), romlis Sekrebe-
bze (Сходняк) xmis ufleba yvela wevrs gaaCnia da hori-
zontaluri mmarTvelobis nimuSs warmoadgens.78
meore
arsebiTi gansxvaveba am or danaSaulebriv organizacias
Soris, Sidaorganizaciul normebSia, romelTa mixedvi-
Tac warmoebuli maTi saqmianoba erTmaneTisgan sakmaod
gansxvavdeba.
organizebuli danaSaulobisa da reketis Sesaxeb kan-
onSi mocemul `qurduli samyaros~ iuridiuli defi-
niciasTan mimarTebaSi gvsurs gamovTqvaT ramodenime
mosazreba:
1. `qurduli samyaro~ _ kanonmdebelma aRniSnuli
termini gamoiyena im sociumis dasaxasiaTeblad,
romelic moqmedebs `maT mier dadgenili/aRiare-
buli specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad da romlis
mizania daSinebiT, muqariT, iZulebiT, dumilis pi-
robebiT, qurduli garCevis gziT. misi wevrebisTvis
an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba.~79
qurdebis
kriminaluriorganizaciaarisCveulebrividanaSau-
lebrivi dajgufeba da misi `samyaro~-Ti moxsenieba
ar migvaCnia mizanSewonilad. marTalia movlena xa-
siaTdeba farTo masStabebiT da qurdul sociumSi
arsebobs Sida qcevis wesebi, magram msgavsi struq-
tura gaaCnia nebismier kriminalur organizacias.
magaliTad Tu aviRebT italiuri mafias, aRniSnul
organizacias gaaCnia sakmaod mkacri Sinaganawesi,
cago. перевод с англ.-СПб.: Издателство С.-Петербургского университе-
та. 2002. c. 36. mixedviT.
78
ix. http://www.prison.org/nravy/dictionary/s.htm
79
ix. 2005 wlis saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSau-
lisa da reketis Sesaxeb, mux. 3.

533. 532
moralur-zneobrivi normebi, magram italiis sisx-
lis samarTlis kanonis 416-e `bis~ muxli mafiozuri
tipis asociaciis, anu dajgufebis cnebas adgens da
ara mafiozuri samyaros cnebas.80
msoflioSi arcer-
Ti qveynis sisxlis samarTali, arcerTi saerTaSor-
iso normatiuli aqti, organizebuli jgufis cnebis
gansazRvrisasarxmarobstermins`samyaro~.termini
`samyaro~ metismet pativad migvaCnia organizebuli
jgufis dasaxasiaTeblad da danaSaulebrivi movle-
nis idealistur aspeqtSi gadawyvetisken miuTiTebs.
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom gacilebiT ukeTesi iqne-
boda `qurduli samyaros~ nacvlad, SemogveRo ter-
mini `qurduli krminaluri organizacia~ an `qurdu-
li danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba~
2. `qurduli samyaros~ iuridiul cnebaSi amomwura-
vadaa CamoTvlili obieqturi mxaris elementebi.
organizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis msoflio
gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom iseTi rTuli movlenis
kriminalizaciisas, rogorc organizebuli danaSau-
lobaa, unda moveridoT xist definiciebs.
3. kanonSi organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Ses-
axeb mocemulia `qurduli samyaros~ konkretulad
gansazRvruli mizani, sargeblis miReba. gamodis,
rom Tu romelime konkretul SemTxvevaSi qurdul
organizacias sargeblis miRebis mizani ar gaaCnia,
igi aseTad ar CaiTvleba, rac ar migvaCnia marTe-
bulad. marTalia, organizebuli danaSaulobis
damaxasiaTebelia angarebiTi motivacia da sargeb-
lis miRebis mizani kriminaluri saqmianobidan, ma-
gram migvaCnia, rom kanonieri qurdebis SemTxvevaSi
aRniSnuli miznis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia
SezRudavs antiqurduli normebis regulirebis
sferos. qurduli organizaciis damaxasiaTebeli
80
dawvrilebiT ixileT zemoT.

534. 533
niSinia is, rom isini fsevdosamarTlian ideebs da
fsevdosamarTlian Rirebulebebs amofarebulni
TavianT saqmianobaSi xSirad gamoricxaven angare-
biT motivacias. kanonieri qurdebis ganmartebiT
isini imitom arCeven saqmeebs qurduli wesebis Sesa-
bamisad, rom aRadginon samarTlianoba, saerTo qur-
duli salaros fuls imitom krefen, rom daexmaron
patimrobaSi myofebs da maTi ojaxis wevrebs da a.S.
qurduli organizacia marTlac, realurad angare-
biTi motivaciis mqonea, magram es imdenadaa SeniR-
buli kvazisamarTlianobis ideebiTa da qmedebebiT,
rom rTulia dadasturdes qurduli garCevis Sed-
egad konkretulad ra sargebeli miiRo organiza-
ciam. qurduli garCeva warmosaxulia imgvarad, rom
qurdulis samyaros wevris an kanonieri qurdis mier
qurduli wesebis mixedviT garCeva samarTlianobis
aRdgenas emsaxureba.
gaeros konvencia transnacionaluri organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg me-2 muxlSi savsebiT marTebulad
damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis erT-erT niSnad gan-
sazRvravs pirdapir an arapirdapir, finansuri an sxva
saxis materialuri sargeblis miRebis mizans. rogorc
zemoT aRvniSneT msgavsi mizani, ra Tqma unda, gaaCnia
qurdul organizaciasac, Tumca migvaCnia aRniSnuli
saxis miznis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia problemebs
hqmnis braldebis mtkicebis sakiTxSi.
kanonieri qurdobis msgavsad, qurduli samyaros wev-
robis dasjadobis safuZvlad, kanonis Tanaxmad, jguf-
Si monawileobasTan erTad dadgenilia qurduli sam-
yaros miznebis misaRwevad aqtiuri moqmedebis ganx-
orcieleba. aqtiuri moqmedeba sasamarTlo praqtikis
mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT SeiZleba gamoixatos qurduli
garCevebis mowyobiT, e.w. qurduli saerTo salarosT-

535. 534
vis fulis akrefiT da a.S. migvaCnia rom, sakanonmdeblo
doneze SesaZlebelia ukeTesad Camoyalibdes qurduli
samyaros wevris samarTlebrivi definicia,81
kerZod
umjobesi iqneba, organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgu-
fis wevris zogadi cnebidan amovideT82
da pirisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasakis-
reblad sakmarisi safuZveli iyos mxolod qurdul
kriminalur organizaciaSi monawileoba, anu braldeba
valdebuli unda iyos daamtkicos mxolod piris kuT-
vnileba qurduli kriminaluri organizaciisadmi. rac
Seexeba kanonis Semdgom moTxovnebs: qurduli samyaros
aRiarebas da misi miznebis Sesabamisad aqtiur moqmede-
bas, migvaCnia, rom aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar warmoad-
gens arsebiT indikatorebs, ar asaxavs organizebuli
danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi arsebul saerTa-
Soriso gamocdilebas da problemas qmnis braldebis
mtkicebis dros.
arsebuli samarTlebrivi definiciis SenarCunebis pi-
robebSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes Semdgom sakiTxe-
bze. pirveli, is rom qurduli samyaros wevria `nebis-
mieri piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros~. ras
niSnavs qurduli samyaros aRiareba? rogor unda gamox-
atos pirma qurduli samyaros aRiareba, ra formiT,
rom aRniSnulma sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvneloba
SeiZinos? sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas davadgi-
neT, rom sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi miTiTe-
bulia qurduli samyaros aRiarebis Semdgomi formebi:
`subieqti cnobs da aRiarebs qurdul samyaros~; `subi-
eqti Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs qur-
81
ix. saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa
da reketis Sesaxeb. mux. me-3, naw. me-3.
82
ix. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mux. 27-e. naw.
me-4.

536. 535
duli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras~; `subieqti cxovrobs
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad da
xels uwyobs aseTi wesebis gavrcelebas~; `subieqti geg-
mavs da awyobs specialur qurduli wesebiT saqmeebis
garCevas~. rogorc vxedavT kriminalur subkulturaSi
gavrcelebulma ASexedulebebma asaxva hpova oficialur
samarTlebriv dokumentebSi. imis magivrad, rom bral-
debam da sasamarTlom daadginos mxolod da mxolod
piris kuTvnileba kriminaluri organizaciisadmi ad-
gens imas, rom subieqti Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sajarod
gamoxatavs qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras an subi-
eqti cxovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis
Sesabamisad da a.S. ismis kiTxva samarTlebrivad ramde-
nad dasabuTebadia an/da gamarTulia piris cxovrebis
wesis kriminalurad an marTlzomierad Sefaseba. saer-
Tod miRebulia piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis
principi.piradicxovrebisxelSeuxeblobasayovelTao
uflebaa, aRniSnuli daculia rogorc konstituciuri
ise sisxlis saproceso samarTlis fuZemdebluri prin-
cipebiT.
saqarTvelos sisxlis saproceso samarTlis me-4 mux-
lis 1-li nawilis mixedviT: `mosamarTle, prokurori,
gamomZiebeli da sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva
monawileebi valdebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis yvela stadiaze daicvan procesis monawileTa
Rirseba da piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba~, xolo
me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, romelic adgens sisxlis samarT-
lis procesSi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis prin-
cips: `gamoZiebis procesSi mxares ara aqvs ufleba,
TviTneburad da ukanonod Caerios sxvis pirad cxovre-
baSi. saproceso moqmedebis Camtarebelma ar unda gaam-
JRavnos cnobebi piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, aseve piradi
xasiaTis cnobebi, romelTa saidumlod dacvac pirs
saWirod miaCnia.~

537. 536
sasamarTlo dokumentebSi motanilia fraza: `cxov-
robs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabam-
isad~. nebismier adamians SeuZlia icxovros ise rogorc
surs, ra wesebiTac surs, mTavaria man ar Caidinos da-
naSaulebrivi qmedeba. zogadad vfiqrobT gaumarTle-
belia Seiqmnas STabeWdileba, rom sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba ki ar aris, aramed ama Tu im subieqtis piradi
cxovrebis wesi. sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi
aisaxa kriminaluri subkulturis is mniSvnelovani
debuleba, romelze dayrdnobiTac qurduli krimi-
naluri organizacia cdilobda sakuTari wevrebis da-
naSaulebrivi qmedebebi warmoedgina ara Cveulebriv
kriminalur saqmianobad, aramed piradi cxovrebis wes-
ad, rasac sxvaTa Soris kriminaluri TviTgamarTlebis
doqtrinac eyrdnoba. is rac, danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bis gasamarTleblad, kriminalurma subkulturam pi-
radi cxovrebis wesad mcdarad da yalbad warmoaCina,
sasamarTlo oficialur dokumentebSi aisaxa da es, ra
Tqma unda, ar unda CaiTvalos dadebiTad. sasamarTlo
dukumentebSi saubari unda iyos ara cxovrebis wesis
Taviseburebaze da dasjadobaze, aramed Cveulebrivi
kriminaluri qmedebis ganxorcielebaze, rac gamoix-
ateba qurdul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi monaw-
ileobiT da im sxva akrZaluli qmedebebis CadeniT (mag-
aliTad qurduli garCeva) romelsac pirdapir iTval-
iswinebs kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb.
ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli dadgindes qurduli sam-
yaros specialuri wesebis mixedviT cxovrobs esa Tu is
adamiani, Tu zogadad kriminalia da kriminalurma sub-
kulturam mis pirovnebaSi myarad daisadgura? riTi
unda daadasturos braldebam, saidan aris SesaZle-

538. 537
beli specialuri qurduli wesebis dadgena, raTa maTi
dadgenis Semdeg Seafasos am wesebiT cxovrobda piri
Tu ara? aRniSnuli amocana ra Tqma unda ganuxorciele-
belia, radganac TviTon qurduli kanoni dauwerelia,
amasTan samarTlebrivad rTulad dasasabuTebelia
da saSualo moqalaqisTvis, romelsac Sexeba ar hqonia
kriminalur samyarosTan, gaugebaria rogor SeiZleba
cxovreba qurduli wesebiT da riTi gansxvavdeba aRniS-
nuli cxovreba Cveulebrivi moqalaqis cxovrebisgan.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb
kanonis aRniSnuli debuleba, kerZod `aRiarebs qur-
dul samyaros~, rogorc vxedavT problemebs qmnis
braldebis mtkicebis dros da organizebuli dana-
Saulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi warmatebul debulebad
ar unda CaiTvalos. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qurduli
samyaros aRiarebis nacvlad, braldebam unda daadas-
turos mxolod piris kuTvnileba organizebuli da-
naSaulebrivi jgufisadmi.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis
Tanaxmad qurduli samyaros aRiarebasTan erTad pirma
aqtiurad unda imoqmedos aRniSnuli samyaros miznebis
Sesabamisad. vfiqrobT `aqtiuri moqmedebis~ cnebis ma-
givrad `qmedebis~ cneba ufro mizanSewonilia, radga-
nac gamodis, rom imas, vinc aqtiurad ar moqmedebs da
moqmedebs zomierad qurduli organizaciis wevrad ver
miviCnevT. qurduli samyaros wevris definicia, Cveni
azriT SeiZleba Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad: nebismieri
piri, romelic monawileobs qurdul organizaciaSi an/
da moqmedebs aRniSnuli organizaciis miznebis Sesa-
bamisad. piris qurduli organizaciisadmi kuTvnilebis
dadgenisas aucilebelia ormxrivi kavSiris gamokveTa,
rogorc wevris organizaciis mimarT, aseve organiza-

539. 538
ciis kavSiri wevrTan. Tu aRniSnuli kavSiri ar dgindeba
piri qurduli samyaros wevrad ar unda CaiTvalos.
SemoTavazebuli definicia: nebismieri piri, romelic
monawileobs qurdul organizaciaSi an/da moqmedebs
aRniSnuli organizaciis miznebis Sesabamisad gaafar-
Toebs normis regulirebis sferos da pasuximgebel
subieqtTa wres:
1. danaSauli damTavrebuli iqneba qurduli orga-
nizaciis wevrobis momentidan, imis miuxedavad,
Caidina Tu ara pirma romelime konkretuli da-
naSauli. aRniSnuli debuleba savsebiT Seesabameba
ssk-is 27-e muxls, sadac miTiTebulia, rom `organi-
zebuli jgufis sxva monawile pasuxs agebs jgufSi
monawileobisTvis am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi~.
2. marTlmsajulebas SesaZlebloba eqneba pasuxisge-
baSi misces is pirebic, romlebic marTalia ar arian
organizebuli jgufis wevrebi, magram moqmedeben
misi miznebis Sesabamisad. (mag. korumpirebuli Tana-
mdebobis pirebi axorcieleben garkveul qmedebebs
qurduli organizaciis SekveTiT.) aRniSnuli mosaz-
rebac, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis, kerZod
Tanamonawileobis da amsruleblobis normebSi
poulobs dasayrdens. piri, romelic ar aris orga-
nizaciis wevri, SeiZleba damxmaris rolSi mogvev-
linos, anda qurduli organizaciis waqezebiT Seas-
rulos garkveuli moqmedeba. qurduli organizaci-
is wevris Cveneuli koncefcia saSualebas mogvcems
aRniSnuli organizaciis wevrebad ganvixiloT
waqezebuli amsruleblebi da damxmareebi, Tu maT
gacnobierebuli hqondaT, rom asrulebdnen qurdu-
li organizaciis interesebis Sesabamis qmedebas.
zemoaRniSnuli mosazrebis gasamyareblad SesaZlebe-

540. 539
lia moviSvelioT gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
konvencia transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSau-
lis winaaRmdeg, romlis me-5 muxli adgens damnaSaveTa
organizebul jgufSi monawileobis kriminalizaciis
safuZvlebs. konvenciis mixedviT damTavrebuli dana-
SaulisTvis da ara momzadeba mcdelobisTvis, agreTve
ara rogorc Tanamonawilem aramed rogorc uSualo am-
srulebelma unda agos pirma pasuxi, rodesac:
`qmedeba Cadenili piris mier, romelic acnobierebs
damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis mizans da saerTo
danaSaulebriv saqmianobas, an am jgufis ganzrax-
vas, Caidinos Sesabamisi danaSauli, romelic aqtiur
monawileobas iRebs:
a. damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaSi;
b. damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis sxva saqmianobaSi
imis gacnobierebiT, rom misi monawileoba xels Seuw-
yobs zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi miznebis miRwevas;
b) damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis monawileobiT
Cadenili mZime danaSaulis organizeba, xelmZRvanelo-
ba, xelSewyoba, waqezeba, daxmareba an rCevis micema.~
normis definiciis dRevandel etapze, qurduli orga-
nizaciis wevrad unda moviazroT kriminalTa is katego-
ria, romlebic ar arian danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
xelmZRvanelebi, anu e.w. `kanonieri qurdebi~, magram
warmoadgenen qurduli organizaciis wevrebs. mag: `av-
toritetebi~, `mayureblebi~ da a.S.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli `qurduli garCeva~83
rTuli gasami-
83
ix. saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa da reke-
tis Sesaxeb. mux. me-3. naw. me-3.

541. 540
jnia davebis arasamarTlebrivad gadawyvetis sxva
gamovlinebebidan. magaliTad, warmoiSveba kiTxva, riTi
gansxvavdeba qurduli garCeva reketiris mier davebis
gadawyvetisgan?84
`qurduli garCevis~ gansakuTreb-
uli socialuri saSiSroeba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
kvazisamarTlianobaze agebul, e.w. qurdul kanonze
dayrdnobiT, saxelmwifo marTlmsajulebis gverdis
avliT, saxelmwifo marTlmsajulebis gansjadi saqmee-
bis gadawyveta xdeba. realurad es aris organizebuli
danaSaulobis SeWra saxelmwifo funqciebis ganxor-
cielebaSi. kriminaluri subkulturis umniSvnelova-
nesi Semadgeneli elementi, treteuli sasamarTlo,
saxelmwifo marTlmsajulebis funqciebis miTvisebiT
mis diskreditacias axdens. qurduli garCevis cnebaSi
ar Sesula zemoaRniSnuli ZiriTadi elementebi, magram
Sesulia fakultaturi niSnebi: `qurduli samyaros
wevris mier or an met pirs Soris arsebuli davis gadaw-
yveta, romelsac axlavs muqara, iZuleba, daSineba an
sxva ukanono qmedeba~. qurdul garCevas, zogierT Sem-
TxvevaSi, SeiZleba saerTod ar axldes arc muqara, arc
iZuleba, arc daSineba an sxva ukanono qmedeba. xSirad
treteul mosamarTles, romlis rolSic, am konkretul
SemTxvevaSi, qurduli samyaros wevri gamodis, mxareebi
nebayoflobiT mimarTaven, maT Soris davis gadasawyve-
tad. treteuli mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebac xSirad
nebayoflobiT aRsruldeba. sxva sakiTxia, iZulebis
SesaZlebloba, e.w `kanonieri qurdis~ mier gamotanili
gadawyvetilebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, urCi
mxare mkacrad isjeba. amas garda, iZulebis SesaZle-
blobis cneba moicavs, rogorc muqaris, iZulebis da a.S.
realurad ganxorcielebas, agreTve maTi gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobas.
84
ix. saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa da reke-
tis Sesaxeb. mux. me-2. naw. me-3.

542. 541
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis
zemoaRniSnuli moTxovna e.w. kanonieri qurdobisa da
qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb, rogorc qvemoT davi-
naxavT sasamarTlo praqtikis analizisas, problemebs
qmnis braldebis mtkicebis aspeqtiT. organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom
organizebuli danaSaulis formebis kriminalizaciisas
sasurvelia obieqtri mxare ar iyos xistad definirebu-
li da pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels warmoadgendes or-
ganizebuli jgufis wevroba.
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
& 5. dasjadoba qmedebisTvis Tu socialuri statu-
sisTvis?
`kanonieri qurdobisTvis~ sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis daweseba badebs kiTxvas, aris es dasja-
doba qmedebisTvis, Tu konkretuli socialuri mdgo-
mareobisTvis, konkretuli statusisTvis? sisxlis sa-
marTlis klasikuri skolis umTavres princips Seadgens
is, rom dasjadia mxolod qmedeba da ara azrebi, ideebi,
Sexedulebebi. saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
-is mixedviT,
`kanonieri qurdoba~ isjeba vadiT 7-10 wlamde, jarimiT
an uamisod. `kanonieri qurdis~ cnebas adgens saqarT-
velos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulobisa da reketis
Sesaxeb, romlis me-3 muxlis me-4 nawilSi vkiTxulobT:
kanonieri qurdi – qurduli samyaros wevri, romelic
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad, ne-
bismieri formiT marTavs an/da organizebas uwevs qur-
dul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.

543. 542
imisTvis, rom dadges `kanonieri qurdis~ pasuxismge-
blobis sakiTxi `unda dadasturdes, rom igi moqmedeb-
da (marTavda pirebs an organizebas uwevda maT) swored
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad. . .
amgvarad `kanonieri qurdis~ pasuxisgebaSi micemisT-
vis araa sakmarisi mxolod is faqti, rom es pirovneba
sazogadoebaSi kanonieri qurdis saxeliTaa cnobili,
aramed aucilebelia mas daumtkicon, rom marTav-
da an organizebas uwevda qurdul samyaros an pirTa
garkveul jgufs.~85
imis damtkiceba, rom `kanonieri
qurdi~ marTavda an/da organizebas uwevda garkveul
sociums, rogorc marTebulad aRiniSna warmoSobs
problemebs braldebis mtkicebis dros.86
Cveni azriT, `kanonieri qurdebis~ pasuxismgeblobis
sakiTxi danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis koncefciis mixed-
viT unda gadawydes. piris qurdad `kurTxevis~ ceremo-
nia aris SeTanxmeba qurdul organizaciasa da aRniSnul
pirs Soris. `uflebrivi cxovrebis sfero gacilebiT
farToa, vidre is sfero, romelsac pozitiuri samarTa-
li Seicavs. magram ra iwvevs im uflebrivi sferos war-
moSobas, romelic pozitiuri samarTlis moqmedebas ar
eqvemdebareba? – normatiuli faqtebi. arsebobs faqte-
bi, romelTac aqvT unari Seqmnan azrTa iseTi kompleq-
si, rom logikuri damokidebuleba masTan gvsazRvravs
Cven uflebamosilisa da valdebulis mniSvnelobiT~.87
qurdad `kurTxeva~ xdeba qurdul Sekrebaze, sadac min-
imum ori `damsaxurebuli~ qurdi rekomendacias aZlevs
qurdobis kandidats.88
kandidati unda akmayofilebdes
85
ix. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, avtorTa
koleqt. gamomcemloba `merediani~, Tb., 2006, gv. 453.
86
ix. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, iqve.
87
ix. naneiSvili g., samarTlis filosofiis sakiTxebi. Tb.,
1992. gv. 107.
88
ix. Rlonti g., lobJaniZe g., kanonieri qurdebi saqarTvelo-

544. 543
Sesabamis moTxovnebs.89
yvela proceduris gavlis Sem-
deg, kandidati qurduli Rirebulebebis erTgulebis
fics debs, igi valdebulebas iRebs daicvas `qur-
duli kanonebi~, xolo Ralatis SemTxvevaSi daisajos
sikvdiliT. yvela proceduris gavlis Semdeg, kandida-
ti uflebamosili xdeba ataros kriminaluri samyaros
gvirgvini. gvirgvins am SemTxvevaSi simboluri dat-
virTva aqvs da kriminalur samyaroSi did damsaxure-
bebze miuTiTebs.90
`Cveulebrivma adamianma ramoden-
imejer SeiZleba Seicvalos profesia, cxovrebis wesi.
danaSaulebrivi elitis warmomadgenels amis ufleba
ara aqvs (specialistebi 2-3 iSviaT gamonakliss asax-
eleben, magram aRniSnuli gamonaklisebi ufro metad
adastureben ZiriTad wess.). `kanonieri qurdi~ rCeba
aseTad mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. kriminologiuri
gamokvlevebi asabuTeben, rom danaSaulebrivi samyaros
elita, `kanonieri qurdebi,~ arcrodis iqnebian kanon-
morCilni, ar Seicvlian cxovrebis wess. . .~91
qurduli
organizaciis winaSe dadebuli fici kanonier qurds
avaldebulebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze icxovros
qurduli kanonebis mixedviT, anu danaSaulebrivad,
radgan qurduli kanoni gmobs saxelmwifoebriobis
ideas. `antisazogadoebrivi qmedebis Cadenas misi Cam-
deni piri gahyavs Sesabamis instanciasTan normatiuli
urTierTobis gareT. es ki sxva araferia, Tu ara upa-
suxismgeblobis obieqtur viTarebaSi subieqtis gadas-
vla. es bunebrivia, radgan subieqti instanciasTan nor-
Si: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004, gv. 122-127.
89
ix. Корона воровской империи. http://www.aferizm.ru/criminal/crime_
kingdom.htm
90
kriminaluri tradiciebis Sesaxeb ix. Гуров А.И. Профессио-
нальная преступность: прошлое и современность М., 1990 c. 125-133
(Роль уголовных традиций и обычаев в воспроизводстве профессио-
нальной преступности)
91
ix. Криминология. Учебник для вузов. Под общ. ред. д.ю.н. проф.
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002, с.709.

545. 544
matiuli urTierTobis farglebSi unda moqmedebdes.
am urTierTobis farglebSi ki SesaZlebelia sazoga-
doebrivad sasargeblo (moraluri Tu marTlzomieri)
qmedeba. amoraluri Tu marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba
am urTierTobis farglebSi SeuZlebelia. amitom am
qmedebis Camdeni piri, am qmedebis gamo da farglebSi,
saTanado instanciasTan normatiuli urTierTobis ga-
reTaa. es imas niSnavs, rom es piri Tavisi am amoraluri
Tu marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT gadavida instanciis
winaSe upasuxismgeblobis obieqtur viTarebaSi. magram
upasuxismgeblobis es obieqturi viTareba gamowveu-
lia movaleobisadmi, rogorc normatiuli urTierTo-
bis elementisadmi, subieqturi, upasuxismgeblo, anu,
braleuli damokidebulebiT.~92
or an met pirs Soris SekavSireba, SeTanxmeba danaSau-
lis Cadenis mizniT, pirobebis Seqmnad, anu momzadebad
iTvleba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebeli iyenebs
fiqciis meTods da danaSaulis damTavrebis momentad
danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebas miiCnevs. banditizmi, dam-
Tavrebuli danaSaulia myari SeiaraRebuli jgufis
Seqmnis momentidan, romelsac pirze an organizaciaze
Tavdasxmis mizani aqvs (ssk-is 224-e muxli). danaSau-
lebrivi SeTanxmebis koncefcias eyrdnoba agreTve
`rikos~93
kanoni da italiis antimafiuri kanonmde-
bloba. italiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 416-e bis
muxlis Tanaxmad mafiozuri asociaciis Seqmna, xelmZR-
vaneloba, agreTve aRniSnul dajgufebaSi monawileoba
damTavrebuli danaSaulia. ruseTis federaciis ssk-is
210-e muxlis Tanaxmad danaSauli damTavrebulad iTv-
leba `danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organizaciis)~ Se-
qmnis momentidan da a.S.
92
ix. g. naWyebia, brali, rogorc socialuri filosofiis kat-
egoria. Tb., 2001, gv. 284.
93
statutireketulidakorumpirebuliorganizaciebisSesaxeb.

546. 545
`organizaciuli SeTanxmebis~ koncefciis safuZvelze
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom `kanonieri qurdobis~ das-
jadobisas saxezea ara socialuri statusis gamo das-
jadoba, aramed dasjadoba qmedebis gamo. `kanonieri
qurdi~ unda ganvixiloT qurduli organizaciis erT-
erT xelmZRvanelad, qurduli organizacia ki myari,
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis saxea. qurdad
`kurTxevis~ dros piri acxadebs Tanxmobas qurduli
organizaciis wevrobaze, igi eTanxmeba kriminalur
`normebs~, Cadenil da Casaden danaSaulebs, debs erT-
gulebis fics. `kanonieri qurdis~ qurdul organizaci-
aSi Sesvla ukve socialurad saSiSi qmedebaa, romelic
damTavrebul danaSaulad unda ganvixiloT.94
e.w `kanonieri qurdis~ pasuxismgeblobisTvis kanon-
mdebeli adgens danaSaulebrivi qmedebis obieqturi mx-
aris damatebiT elementebs: qurduli samyaros an pirTa
garkveuli jgufis marTva an/da organizeba nebismieri
formiT. rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna obieqturi mxaris
aRniSnuli debulebebis dasabuTeba braldebisTvis
praqtikulad Zalze rTuli iqneba, amis garda unda
aRiniSnos, rom SeiZleba `kanonieri qurdi~ aravis mar-
Tvas an organizebas konkretulad ar axorcielebdes.
obieqturi mxridan gamomdinare, mas pasuxisgebaSi ve-
Rar mivcemT.
migvaCnia, rom e.w. `kanonieri qurdobis~ dasjadobis
safuZvels unda warmoadgendes organizebuli dana-
Saulebrivi jgufisadmi, qurduli organizaciisadmi
kuTvnileba. iseve, rogorc wydeba sisxlis samarTal-
Si sxva danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis (magaliTad,
teroristuli organizaciis, bandis da a.S) xelmZR-
94
qmedebis socialuri saSiSroebis sakiTxisTvis ix: g. naWye-
bia. sisxlissamarTlebrivi urTierToba da danaSaulis cneba.
Tb., 2002 gv. 18.

547. 546
vanelebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. rogorc dagva-
naxa sasamarTlo praqtikis analizma, kanonis moTxovna,
qurduli samyaros an pirTa garkveuli jgufis marTva
an/da organizeba nebismieri formiT, problemebs war-
moSobs braldebis mtkicebis dros. sagulisxmoa, rom
danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
normebis dRevandel modelebSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli jgufisadmi kuTvnile-
bas emyareba. rogorc italiis anitimafiur kanonmde-
blobaSi, ise aSS-s `riko~-s kanonSi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvlad damkvidrebulia kriminaluri organizaciis
wevroba-monawileobis principi, radganac organize-
buli danaSauloba imdenad rTuli, mravalmxrivi da
saxecvaladi movlenaa, rom kanonSi danaSaulis Semad-
genlobis obieqturi da subieqturi niSnebis xistad
gansazRvra aRniSnuli movlenis winaaRmdeg brZolas
mniSvnelovnad uSlis xels.
danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis koncefciis Tanaxmad unda
gadawydes `qurduli samyaros wevris~ pasuxismge-
blobis sakiTxic (ssk-is 2231
-is me-2 naw.), rodesac piri
wevriandeba `qurdul organizaciaSi~ da man icis, rom
aRniSnuli organizacia kriminaluria, misi Tanxmoba
aRniSnuli organizaciis wevrobaze damTavrebul dana-
Sauls unda warmoadgendes.95
dasasruls SesaZlebelia iTqvs, rom `kanonieri qur-
disa~ da `qurdul samyarosTan dakavSirebuli~ piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba damyarebu-
lia maT qmedebaze. kerZod qurdul organizaciaSi gaw-
evrianebisas isini eTanxmebian aRniSnuli organizaciis
kriminalur saqmianobas, Cadenil da Casaden danaSau-
lebs, acxadeben moqmedebis mzadyofnas misi intere-
sebis Sesabamisad.
95
ix: g. naWyebia, marTlzomieri qmedebis meqanizmis monistu-
ri gagebis sakiTxisTvis. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
macne, samarTlis seria, 2005 w., #1, gv. 132-137.

548. 547
Tavi IITavi II
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuli
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori
& 1. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qur-
dobis sisxlissamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
postsabWoTa sivrceSi, da maT Soris saqarTveloSic,
ganviTarda organizebuli danaSaulobis memkvidreo-
biT miRebuli aseTi formebi, rogoricaa: qurduli
samyaros wevroba, romelic gamoixateba subieqtis or-
ganizaciulad aqtiur kavSirSi kriminaluri samyaros
gamousworebel elementebTan am ukanasknelTa danaSau-
lebrivi saqmianobisaTvis xelSewyobisa da aseT saqmi-
anobaSi uSualo monawileobis saxiT, agreTve kanonieri
qurdoba, romelic Tavisi arsiT warmoadgens subieqtis
mier misi aqtiuri danaSaulebrivi saqmianobidan gamom-
dinare `damsaxurebisa~ da danaSaulebriv samyaroSi
sayovelTaod da savaldebulod miRebuli tradiciebi-
sadmi misi uryevi erTgulebis Sedegad mopovebul anti-
socialur statuss, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs Tavisi
gavlena iqonios sxva damnaSaveebsa da danaSaulebrivi
samyarosadmi solidarulad ganwyobil sxva antiso-
cialur elementebze, raTa moaxdinos maTi Zalisxmevis
koncetrireba da saqmianobis warmarTva saerTo dana-
Saulebrivi miznebis misaRwevad.
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis

549. 548
Taobaze saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli sagamoZiebo
da sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisa da analizis mizans
warmoadgens aRniSnuli kategoriis danaSaulobasTan
brZolis efeqturobisa da xsenebuli praqtikis qveynis
SigniT moqmed kanonmdeblobasa Tu saerTaSoriso sa-
marTlebriv aqtebTan Sesabamisobis dadgena, agreTve,
saTanado rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba rogorc sakanon-
mdeblo, ise sagamoZiebo _ sasamarTlo praqtikis
daxvewa-gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT.
gansaxilveli kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebis Seswav-
lis Sedegebi warmodgenas gvaZlevs imis Taobaze, Tu ra
saxiT xorcieldeba realurad qurduli samyaros wev-
roba da kanonieri qurdoba, rac Tavis mxriv saSualebas
gvaZlevs ganvsazRvroT rogori praqtikuli nabijebi
unda gadaidgas am movlenebTan warmoebuli brZolis
efeqturobis asamaRleblad, agreTve, rogori sakanon-
mdeblo novaciebi iqneba optimaluri da sasargeblo
praqtikis amocanebisadmi Sesabamisi materialur-sa-
marTlebrivi da saproceso samarTlebrivi institute-
bis sruli adekvaturobis uzrunvelsayofad.
uwinaresad ganvixiloT sakiTxi _ Seswavlili saqmee-
bis mixedviT ra xasiaTis moqmedebebSi gamoixateba qur-
duli samyaros wevroba. Seswavlil sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebSi arsebuli sabraldebo daskvnebisa da ganaCen-
ebis mixedviT, qurduli samyaros wevroba gamoixateba
Semdeg moqmedebebsa da qcevebSi: subieqti cnobs da
aRiarebs qurdul samyaros; Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sa-
jarod gamoxatavs qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras;
cxovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesa-
bamisad; sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi sasjelis
moxdisas, aseve sasjelis moxdisa da gaTavisuflebis
Semdeg aqvs aqtiuri urTierToba da kavSiri kanonier

550. 549
qurdebTan; sxvebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri Tanamoq-
medebiT xels uwyobs qurduli samyaros miznebis ganx-
orcielebasa da qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis
gavrcelebas; monawileobs e.w. `obSiakis~ anu sasjelaR-
srulebis dawesebulebebSi myofi kanonieri qurdebisa
da qurduli tradiciebis mimdevari sxva pirebis dasax-
mareblad saWiro Tanxebis moqalaqeebisagan gamoZal-
vasa Tu sxva aralegaluri gzebiT Segrovebasa da daniS-
nulebisamebr miwodebaSi; gegmavs da awyobs saqmeebis
qurdul garCevas; sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi
myof kanonier qurdebsa da qurduli samyaros sxva war-
momadgenlebs exmareba aRniSnuli dawesebulebebis ga-
reT myof pirebTan kavSiris damyarebaSi, uzrunvely-
ofs maT maTTvis saintereso informaciebiTa da aseTi
informaciebis misaRebad saWiro saSualebebiT; materi-
alur da sxva saxis daxmarebas uwevs patimrobaSi myofi
kanonieri qurdebis ojaxis wevrebs; asrulebs kanonieri
qurdebis sxvadasxva davalebebs.
sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom dasaxelebuli moq-
medebebidan zogierTi maTganis Sinaarsi erTob zogadi
da bundovani formulirebiT aris gamoxatuli sabral-
debo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi, rac xels uSlis maTi ar-
sis zust da erTgvarovan gagebas. amasTan, saqmeSi arse-
bul arc sxva saproceso dokumentebSia mocemuli maTi
dazustebuli mniSvneloba. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom xsenebuli formulirebebi materialuri sisxlis
samarTlisnormebSicararisgansazRvrulida,rogorc
Cans, isini sagamoZiebo _ praqtikis muSakTa samarTal-
Semoqmedebis nayofs warmoadgens, romelic sasamarT-
loebis mier pirdapir iqna miRebuli da gaziarebuli.
magaliTisTvis SeiZleba iTqvas sabraldebo daskvnebsa
da ganaCenebSi miTiTebul qurduli samyaros wevrobis
iseT saxeebze, rogoricaa: `subieqti cnobs da aRiarebs

551. 550
qurdul samyaros~; `subieqti Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT
sajarod gamoxatavs qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaW-
eras~; `subieqti cxovrobs qurduli samyaros special-
uri wesebis Sesabamisad da xels uwyobs aseTi wesebis
gavrcelebas~; `subieqti gegmavs da awyobs specialuri
qurduli wesebiT saqmeebis garCevas~.
sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi ganviTarebuli
daskvniTi msjelobebi araviTar konkretikas ar Seicavs
imis Taobaze, Tu realurad ra moqmedebebs gulisx-
mobs piris mier qurduli samyaros cnoba da aRiareba,
qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeris sajarod gamox-
atva, qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebiT cxovreba,
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis gavrceleba da
sxva. amgvari, konkretul Sinaarss moklebuli formu-
lirebebi, romlebic sabraldebo daskvnebisa da gana-
Cenebis meSveobiT iuridiul Zalas iZenen, SeiZleba iqc-
nen erTgvar, faqtobrivad moqmed `kauCukis normebad~,
romelTa Sinaarsis survilisamebr gafarToeba da Se-
kumSva iqneba SesaZlebeli, rasac xels uwyobs Sesabami-
si sakanonmdeblo normebis Sinaarsobrivi ganusazRvr-
elobac (mxedvelobaSia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis 2231
-e muxli).
analogiuri problemebia dakavSirebuli iseTi qmedebis
Sinaarsis gansazRvrasTan, rogoricaa kanonieri qur-
doba.
sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi aRniSnulia,
rom pirma Caidina kanonieri qurdoba. Tu raSi gamoix-
ata aRniSnuli, amis Taobaze braldebis fabulaSi mo-
cemulia miTiTeba sxvadasxva, gansxvavebul faqtebze,
romelTa CamoTvla, rogorc wesi, iwyeba imaze miTiTe-
biT, rom dasaxelebuli piri qurdul Sekrebaze (e.w.

552. 551
`qurduli sxodka~) aRiarebul iqna kanonier qurdad.
amis Semdeg xsenebul sabraldebo dokumentebSi saubari
grZeldeba imis Taobaze, rom kanonier qurdad aRi-
arebis Semdeg igi sistematurad monawileobda qurdul
SekrebebSi, sadac ganixileboda kandidaturebi kanoni-
er qurdad aRiarebis mizniT, aseve sakiTxebi kanonieri
qurdebisTvis gavlenis sferoebis gadanawilebisa da
danaSaulTa Cadenis organizebis Taobaze, xels uwyobda
qurduli tradiciebis gavrcelebas, xelmZRvanelobda
qurduli samyaros wevrebis saqmianobas qurdul sala-
roSi (e.w. `obSiaki~) Tanxebis Sesagroveblad Tu sxva
davalebebis Sesasruleblad, aqvs mWidro kavSiri sxva
kanonier qurdebTan da kriminalur avtoritetebTan.
yvela sabraldebo daskvnasa da ganaCenSi, sadac ki mo-
cemulia fabulis aRwera imis Taobaze Tu raSi gamoix-
ata piris mier Cadenili kanonieri qurdoba, aucile-
blad aris miTiTebuli, rom aRniSnuli piri qurdebis
Sekrebaze (miaxloebiTi droisa da adgilis miTiTebiT)
aRiarebul iqna kanonier qurdad sxva kanonieri qurdis
an qurdebis mier, rom is aris qurduli tradiciebis
mimdevari da rom igi eweva cxovrebas specialuri qur-
duli wesebis Sesabamisad. marTalia, arc erT sabral-
debo daskvnasa da ganaCenSi ar aris mocemuli saqarT-
velos ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawilis, rogorc normis
Sinaarsobrivi ganmarteba, rasac eqneboda garkveuli
precedentuli mniSvneloba, magram im braldebaTa fab-
ulebidan gamomdinare, romlebic xsenebul sabralde-
bo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSia warmodgenili, mkafiod
ikveTeba is garemoeba, rom praqtikaSi dadgeniladaa
miCneuli Semdegi: kanonieri qurdoba, rogorc danaSau-
li, ar arsebobs am danaSaulis subieqtis qurduli we-
sebis dacviT sxva kanonieri qurdebis mier piris kanon-
ier qurdad aRiarebis gareSe.

553. 552
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aseTi piris kanonier qur-
dad `kurTxeva~ ar iqneboda miCneuli saqarTvelos ssk-
is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli Semad-
genlobis aucilebel elementad, maSin SeuZlebeli iqne-
boda kanonieri qurdobis Semadgenlobis gamijvna imave
muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemuli Semadgenlobis _
qurduli samyaros wevrobisgan, vinaidan, umravles Sem-
TxvevaSi piri, romelic miCneulia qurduli samyaros
wevrad, rogorc wesi, aris qurduli tradiciebis
matarebeli, Tavis moqmedebebsa da qcevebSi emorCile-
ba qurduli cxovrebis specialur wesebs, monawileobs
qurdul (kriminalur) garCevebSi da a.S. anu igi akeTebs
TiTqmis yvelafers, rasac e.w. kanonieri qurdi, magram
am ukanasknelisgan igi gansxvavdeba uflebebiT, rac
imas niSnavs, rom mas ar gaaCnia iseTi donisa da gavle-
nis mqone uflebrivi statusi kriminalur sferoSi,
rac aqvs kanonier qurds, magram aseT uflebriv sta-
tuss piri iRebs swored qurduli wesebis dacviT sxva,
saamisod uflebamosili kanonieri qurdebis mier misi
kanonier qurdad aRiarebis Sedegad.
calkeul SemTxvevaSi braldebas kanonieri qurdobis
Taobaze Tan axlavs aseve braldeba iseT danaSaulTa
Cadenis Taobaze, rogoricaa gamoZalva, iZuleba da
mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba, rac specifikuria qurduli cx-
ovrebisa da saqmianobisTvis. iSviaTad gvxvdeba aseve
braldeba iseT danaSaulTa Cadenis Taobaze, rogori-
caa narkotikuli saSualebis da cecxlsasroli ia-
raRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena, Senaxva da tareba,
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi moTavsebuli piris
mier akrZaluli sagnis Senaxva, tareba an/da aseTi sa-
gniT sargebloba, winaswari patimrobis an sasjelaR-
srulebis dawesebulebis saqmianobisTvis xelis SeSla
an am saqmianobis dezorganizacia, aRniSnuli daweseb-
ulebis administraciaze Tavdasxma an/da amave mizniT

554. 553
danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis Seqmna an aseT dajgufebaSi
aqtiuri monawileobis miReba.
aseTia qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qur-
dobis is ZiriTadi materialur-samarTlebrivi maxa-
siaTeblebi rac warmodgenilia aRniSnuli kategoriis
danaSaulTa Sesaxeb sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arsebul
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi.
aucileblad unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxlis pirvel da me-2 nawilebis dispoziciebSi arse-
buli gansazRvrebebis Sesaxeb, romlebSic mocemulia
gansaxilveli kategoriis danaSaulTa mxolod dasax-
eleba. sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom aRniSnuli mux-
lis saTaurs sityvasityviT emTxveva am muxlis nawi-
lebSi mocemuli dispoziciebis teqstebi. zemoT ukve
iyo aRniSnuli, rom aseTi forma xsenebul sisxlissa-
marTlebriv normas aZlevs kauCukis Tvisebas, rac imas
niSnavs, rom misi Sinaarsi, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi am
normis sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebisas, SeiZleba
survilisamebr iqnes gafarToebuli an daviwrovebuli.
materialuri sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis ker-
Zo nawilisTvis ucxo ar aris iseTi normebis arseboba,
romelTa dispoziciebs aqvT zogadi Sinaarsobrivi
gansazRvruloba, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva iseT da-
naSaulebriv qmedebaTa kvalifikaciisTvis, romlebic
ver Tavsdebian kodeqsis kerZo nawilis specialur nor-
maTa farglebSi. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba davasaxeloT
samoxeleo danaSaulTa Semadgenlobebi, romlebic mo-
cemulia saqarTvelos ssk-is 332-e (samsaxureobrivi
uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba), 333-e (samsax-
ureobrivi uflebamosilebis gadameteba) da 341-e (sam-
saxurebrivi gulgriloba) muxlebis pirvel nawilebSi.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi moipoveba

555. 554
iseTi normebic, romelTa dispoziciebi amoiwureba
mxolod qmedebis dasaxelebiT, misi Semadgenlobis
niSnebze miTiTebisa da Sinaarsis gadmocemis gareSe.
magaliTad, aseTia saqarTvelos ssk-is 108-e (ganzrax
mkvleloba) da 358-e (mobilizaciiT gawvevisTvis Tavis
arideba) muxlebis dispoziciebi.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul da-
naSaulTa Semadgenlobis zogierTi elementis Sinaarsi
ganmartebulia `organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi, romelic saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier miRebul iqna da amoqmedda saqarT-
velos ssk-is 2231
-emuxlTan erTad. miTiTebuli kanonis
me-3 muxlis me-4 punqti `kanonieri qurdis~ cnebas Sem-
degnairad ganmartavs: `qurduli samyaros wevri, ro-
melic qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamis-
ad, nebismieri formiT marTavs an/da organizebas uwevs
qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.~ imave mux-
lis pirveli punqti `qurduli samyaros~ cnebas ganmar-
tavs Semdegi saxiT: `pirTa nebismieri erToba, romelic
moqmedebsmaTmierdadgenili(aRiarebuli)specialuri
wesebis Sesabamisad da romlis mizania daSinebiT, muqa-
riT, iZulebiT, dumilis pirobebiT, qurduli garCevis
gziT, danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi arasrulwlovanTa Cab-
miT, danaSaulis CadeniT an danaSaulis Cadenisken waqe-
zebiT misi wevrebisTvis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis
miReba.~ aRniSnuli muxlis pirveli punqti ase ganmar-
tavs `qurduli samyaros wevris~ cnebas: `nebismieri
piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aqtiurad
moqmedebs qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad~.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, ar SeiZleba gamarTlebulad
iqnes miCneuli qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanon-

556. 555
ieri qurdobis Sesaxeb moqmed sisxlis samarTlis kan-
onis muxlSi dispoziciis gansazRvrebis Semofargvla
mxolod aRniSnuli qmedebebis dasaxelebiT, radgan
zemoxsenebul samoxeleo danaSaulTa ganmsazRvreli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi normebi, marTalia, zogadi xasi-
aTisaa, magram maTSi mainc aris warmodgenili qmedebis
kriminalizaciis garkveuli kriteriumebi anu misi
Semadgenlobis damafuZnebeli ZiriTadi niSnebi. rac
Seexeba zemoT aRniSnul im Semadgenlobebs, romlebic
Sesabamis normaSi mxolod qmedebis dasaxelebiT aris
gamoxatuli (magaliTad, saqarTvelos ssk-is 108-e mux-
li _ ganzrax mkvleloba), unda aRiniSnos, rom aq saqme
gvaqvs iseT klasikur sisxlissamarTlebriv qmedebas-
Tan, romlis arsi sayovelTaod cxadi da gasagebia iu-
ridiuli ganaTlebis armqone nebismieri adamianisaTvi-
sac ki, ris gamoc aRniSnuli qmedeba kanonSi damatebiT
ganmartebas aRar saWiroebs.
amaTgan sruliad gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba gvaqvs
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis
sakanonmdeblo gansazRvrebasTan mimarTebiT, rom-
lebic sakanonmdeblo siaxles warmoadgens da romelTa
Sinaarsobrivi mniSvneloba aramcTu nebismieri mo-
qalaqisTvis aramed gamocdili specialistebisTvisac
(kriminalistebi, kriminologebi Tu sxva) ki, friad bun-
dovani da Znelad gasagebia, romelic davis sagans war-
moadgens. aRniSnulma garemoebam SesaZloa praqtikaSi
gamoiwvios is, rom qurdul samyarosTan kavSirSi eWvmi-
tanil pirTan nebismieri aramiznobrivi, uneblie Sexeba
da urTierTobac ki, SeiZleba gaxdes subieqtisTvis pa-
suxismgeblobis dakisrebis safuZveli, rac mTlianad
iqneba damokidebuli samarTaldamcavi struqturis
Sesabamis uflebamosil muSakTa subieqtur Sexedule-
baze, radgan zemoxsenebul `organizebuli danaSauli-

557. 556
sa da reketis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi mocemuli
Sesabamisi cnebebis gansazRvrebebi erTob amorfulia.
amitom, iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis
kanonSi kriminalizebulma qmedebam Tavisi SinaarsiTa
da mniSvnelobiT SesaZlebelia sruliad gansxvavebuli
interpretaciebi gamoiwvios, rac pirdapir aisaxeba
sasamarTlo praqtikaze da adamianTa bedze, ar aris sa-
surveli, rom aseTi qmedebis kriminalizaciisas kanon-
mdebeli Semoifarglos sisxlis samarTlebriv normaSi
mxolod qmedebis dasaxelebiT, aramed aucilebelia,
rom normis dispoziciaSi SeZlebisdagvarad amomwura-
vad iyos warmodgenili qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sinaar-
sis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebi.
garda amisa, gverds ver avuvliT agreTve gansaxilveli
qmedebebis saxeldebisTvis gamoyenebuli terminolo-
giis sakiTxs, romelTa zust da adekvatur gamoxatvas
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imis dasadgenad arsebobs Tu
ara realuri da dasabuTebuli samarTlebrivi safuZve-
li pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisTvis. terminologi-
uri novacia iseT mniSvnelovan sakanonmdeblo aqtSi,
rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli, Tu arsebobs
misi gamoyenebis gardauvali aucilebloba da amave
dros misi Sinaarsobrivi mniSvnelobis gageba ar aris
dakavSirebuli gansakuTrebul sirTulesTan saSualo
inteleqtualuri donis mqone adamianisTvis. Tuki am
moTxovnebs legitimurad miviCnevT, maSin SeiZleba isic
aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxlis pirveli
nawilis dispozicia terminologiuri gamarTulobis
TvalsazrisiTac ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, rac
bunebrivad waeyeneba nebismier sisxlissamarTlebriv
normas misi daniSnulebis mniSvnelobidan gamomdin-
are. SemTxveviTi ar aris is garemoeba, rom sabraldebo

558. 557
daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi Tu sxva mniSvnelovan sapro-
ceso aqtebSi, romlebic xsenebuli kategoriis dana-
SaulTa Taobaze warmoebul sisxlis samarTlis saqmee-
bSi moipoveba, marTalia, ase Tu ise, ama Tu im formiT
axnilia raSi gamoixateboda qurduli samyaros wev-
roba, magram, amasTan, braldebis fabulis aRweriloba
saerTod ar emTxveva im niSnebs, romlebic mocemulia
xsenebuli specialuri kanonis normebSi `qurduli sa-
myaros~ Sesaxeb, romlis wevrobac pirs bralad edeba.
garkveul uxerxulobebs iwvevs aseve saqarTvelos ssk-
is 2231
muxlis me-2 nawilSi gamoyenebuli iseTi termi-
nologiuri siaxle, rogoricaa `kanonieri qurdoba~.
advili misaxvedria, rom es termini gamomdinareobs Cve-
ni sazogadoebis erT, kriminaluri mentalobis mqone
nawilSi gavrcelebuli da damkvidrebuli iseTi cne-
bidan rogoricaa `kanonieri qurdi~. zemoT aRniSnuli
iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom specialurma kanonma `organize-
buli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ da sagamoZiebo
da sasamarTlo praqtikam ukve warmoaCina _ ras niS-
navs iyo kanonieri qurdi anu piris maxasiaTebeli ro-
gori atributika moiazreba am cnebaSi. cxadia, rogorc
yovelTvis, praqtikas Tavisi konkretuli amocanebi
aqvs gadasawyveti da amis gamo, man SesaZloa, calkeul
uxerxulobebs, rac braldebis formulirebaSi gamoy-
enebuli sakanonmdeblo kategoriebis terminologiur
problemebs ukavSirdeba, naklebad gauwios angariSi,
magram aRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT, kanonmdebelma,
roca is sakanonmdeblo normis dispozicias ayalibebs,
msgavs uxerxulobebs yvela SesaZlo saSualebiT unda
aaridos Tavi.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebul sakanonmdeblo
normaSi gamoyenebuli termini `kanonieri qurdoba~ da

559. 558
`kanonieri qurdi~ nasesxebia kriminaluri element-
ebis leqsikonidan, rac ver CaiTvleba terminologiuri
problemis gadawyvetis misaReb gzad da saSualebad,
radgan amiT xdeba, erTi mxriv, kriminaluri leqsikisa
da, maSasadame, TviT kriminaluri elementebis erTgvari
popularizacia, xolo meore mxriv, arc is aris gamor-
icxuli, rom man, SesaZloa, saTave daudos garkveul
samarTlebriv Seusabamobebs da gaugebrobebs, rac er-
Tob arasasurvelia.
saqme isaa, rom Tavis droze termini `kanonieri~ miisa-
kuTra damnaSaveTa wrem, raSic gamoixata aRniSnuli
wrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ukiduresad cinikuri damok-
idebuleba da Tavxedoba kanonmorCili sazogadoebisa
da TviT kanonis, rogorc saxelmwifos safuZvelTa sa-
fuZvlis mimarT. amasTan, am gziT kriminaluri elemen-
tebi cdiloben daakninon sazogadoebis marTlSegneba
da sazogadoebis warmodgenaSi erTgvari legitimacia
gaukeTon danaSaulebriv saqmianobasa da qurdobis in-
stituts, negatiuri gavlena moaxdinon axalgazrdobis,
gansakuTrebiTkimozardiTaobissocialuradjerkidev
moumwifebel da Camouyalibebel fsiqikaze, Seucvalon
mas RirebulebiTi orientacia da am gziT gadaaqcion igi
kriminaluri sferos mudmiv mkvebav wyarod.
termini `kanonieri~ nebismier SemTxvevaSi calsaxad
gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mier ama Tu im formiT ofi-
cialurad daSvebuls, miRebuls, nebadarTuls da sxva
analogiuri Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis mqone movlenas,
rac sruli antipodia ara mxolod yovelgvari danaSau-
lebrivis, aramed nebismieri kanonsawinaaRmdego da mar-
TlsawinaaRmdego Sinaarsisa Tu datvirTvis mqone mov-
lenisa. amdenad, termin `kanonieris~ qurdTan mimarTe-
baSi Tundac pirobiTad gamoyeneba ar aris sasurveli da

560. 559
gamarTlebuli, ris gamoc gansaxilveli kriminaluri
movlenis arsis gadmosacemad aucilebelia iseTi ter-
minis SerCeva, romelic Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo nor-
mis daniSnulebisa da mniSvnelobis adekvaturi iqneba,
amasTan, romliTac moxerxdeba xsenebuli antisocial-
uri qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdego arsis srulyofilad
warmoCena. sakanonmdeblo normis amgvari srulyofa,
Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs sasamarTlo praqtikis Semd-
gom daxvewasa da ganviTarebas, aRniSnuli xasiaTis dan-
aSaulebTan brZolaSi kanonierebis ganuxrelad dacvas.
rogorc aRiniSna, gansaxilvel danaSaulebTan dakav-
SirebiT garkveuli terminologiuri problemebi damax-
asiaTebelia ara mxolod kanonmdeblobisaTvis, aramed
sasamarTlo praqtikisTvisac. mxedvelobaSia Semdegi
garemoeba: qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis danaSaulTa saqmeebSi arsebul sabraldebo
daskvnebSi, ganaCenebsa Tu sxva saproceso dokumenteb-
Si gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva iseTi termini, romelTa
ganmartebis uqonlobam SeiZleba gaurkvevloba gamoi-
wvios pirisaTvis wardgenil braldebaSi. magaliTad,
praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli aseTi terminebia _ `qurduli
saerTo~, `saknis mayurebeli~, `qurduli (kriminaluri)
garCeva~, `qurduli tradicia~, `qurduli wesebi~ da
sxva, romelTa Sinaarsis daudgenlad pirisTvis wardge-
nili braldeba garkveuli bundovanebis Semcveli iqne-
ba. iseTi termini, rogoricaa `qurduli saerTo~, war-
moadgens rusuli terminis `obSiak~-is pirdapir eno-
briv Targmans da ara samarTlebrivad adekvatur Targ-
mans. sinamdvileSi, masSi igulisxmeba qurdebisa Tu sxva
kriminaluri elementebis mier Seqmnili da maTsave kon-
trols daqvemdebarebuli erTgvari salaro, romelSic
grovdeba danaSaulebrivi gzebiT Segrovebuli fuladi
Tanxebi, gankuTvnili danaSaulebrivi miznebis misaRw-

561. 560
evad, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa termini _ `qur-
duli salaroc~ pirobiTi xasiaTis iyos, magram bevrad
ufro gasagebia, vidre `qurduli saerTo~. ase rom, qur-
duli samyaros wevrobasTan da kanonier qurdobasTan
mimarTebiT terminologiur daxvewas saWiroebs ara
marto sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, aramed, mas-
Tan erTad, sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikac.
yovelive zemoTqmulTan erTad, aRsaniSnavia is gare-
moebac, rom TviT sakanonmdeblo normaSi (mxedvelo-
baSia saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
-e muxli) ar aris raime
miTiTeba masze, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom qurduli sa-
myaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdoba Cadenil iqnes
raime makvalificirebel garemoebebSi, romelTa Tao-
baze miTiTeba gvxvdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
kerZo nawilis sxva muxlebSi (magaliTisTvis SeiZleba
davasaxeloT saqarTvelos ssk-is 177-e, 178-e, 179-e, 180-
e, 181-e muxlebi da sxva). es garemoeba, mocemul SemTx-
vevaSi, sayuradReboa imdenad, ramdenadac winamdebare
kvlevisTvis, dasaxuli miznebidan gamomdinare, qurdu-
li samyaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdoba interesis
sagans warmoadgenen, rogorc organizebuli danaSau-
lis formebi.
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis
danaSaulTa Taobaze warmoebul sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebSi warmodgenili sabraldebo daskvnebi da gana-
Cenebi arafers miuTiTeben maT Sesaxeb, rogorc orga-
nizebul danaSaulebze, Tumca aRniSnul dokumentebSi
braldebis fabula Camoyalibebulia iseTi SinaarsiT,
rom sruliad araorazrovnad igulisxmeba damnaSaveTa
qmedebis organizebuli xasiaTi. aRniSnulis dasadas-
tureblad SeiZleba mieTiTos Semdeg magaliTebze: q.u.-
s da sxvaTa braldebis saqmeze dadgenil ganaCenSi, rom-
liTac maT brali daedoT qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi,

562. 561
miTiTebulia Semdegi: q.u. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi
moTavsebuli `saknis mayureblis~ _ S.a.-s sityvieri
davalebiT organizebas uwevda sakanSi myofi sxva patim-
rebis ojaxis wevrebisagan qurduli samyaros wesebiT
aRiarebul qurdul saerToSi Sesatani Tanxebis Seg-
rovebas, agreTve mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobisT-
vis pirobebis Sesaqmnelad saWiro Tanxebis Segrovebas.
igi miTiTebuli miznebiT sxvadasxva dros Segrovebul
fulad Tanxebs gadascemda z.C.-s (aRniSnuli sasje-
laRsrulebis dawesebulebis moxele), romelic Tavis
mxriv, aRniSnul Tanxebs qurduli samyaros miznebis
gansaxorcieleblad gadascemda patimar S.a.-s. amasTan,
q.u. mis mier qurduli `obSiakis~ Segrovebuli Tanxebis
nawils S.a.-s miTiTebiT itovebda TavisTan misgan miRe-
buli calkeuli davalebebis Sesasruleblad.
z.k-s braldebis saqmeSi arsebul sabraldebo daskvnasa
da ganaCenSi, romelsac brali daedo kanonieri qurdo-
bis CadenaSi, miTiTebulia Semdegi: z.k. 1971 wels Tbi-
lisSi, qurdul Sekrebaze _ e.w. `qurdul sxodkaze~ aw
gardacvlili kanonieri qurdis _ a.m.-s mier aRiare-
bul iqna kanonier qurdad. amis Semdeg igi sistemat-
urad iRebda monawileobas sxvadasxva kriminalur
garCevebSi, romelic dRemde agrZelebs kanonier qur-
dobas, amJamadac aRiarebs ra qurdul tradiciebs da
monawileobs qurdul Sekrebebsa da `garCevebSi~. misi
iniciativiT, saqarTveloSi ewyoboda qurduli Sekre-
bebi _ `qurduli sxodkebi~, romlebic imarTeboda sxva
kriminaluri avtoritetebis kanonier qurdad aRiare-
bis mizniT, aseve kanonieri qurdebisaTvis gavlenis sf-
eroebis gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis
dasaregulireblad da sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulebrivi
sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. mis davalebebs saqarTvelo-
Si emorCilebian qurduli samyaros wevrebi.

563. 562
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs,
rom is pirebi, romlebic TavianT Tavs akuTvneben qur-
dul samyaros (igulisxmebian mentalurad Camoyalibe-
buli qurduli samyaros wevrebi da kanonieri qurdebi),
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, TavianT saqmianobaSi gamoirCe-
vian maRali organizebulobiT _ aRniSnuli saqmiano-
bis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro myari organizaciuli
struqturebis CamoyalibebiT, urTierTSoris funqcie-
bis gadanawilebiT, agreTve calkeuli danaSaulebrivi
aqciebis zedmiwevniTi dagegmviTa da mkacri discip-
liniT. cxadia, aseT pirobebSi verc qurduli samyaros
wevroba da verc kanonieri qurdoba ver moiazreba am
danaSaulebSi braldebuli piris sxva damnaSaveTa orga-
nizaciul gaerTianebasTan mWidro kavSir-urTierTo-
bis gareSe. sxvagvarad rom iTqvas, qurduli samyaros
wevrobac da kanonieri qurdobac TavianTi imanenturi
bunebiT, aucileblobiT gulisxmoben maT arsebobas
organizebuli danaSaulis formiT, ris gamoc aseT vi-
TarebaSi gamoricxulia kanonmdeblis mier sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlSi
gadidebuli sasjelis daweseba aRniSnul danaSaulTa
CadenisTvis organizebuli jgufis mier, rac samarT-
lebrivad sruliad gaumarTlebeli iqneboda.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sruliad naTelia, rom
miTiTebuli samarTlebrivi Seusabamobisa da xarveze-
bisa Tu terminologiuri problemebis gamosaswore-
blad, agreTve sakanonmdeblo normebSi mocemuli
cnebebisa da kategoriebis praqtikasTan daaxloebis
mizniT, aucilebelia saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxlis
iseTi axali redaqciis SemuSaveba da miReba, romelic
daakmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, rac kargad gamarTul
sakanonmdeblo normas waeyeneba da romelTa Sesaxeb ze-
moT ukve iyo saubari. aseTi sakanonmdeblo normis Se-

564. 563
muSavebisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes is garemoeba,
rom qurduli samyaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdobac
ukavSirdeba kriminalur elementebs Soris garkveuli
organizaciuli kavSiris aucilebel arsebobas, romlis
gareSe verc erTi maTgani ver iarsebebs. Tuki am kavSir-
urTierTobebma saTanado asaxva ver hpova Sesabamis
kanonSi, maSin miTiTebul antisocialur movlenasTan
srulfasovani brZolis warmoeba uTuod gaZneldeba.
yovelive aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos
ssk-is 2231
muxlis axali redaqciis erT-erTi varianti
SeiZleba Semdegi saxiT iqnes warmodgenili:
muxli 2231
. danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis Seqmna da
mis saqmianobaSi monawileoba
1. danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis Seqmna, romelic
xasiaTdeba misi wevrebis myari organizaciuli
kavSiriT da romlis mizania xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi gaerTianebis wevrTa erToblivi
saqmianobis organizeba sxvadasxva danaSaulTa
Casadenad an Cadenil danaSaulTa dafarvisT-
vis, an/da aseTi gaerTianebis xelmZRvaneloba,
agreTve iZulebiT an sxva gziT piris dayolieba
aRniSnuli gaerTianebis wevrobaze, mis saqmiano-
baSi monawileobis miRebaze, an masTan sxvagvarad
TanamSromlobisTvis, _ isjeba...
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis wevroba, agreTve winaswari
SecnobiT aseTi gaerTianebis saqmianobaSi monaw-
ileobis miReba an danaSaulebrivi mizniT masTan sx-
vagvarad TanamSromloba, _ isjeba...
3. ammuxlispirvelnawilSimiTiTebulidanaSaulebri-
vi gaerTianebis wevris monawileoba kriminaluri Tu
sxva ukanono davebis gadawyvetaSi, agreTve misi sx-
vagvari saqmianoba, mimarTuli mis mier gaerTianebis

565. 564
sxva wevrebze gavlenisa da specialuri privilegi-
uri statusis mosapoveblad an/da gaerTianebis sxva
wevrisTvis aseTive statusis misaniWeblad, dakav-
Sirebuli aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTiane-
bis wevrobisTvis savaldebulod aRiarebuli spe-
cialuri danaSaulebrivi wesebis, ritualebisa Tu
tradiciis aRsrulebasTan, mxardaWerasa da gavr-
celebasTan, riTac safrTxes uqmnis sazogadoebriv
uSiSroebasa da marTlwesrigs, _ isjeba...
saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxlis axali redaqciis war-
modgenili varianti, marTalia, SeiZleba ar iyos daz-
Rveuli sadavo momentebisgan, magram moqmedi sakanon-
mdeblo normisgan gansxvavebiT, masSi mocemulia mTeli
rigi kriteriumebisa, romlebic sagamoZiebo da sa-
samarTlo praqtikis TvalsazrisiT gaxdebian sasarge-
blo orientirebi piris mier Cadenili qmedebis inkri-
minirebisa da kvalifikaciis sworad gansazRvrisTvis,
agreTve monaTesave bunebis mqone iseTi sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi deliqtebisgan misi gamijvnisTvis, rogori-
caa ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna an xelmZ-
Rvaneloba an masSi monawileoba anda misi dafinanseba
(ssk-is 223-e muxli), banditizmi (ssk-is 224-e muxli) da
reketul dajgufebaSi monawileoba (ssk-is 2241
-e mux-
li).

566. 565
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori
& 2. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qur-
dobis saproceso samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli da-
naSaulebi _ qurduli samyaros wevroba da kanonieri
qurdoba interess iwveven ara mxolod materialuri
samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, aramed, aseve, sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis TvalsazrisiTac. am mimarTebiT saga-
moZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arsebuli sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebis Seswavlam aCvena, rom aRniSnuli
kategoriis saqmeebze braldebis dadastureba mniS-
vnelovan problemebTan aris dakavSirebuli, rasac ga-
napirobebs rogorc obieqturi, ise subieqturi mizeze-
bi. obieqtur mizezebad, romlebic aZneleben xsenebuli
danaSaulis gamovlenasa da dadgenas, SeiZleba miviCnioT
Semdegi: qurduli samyaros wevrebisa da kanonieri qur-
debis saqmianobis Zalze konspiraciuli xasiaTi; maTi
organizaciis rigebSi informatoris moZiebis an gare-
dan misi Canergvis siZnele; maTi danaSaulebrivi qmede-
bebis Semswre mowmeebisa da dazaralebulebis SiSi mxile-
buli da dakavebuli damnaSavis ukan mdgari kriminaluri
elementebisgan mosalodneli SurisZiebis mimarT, ris ga-
moc isini Tavs arideben braldebis mowmed gamosvlasa da
braldebis mxardaWeras an/da sasamarTloSi cvlian Cvene-
bebs gansasjelTa sasargeblod; samarTaldamcavi struq-
turebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebiTi informaciis
arasrulfasovneba im TvalsazrisiT, rom igi moklebulia
konkretul xasiaTs da mxolod zogadad miuTiTebs dana-
Saulebrivi faqtebis SesaZlo arsebobaze.
garda amisa, arsebobs garkveuli subieqturi faqtore-

567. 566
bic, romlebic arTuleben qurduli samyaros wev-
robasTan da kanonier qurdobasTan brZolas. aseT faq-
torebs miekuTvneba: vinaidan ganxilul danaSaulTa
kriminalizaciidan mcire droa gasuli, jer kidev
samarTaldamcavi struqturebis muSakebisa da mosa-
marTleebis saTanado gamocdilebis uqonloba saqme-
Ta srulyofili warmoebisTvis; sazogadoebaSi mar-
TlSegnebis da kriminalur movlenebTan brZolis gan-
wyobilebis sisuste; calkeul SemTxvevaSi saqmisadmi
zerele damokidebuleba mtkicebulebebis mopovebisa
da damagrebis procesSi; aRniSnul danaSaulTa Camdeni
kriminaluri elementebis mravalwliani profesiuli
gamocdileba, rac maT saSualebas aZlevs Tavi aaridon
danaSaulSi mxilebas da gavlena iqonion mowmeebsa da
dazaralebulebze; mocemuli kategoriis saqmeebis war-
moebisassisxlissamarTlissaprocesokanonmdeblobis
SesabamisinormebiTdadgenilmoTxovnaTadaucveloba,
rac iwvevs mtkicebulebaTa bazis Sesustebas.
dasaxelebuli faqtorebis erToblivi moqmedeba Zalze
negatiur daRs asvams mocemuli kategoriis saqmeebze
arsebul sasamarTlo praqtikas, rac saWiroebs am mi-
marTebiT yuradRebis gaZlierebas, raTa, erTi mxriv,
qurduli samyaros wevrobasa da kanonier qurdobasTan
brZolis praqtika gaxdes ufro efeqturi, xolo meore
mxriv, saqmeTa warmoebisas maqsimalurad iqnes daculi
procesis monawileTa saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da
saproceso kanoniT garantirebuli uflebebi.
rac Seexeba konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan
dakavSirebul problemebs, unda aRiniSnos Semdegi:
Tuki ganvazogadebT, umetes SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi
nakli mdgomareobs masSi, rom pirisTvis Seracxuli
braldeba Semoifargleba mxolod Zalze zogadi for-

568. 567
mulirebebiT, sadac aRniSnulia qurduli samyaros
wevris an kanonieri qurdis kriminalur saqmianobaze,
maT kriminalur damnaSaveTa sferoSi urTierTobebsa
da kavSirebze, maT kriminalur avtoritetebad aRiare-
baze, kriminalur wreebSi maT gavlenebze da a.S., rac
miCneulia maTi braleulobis damadasturebel faq-
tobriv garemoebebad. magram aRniSnuli msjelobebiT
ar aris dazustebuli rodis, sad, ra viTarebaSi da vis
mimarT xdeboda msjavrdebulTa mier maTTvis bralad
Seracxuli qmedebebis Cadena. am moments ki arsebi-
Ti mniSvneloba gaaCnia pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis
kanonierebis TvalsazrisiT, radgan qurduli samyaros
wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobisTvis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba, rogorc cnobilia, dawesda
2006 wlis dasawyisidan, xolo TiTqmis yvela saqmeSi
aRniSnulia, rom pasuxisgebaSi mocemuli da msjavrdeb-
uli piri kanonier qurdad aRiarebul iqna bevrad ufro
adre, kerZod, gasuli saukunis 70-ian, 80-ian da 90-ian
wlebSi, xolo braldebis mowmeebi romelTa umetes
nawils policiis organoebisa da sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebaTa muSakebi warmoadgenen, ver iZlevian
dazustebul informacias Tu rodis, ra periodSi axor-
cielebda gansasjeli im qmedebebsa Tu saqmianobas, rac
safuZvlad daedo mis mimarT wardgenil braldebas, vis
mimarT iqna Cadenili aRniSnuli qmedebebi, an saidan,
ra gziTa da visi meSveobiT gaxda mowmisTvis cnobili
gansasjelis kriminaluri saqmianobis Taobaze. amis
gamo braldebis mowmeTa CvenebebSi xSirad gvxvdeba gam-
onaTqvamebi imis Sesaxeb, rom gansasjelis kriminaluri
saqmianobis Taobaze misTvis cnobilia sazogadoebaSi
gavrcelebuli xmebiT, kriminalur wreebSi damkvidre-
buli azriT da a.S., romelTa faqtobrivi dadastureba
TiTqmis ar xdeba.

569. 568
qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis msjavrdebuli pire-
bidan SeiZleba gamovyoT ori kategoria: 1) pirebi,
romlebic mWidrod arian dakavSirebulni kriminalur
wreebTan rogorc TavianTi cxovrebis wesiT, ise Tavi-
anTi RirebulebiTi orientaciiT da aqtiur monawileo-
bas iReben kriminalur saqmianobaSi; 2) pirebi, romleb-
sac, marTalia, hqondaT garkveuli Sexeba kriminalur
wresTan da mis warmomadgenlebTan, magram umetesad
es xdeboda maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod, romlebic ver
axerxebdnen win aRdgomodnen kriminaluri elementebi-
sgan momdinare zewolas, ris gamoc isini gvevlinebian
rogorc uneblie xelSemwyobebi kriminalur avto-
ritetTa kanonsawinaaRmdego saqmianobisa. amitom, Sei-
Zleba iTqvas, rom am meore kategoriis pirTa moxsenieba
qurduli samyaros wevrebad, pirobiTi xasiaTisaa. amis
magaliTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT erT-erT samarSruto
xazze momuSave mikroavtobusebis mZRolebis _ s.s.-s,
r.o.-s, v.m.-sa da sxvaTa braldebis saqme, romlebidanac
yovelTviurad xdeboda garkveuli fuladi Tanxebis
Segroveba kriminaluri avtoritetis, vinme m.a.-s mier,
romelsac akrefili Tanxebi Sehqonda qurdul salaro-
Si _ e.w. `obSiakSi~ sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi
myofi kanonieri qurdebisa da sxva kriminaluri avto-
ritetebis dasaxmareblad.
garda aRniSnulisa, qurduli samyaros wevrobasTan da-
kavSirebiT yuradRebas iqcevs sagamoZiebo praqtikis
araerTgvarovani midgoma erTi da igive qmedebis Camde-
ni sxvadasxva pirebis mimarT. aq mxedvelobaSia Semdegi
garemoeba: rogorc zemoT aRiniSna erT-erT saqmeze sa-
marSruto xazze momuSave ramdenime mikroavtobusis mZ-
Rolebi micemul iqnen pasuxisgebaSi qurduli samyaros
wevrobis braldebiT, imis gamo, rom maTgan ikrifeboda

570. 569
Tanxebi qurdul salaroSi Sesatanad, romelic gadaec-
emoda kriminalur avtoritets. imave saqmeSi figurire-
ben sxva mZRolebic, romlebic aseve iZleodnen Tanxebs
kriminaluri avtoritetisTvis, magram isini ar yo-
filan micemulni pasuxisgebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom
am ukanasknelebs ar ganucxadebiaT xsenebuli Tanxebis
maTgan iZulebiT warTmevis Sesaxeb. ufro metic, piri,
romelic uSualod xelmZRvanelobda mZRolebisgan
Tanxebis Sekrebas, xolo mogrovil Tanxas gadascemda
kriminalur avtoritets, aseve ar yofila micemuli
pasuxisgebaSi. analogiuri qmedebebis Camdeni pirebi-
sadmi arastandartuli midgoma mJRavndeba kidev erT,
mravalbraldebulian saqmeSi. erT-erTi braldebulis
Zma pasuxisgebaSi iqna micemuli qurduli samyaros wev-
robisTvis imis gamo, rom man Seasrula dapatimrebuli
Zmis SemoTvlili Txovna misTvis garkveuli Tanxis gag-
zavnis Taobaze, maSin, rodesac imave saqmeSi monawile
sxva braldebulis deda, romelmac dapatimrebul Svils
gaugzavna Tanxa qurduli salarosTvis, ar iqna micemu-
li pasuxisgebaSi miuxedavad imisa, rom misTvis cnobili
iyo SvilisTvis gagzavnili Tanxis daniSnuleba.
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis
Taobaze warmoebul saqmeebSi gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxveve-
bic, rodesac sagamoZiebo organos mier ar iqna srulad
gamoyenebuli saproceso kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
SesaZleblobebi mtkicebulebebis mopovebisa da misi
damagrebisTvis. magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeSi mtkice-
bulebad miTiTebulia kriminalur elementebs Soris
warmoebuli satelefono saubris faruli Canaweri,
magram SemdegSi ar iqna Catarebuli fonogramiuli
eqspertiza xmis identifikaciis mizniT, ris gamoc

571. 570
aRniSnuli mtkicebuleba dacvis mier, arcTu usafuZ-
vlod, sadavod iqna gamxdari. sxva SemTxvevaSi gana-
CenSi miTiTebulia, rom erT-erTma kanonierma qurdma
ucxoeTidan daureka mniSvnelovani samarTaldamcavi
struqturis erT-erT pasuxismgebel pirs, romelsac
ganucxada, rom is aris kanonieri qurdi da iTxovs kanon-
ieri qurdebis devnis Sewyvetas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
mTeli qurduli samyaro gaerTiandeba samarTaldam-
cavi organoebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad kanonieri
qurdobis dasacavad. xsenebuli mowmis Cveneba ise iqna
miRebuli mtkicebulebad, rom ar iqna Semowmebuli da
dadgenili: romeli qveynidan ganxorcielda satelefo-
no zari; romeli ucxouri mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis
kompaniis qselis meSveobiT ganxorcielda satelefono
zari dasaxelebuli mowmis nomerze; rogori iyo zaris
ganmaxorcielebeli telefonis monacemebi _ nomeri da
kodi; vis sakuTrebad iricxeboda aRniSnuli telefoni
an vis mflobelobaSi iyo igi zaris ganxorcielebisas,
razedac samarTlianad miuTiTebda dacvis mxare.
gansaxilveli kategoriis saqmeebis sasamarTlo ganxil-
vebisas gvxvdeba iseTi calkeuli darRvevac, romelic
xels uSlis dacvis mxares masSi, rom srulfasovnad
daicvas gansasjelis uflebebi da kanonieri intere-
sebi. magaliTad, erT-erTi saqmis ganxilvisas dacvis
mxarem saproceso normebis dacviT daayena Suamdgom-
loba dacvis damatebiTi mowmeebis dakiTxvis Taobaze,
razedac sasamarTlos mier uari eTqva im motiviT, rom
aRniSnul mowmeTa dakiTxva xels ver Seuwyobda saqmeze
WeSmaritebis dadgenas, riTac dairRva ara marto sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso normebiT, aramed saqarT-
velos konstituciiTa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb

572. 571
evropuli konvenciiT aRiarebuli uflebebi. sxva SemTx-
vevaSi sasamarTlos mier ar iqna dakmayofilebuli dac-
vis Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobaze,
romelTan dakavSirebiTac damcveli miuTiTebda, rom
mtkicebulebis saqmesTan Sesaxeboba ar iyo dadgenili
daqtiloskopiuri da fiziko-teqnikuri eqspertizebis
meSveobiT. sasamarTlom uaris Tqmis safuZvlad is mo-
tivi miuTiTa, rom dacvis mxares SeeZlo TviTon Caeta-
rebina saWiro eqspertizebi mtkicebulebasTan dakav-
SirebiT, riTac faqtobrivad dacvis mxares gadaakisra
mtkicebis movaleoba, rac sruliad gaumarTlebelia.
garda aRniSnulisa, aris iseTi sisxlis samarTlis saq-
meebic, romlebSic ganaCenebi sakmaod safuZlianadaa
dasabuTebuli. ZiriTadad, es iseTi SemTxvevebia, rode-
sac pirs waaswres uSualod danaSaulis faqtze, anu
im qmedebis Cadenisas, romlebic iZlevian qurduli
samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis Semadgen-
lobas. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba davasaxeloT o.g-s
braldebis saqme, romelic waswrebul iqna axalgaz-
rdebis or jgufs Soris mimdinare kriminaluri gar-
Cevisas, romelSic igi monawileobda rogorc arbitri
da aRniSnul davas wyvetda qurduli wesebiT dadge-
nili normebis Sesabamisad. TviTon o.g., uaryofda ra
danaSaulis Cadenas, axalgazrdebis davaSi mis Careva-
sa da Tavis monawileobas imiT xsnida, rom igi mamaSvi-
lur darigebebs aZlevda axalgazrdebs, raTa maT erT-
maneTSi ar eCxubaT. o.g-m pasuxi ago qurduli samyaros
wevrobisTvis. SeiZleba davasaxeloT aseve, g.S-s bral-
debis saqme, q.u-sa da S.a-s braldebis saqme, romlebsac
pasuxismgebloba daekisraT saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxlis pirveli nawiliT.

573. 572
sabolood, ASeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom qurduli samyaros
wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis Taobaze arsebuli
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis analizidan ga-
momdinare, udavoa is garemoeba, rom aRniSnuli praq-
tika saWiroebs arsebiT gaumjobesebasa da daxvewas,
raTa, erTi mxriv, ufro efeqturi gaxdes organizebuli
danaSaulis mocemul formebTan warmoebuli sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi brZola, xolo meore mxriv, maqsimalu-
rad iqnes daculi adamianis uflebebi aRniSnuli kat-
egoriis saqmeebze sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganxor-
cielebisas. amasTan, imave analizis Sedegad isic cxa-
dia, rom xsenebuli praqtikis gaumjobeseba da win waw-
eva ver moxdeba im sakanonmdeblo normebis daxvewisa da
ganviTarebis gareSe, romlebsac Sexeba aqvT qurduli
samyaros wevrobasa da kanonier qurdobasTan, radgan
cnobilia, rom sakanonmdeblo bazis arasrulyofileba
mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs sasamarTlo praqtikis na-
klovanebebs. amitom, xelSesaxebi pozitiuri Sedegebis
misaRebad, rogorc kanonmdeblobis, ise sasamarTlo
praqtikis yvela problema am mimarTebiT erTobliobaSi
unda iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili.

574. 573
goCa mamulaSvili
samarTlis doqtori
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
& 3. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qur-
dobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
analizi (nawili pirveli)
`kanonieri qurdi~, anu `CarCoSi Casmuli qurdi~, sruli-
ad ucxo da gaugebari ram aris bevri qveynisTvis, ma-
gram Zalian cnobilia saqarTveloSi. `kanonieri qurdi~
rogorc damnaSaveTa samyaros erT-erTi mimarTulebis,
mparavebis winamZRoli, ruseTis cixeebSi Camoyalibda
gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi. es aris rusuli warmo-
Sobis movlena, romelic gavrcelda ruseTiss mTel
teritoriaze da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. eqspertebi
Tvlian, rom kanonieri qurdis Camoyalibebas safuZv-
lad daedo ramdenime sufTa rusuli movlena Tu tradi-
cia: cimbiri, cixeebi, `lagerebi~ da sxva. aseve, es aris
rusuli samonastro tradicia da rusuli saxelmwifos
uaryofis tradicia. amas daemata stalinis cixis gansa-
kuTrebuli pirobebi da wesebi da daibada e.w. CarCoiani
qurdi rusul cixeSi. kanonieri qurdi Tavisi cxovrebis
wesiTmoqceuliiyoumkacresCarCoebSidamaTarasgziT
ar gadadioda. is Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT cixis sulier
liderad da moralur mmarTvelad (winamZRolad) Camoy-
alibda. is asketi iyo. mas akrZaluli hqonda pasporti,
ojaxi, saxli da sxva raime qoneba hqonoda. is iparavda
da sakuTar saxlad miaCnda cixe. amitom moparvidan mo-
parvamde Tavisufleba misTvis droebiTi iyo, anu gamo-
dioda, rom CarCoiani qurdi saxelmwifos winaaRmdegi
iyo, oRond, mas qurdobiT ebrZoda. damnaSaveTa sam-
yaros yoveli wevri mas ndobiT da sruli morCilebiT

575. 574
Sescqeroda,TuarCavTvliTqurdulitradiciisgareT
arsebul adamianebs. is iyo mosamarTlec, xelmwifec da
episkoposic mis samyaroSi arsebuli xalxisTvis.96
kriminalur organizaciaSi Sinaganma reformam qurdebs
`CarCoianis~ avtoriteti dautova, magram maT gangs-
terobis da mafiozobis elementebi SesZina. bevri maT-
gani wamyvani biznesmenia ruseTSi, nawilma saxelisu-
flebo struqturebSic SeaRwia. saqarTvelom, rogorc
rusuli saxelmwifos nawilma, miiRo rusuli qurduli
cxovreba da bevri `saxelovani~ warmomadgenelic hyav-
da. amave dros qarTvel qurdebs mainc specifikuri,
nacionaluri niSani hqondaT. ruseTisgan gansxvave-
biT, saqarTveloSi ara sacixo kulturis gamo, aramed
abragobis, kanonisadmi samxreTuli undoblobisa da
qalaquri cxovrebis koloritulobis gamo gamodga
qurduli tradicia misaRebi da popularuli.
saqarTveloSi qurduli revolucia daiwyo 1970-iani
wlebidan, roca e.w. kanonieri qurdebis institutma
qalaq Tbilisidan masobrivad gaaRwia provinciebSi da
iq mravali kriminali ekurTxa qurdad. 1990-ian wleb-
Si, roca saqarTveloSi gamocxadda damoukidebloba
da samoqalaqo omma saxelmwifos Sesusteba gamoiwvia,
kanonierma qurdebma didi gavlena moipoves qveyanaSi da
maTi asketizmidan TiTqmis aRaraferi darCa.
qarTveli kanonieri qurdebi sakmaod bevrni arian. isini
gansakuTrebiT myarad damkvidrdnen ruseTis federa-
ciaSi, ukrainaSi, Tumca zogierTi maTgani ukve evropisa
da amerikis bevr qalaqSi cxovrobs. isini, Cveulebriv,
arCeven adgilebs, sadac moxerxebulad moewyobian,
raTa marTon TavianTi uxilavi, patara `saxelmwifoebi~,
romlebic Zaladobasa da TaRliTobazea damyarebuli.
96
ix. aka morCilaZe, `mesaidumlis qamari~, Tb., 2008, gv. 161-163.

576. 575
dRes kanonieri qurdebi TiTqmis aRar qurdoben, samagi-
erod, isini warmarTaven sxvaTa qurdobebs da saidumlo
operaciebs.
aseT viTarebaSi, cxadia, drouli da gonivruli iyo
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier organizebuli danaSau-
lisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba, romlis safuZ-
velzec kriminalizebul iqna qurduli samyaros wevro-
ba da kanonieri qurdoba.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb saqarT-
velos kanonis mixedviT kanonieri qurdi aris qurduli
samyaros wevri, romelic qurduli samyaros special-
uri wesebis Sesabamisad nebismieri formiT marTavs
an/da organizebas uwevs qurdul samyaros an pirTa
garkveul jgufs. maSasadame, kanonieri qurdoba gamoix-
ateba qurduli samyaros an pirTa jgufis marTvaSi an/
da organizebaSi. es ki konkretul moqmedebas gulisx-
mobs, romelic mtkicebis sagans Seadgens.
kanonieri qurdobis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarT-
lebriv saSualebebs Soris umniSvnelovanesi adgili
ukavia sisxlis samarTlis normebs. sisxlis samarTlis
normebis realizaciis, mniSvnelovan instruments ki sa-
samarTlo praqtika warmoadgens.
sasamarTlo praqtika, miTumetes organizebuli da-
naSaulobis winaaRmdeg, didi interesis sagania, ro-
gorc iuridiuli praqtikis, ise mecnierebis Tval-
sazrisiT. naSromis farglebSi SeZlebisdagvarad Se-
viswavleT kanonieri qurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtika, misi tendenciebi,
gamovTqviT mokrZalebuli mosazrebebi aRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT.

577. 576
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 8 agvis-
tos ganaCeniT a. p-s msjavri dasdes ssk-is 2231
-e mux-
liT kanonieri qurdobisTvis, romelic ZalaSi datova
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom 2008 wlis 10 ianvris
ganaCeniT. ganaCenis aRwerilobiTi nawilis Sesabamisad,
sabraldebo daskvniT, Mmis mier Cadenili danaSauli gam-
oixata SemdegSi:A
,,a. p-i, iyo ra e.w. qurduli tradiciebis matarebeli,
1996 wlis 24 agvistos q. TbilisSi, lotkinis goraze z.
p-sTan, a. x-sTan erTad Sexvda m. s-s, g-s, Fm. m-sa da k. g-s da
maTi sikvdilis, ojaxis wevrebis awiokebis da amoxocvis,
maTi piradi qonebis sayovelTaod saSiSi saSualebiT
– afeTqebiT ganadgurebis muqariT, masze da maTi me-
gobrebis yaCaRobaSi cilis wamebisTvis jarimis dak-
isrebis motiviT ukanonod mosTxova 10 000 aSS dolaris
gadacema, risTvisac 1997 wlis 2 ivniss q. Tbilisis naZ-
aladevis raionis sasamarTlos mier iqna msjavrdebuli
ssk-is 154-e muxlis meore nawiliT (gamoZalva, Zveli
redaqciiT) da miesaja 10 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.
sapyrobileSi yofnisas igi iyo e.w. qurduli tradicie-
bis aqtiuri mimdevari, sxva msjavrdebulebze axdenda
zewolase.w.,,qurdulisaerTos~SekrebisTvis,aiZuleb-
da maT eTamaSaT azartuli TamaSebi, yovelmxriv cdi-
lobda qurduli samyaros mxardaWeras da maTi ideebis
propagandas. sasjelis moxdis Semdgom, a. p-i danaSau-
lebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebis mizniT 1999 wels gae-
mgzavra ruseTis federaciaSi – q. moskovSi. 2004 wels
q. moskovSi igi damnaSaveTa samyaros liderebis Sekre-
baze aRiarebul iqna kanonier qurdad. Aa. p-i q. moskovis
olqis teritoriaze iyo moqmedi qarTuli organizebu-
li danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis lideri, sistematurad
iRebda monawileobas e.w. qurdul garCevebSi, aZlevda
davalebebs qurduli samyaros wevrebs, e.w. ,,momav-
lebs,~ monawileoba mieRoT sxvadasxva saxis mZime da

578. 577
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebrivi qmedebis CadenaSi,
romelTa ganxorcielebac emsaxureboda qurduli sam-
yaros miznebs. igi, rogorc qurduli tradiciebis aq-
tiuri mimdevari, araerTxel iqna dakavebuli kanonieri
qurdebis Sekrebebze, e.w. ,,sxadniakebze,~ ruseTis fed-
eraciis teritoriaze. kriminalur wreebSi gavlenas
axdenda rogorc sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi
moTavsebul, aseve TavisuflebaSi myof kriminalur
elementebze. Aa. p-s gaaCnia farTo danaSaulebrivi kav-
Sirebi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve, mis sazRvrebs
gareT. igi ruseTis federaciaSi mfarvelobda iq myof
qarTvel da ucxoel biznesmenebs, raTa sxva moqmedi
kriminaluri dajgufebebis mxridan ar hqonoda adgili
maTTvis fulis gamoZalvis faqtebs, ris sanacvlodac
maTgan iRebda e.w. ,,wilebs~, romelic xmardeboda qur-
duli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas. a. p-i q. mosk-
ovidan saqarTveloSi sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-
baSi myofi misi Zmis kanonieri qurdis z. p-s meSveobiT
zemoqmedebas axdenda saqarTveloSi myof kriminalur
avtoritetebze.~
braldebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebebidan mniS-
vnelovania mowmeTa Cvenebebi da dakavebis dros ga-
keTebuli videoCanaweri, riTac dgindeba, rom daka-
vebis dros a. p-m ganacxada, rom igi kanonieri qurdia da
cxovrobs qurduli samyaros wesebiTa da cxovrebiT.
sagulisxmoa, rom winaswari gamoZiebis dros micemuli
Cveneba a. p-m sasamarTloSi Secvala da ganacxada, rom
Tavs damnaSaved ar scnobda. braldebulis aRiareba
ra Tqma unda ar iTvleba mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad,
magram mniSvnelovan samxils warmoadgens. braldebis
mxaris sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom e.w. kanonieri
qurdisgan aRiarebis miReba mniSvnelovani warmatebaa,
radganac msgavsi mtkicebulebis mopoveba sirTules

579. 578
warmoadgens bolo periodSi, radganac kanonieri qur-
debis didi nawili ukve Tavs aridebs kanonieri qurdo-
bis sajaro aRiarebas. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovan cvli-
lebas warmoadgens e.w. qurdul wesebSi, radganac adre,
nebismier situaciaSi, kiTxvaze Tu vin iyo kanonieri
qurdi valdebuli iyo ganecxadebina sakuTari vinaobis
da qurduli samyarosadmi kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb. dana-
Saulebriv organizaciaSi aRniSnuli wesi am bolo peri-
odSi Seicvala da e.w. kanonieri qurdebisgan aRiarebis
miReba rTul amocanas warmoadgens. dResdReobiT
maTi vinaobis Sesaxeb kiTxvaze e.w. kanonieri qurdebi
pasuxoben, rom arian moqalaqeebi, adamianebi da a.S. da
yvelanairad arideben Tavs samarTaldamcavebTan imis
aRiarebas, rom e.w. kanonier qurdebs warmoadgenen. ze-
moaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, braldebis mxaris mier
mopovebuli mtkicebuleba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelo-
bas iZens. kanonieri qurdobis aRiareba ar warmoad-
gens piris mier sakuTari socialuri statusis Sesaxeb
cnobis miwodebas, rogorc es SeiZleba erTi SexedviT
CaiTvalos. kanonieri qurdoba es aris danaSaulebrivi
organizebuli jgufis xelmZRvaneloba da aRniSnulis
aRiarebac zustad kriminaluri organizaciisadmi kuT-
vnilebis aRiarebas niSnavs.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebuli mniSvnelovani
mtkicebulebebis miuxedavad, Cveni azriT, braldebis
mxares ukeTesad unda warmoedgina a. p-Svilis mier Ca-
denili qmedebis saqarTvelosTan Semxeblobis sakiTxi.
ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli `kanonieri qur-
doba~ blanketuri normaa da qmedebis arsi dgindeba ka-
noniT `organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~
sadac ganmartebulia, rom kanonieri qurdoba gamoix-
ateba qurduli samyaros an pirTa jgufis marTvaSi an/
da organizebaSi. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebidan

580. 579
ar Cans Tu raSi gamoixata a. p.-s mier qurduli samyaros
an pirTa jgufis marTva an/da organizeba, amasTan es
yovelive ra SemxeblobaSi iyo saqarTvelosTan. sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeSi Cans, rom a. p. kriminalur saqmi-
anobas eweoda saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, kerZod
ruseTSi.97
saqarTvelos teritoriaze, an saqarvelos
interesebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli a. p-s krimi-
naluri saqmianobis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi
sasurvelia braldebas meti mtkicebuleba moepovebina.
sazRvargareT piris danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba imav-
droulad ar niSnavs saqarTveloSi misi dasjadobis
samarTlebriv SesaZleblobas. ssk-is me-5 muxlis me-2
nawilis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos moqalaqes, romelmac
sazRvargareT Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
normebiT akrZaluli qmedeba da romelic ar isjeba im
qveynis kanonmdeblobiT sadac qmedeba ganxorcielda,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi Tu ganxorcielda saqarTvelos intere-
sebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSauli. saqarTvelosTan danaSaulebriv Semxe-
blobasTan dakavSirebiT sabraldebo daskvnaSi miTiTe-
bulia, rom `a. p. qalaq moskovidan saqarTveloSi sasje-
laRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi myofi misi Zmis kanonieri
qurdis z. p-s meSveobiT zemoqmedebas axdenda saqarT-
veloSi myof kriminalur avtoritetebze.~ sabraldebo
daskvnaSi ar Cans konkretulad ra saxis zemoqmedebas
axdenda a. p. moskovidan, arada zustad aRniSnulis dad-
97
braldebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebidan sagu-
lisxmoa ruseTis federaciis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
gverdnaxevriani werili, sadac a. p. dasaxelebulia krimi-
nalad (kanonier qurdad). igi da mis mier organizebuli jgu-
fi moskovSi da moskovis olqis teritorize sCadis mZime da-
naSaulebs; Mmas kavSiri aqvs saqarTvelodan gamosul kanonier
qurdebTan, magram konkretulad visTan, werilSi aRwerili
Aaraa.

581. 580
geniT braldeba srulad asaxavda a. p-s mier Cadenil
danaSaulis suraTs. Sesabamisad, dacvis mxare aRar im-
sjelebda imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom a. p-s saqarTvelo-
Si araferi dauSavebia, misi qmedeba ar iyo mimarTuli
saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg, gansasjelis
saqmianoba ruseTis farglebs ar gascdenia da Sesabam-
isad ar arsebobs saqarTvelos kanonebiT misi dasjis
safuZveli.
qvemoT vrclad iqneba ganxiluli, xolo aq mokled
aRvniSnavT, rom Cveni azriT, e.w. kanonieri qurdebis
da qurduli samyaros wevrebis pasuxismgeblobis sa-
fuZveli ganxiluli unda iqnes organizebuli danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevris an xelmZRvanelis kriminali-
zebuli formebis analogiurad. magaliTad SeiZleba
dasaxeldes iseTi organizebuli jgufebis wevroba/
xelmZRvaneloba rogoricaa banda, teroristuli orga-
nizacia da a.S. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi piris pasuxisgebaSi
misacemad braldeba adgens mxolod piris kavSirs orga-
nizebul jgufTan. dRes arsebuli normatiuli sinamd-
viliT, kanonieri qurdis pasuxisgebaSi misacemad bral-
deba valdebulia organizebul jgufis wevrobasTan
erTad daadginos is faqtic, rom piri marTavs an/da xe-
lmZRvanelobs qurdul samyaros. kanonis msgavsi moTx-
ovna piris danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sefasebis sakiTxSi
warmoSobs problemebs, da aRniSnuli gamovlinda kide-
vac sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCenebis Seswav-
lisas. organizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZo-
lis gamocdileba da Tanamedrove praqtika gviCvenebs,
rom organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebis warmo-
madgenelTa pasuxisgebaSi misacemad unda daveyrdnoT
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis koncef-
cias, rac imas niSnavs, rom piris pasuxisgebaSi misace-
mad braldebam unda daadginos mxolod misi kuTvnileba

582. 581
danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan. msgavsi sakanonmde-
blo da sasamarTlo praqtika arsebobs rogorc ameri-
kis SeerTebul StatebSi98
ise italiaSi. e.w. qurduli
samyaro da kanonieri qurdebi warmoadgens Cveulebriv
kriminalur organizacias da maTi pasuxismgeblobis
sakiTxic organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevro-
bis/xelmZRvanelobis mixedviT unda gadawydes.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
rom organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb
kanoniT dadgenili qmedebis obieqturi mxaris niSnebi,
marTva an/da organizeba, problemebs qmnis braldebis
mtkicebis procesSi, amitom sasurvelia Sesabamisi Ses-
worebebi Sevides masSi.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, iseve rogorc e.w.
kanonieri qurdebis mimarT gamotanil sxva ganaCenebSic
braldebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi, eyrd-
noba faqtebs, romelTac kanonieri qurdobis krimi-
nalizaciamde hqonda adgili. braldebam a. p-is saqmeSi
warmoadgina mtkicebulebebi, romelTa mixedviTac
dgindeba, rom igi 1997 wlis 2 ivniss msjavrdebul iqna
ssk-is 154-e muxliT (1960 wlis ssk) da sasjelis saxed
da formad miesaja 10 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. sasa-
marTlo ganaCenis mixedviT sasjelis moxdis periodSi
`a. p. iyo qurduli tradiciebis aqtiuri mimdevari,
sxva mjavrdebulebze axdenda zewolas e.w. `qurduli
saerTos~ SekrebisTvis, aiZulebda eTamaSaT azartuli
TamaSebi, yovelmxriv cdilobda qurduli samyaros mx-
ardaWeras da maTi ideebis propagandas~. samwuxarod,
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi naTlad ar Cans kanonieri
98
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika organizebul da-
naSaulTan brZolis aspeqtiT dawvrilebiT aris ganxiluli
saqarTvelos antireketuli normebis analizisas.

583. 582
qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdeg, kerZod, 2006 wlis
28 aprilidan, eweoda Tu ara a. p kanonier qurdobas da
raSi gamoixateboda misi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba.
Cveni azriT, sasurveli iqneboda braldebas moepove-
bina mtkicebulebebi, romlebic naTlad miuTiTebdnen
a. p-is kriminaluri saqmianobis (e.w. qurduli garCeve-
bis, saerTo salaros Sekrebis an sxva qmedebebi) Sesaxeb
kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdgom.
gansasjelma a. p-im sasamarTlo sxdomaze wardgenil
braldebaSi Tavi ar scno damnaSaved, kerZod SekiTx-
vaze, _ `scnobda Tu ara wardgenil braldebaSi Tavs
damnaSaved~, _ upasuxa, rom Tavs damnaSaved ar scnobda.
procesis Semdgom msvlelobas gansasjeli ar daswre-
bia sasamarTlosadmi undoblobis motiviT. sagulisx-
moa, mocemul saqmeSi dacvis mxaris pozicia, romelic
damcvelis mier ganviTarebuli dacvis strategiis
TvalsazrisiT, kritikas ver uZlebs. mocemul saqmeSi
damcveli sworad miuTiTebs im faqtorze, rom a. p.-s
danaSauli saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar Caudenia. am
debulebidan gamomdinare askvnis, rom saqarTvelos
`Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom ukanonod daakava piri,
romelsac faqtobrivad danaSauli ar Caudenia, radgan
igi imyofeboda ruseTSi. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom ruse-
Tis kanonmdebloba amgvar faqts saerTod ar scnobs
danaSaulad.~ sagulisxmoa is, rom ucxo qveyanaSi myofi
piris qmedeba, romelic ar aris dasjadi qmedebis ganx-
orcilebis adgilze, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT im
SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba danaSaulad Tu es qmedeba aris
saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime
an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli, anda Tu sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba am danaSaulisaTvis gaT-
valiswinebulia saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT.

584. 583
saubrobs ra misi dacvis qveS myofi piris udanaSau-
lobaze, damcveli saboloo moTxovnas ayalibebs amg-
varad: `me ar veTanxmebi warmodgenil braldebas, ma-
gram Tu sasamarTlo mis mimarT mainc gamoitans gamam-
tyunebel ganaCens, gTxovT gaiTvaliswinoT is, rom igi
ar aris nasamarTlevi, hyavs meuRle da 2 Svili, faqti-
urad igi saqarTveloSi ar moqmedebda da arc imyofe-
boda, gaiTvaliswinoT yovelive zemoaRniSnuli da al-
ternativis saxiT, ganusazRvroT sasjelis minimumi~. im
dros, rodesac damcveli amtkicebs dacvis qveS myofis
udanaSaulobas, xolo gansasjeli ar scnobs Tavs dam-
naSaved wardgenil braldebaSi, dacvis mxaris saboloo
moTxovna, rom gansasjels ganesazRvros sasjelis mini-
mumi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos marTebulad da Cveni azriT
xelyofs dacvis uflebas, radganac damcveli gansasje-
lis pozicias gascda da piris gamarTlebis magivrad
sasjelis minimumis daniSvna moiTxova.
dacvis mxare ar msjelobs aseve iseT mniSvnelovan
sakiTxze, rogoricaa gansasjelis mier qmedebis Semad-
genlobis niSnebis ganxorcieleba – arganxorcilebis
sakiTxi da iseT araarsebiT detalebze amaxvilebs yura-
dRebas, rac saqmis arss faqtobrivad ar cvlis. dacvis
mxares unda emsjela, xorcieldeboda Tu ara gansasje-
lis mier qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesa-
bamisad qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveuli jgufis
marTva an/da organizeba, ramdenad iyo saTanado mt-
kicebulebebi warmodgenili braldebis mxaris mxridan
da saqarTvelos teritoriaze an saqarTvelos interese-
bis sawinaaRmdegod, ucxo qveynis teritoriaze raSi gam-
ovlinda danaSaulis SemadgenlobiT aRwerili niSnebi.
dacvis mxare miuTiTebs agreTve im faqtze, rom a. p.
saqmianobas eweoda ruseTSi da saqarTvelosTan ara-

585. 584
nairi kavSiri ar hqonda. `minda mogaxsenoT, _ ambobs
advokati, _ rom a. p. cxovrobda moskovSi 7-8 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, igi saqarTveloSi iSviaTad Camodioda.
moskovSi eweoda saqmianobas da es saqmianoba ar iyo
dakavSirebuli kriminalebTan.~ dacvis mxares apeli-
reba unda gaekeTebina ara im faqtorze, rom gansasjeli
saqmianobda moskovSi da es saqmianoba ar iyo dakavSire-
buli kriminalebTan, aramed imaze, rom misi qmedeba ar
Seicavda im danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebs, romle-
bic bralad eracxeboda gansasjels. p-is sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeze sagulisxmoa sasamarTlo ganaCenis samo-
tivacio nawili, sadac moxseniebulia is, rom 1997 wlis
2 ivnisis ganaCenis safuZvelze Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
moxdis periodSi `a. p. iyo qurduli tradiciebis aqti-
uri mimdevari, sxva msjavrdebulebze axdenda zewolas
e.w. `qurduli saerTos~ SekrebisTvis, aiZulebda eTama-
SaT azartuli TamaSebi, yovelmxriv cdilobda qurdu-
li samyaros mxardaWeras da maTi ideebis propagandas.
sasjelis moxdis Semdgom, a. p. danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bis gagrZelebis mizniT, 1999 wels gaemgzavra ruseTis
federaciaSi, q. moskovSi. 2004 wels q. moskovSi damna-
SaveTa liderebis Sekrebaze aRiarebul iqna kanonier
qurdad. a. p. q. moskovis olqis teritoriaze iyo moq-
medi qarTuli organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis
lideri, sistematurad iRebda monawileobas e.w. qur-
dul garCevebSi, aZlevda davalebebs qurduli samyaros
wevrebs...~, rogorc vxedavT ganaCenis TiTqmis mTeli
samotivacio nawili eZRvneba a. p-is saqmianobis aRweras
ruseTis federaciaSi da ar aris konkretuli indika-
tori, Tu ratom moxvda a. p. qarTuli marTlmsajulebis
sferoSi. arada es uciloblad unda iyos asaxuli ga-
naCenis samotivacio nawilSi, Tu ris gamo moxda a. p-s
msjavrdeba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Se-
sabamisad, imis miuxedavad rom igi saqmianobda ruse-

586. 585
Tis federaciaSi. ssk-is me-5 muxlis Sesabamisad, saqa-
rTvelos moqalaqis mier sazRvargareT danaSaulis
Cadenisas, saxeze unda iyos saqarTvelos interesebis
sawinaaRmdego mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli.
sasamarTlo ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi ucilo-
blad unda iyos msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom aris
a. p-is saqmianoba ruseTis federaciaSi, saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT dasjadi. mniSvnelovani detali rac
sasamarTlo ganaCenSi aRniSnulze miuTiTebs isaa, rom
`a. p-i q. moskovidan saqarTveloSi sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebaSi myofi misi Zmis kanonieri qurdis z.p-
is meSveobiT zemoqmedebas axdenda saqarTveloSi myof
kriminalur avtoritetebze.~ sasamarTlos ganaCenis
samotivacio nawilSi aRniSnuli garemoebisTvis gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmo da erTi wina-
dadebiT ar unda Semofargluliyo. zustad aRniSnulSi
vlindeba a. p-is dasjadobis safuZveli da ara imaSi, rom
igi ruseTis federaciaSi iRebda wilebs da eweoda sxva
qmedebebs, romelTa aRwerasac eZRvneba ganaCenis mniS-
vnelovani nawili. sasamarTlo gamoZiebas detalurad
unda gamoerkvia, Tu ra saxis zemoqmedebas axdenda mos-
kovidan a. p. saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebiT sistema-
Si moTavsebul patimrebze da gamoekveTa saqarTvelos
interesebis Selaxva aRniSnuli qmedebiT.
zustad imaSi, rom a. p. moskovidan axdenda uaryofiT
zemoqmedebas saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebiT siste-
maSi ganTavsebul patimrebze, gamoixateba organize-
buli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonis mixedviT gansazRvruli kanonieri qurdobis
obieqturi mxaris niSnebi, marTva an/da organizeba.
sasamarTlo ganaCenSi dadgenili da ganmartebuli unda
yofiliyo, ra saxis zegavlenas axdenda a.p. ruseTidan,
rogor marTavda igi an/da organizebas uwevda saqarT-

587. 586
velos teritoriaze TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs da
yovelive aRniSnuliT, rogor Seilaxa qveynis interesi
arsebiTad.
Telavis raionuli sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 3 noembris
ganaCeniT g. g-s msjavri daedo masSi, rom man Caidina
kanonieri qurdoba, danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-
is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT. ganaCenis mixedviT, misi
danaSauli gamoixata SemdegSi: `1998-2003 wlebSi g. g-m
qurduli mentalitetis mqone pirebisagan Camoayaliba
danaSaulebrivi jgufi da qurdulad arCevda sadavo
sakiTxebs, riTac moqmedebda qurduli wesebis Sesabam-
isad, romlis mizani iyo daSineba, muqara, iZuleba da
qurduli garCevis gziT finansuri sargeblis miReba,
riTac SeiZina garkveuli qoneba q. TelavSi. gamoZiebiT
dadgenil iqna, rom Telavis raionis sofel SalaurSi
mcxovreb b. W-s hqonda TelavSi mcxovrebi v. b-is vali,
ris gamoc maT Soris iyo daZabuli urTierToba. 1999
wlis agvistoSi, saqmis garCevis mizniT, b. W-m saqmeSi
CarTo kanonieri qurdi g. g., romelmac a. b-i daibara
SuamTis tyeSi arsebuli restornis mimdebare terito-
riaze, ra drosac g. g-m sityvieri da fizikuri Seura-
cxyofa miayena mas da uTxra, rom b. W-sagan vals veRar
miiRebda. amiT ganawyenebulma v. b-ma 1999 wlis Semod-
gomaze b. W-is Svils v. W-s gamoarTva misi kuTvnili av-
tomanqana da uTxra, rom manqanas valis gadaxdis Semdeg
daubrunebda. amasTan dakavSirebiT, g. g-m meore dRes
v. b-i daibara q. TelavSi, sadac moxda saqmis garCeva, ra
drosac g. g-m aiZula v. b-i, b. W-sTvis daebrunebina misi
kuTvnili avtomanqana. amis Semdeg, v. b-i ramdenjerme
Seecada b. W-sagan Tavisi kuTvnili Tanxis miRebas, ma-
gram yoveli mcdelobis dros g. g. emuqreboda mas da
eubneboda Tavi daenebebina am ukanasknelisTvis.~

588. 587
2008 wlis 29 maiss msjavrdebulma da misi interese-
bis damcvelma advokatma Telavis raionuli sasamarT-
los ganaCeni gaasaCivres saapelacio wesiT. saCivarSi
apelantebi aRniSnaven, rom mowmeebs, romelTa Cvenebebi
safuZvlad daedo gamamtyunebel ganaCens, ar SeuZliaT
miuTiTon informaciis wyaro (mxedvelobaSia g. g.-s
kanonieri qurdobis faqti), ris gamoc maTi Cvenebebi
ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos gamamtyunebel ganaCens
(ssk-is me-10, me-11 muxlebi), amis garda, g. g-Zes 1998-2002
wlebSi romc gaerCia qurduli wesebiT saqme, `kanonieri
qurdoba~ 2006 wlis maisamde danaSaulad ar iTvleboda,
ris gamoc, saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis sa-
fuZvelze, g. g-ze ssk-is 2231
-e muxli ukuZaliT ar unda
gavrceldes. amasTanave, g. g-Ze aris ruseTis federaci-
is moqalaqe, romelic 2003 wlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi
ar Camosula, xolo ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs `kanonieri qurdobis~
danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, ris gamoc is ar unda daisa-
jos ssk-is 2231
-emuxliT.
saapelaciosasamarTlomganaCenissamotivacionawilSi
miuTiTa, rom: ,,saapelacio sasamarTlo ver gaiziarebs
dacvis mxaris arguments, rom g. g-s ar SeiZleba msjavri
daedos ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
SaulisTvis, radgan aRniSnuli qmedeba dasjadi gaxda
2006 wlidan, vinaidan ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis meore nawil-
iT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis dasja-
dobisaTvis sakmarisia Tavad faqtis arseboba, rom piri
aris `kanonieri qurdi~. cota qvemoT grZeldeba _ pal-
atas miaCnia, rom `kanonieri qurdoba~ aris denadi da-
naSauli, romelic uwyvetad xorcieldeba am statusis
SeZenidan mis gauqmebamde, rac vlindeba wesebis Sesabam-
isad qurduli garCevis TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi.
g. g-Zis mier qurdulad saqmis garCeva gamoixata zemoT

589. 588
dasaxelebuli mowmeebis CvenebebiT, riTac dasturde-
ba, rom g. g-Ze `kanonieri qurdis~ statusis matarebeli
iyo im periodSi, roca moxda saqmis garCeva, rac mas ar
daukargavs da kvlavac iTvleba `kanonier qurdad~. da
kidev erTi argumenti _ g. g-Zis kanonier qurdobas mow-
mobs is garemoeba, rom Cvenebis micemisas man Tavi aari-
da pirdapir gaeca pasuxi kiTxvaze, aris Tu ara is kanon-
ieri qurdi. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
palatas dadasturebulad miaCnia, rom g. g-Zem Caidina
marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba, danaSauli
gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 2231
muxlis meore nawiliT.~
mocemul saqmeze sasamarTlo ganaCenis analizi kidev
erTxel adasturebs Cvens pozicias imis Sesaxeb, rom
e.w. kanonieri qurdebis da qurduli samyaros wevrebis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi unda
gadawydes organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis xe-
lmZRvanelisa da wevris pasuxismgeblobis principis
Sesabamisad, ise rogorc es xdeba organizebuli jgufe-
bis iseTi kriminalizebuli formebis dros, rogoricaa
banda, teroristuli organizacia da a.S.
sasamarTlo logikurad mivida im daskvnamde, rom ssk-
is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulebrivi qmedebis dasjadobisaTvis sakmarisia Ta-
vad faqtis arseboba, rom piri aris `kanonieri qurdi~.
ideaSi asec unda gadawyvetiliyo saqarTvelos kanonSi
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb, magram
unda aRiniSnos, rom ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebisTvis pa-
suxismgeblobis dakisrebisas danaSaulebrivi jgufis
wevroba/xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad, saxeze unda iyos
garkveuli sociumis qurduli samyaros wesebis Sesabam-
isad marTva an/da organizeba. kanonis moTxovnebidan
gamomdinare sakmarisi ar aris piris mxolod kuTvnile-

590. 589
ba organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufisadmi da Sesa-
bamisad saWiroa dadgindes e.w. kanonieri qurdis mier
konkretuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba. konkretuli
qmedeba, romelic dRes moqmedi antiqurduli normebis
Sesabamisad e.w. kanonierma qurdma unda ganaxorcielos
imisTvis,romsaxezeiyosqmedebisSemadgenlobisobieq-
turi mxaris niSnebi, gamoixateba qurdulis samyaros
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad garkveuli sociumis
marTvaSi an/da organizebaSi. ganaCenis samotivacio
nawilSi ar Cans konkretulad raSi gamoixata qurduli
samyaros marTva an/da organizeba.
gansasjelis braleulobis dasasabuTeblad sasamarT-
los moaqvs kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciamde
momxdari qurduli garCevis faqti, da miuTiTebs, rom
`kanonieri qurdoba~ aris denadi danaSauli, romel-
ic uwyvetad xorcieldeba am statusis SeZenidan mis
gauqmebamde, rac vlindeba wesebis Sesabamisad qur-
duli garCevis TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi.~ denadi
danaSauli erTiani danaSaulis saxes warmoadgens da
misi arsi gansazRvrulia ssk-is me-13 muxlSi, romlis
mixedviTac `denadia am kodeqsis erTi muxliT an mux-
lis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romelic
iwyeba moqmedebiT an umoqmedobiT da romelic Semdeg
uwyvetad xorcieldeba.~ denadi danaSaulis gamovline-
bas warmoadgens teroristuli organizaciis xelmZR-
vaneloba/wevroba, bandis xelmZRvaneloba/wevroba da
a.S., iqidan gamomdinare, rom organizebuli danaSau-
lobis am ukanasknel formebSi pasuxismgeblobis sa-
fuZvels organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufisadmi
kuTvnileba warmoadgens. rac Seexeba kanonier qurdo-
bas/qurduli samyaros wevrobas, am SemTxvevaSi pasux-
ismgeblobis safuZveli organizebul danaSaulebrivi
jgufisadmi kuTvnilebasTan erTad konkretuli qmede-

591. 590
bebis ganxorcielebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, saxezea ara
denadi, aramed gangrZobadi danaSauli. saapelacio
palata TviTonve miuTiTebs, rom kanonieri qurdoba
`uwyvetad xorcieldeba am statusis SeZenidan mis gau-
qmebamde, rac vlindeba wesebis Sesabamisad qurduli
garCevis TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi~. qurduli gar-
Cevis TiToeuli faqti unda miviCnioT danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis gamovlenis formad da Sesabamisad saxezea ara
denadi, aramed gangrZobadi danaSauli, romelic er-
Tiani danaSaulis ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebul meore for-
mas warmoadgens. ssk-is me-14 muxlis Sesabamisad `gan-
grZobadia am kodeqsis erTi muxliT an muxlis nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romelic moicavs er-
Tiani mizniTa da saerTo ganzraxviT Cadenil or an
met qmedebas.~ sabolood SesaZlebelia davaskvnaT,
rom kanonieri qurdobisa da qurduli samyaros wevris
dRevandeli sakanonmdeblo redaqcia, gulisxmobs misi
ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas ara denadi, aramed gan-
grZobadi danaSaulis formiT. kanonis aRniSnul for-
mulirebasTeoriuliTvalsazrisiTverdaveTanxmebiT,
radganac, rogorc araerTxel aRvniSneT, miviCnevT, rom
e.w. kanonieri qurdobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis safuZ-
veli unda emyarebodes organizebuli danaSaulebrivi
jgufisadmi kuTvnilebas, da aqedan gamomdinare, unda
warmoadgendes denad danaSauls. erTia Cveni mosazreba
da samomavlod normis srulyofis survili, da meorea
is, rom sasamarTlo ganaCeni unda Seesabamebodes mo-
qmed normebs da ganaCenis gamotanis momentisTvis arse-
buli normatiuli sinamdviliT kanonieri qurdoba gan-
grZobadi danaSaulis saxes warmoadgenda.
ganaCenSi aris msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom `g. g. qur-
dis statusis matarebeli iyo im periodSi, roca moxda
saqmis garCeva, rac mas ar daukargavs da kvlavac iTv-

592. 591
leba `kanonier qurdad.~ sasurveli iqneboda sasamarT-
los samotivacio nawilSi qurdis statusis Sesaxeb ar
emsjela da pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis dasabuTebi-
sTvis ar moetana is faqtori, rom pirs gaaCnia esa Tu is
statusi. sagulisxmoa, rom piris dasjadoba efuZneba
ar mis socialur statuss, aramed ganxorcielebul
marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleul qmedebas. sasamarT-
los yuradReba unda gaemaxvilebina ara qurdis sta-
tusze, aramed ganxorcilebul danaSaulebriv qmede-
bebze, raSic gamoixata konkretulad misi kanonieri
qurdoba. kanonieri qurdoba aris ara socialuri sta-
tusi, aramed organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufisad-
mi kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli. iseve rogorc danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis sxva formebi, magaliTad bandis,
teroristuli organizaciis wevroba/xelmZRvaneloba,
kanonieri qurdoba warmoadgens qurduli kriminaluri
organizaciis wevroba/xelmZRvanelobas da aRniSnuli
socialuri statusi ki ar aris, aramed danaSaulebrvi
qmedebaa.
kanonmdebelma bandis, teroristuli organizaciis,
ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis da sxva organizaci-
uli kriminaluri formebis dasjadobis etapi winare,
momzadeba _ mcdelobis, stadiaze gadmoitana aRniS-
nuli qmedebebis gansakuTrebulad saSiSi socialuri
xasiaTis gamo. unda aRiniSnos, rom banditi, teroristi
da a.S. socialuri statusi ki ar aris, aramed piris da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciisadmi kuTvnilebis mimaniS-
nebeli. teroristis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba, sxvaTa
Soris, gamoixateba imaSi, rom gawevrianda teroristul
organizaciaSi. analogiuria kanonieri qurdis SemTxve-
vac. kanonieri qurdi aris kriminaluri organizaciis
wevri da misi qmedebis dasjadobis safuZvelic zustad
imaSia, rom piri gawevrianda danaSaulebriv organiza-

593. 592
ciaSi da ara imaSi, rom kanonieri qurdoba socialuri
statusia. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanon-
ieri qurdoba socialuri statusi ar aris, kanonieri
qurdoba kriminaluri organizaciisadmi kuTvnilebas
niSnavs da qmedebaSi, kerZod qurdul organizaciaSi
gawevrianebaSi gamoixateba. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqmedi
kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, kanon-
ieri qurdis dasjadobisTvis sakmarisi ar aris mxolod
kriminaluri organizaciis wevrobis dadgena, kanonier-
ma qurdma qurduli samyaros wesebis Sesabamisad unda
marTos an/da organizeba gauwios garkveul sociums.
g. g-s mimarT gamotanil sasamarTlo ganaCenSi, iseve
rogorc kanonieri qurdebis winaaRmdeg gamotanil
sxva ganaCenebSi, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia kanonieri
qurdobis kriminalizaciamdel faqtebze da naklebi
mtkicebulebaa saxeze 2006 wlis 28 aprilis Semdgom
periodSi aRniSnuli pirebis kriminaluri saqmianobis
Sesaxeb. kanonmdeblis mier kanonieri qurdobis dana-
Saulad gamocxadebamde Cadenili qmedebebis aRwera, ra
Tqma unda warmoaCens kriminalis saqmianobis srul su-
raTs, Tumca sasurveli iqneboda braldebis mxares meti
mtkicebuleba moepovebina iseT garemoebaze, romelic
daadasturebda kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciis
Semdeg, kerZod 2006 wlis 28 aprilidan g. g-s mier qur-
duli samyaros interesebis Sesabamisad raime qmedebis
ganxorcielebas. aRniSnulad SesaZlebelia CaTvlili-
yo qurduli garCevis mowyoba, qurduli saerTo sala-
rosTvis Tanxebis Sekreba, an sxva raime qmedeba. g. g-s
saqmeSi mniSvnelovania braldebis mxaris is mtkiceb-
ulebebi, romelTa mixedviTac g. g. moskovidan TelavSi
marTavda pirTa danaSaulebriv jgufs. g. g.-s mier pir-
Ta jgufis marTva xorcieldeboda ukve e.w. kanonieri
qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdeg. sasurveli iqneboda

594. 593
imis detaluri garkveva raSi gamoixateboda danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis marTva, vin Sedioda aRniSnul jgufSi
da a.S., radganac aRniSnuls didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia
kanonieri qurdobis braldebis gasamyareblad.
kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdgom, piris
danaSaulebrivi qmedebis asaxva sanimuSodaa mocemuli
magaliTad m. a.-s, metsaxelad `qucas~ winaaRmdeg ga-
motanil sasamarTlo ganaCenSi, romlis samotivacio
nawilSi aRwerilia aramxolod qmedebis kriminal-
izaciamde, aramed kriminalizaciis Semdgomac piris da-
naSaulebrivi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. aRniSnul ganaCenSi
aseve dadgenilia im pirTa wre, romelsac marTavda da
organizebas uwevda kriminaluri avtoriteti metsaxe-
lad `quca~. sasamarTlo ganaCenis samotivacio nawilis
mixedviT: `m. a. scnobs da aRiarebs ra qurduli samyaros
cxovrebis wesebs, danaSaulis Camdeni piris d. x-s sa-
sargeblod dafara am ukanasknelis mier Cadenili mZime
danaSauli, risTvisac 1997-1998 wlebSi sasjels ixdida
geguTis sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi. sasje-
lis moxdisas aqtiurad asrulebda qurduli samyaros
specialur wesebs, mas urTierToba hqonda qurduli
samyaros wevrebTan da kanonier qurdebTan, romleb-
sac xels uwyobda qurduli samyaros marTvaSi. maTgan
Rebulobda sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organize-
basTan da ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebul Txovnebsa
da davalebebs da qurduli samyaros wevrTaTvis sarge-
blis miRebis mizniT axdenda danaSaulebrivi gegmis Se-
muSavebas.
sasjelis moxdisgan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, maT So-
ris mas Semdeg, rac qurduli samyaros wevroba sisxlis
samarTlis wesiT dasjadi qmedeba gaxda, m. a-m gaagr-
Zela cxovreba qurduli samyaros specialuri wese-
bis Sesabamisad. aqtiurad ganagrZobda urTierTobebs

595. 594
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi myof kanonier
qurdebTan da kriminalur avtoritetebTan, kerZod, b.
i-sTan, h. b-sTan, d. m-sTan, i. g-sTan, r. j-sTan, g-sTan, z.
p-Tan,ruseTisfederaciaSimsjavrdebulS.g-sTan,qur-
duli tradiciebis matareblebTan – k. l-sTan, v. b-sTan,
a. a-sTan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels uwyobs qurduli
samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs sxvadasxva dana-
Saulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganxorcielebasTan
dakavSirebul Txovnebs da asrulebs davalebebs.~
rogorc vxedavT YsasamarTlo ganaCenSi pirdapiraa
miTiTebuli imis Sesaxeb, rom `sasjelis moxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, maT Soris mas Semdeg, rac qur-
duli samyaros wevroba sisxlis samarTlis wesiT das-
jadi qmedeba gaxda, m. a-m gaagrZela cxovreba qurduli
samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad.~ aRniSnuliT,
ganaCenSi kargadaa mocemuli imis dasabuTeba, rom piri
aramxolod kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciamde, ar-
amed kriminalizaciis Semdgomac darCa qurduli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis, e.w. qurduli samyaros wevri.
zustad amgvari dasabuTeba aklia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze gamotanil ganaCenTa garkveul nawils, rac
qmedebis kriminalizaciis Semdgom kanonieri qurdis an
qurduli samyaros wevris mier akrZaluli saqmianobis
suraTs bundovans xdis.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis ganaCenSi kanonieri qur-
debis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sxva ganaCenebisgan gan-
sxvavebiT kargad aris dadgenili im subieqtTa wre,
romlebic warmoadgenen ra pirTa garkveul erTobas
_ qurdul samyaros, organizebuli danaSaulisa da
reketis Sesaxeb kanonis mesame muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad moqmedeben maT mier dadgenili/aRiarebuli
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad. ganaCenis samotivacio

596. 595
nawilSi miTiTebulia, rom m. a. kanonieri qurdobis das-
jadobis SemoRebis Semdeg `aqtiurad ganagrZobda uri-
TierTobebs sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi myof
kanonier qurdebTan da kriminalur avtoritetebTan,
kerZod, b. i-sTan, h. b-sTan, d. m-sTan, i. g-sTan, r. j-sTan,
g. q-sTan, z. p-Tan, ruseTis federaciaSi msjavrdebul
S. g-sTan, qurduli tradiciebis matareblebTan – k. l-
sTan, v. b-sTan, a. a-sTan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels
uwyobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs
sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganx-
orcielebasTan dakavSirebul Txovnebs da asrulebs
davalebebs.~ ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi, imis gar-
da, rom miTiTebulia kriminalur avtoritetebTan da-
naSaulebrivi kavSiris arsebobis Sesaxeb, aris agreTve
msjeloba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom sistematurad
xorcieldeboda danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis organi-
zeba da aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT xdeboda garkveuli
Txovnebis da davalebebis Sesruleba.
qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT, qurduli
samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis xelSewyobis
yvelaze gavrcelebul paradigmas warmoadgens qur-
duli saerTo salarosTvis (e.w. `obSiaki~) Tanxebis Se-
groveba. marTlac, qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxor-
cielebisyvelazeaqtiuriformaae.w.`obSiakis~agrove-
ba. Tavis mxriv, `obSiakis~ Sevseba warmoebs qurduli
avtoritetis gamoyenebiT, patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisa
da gareSe pirebis yovelTviuri savaldebulo gadasaxa-
dis iZulebiT gadaxdiT. aRniSnulis garda, qurduli
samyaros wevrebi `obSiakis~ Sevsebis erT-erT wyarod,
aseve iyeneben patimarTa Soris, dawesebulebis terito-
riaze maT mierve savaldebulod dadgenili, cixis azar-
tuli TamaSebis Sedegad wagebuli Tanxis, e.w. `Tavanis~
agrovebas. is rom fulis Segroveba warmoebs qurduli
samyarosTvis da es moTxovna momdinareobs qurduli

597. 596
samyaros avtoritetebisgan, TavisTavad warmoadgens
fsiqologiuri iZulebis formas, rac ssk-is 2231
-e mux-
lis SemadgenlobaSi Tavsdeba. saqmeTa umravlesoba am
kategoriisaa. am TvalsazrisiT, niSandoblivia sisxlis
samarTlis saqme daviT s-s da sxvaTa mimarT (sul 22 ms-
javrdebuli). maT mier Cadenili danaSauli, ganaCenis
aRwerilobiTi nawilis Sesabamisad, gamoixata SemdegSi:
d. s. aRiarebs ra qurdul samyaros, Tavisi cxovrebis
wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs misdami mxardaWeras, yovel-
dRiur cxovrebaSi mas aqtiuri urTierToba aqvs qur-
duli samyaros liderebTan, romlebsac aRuTqvams
xelSewyobas qurduli samyaros marTvaSi. garda amisa,
d. s. aqtiurad moqmedebs qurdul samyaros miznebis
gansaxorcieleblad, riTac xels uwyobs qurduli sa-
myaros funqcionirebas. Dd. s. q. Tbilisis #5 sapyrob-
ileSi myofi qurduli samyaros liderebis, e.w. ,,saknis
mayureblebis~ l. b-s da n. n-s davalebiT organizebas
ukeTebs sakanSi myofi sxva patimrebis ojaxis wevrebi-
sagan qurduli samyaros wesebiT aRiarebul e.w. ,,qur-
dul saerToSi~ Sesatani Tanxebis, agreTve mobiluri
telefoniT da televizoriT sakanSi sargeblobisTvis
pirobebis Sesaqmnelad saWiro Tanxebis Segrovebas.
Ppatimrebis ojaxis wevrebs, romlebic mas ukavSirdebi-
an telefoniT, igi avalebs, rom qurduli samyaros li-
derebis mier zemoTxsenebuli miznebisTvis dawesebuli
Tanxebi gadascen mis mier miTiTebul pirebs, daTqmul
adgilze da dros. P
patimrebis ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedras d. s. avalebs
qurduli samyaros wevrebs (l. S., g. d., m. C., j. a. da g. m-s),
romlebic daTqmul dros patimrebis ojaxis wevrebs
xvdebian Temqis dasaxlebaSi, Segrovebul Tanxas ki aZ-
leven d. s-s. dasaxelebuli pirebis meSveobiT Segrove-
bul Tanxas d. s., l. b-s da n. n-s davalebiT aZlevs #5 sa-
pyrobileSi myofi qurduli samyaros lideris, e.w. ,,ko-

598. 597
rpusis mayureblis~ i. v-s Zmas, aseve, qurduli samyaros
aqtiur wevrs v. v-s, qurduli samyaros liderebisTvis
gasagzavnad.
d. s-m #5 sapyrobileSi l. b-sa da n. n-sTan erTad sakanSi
myofi 20-ze meti patimris ojaxis wevrebisgan l. S-s, g.
d-s, m. C-s, j. a-s da g. m-s meSveobiT 2006 wlis 10 noem-
brisTvis Segrovebuli Tanxidan 780 lari gadasca v. v-s,
patimrobaSi myofi qurduli samyaros liderebisTvis
gasagzavnad, xolo 315 lari maTive miTiTebiT daitova
TavisTan calkeuli davalebebis Sesasruleblad.
d.s-m#5sapyrobileSimyofizemoTaRniSnulipatimreb-
is ojaxis wevrebisgan 2006 wlis 6 dekembrisTvis Segrove-
buli 625 lari gadasca v. v-s, patimrobaSi myofi qurduli
samyaros liderebisTvis gasagzavnad. garda amisa, d. s.
asrulebda ra sapyrobileSi myofi qurduli samyaros li-
derebis calkeul davalebebs, maTi miTiTebiT, sxvadasxva
sakiTxebis mosagvareblad, patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisgan
Segrovebuli Tanxis nawils aZlevda sapyrobiles Tanam-
Sromlebs.manl.b-sdan.n-sdavalebiT#5sapyrobilesTan-
amSromels l. v-s 2006 wlis 21 noembers l. S-s meSveobiT
gadasca 300 lari, xolo 23 noembers 100 lari. D
d. s. aqtiurad avrcelebda qurduli sayaros specialur
wesebs, man qurduli samyaros wevrebisTvis sargeblis
miRebis mizniT, mis mier organizebul danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaSi Caaba sxva pirebi, maT mouwodebda qurdu-
li samyaros aRiarebuli wesebiT cxovrebas, monawil-
eobda qurdul garCevebSi.
2006 wlis noembris TveSi sasjelaRsrulebis departa-
mentisTbilisis#5sapyrobilissareJimoganyofilebis
inspeqtorma l. v-m sapyrobilis 61-e sakanSi, sadac sxva
patimrebTan erTad iyo l. b., aRmoaCina cixisTvis akrZa-

599. 598
luli nivTi, mobiluri telefoni. Tumca, mas amaze ar
mouxdenia Sesabamisi reagireba da ar Seudgenia ara-
nairi dokumenti, ris safuZvelzec damrRvevi piris mi-
marT gatardeboda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi.
Amisi umoqmedobisTvis l. b. l. v-s dapirda, rom daakav-
Sirebda Tavis axloblebs da maTi meSveobiT gadascemda
300 lars. SeTanxmebisamebr, l. b. mobiluri telefoniT
daukavSirda qurduli samyaros wevr d. s-s, mouyva mas
momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb da daavala, rom dakavSirebo-
da l. v-s da sapyroblis 61-e sakanSi myofi patimrebis
ojaxis wevrebisgan e.w. qurdul saerToSi Setanili fu-
ladi Tanxebidan aeRo 300 lari da gadaeca l. v-sTvis,
ris Semdegac d. s. mobiluri telefoniT daukavSirda
l. v-s, dauTqva Sexvedra da fulis gadasacemad masTan
gagzavna, aseve qurduli samyaros wevri l. S., romelmac
es Tanxa gadasca l. v-s.
aRniSnuli qmedebiT d. s-m Caidina ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis
1-li nawiliTa da 339-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSauli~
dacvis mxaris poziciis mixedviT, rogorc ganmarta
erT-erTma gansasjelma n. n-m, Tanxis agroveba xde-
boda imis gamo, rom cixeSi autaneli pirobebi iyo da
bevrjer uxdebodaT sakanSi Tanxis Segroveba, rom el-
ementaruli sayofacxovrebo pirobebi SeeqmnaT (Tun-
dac eyidaT saponi an hqonodaT mobiluri telefoni).
`Tanxas namdvilad vagrovebdiT, magram ara `obSiakisT-
vis~, aramed TviTon Cveni pirobebis gasaumjobesebla-
do. fuls ojaxis wevrebi gvigzavnidnen da vin ityoda
daxmarebaze uars.~ analogiuri Cveneba aqvT micemuli
sxva gansasjelebsac (g. g. da sxv.). sasamarTlo gamoZie-
biT dadginda, rom gansasjelebi ara mxolod pirobe-
bis gasaumjobeseblad agrovebdnen Tanxebs patimrebis
ojaxis wevrebisgan, aramed ZiriTadad imisTvis, rom

600. 599
Tanxebis ZiriTadi nawili moxmareboda qurduli sam-
yaros miznebs da zustad am mizniT grovdeboda. aqedan
gamomdinare, sasamarTlom sworad Seafasa ra arsebuli
viTareba, ar gaiziara dacvis mxaris pozicia. sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebidan naTlad Cans, rom gansasjelebis
mier patimrebis ojaxis wevrebidan agrovebuli Tanxe-
bis garkveuli nawili xmardeboda cixis administraciis
mosyidvas,xolodidinawiliqurdulsalaroSimidioda.
magaliTad: `m. m-sa da g. n-s mier qurduli samyaros sxva
wevrebis meSveobiT, patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisgan Seg-
rovebulma, g. g-sTvis (qurduli samyaros wevri, SeniSvna
Cvenia) gadasacemi Tanxis odenobam 2006 wlis noembris-
Tvis, 2006 wlis 12 dekembrisTvis Seadgina 9816 lari~;
`qurduli samyaros wevri – v. v. romlis sacxovrebeli
binis Cxrekisas amoRebuli iqna e.w. `qurduli saerTos~
Tanxis nawili _ 9700 lari, xolo amave sapyrobilis pa-
timris C-is meuRlis g. m. sacxovrebeli binis Cxrekisas
amoRebul iqna qurduli saerTos Tanxa – 79140 lari da
50 aSS dolari~. zemoaRniSnuli msjelobidan gamomdin-
are sasamarTlom savsebiT safuZvlianad ar gaiziara gan-
sasjelebis Cveneba, rom maT Tanxebis agroveba mxolod
sapatimroSi pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad undodaT.
erT-erTi gansasjeli, l. y. sasamarTlo procesze rito-
rikul kiTxvas svams: _ `Tu Tanxis Segroveba danaSau-
lia, ratom imaT ar iWerT visac CvenTan Tanxa mohqonda,
raTa maTi axlobeli patimrebisTvis migvewodebina sx-
vadasxva nivTebi (kvebis produqtebi, saniaveblebi, sa-
poni da misT.).~ saqme imaSia, rom qurduli salarosTvis
Tanxis Segroveba sapatimro adgilebSi atarebda saval-
debulo xasiaTs da im gansasjelebis mimarT, romlebic
qurdul saerToSi ar gadaixdidnen Tanxas, tardeboda
mkacri RonisZiebebi, magaliTad fizikuri Seuracxyo-
fa, damcireba, abuCad agdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, Tavi-

601. 600
suflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi myofi patimrebis ojax-
is wevrebi, imisTvis rom damamcirebeli mopyrobisgan
gadaerCinaT TavianTi axloblebi, qurduli samyaros
wevrebs aZlevdnen garkveul mosakrebels. amitom,
gansasjeli l. y-s ritorikul kiTxvaze, SesaZlebelia
vupasuxoT, rom zogadad Tanxis agroveba ki ar aris da-
naSauli, aramed qurduli samyaros miznebisTvis misi
Sekreba. aRniSnuli Tanxebi xmardeba kriminaluri or-
ganizaciis ganviTarebas, saxelmwifo moxeleebis mosy-
idvas, legalur biznesSi investirebas da mogebis isev
kriminaluri organizaciis interesebisTvis moxmarebas
(fulis gaTeTreba) da a.S. dacvis mxaris pozicia, rom
fulis Segroveba da vinmesTvis gadacema ar niSnavs qur-
duli samyaros wevrobas, savsebiT sworad ar iqna gazi-
arebuli sasamarTlos mier, radganac fulis Segroveba
saqvelmoqmedo miznebis ganxorcielebas ki ar xmarde-
boda, aramed organizebuli danaSaulobis ganviTare-
bas.
kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli samyaros wevrobis
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze sasamarTlo praqtikis
gacnobam warmoaCina qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis
problemuroba. cnobilia, rom qmedebis marTlwinaaRm-
degobis sakiTxi erT-erTi rTuli da sadavo problemaa.
aris qmedebebi, romelTa marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxi
sisxlis samarTalSi wydeba (klasikuri deliqtebi), ma-
gram aris qmedebebi, romelTa marTlzomiereba-mar-
TlwinaaRmdegobis dasadgenad samarTlis sxva dargebs
unda mivmarToT (e.w. blanketuri muxlebi). maT Soris
unda moviazroT an/da maTTan unda gavaTanabroT e.w.
kanonmdeblobis normebi, romlebic saerTo samarTal-
Si mala prohibita-s saxeliTaa cnobili. es aris sisxlis
samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi,

602. 601
romelTa amkrZalav normebs prevenciuli (profilaq-
tikuri) mniSvneloba aqvs. maSasadame, sisxlis samarT-
lis normebs SesaZloa moraluri an Teologiuri war-
momavloba hqondes anda aRmocendes, rogorc kanon-
mdeblobis norma, swored am ukanasknel kategorias
miekuTvneba kanonieri qurdoba (ssk-is muxlis 2231
-e).
es aris sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSauli, romelsac prevenciuli, profilaqtikuri
xasiaTi aqvs. klasikuri deliqtebis marTlwinaaRmde-
gobis dadgena araviTar problemas ar warmoadgens, ma-
gram ramdenadac qurduli samyaros Sesaxeb normas arc
moraluri da arc Teologiuri warmomavloba ara aqvs,
amdenad misi marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis sakiTxs
meti sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT, mxedvelobaSia in-
dividualuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxi, rameTu,
am qmedebis kriminalizaciis dros obieqturi marTl-
winaaRmdegobis sakiTxi, ukve pozitiurad aris gadaw-
yvetili. kanonieri qurdobis problema metnaklebad
garkveulia da akrZalva yvela saRad moazrovne mokv-
davisTvis (saSualo adamiani) gasagebia, magram roca
sakiTxi exeba qurduli samyaros wevrobas, meti sifrTx-
ilea saWiro.
samarTali ori meTodiT iqmneba kanonebis miRebiT da
sasamarTlo praqtikiT. cnobilia, rom kanonSemoqmede-
ba emyareba normis formalizacias. marTlwinaaRmde-
gobis koncefciaSi aqcenti keTdeba qcevaze, romelic
kanons arRvevs. nebismieri normis darRveva sakmari-
sia, rom qceva samarTaldarRvevad Sefasdes. marTl-
winaaRmdegobis kategoria avlens logikur winaaRmde-
gobas adamianis qcevasa da sisxlis samarTlis normis
moTxovnas Soris. formaluri marTlwinaaRmdegobisT-
vis sakmarisia rom esa Tu is qceva Sefasdes rogorc

603. 602
samarTaldarRveva, magram materialuri marTlwinaaR-
mdegobis qvakuTxedia msxverplis interesebi da dasjis
aucilebloba danaSauliT darRveuli moraluri wes-
rigis (marTlwesrigis) aRsadgenad.99
amasTanave, materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis subieq-
turi wanamZRvari qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Seg-
nebaa. SesaZlebelia obieqturi marTlwinaaRmdegoba
marTlac saxeze iyos, magram adamians es subieqturad
gacnobierebuli ar hqondes, ramac SeiZleba bralis
gamoricxvamdec ki migviyvanos. Tu Cven ganzraxvis
formulas warmovidgenT, marTlac Zneli dasajerebe-
li iqneba adamians pirdapiri ganzraxviT qmedeba Seer-
acxos, mas ki ar esmodes qmedebis subieqturi Semadgen-
lobis Sinaarsi. magaliTad, SesaZlebelia e.w. `obSiakis~
SemkrebT gacnobierebuli ar hqondeT Tavisi qmedebis
marTlwinaaRmdegoba. sasamarTlo praqtikis analizis
dros amis damadasturebeli faqtebic vnaxeT.
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba
SeiZleba bralis gamoricxvis safuZvlad iqces. es ki,
samosamarTlo samarTlis prerogativaa, mtkicebis
tvirTi gadadis braldebis mxareze, xolo braldebu-
lis mimarT moqmedebs yvela eWvis mis sasargeblod gad-
awyvetis principi.
maSasadame, materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxi
samosamarTlo samarTalSi unda gairkves, sasamarTlo
praqtika ama Tu im qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciiT
qmnis danaSaulis tipis monaxazs (nimuSs), sasamarTlo
precedenti iqceva samarTaldarRvevis nimuSad (para-
digmad), amave dros, marTalia sasamarTlo precedenti
99
ix. j. fletCeri, a. naumovi, Tanamedrove sisxlis samarT-
lis ZiriTadi koncefciebi (rusul enaze, moskovi, 1997, gv.
216-240).

604. 603
meoradi da warmoebulia sisxlis samarTlis kanonidan,
magram man unda daakonkretos kanonis teqsti da Seav-
sos realuri SinaarsiT. sasamarTlo praqtikis ganxil-
vis Semdeg SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom aucilebelia qce-
vis materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis dadgena piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisTvis.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis
amJamindeli redaqciis Tanaxmad qurduli samyaros
wesebis codna da ama Tu im formiT maTi daxmareba, roca
amas sajaro moxeleebi sCadian, ar SeiZleba qurduli
samyaros wevrobisaTvis maTi devnis safuZveli gaxdes.
msgavsi qmedebisaTvis sajaro moxelem pasuxi unda agos
uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebisaTvis an gadame-
tebisaTvis da ara qurduli samyaros wevrobisaTvis.
sajaro moxeleTa erTi da igive qmedeba erTdroulad
fasdeba qurduli samyaros wevrobad da samoxeleo da-
naSaulad, rac ar migvaCnia marTebulad.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom z. C-s msjavri dasdo
uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebaSi da qurdu-
li samyaros wevrobaSi, mis mier Cadenili danaSauli
gamoxata SemdegSi: ,,z. C. muSaobda saqarTvelos ius-
ticiis saministros sasjelaRsrulebis departamen-
tisq.Tbilisis#5sapyrobileSisareJimoganyofilebis
ufrosi inspeqtoris Tanamdebobaze da iTvleboda mox-
eled. igi daudgenel drosa da viTarebaSi daukavSirda
q.Tbilisis#5sapyrobileSimoTavsebulpatimarsS.a-s,
xolo mogvianebiT am ukanasknelis meuRlis dedas q. u-s,
romelic S. a-s sityvieri davalebiT agrovebda fulad
Tanxebs qurdul samyaroSi (albad ivaraudeba saerTo
qurduli salaro, g.m.) Setanis mizniT. Mmas Tavisi sam-
saxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT hqonda ra
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q. Tbilisis #5 sapy-
robileSi moTavsebul patimrebTan Tavisuflad Sexve-

605. 604
dris saSualeba, igi amave sapyrobilis patimar a-sTan da
q. TbilisSi mcxovreb q. u-sTan winaswari SeTanxmebiT, am
ukanasknelis mier qurduli saerTos saxiT Segrovebul
fulad Tanxebs gadascemda S. a-s, misTvis upiratesobis
miRebis da qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad. z. C-s hqonda ra qurduli samyaros wevrebisTvis
finansuri daxmarebis gawevis ganzraxva, amasTan boro-
tad sargeblobda Tavisi samsaxurebrivi mdgomareo-
biT, 2006 wlis oqtomber-noembris TveebSi sxvadasxva
dros S. a-s davalebiT q. u-s arTmevda dawesebulebSi
moTavsebuli patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisgan qurduli
saerTo saxiT Segrovebul Tanxebs. kerZod, 2006 wlis 23
oqtombers man q. u-s gamoarTva sxvadasxva dros qurdu-
li saerTos saxiT Segrovili Tanxa 300 laris odenobiT.
aRniSnuli qmedebiT igi sajarod gamoxatavs qurduli
samyarosadmi mxardaWeras, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mas
aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda qurduli samyaros li-
derebTan. Ggarda amisa, z. C-s qmedebam, kerZod ki qur-
duli samyaros daxmarebam, rac gamoixata qurduli
saerToebis saxiT Segrovebuli Tanxebis maTTvis gad-
acemaSi da am qmedebiT maTTvis upiratesobis miniWeba-
Si, sazogadoebrivi interesebis arsebiTi darRveva gam-
oiwvia. zemoaRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis mas brali daedo
ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da 332-e muxlis 1-li
nawiliT.
amgvarad, sapyrobilis inspeqtoris mier e.w. qurduli
,,obSiakisaTvis~ Segrovebuli Tanxis gadacema pati-
mar S. a-sTvis erTdroulad Sefasda uflebamosilebis
borotad gamoyenebadac da qurduli samyaros wev-
robad. maSasadame, sajaro moxelis erTi da igive qmede-
ba orjer Sefasda, rogorc qurduli samyaros wevroba
da rogorc uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba, rac
samarTlebrivad sworad ar migvaCnia.

606. 605
winaswarma gamoZiebam g. a-s da g. g-s braldeba wauyena
gamoZalvisTvis da qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis,
ssk-is 181-e da 2231
-e muxlebiT. ganaCenis mixedviT, maT
mier Cadenili danaSauli gamoixata SemdegSi: ,,2006
wlis 22 ivliss n. a., romelic aris qurduli samyaros
wevri, danaSaulebrivad daukavSirda Tavis megobars,
aseve qurduli samyaros wevrs g. g-s da SeuTanxmda saqa-
rTvelos moqalaqis, erovnebiT somexis, s. b-sTvis didi
odenobiT Tanxis (10 000 aSS dolaris) gamoZalvis Ses-
axeb. ganzraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad igi g-sTan er-
Tad winaswari SeTanxmebiT, qurduli samyaros wesebis
moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad da Semdeg qurduli garCev-
ebis mowyobis daSinebiT (muqariT), TiTqos maTi nac-
nobi qurduli samyaros warmomadgenlebi apirebdnen
s. b-ze da misi ojaxis wevrebze Tavdasxmas an sxvagvar
Zaladobas, Tanxis gadaxdis SemTxvevaSi ki isini qur-
duli samyaros wevrebTan mougvarebdnen problemas
da isini aRar moaxdendnen masze da misi ojaxis wevre-
bze Tavdasxmas. Aam mizniT igi daukavSirda s. b-s ramden-
jerme, ra drosac misi da misi ojaxis wevrebis mimarT
Zaladobis gamoyenebisa da fizikuri ganadgurebis
muqariT mosTxova 10 000 aSS dolari, romelic s. b-s
unda gadaexada 2006 wlis 23 ivliss. AdaTqmul dRes,
daaxloebiT 13-sT da 40 wT-ze, q. TbilisSi, me-3 masivis
#42 korpusis mimdebare teritoriaze n. a-ma g. g-sTan
erTad winaswari SeTanxmebiT, s. b-s winaswar gamosZala
moTxovnili 10 000 aSS dolaridan 1500 aSS dolari, ra
drosac igi da g. g-va dakavebuli iqnen Sss sodis Tanam-
Sromlebis mier. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansasjelma n.
a-m wardgenil braldebaSi Tavi nawilobriv scno dam-
naSaved, kerZod gamoZalvis nawilSi da ganmarta, rom
igi 1998 wlidan icnobda s. b-s saerTo nacnobisgan. Sem-
deg ki Camouyalibda axlo urTierToba. igi 2005 wels

607. 606
ramdenjerme mivida masTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad,
erTxel im mizeziT, rom mas da mis megobars, miSas viRac
lotkinelebi awuxebdnen, rom narkotikebis gamsaRe-
blebi iyvnen. b-m icoda, rom is policiaSi muSaobda da
amitom mivida masTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad. sami Tvis
Semdeg s. b-ma kvlav sTxova mas daxmareba, axla sabur-
Taloelebis mxridan Sewuxebis motiviT. igi mis mier
dabarebul iqna saministroSi, raTa oficialurad gae-
formebinaT Ppataki. magram s. b-anma ganacxada, rom ar
undoda policiis Careva. cota xnis Semdeg kvlav mivida
da sTxova megobari gogos daxmareba, maT dailaparakes
da Semdeg daSordnen. rodesac s. b-anma igi saxlSi mi-
iyvana, a-m uTxra s-s, SeeSvi am saqmeso. man ki upasuxa,
rom mas saerTo araferi hqonda saqmesTan. man ki upa-
suxa, rom aba tyuilad xom ar Segawuxebeno. am dros
gauCnda idea gamoZalvasTan dakavSirebiT da s. b-ans
erT-erT Sexvedrisas mouyva, Tu rogor Seeswrnen is da
misi megobari saubars restoranSi g. g-s biZasTan da sxva
saeWvo pirebTan erTad, sadac masze saubrobdnen qur-
duli samyaros wevrebi da fiqrobdnen mis dayaCaRebas
da fulis gamoZalvas 30 000 laris odenobiT, muqariTa
da raRac moqmedebebis iZulebiT. versiebi, romelsac is
uyveboda b-ans yvela gamogonili da mofiqrebuli iyo
mis mier, g-m amis Sesaxeb gaigo mogvianebiT, rodesac
mas ukve naTqvami hqonda b-sTvis Tanxisa da muqaris Ses-
axeb. b-ani mis monayols miiRebda realur muqarad; b-ani
g. g-s ar icnobda da amitom misi CarTva am saqmeSi ufro
damajerebeli iqneboda. am monayolidan 10 dRis Semdeg
b-ani kvlav mivida masTan da mouyva misi dayaCaRebis
ambavi. yaCaRobis is detalebi, romlebsac is da g. g-va
eubnebodnen s. b-ans misive monayolidan icodnen da
ubralod avrcobdnen. Tavidan konkretul Tanxaze ar
saubrobdnen, mere wamovida 10 000 aSS dolarze lapara-
ki; b-anis dayaCaRebis Sesaxeb g. g-vam gaigo, rodesac
is TbilisSi dabrunda. b-anis dayaCaRebis dros g. g-va

608. 607
TbilisSi ar imyofeboda, axloblis dakrZalvaze iyo
wasuli. sabolood is da s. b-ani SeTanxmdnen 5 000 aSS
dolarze. 2006 wlis 23 ivliss Sedga Sexvedra massa da
s. b-ans Soris. Sexvedrisas s. b-anma mas gadasca Tanxa 1
500 aSS dolaris odenobiT, ra drosac igi dakavebuli
iqna. rac Seexeba qurdul samyarosTan kavSirs, g. g-m
uaryo da ganmarta, rom igi 1995 wlidan 2005 wlis bo-
lomde muSaobda Sinagan saqmeTa saministros dazvervis
samsaxurSi. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansasjelma g. g-m
wardgenil braldebaSi Tavi nawilobriv scno damna-
Saved, kerZod, gamoZalvis nawilSi da ganmarta, rom igi
2006 wlis ivlisis TveSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi imy-
ofeboda axloblis dakrZalvaze. s. b-anis dayaCaRebis
Sesaxeb detalebi mas mouyva n. a-ma. Semdeg es detalebi
iqna swored gamoyenebuli masTan saubarSi da aqedan
gauCnda eWvi da irwmuna albaT kidec s. b-anma, rom man
icoda dayaCaRebis Sesaxeb. roca is dabrunda TbilisSi
misTvis cnobili gaxda n. a-s mier dawyebuli saubari da
man uTxra modi ese gavakeToTo, zedmeti fuli aravis
awyenso; misTvis ucnobi iyo s. b-anis damyaCaReblebi.
maT mier es ambavi mogonili iyo. is piradad ar icnobda
s. b-ans, es iyo dadgmuli speqtakli. is ramdenjerme Sex-
vda s. b-ans ,,koRos~ zedmetsaxeliT da esaubra viTomda
mosmenili muqarisa da maTi SesaZlo asrulebis Sesaxeb.
s. b-ani sTxovda Seexvedrebina is qurdebisaTvis. misi
ganmartebiT ki is amas verc gaakeTebda radgan ara-
visTan hqonia Sexeba. misi ganmartebiT zedmetsaxeli
,,koRo’’ policiaSi muSaobisas Searqves; moTxovnili
Tanxa Seadgenda 10 000 aSS dolars, DSeTanxmdnen 5 000 aSS
dolaris gadacemaze, sabolood ki gadaxdil iqna 1 500
aSS dolari. is, rom biZamisi viTom qurdi iyo, qalaqSi
mis Camosvlamde ukve icoda s. b-anma da veRar gadaTq-
vamda. qurdul samyaros wevrobasTan dakavSirebiT ki
ganmarta: 1989 wlidan 1996 wlamde muSaobda Sinagan
saqmeTa saministroSi. 1991 wels tyved Cavarda samaCab-
loSi da 1992 wels gaTavisuflda.

609. 608
sasamarTlom ganixila ra sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
masalebi, moismina gansasjelebis, dazaralebulis da
mowmeTa Cvenebebi, gaanaliza isini saqmeze Sekrebil
da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamokvleul sxva mtkiceb-
ulebebTan erTobliobaSi da miiCnia, rom sasamarTlo
gamoZiebis dros dadastureba ver hpova winaswari
gamoZiebiT dadgenilad miCneulma garemoebam imis Ses-
axeb, rom gansasjelebma a-ma da g-m Caidines ssk-is 2231
-e
muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. e.i.
qurduli samyaros wevroba. qurduli samyaros wevria
piri romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aqtiurad
moqmedebs qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad. qurduli samyaros wevroba ar iqneba maSin rode-
sac pirs ara aqvs kavSiri aseT samyarosTan da moqmedebs
damoukideblad. amasTanave, sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas
ver dadasturda maTi kavSiri qurdul samyarosTan,
isini moqmedebdnen damoukideblad. maT mier dasaxele-
buli piri rogorc qurduli samyaros wevri, ar aris re-
alurad is pirovneba, maT mier es faqti mogonili iyo
mxolod maTi versiis gasamagreblad, raTa b-anisTvis
gamoeZalaT fuli. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom orTave piri
warsulSi iyvnen policiis TanamSromlebi, erT-erTi
maTgani ki wlebis ganmavlobaSi aqtiur monawileobas
iRebda damnaSaveTa samyaros winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mixedviT yovelgvari
eWvi piris damnaSaved cnobisTvis mtkicebulebaTa
utyuarobisa da sakmarisobis Taobaze unda gadawydes
gansasjelis sasargeblod. sasamarTlo procesze mowme
e. g-m, romelic saqmeSi moixsenieba rogorc qurduli
samyaros wevri da romlis daxmarebiTac gansasjelebi
apirebdnen b-anis problebis mogvarebas, dakiTxvisas
ganmarta rom mas aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs qurdul
samyarosTan da misTvis saerTod ucnobia, vin aris s.
b-ani. mxolod eWvi ar SeiZleba gansasjelebis ssk-is

610. 609
2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT msjavrdebis safuZveli
gaxdes. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo
mivida im daskvnamde, rom sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros
ver iqna mopovebuli sakmarisi da utyuari mtkicebule-
bebi imis Sesaxeb, rom a-ma da g-m Caidines 2231
-e muxlis
1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, e.i. qur-
duli samyaros wevroba. sssk-is me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad
ki, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni unda emyarebodes mxolod
utyuar mtkicebulebebs da yovelgvari eWvi, romelic
ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda gadaw-
ydes gansasjelebis sasargeblod.~
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 27 Teberv-
lis ganaCeniT, maT wardgenili braldebidan amouricxa
ssk-is 2231
-e muxli da msjavri dasdo mxolod gamoZal-
visTvis.
saqalaqo sasamarTlo daemyara im garemoebebs, rom
rogorc n. a., ise, g. g. yofili policielebi iyvnen. n. a.
1996-2005 wlebSi muSaobda policiaSi, araerTi madloba
aqvs miRebuli samsaxureobrivi movaleobis keTilsin-
disieri SesrulebisTvis. aseve yofili policielia g. g.
sakiTxavia, kriminalur samyarosTan mebrZolebi rogor
gadaiqcnen qurduli samyaros wevrebad? rogorc saqmi-
dan irkveva, qurdul samyarosTan kavSiri maTi fantazi-
is nayofia, raTa gaadvilebodaT fulis gamoZalva. isini
aRiarebdnen gamoZalvis faqts, magram uaryofdnen qur-
duli samyaros wevrobas. saqmeSi ar moipoveba maTi qur-
dul samyarosTan kavSiris damadasturebeli arc erTi
mtkicebuleba da saqalaqo sasamarTlo sworad moiqca
roca maT mouxsna braldeba ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli instanciis sasa-
marTlo stadiaze sisxlis samarTlis saqme ar dasrule-

611. 610
bula, radganac braldebis mxarem saapelacio saCivriT
moiTxova saqmis xelaxali ganxilva, msjavrdebulebis
damnaSaved cnoba ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da
181-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~ da ,,g~ punqtebiT, Tbili-
sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCenSi cvlilebis Setana
da n. a-sa da g. g-sTvis sasjelis gamkacreba. Tbilisis
saapelacio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 1 ivnisis ganaCeniT
maT kvlav dasdo msjavri qurduli samyaros wevrobisT-
vis. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT:
,,saapelacio sasamarTlom gaiziara prokuraturis
saapelacio saCivris moTxovna, rom msjavdebulebi dam-
naSaved unda iqnen cnobili ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis 1-li
nawiliT, ramdenadac miiCnia rom dazaralebulisagan
fulis gamoZalvisas isini moqmedebdnen qurduli wese-
bis Sesabamisad, dazaralebuls pirdebodnen xelSeux-
eblobis garantias im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi maT gadaux-
dida garkveuli odenobis fulad Tanxas, romelic Sem-
dgom TiTqos unda gadaecaT im pirebisaTvis romlebic
apirebdnen b-anis ojaxze Tavdasxmas. palata yura-
dRebas miaqcevs im garemoebas, rom msjavrdebulma n. a-m
b-ani masze mosalodneli Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb gaafrTxi-
la 2006 wlis ivnisis bolos, xolo b-anis ojaxze yaCaRu-
ri Tavdasxma ganxorcielda 2006 wlis 4 ivliss. palata
ver gaiziarebs gasaCivrebuli ganaCenis dasabuTebas,
rom msjavrdebulebi moqmedebdnen damoukideblad da
maTi mxridan qurdul samyarosTan kavSiri mogonili
iyo fulis gamoZalvis versiis gasamagreblad, radgan
dazaralebul b-anis CvenebiT dadgenilia rom igi daay-
aCaRes n. as-Tan Sexvedridan erTi kviris Semdeg da day-
aCaRebis Semdeg SiSi realurad aRiqva, miTumetes g.g-m
mouyva iseTi raRaceebi, rac mas aravisTvis mouyolia
da mxolod man da misma meuRlem icodnen, ramac sabo-
lood daarwmuna msjavrdebulebis kavSirSi qurdul
samyarosTan. saqarTvelos 2005 wlis 20 dekembris kano-

612. 611
niT organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb, qur-
duli samyaro aris pirTa nebismieri erToba, romelic
moqmedebs maT mier dadgenili an aRiarebuli special-
uri wesebis Sesabamisad da romlis mizania daSinebiT,
muqariT, iZulebiT, danaSaulis CadeniT misi wevrebisT-
vis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba. gasaCivrebuli
ganaCenis argumentacia, rom msjavrdebulebi warsulSi
iyvnen policiis TanamSromlebi, TavisTavad ar gamor-
icxavs qurduli samyaros wevrobas. msjavrdebulebi
swored zemoT miTiTebuli gziT, qurduli samyarosT-
vis misaRebi meTodebis gamoyenebiT cdilobdnen sarge-
blis miRebas.~
migvaCnia, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom swori
gadawyvetileba miiRo da saapelacio sasamarTlos misi
Secvlis safuZveli ar hqonda. saqalaqo sasamarTlos
msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom `qurduli samyaros wevria
piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aqtiurad
moqmedebs qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad. qurduli samyaros wevroba ar iqneba maSin, rode-
sac pirs ara aqvs kavSiri aseT samyarosTan da moqmedebs
damoukideblad. amasTanave, sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas
ver dadasturda maTi kavSiri qurdul samyarosTan,
isini moqmedebdnen damoukideblad~ _ obieqturia da
migvaCnia dasabuTebulad. qurduli samyaros wevroba
ar SeiZleba calmxrivad, iseve rogorc teroristuli
organizaciis an bandis wevroba. kriminaluri orga-
nizaciis wevrobis dros aucilebelia saxeze iyos orga-
nizaciis mxridan aRniSnuli piris miReba Tavis rigebSi,
misi qmedebebis gamarTleba, an mowoneba. yovelSemTx-
vevaSi piris garkveuli kavSiri mainc unda dadgindes
kriminalur organizaciasTan. magaliTad, Tu martox-
ela teroristma ganaxorciela teroristuli aqti da
aRmoCnda, rom aRniSnuli aqti ganxorcielda romelime

613. 612
teroristuli organizaciis xelweriT, magram orga-
nizacia ar cnobs danaSaulis Camden pirs, ar dgindeba
kavSiri aRniSnul organizaciasTan, msoflioSi mkacri
antiteroristuli kanonmdeblobis da sasamarTlo
praqtikismiuxedavad,aRniSnulpirsverCavTvliTter-
oristuli organizaciis wevrad. SesaZlebelia, bral-
debis mxarem da saapelacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom
policiis TanamSromlebi moqmedebdnen qurduli sam-
yarosTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelweriT, magram rogorc
sworad miuTiTa pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, Tu
ar dgindeba kavSiri kriminalur organizaciasTan, anu
kriminaluri organizacia Tavis mxriv ar aRiarebs maT
Tavis wevrad, qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis pasux-
ismgeblobis dakisreba ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnes mar-
Tebulad.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 21 aprilis
ganaCeniT v. x-s, z. u-s, g. y-s, z. j-s, x. o-s msjavri dae-
doT qurduli samyaros daxmarebisaTvis ssk-is 24-e,
2231
-e muxliT da samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis
borotad gamoyenebisTvis ssk-is 332-e muxliT. winas-
warma gamoZiebam maT brali dasdo qurduli samyaros
wevrobaSi 2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da qrTamis aRe-
baSi 338-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT. maT mier Cadenili da-
naSauli gamoixata SemdegSi: muSaobdnen ra iusticiis
saministros sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis #5 sa-
pyrobileSi da warmoadgendnen sxvadasxva rangis mox-
eleebs, gamoxatavdnen qurduli samyarosadmi aqtiur
mxardaWeras, qurduli samyaros liderebis, a. k-sa da
z. k-sgan miRebuli davalebebis SesrulebiT, xels uwy-
obdnen qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas,
e.w. `qurduli saerTos~ Segrovebas. isini borotad iy-
enebdnen samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebiT ganpirobe-
bul SesaZleblobebs, angarebis motiviT, q. Tbilisis

614. 613
#5 sapyrobilis 49-e sakanSi myof qurduli samyaros
liderebs a. k-sa da z. k-s, maTTvis privilegiebis miniWe-
biT da xelsayreli pirobebis SeqmniT, aqtiurad exmare-
bodnen qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebaSi,
garda amisa, isini sapyrobileSi myof patimrebs gadas-
cemdnen axloblebisgan miwodebul sxvadasxva sayo-
facxovrebo daniSnulebis nivTebs, axorcielebdnen
samsaxureobriv mfarvelobas, xolo gaweuli samsax-
uris sanacvlod iRebdnen qrTams, fuladi Tanxebisa
da mono baraTebis saxiT, rac warmoadgenda qurduli
samyaros wevrebis mier garkveuli privilegiebis mini-
Webis sanacvlod cixis TanamSromlebisTvis daniSnul
araoficialur xelfass _ qrTams.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCeniT sapyrobil-
is zemoaRniSnuli moxeleebi ssk-is 338-e muxlis pirve-
li nawiliT wardgenil braldebaSi gamarTldnen. amave
dros isini cnobil iqnen damnaSaved ssk-is 24-e, 2231
-e
muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli da 332-e mux-
lis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cade-
naSi. saapelacio saCivari ar dakmayofilda.
sainteresoa is faqti, rom sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-
bulebis moxeleebs marTalia qrTamis aRebis braldeba
mouxsna sasamarTlom, magram ganaCenSi mainc aRniSnu-
lia, rom satelefono saubrebis faruli miyuradeba-
Caweris krebsebiT dgindeba, moxeleTa mier samsax-
ureobrivi mfarvelobis ganxorcielebisTvis fuladi
Tanxebis aReba. ganaCenSi ar Cans, ra Sefaseba eZleva
am faqtebs. samotivacio nawilSi mocemuli msjeloba,
kerZod samsaxureobrivi mfarvelobis ganxorcielebi-
sTvis fuladi Tanxebis aReba moxelis mxridan warmoad-
gens qrTamis aRebis Semadgenlobas. migvaCnia, rom sa-
samarTlos qrTamis aRebis braldeba gansasjelebisT-
vis ar unda moexsna.

615. 614
amave dros, ucnaurad JRers sapyrobilis moxeleTa
mier qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi daxmareba. is, rom
sajaro moxele sajaro interesis sawinaaRmdegod
borotad iyenebs samsaxureobriv uflebamosilebas,
ukanono privilegiebs aniWebda patimrebs da mfarvel-
obas uwevda, raSic TavisTvis raime gamorCenas iRebda,
isedac moculia ssk-is 332-e muxlis kanonismieri Semad-
genlobiT da damatebiTi kvalifikacia qurduli sam-
yaros wevrobaSi daxmarebisTvis zedmetia. vfiqrobT,
rom danaSaulTa erTobliobiT gansasjelebs ar unda
SeracxodaT ssk-is 24-e, 2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da
332-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba,
am danaSaulTagan an erTi unda yofiliyo an meore, imi-
tom rom, Tuki moxelis mier uflebamosilebis borotad
gamoyeneba gamoixata patimrebisTvis ukanono privil-
egiebis miniWebaSi, maSin qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi
daxmareba saxeze aRaraa da piriqiT.
nona Todua
samarTlis doqtori
& 4. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdobis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis anal-
izi (nawili meore)
qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba
2005 wlis 20 dekembris kanoniT saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsSi SemoRebul iqna axali norma _
qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba (2231
-e
m.uxli), romelmac mravali kiTxvis niSani gaaCina
rogorc swavlul, ise praqtikos iuristebSi.
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis Si-

616. 615
naarsis gasarkvevad, unda mivmarToT saqarTvelos 2005
wlis 20 dekembris kanons `organizebuli danaSaulisa
da reketis Sesaxeb~...
Cven mier Seswavlil iqna sasamarTlo praqtika am kat-
egoriis saqmeebze da aRmoCnda, rom igi xarveziania.
amis erT-erTi mizezi aris Tavad kanonis gaumarTaoba.
Tumca, aris SemTxveva, roca sasamarTloebs arasworad
esmiT kanonis Sinaarsi.
sainteresoa, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi rogoraa gagebu-
li, Tu ras niSnavs qurduli samyaros wevroba, kerZod:
rogor gavigoT kanonis moTxovna, rom piri aRiarebs
qurdul samyaros, cxovrobs qurduli samyaros spe-
cialuri wesebis Sesabamisad, rom Tavisi aqtiuri moq-
medebiT xels uwyobs qurduli samyaros miznebis ganx-
orcielebas.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-
los mier 2007 wlis 19 Tebervals g. g-Zis mimarT gamot-
anili ganaCeni, romliTac mas msjavri daedo ssk 2231
-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliT, 239-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `a~
qvepunqtiTadaamavemuxlisme-3nawiliT(saqme#1/6060-
06). Gg-Zes sabraldebo daskvniT brali edeboda masSi,
rom Caidina qurduli samyaros wevroba da xulignoba,
e.i. qmedeba, romelic uxeSad arRvevs sazogadoebriv
wesrigsa da gamoxatavs aSkara upativcemulobas sa-
zogadoebisadmi, Cadenili cecxlsasroli iaraRis an ia-
raRad sxva sagnis gamoyenebiT, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
`g. g-Ze cnobs da aRiarebs ra qurdul samyaros, Tavisi
cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs mis mxardaWeras,
igi dRemde cxovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri
wesebis Sesabamisad, aqtiuri urTierToba da kavSiri
aqvs qurduli samyaros wevrebTan, kerZod, d. w-Tan, am-

617. 616
Jamad ZebnaSi myof b. w-Tan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels
uwyobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs
sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganx-
orcielebasTan dakavSirebul davalebebs, razec axdens
danaSaulebrivi gegmebis SemuSavebas. g. g-Ze qurduli
samyaros sxva wevrebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri moq-
medebiT xels uwyobs qurduli samyaros miznebis ganx-
orcielebas, qurduli samyaros daudgenel wevrebTan
erTad, sargeblis miRebis mizniT, monawileobs qurdul
garCevebSi da cdilobs qurduli samyaros specialuri
wesebis gavrcelebas.~
es braldeba sasamarTlom mTlianad dadasturebulad
cno, magram Tu gadavxedavT saqmis masalebs, davrwmun-
debiT, rom braldeba saTanado mtkicebulebas ar em-
yareba.
vnaxoT, Tu konkretulad raSi gamoixata g-Zis qmedeba.
ganaCenis mixedviT: `2006 wlis 6 ivniss g. g-Ze Tavis me-
gobar s. a-ZesTan erTad mivida q. TbilisSi, Zmebi zub-
alaSvilebis quCaze arsebul gaCerebasTan mdgar kerZo
taqsis mZRol n. s-SvilTan da imis gamo, rom wina dRiT
am ukanasknelma mas taqsiT momsaxurebis sanacvlod
gamoarTva garkveuli Tanxa, rogorc qurduli samyaros
warmomadgenelma da avtoritetma, Tavi igrZno Seu-
racxyofilad da amis gamo mas dauwyo saqmis garCeva, ra
drosac saxeSi gaartya xeli, agina dedis misamarTiT da
SeafurTxa saxeSi, aseve aginebda da afurTxebda saxeSi
s. a-Ze. xulignuri qmedebis dros maT xelSi ekavaT dane-
bi. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, zubalaSvilebis quCaze
Seferxda moZraoba da Seikriba xalxi, riTac g. g-Zem
aSkarad gamoxata sazogadoebisadmi upativcemuloba.
SemTxvevis adgilze Sekrebilma moqalaqeebma scades
daewynarebinaT isini da maTi daxmarebiT n. s-Svilma

618. 617
moaxerxa gaqceva. 2006 wlis 08 ivniss n. s-Svili kvlav
mivida avtomanqaniT zubalaSvilebis quCaze da elode-
boda klients. daaxloebiT 16:00 saaTze masTan mivida
g. g-Ze da kvlav dauwyo gineba ucenzuro sityvebiT da
daniT, marjvena xelis areSi miayena nakveTi Wriloba,
riTac man Tavisi qceviT kvlav daarRvia sazogadoe-
brivi wesrigi da gamoxata maT mimarT aSkara upativce-
muloba. SemTxvevis adgilze Sekrebili xalxis CareviT
n. s-Svilma kvlav SeZlo gaqceva, ra drosac mas daedevna
g. g-Ze Tavis megobrebTan k. t-Tan, s. a-Zesa da vinme T-
sTan erTad, isini daewien n. s-Svils, ra drosac g. g-Zem
Tavis areSi daniT miayena dazianeba. n. s-Svili daeca as-
faltze da waqceuls g. g-Zem, k. t-Sma da s. a-Zem danebiT
sxeulis sxvadasxva adgilas miayenes dazianebebi, Tan
scemdnen fexebiT. am dros n. s-Svilma dakarga goneba,
ris Semdegac misi simamris, r. S-Svilis, mier igi avto-
manqaniT gadayvanil iqna #5 klinikur saavadmyofoSi.~
esaa is faqtobrivi garemoeba, razec damyarebulia g. g-
Zis braldeba.
mivyveT braldebas etapobrivad. braldebis pirveli
monakveTi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: `g. g-Ze cnobs da aRi-
arebs ra qurdul samyaros, Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT
sajarod gamoxatavs mis mxardaWeras, igi dRemde cx-
ovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabam-
isad.~
riTaa dadasturebuli es braldeba? rogorc ganaCenSi
aRwerili saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebidan Cans, masSi
gadmocemulia g-Zisa da misi megobrebis mier xulignuri
motiviT Cadenili Cxubisa da Zaladobis faqti s-Svilis
mimarT. es ki utyuarad ar adasturebs g-Zis mier qur-
duli samyaros aRiarebisa da qurduli samyaros spe-

619. 618
cialuri wesebis Sesabamisad cxovrebis faqts, radgan
qurduli samyaros wevrTa qmedeba unda Seesabamebodes
am wesebs da mimarTuli unda iyos sargeblis miRebisaken
(zemoTxsenebuli kanonis me-3 muxli).
rogor unda daadginos sasamarTlom, Tu raSi gamoix-
ateba es specialuri wesebi? arada misi dadgena aucile-
belia, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia imis
mtkiceba, rom vinmes qmedeba Seesabameba (an ar Seesabam-
eba) am wesebs. praqtikulad saqarTvelos kanonmdebelma
2231
-e muxlis saxiT SemogvTavaza blanketuri dispozi-
cia, romlis Semadgenlobis dadgenisTvis aucilebelia
vicnobdeT specialur wesebs (e.w. qurdul kanonebs).
mTeli problema isaa, rom sasamarTlosTvis rTuli
saqmea moipovos is wesebi, rac dadgenilia damnaSaveTa
samyaros mier da rac periodul cvalebadobas ganic-
dis (arada es wesebi da Sesabamisi cvlilebebi saxelm-
wifos mier miRebuli normatiuli aqtebisgan gansxvave-
biT, ar qveyndeba presaSi an sxva beWdviT gamocemaSi).
mosamarTlem, iseve rogorc yvela Cvenganma, SesaZloa
mxolod yurmokvriT icodes maT Sesaxeb, magram saidan
unda daadginos am wesis Sinaarsi?
gansaxilvel ganaCenSi sasamarTlo braldebas sxva mt-
kicebulebiT amyarebs. aseT mtkicebulebad CaiTvala
mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romelTa Sinaarsis gacnobiT ad-
vilad vrwmundebiT, rom isini gadmogvcemen g-Zis mi-
marT Seqmnil sazogadoebriv azrs, rac utyuarad ver
asabuTebs imas, rom g-Ze swored am wesebis Sesabamisad
moqmedebda. amasTanave mowmeebs magaliTad ver mohyavT
Tundac erTi konkretuli SemTxveva, rac daadasturebs
mis mier aqtiuri qmedebis Cadenas qurduli samyaros
miznebis Sesabamisad, rac aucilebelia am muxliT qmede-
bis kvalifikaciisTvis.

620. 619
kerZod, mowme g. g-Svilis Cveneba, romelic acxadebs,
rom muSaobs sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q.
Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi operatiul morige TanaSem-
wed 1988 wlidan da icnobs yvela Semosul braldebuls,
Tu vin iyo da romel sakanSi ixdida sasjels. 1995 wlis
aprilSi #49 sakanSi, romelic gankuTvnili iyo qurdu-
li tradiciebis matarebeli pirebisaTvis, Sesaxlebuli
iqna g. g-Ze. Sesabamisad, igi patimrebSi sargeblobda
yvela im privilegiebiT, riTac sargeblobdnen kanon-
ieri qurdebi da danarCeni avtoritetebi (s.f. 37-e, sa-
samarT. sxdomis oqmi, s.f. 370).
sasamarTlom erT-erT mtkicebulebad CaTvala swored
es Cveneba, romlis wakiTxvisas nebismier iurists ram-
denime kiTxva spontanurad gauCndeba: 1. g-Ze marTlac
iyo am sakanSi moTavsebuli da sargeblobda raime priv-
ilegiebiT? Kkargi iqneboda, sasamarTlos amis damadas-
turebeli dokumenti moepovebina; 2. 1995 wels, roca
ar arsebobda kanoni `organizebuli danaSaulisa da
reketis Sesaxeb~ da ssk-Si arc 2231
-e muxlis Sesabamisi
norma arsebobda, dRes raSi gamogvadgeba 1995 wels g-
Zis cxovrebis wesis gaxseneba? am CvenebaSi xom araferia
naTqvami imaze, rom g-Ze dRemde cxovrobs qurduli sa-
myaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad? sasamarTlos
ar gaurkvevia, raSi gamoixateba es specialuri wesebi.
maS, saidan keTdeba daskvna, rom g-Ze cxovrobs (an Tun-
dac cxovrobda) swored am wesebis Sesabamisad?
sasamarTlom g-Zis braldebis mtkicebulebad aseve CaT-
vala mowme n. o-lis Cveneba, romelic daaxloebiT erTi
welia muSaobs q. Tbilisis mTawminda-krwanisis saubno
ganyofilebis ufros inspeqtorad, romelmac uCvena,
rom mis kompetenciaSia me-3 seqtoris mosaxleobis aR-
wera, romelSic Sedis zubalaSvilebis quCaze mdebare

621. 620
#30 saxli, sadac I sadarbazos me-5 sarTulze cxovrobs
m. r-Ze da n. S-Ze. mosaxleobis aRricxvis warmoebis pro-
cesSi, am ukanasknelTa mezoblebma misces damatebiTi
informacia masze, rom makas hyavda meore qmari _ g. g-Ze,
romelic aris e.w. kanonieri qurdi, qurduli tradicie-
bis matarebeli, narkotikebis momxmarebeli, ubanSi aw-
yobs garCevebs da rom mTeli mezoblebi Sewuxebulebi
arian aRniSnuli pirovnebiT. man (o-lma) aRniSnuli in-
formacia miawoda Tavis xelmZRvanelobas, Tumca maT es
cnoba ar gakvirvebiaT, radgan icodnen g-Zis pirovnebis
Sesaxeb (s.f. 40-41; sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi, s.f. 370-e).
inspeqtor o-lis Cveneba ar SeiZleba utyuar mtkice-
bulebead CaiTvalos, radgan igi gvawvdis informa-
cias, romlis warmoSobis wyarosac ki ver asaxelebs (m.
r-Zis `viRac mezoblebma~ uTxres). sakiTxavia, marTla
uTxres? riTaa es dadasturebuli? saidan icodnen maT,
rom g-Ze ubanSi garCevebs swored qurduli wesebis Se-
sabamisad awyobda, saerTod `saqmis gasarCevad~ gana
aucilebelia qurduli wesebis gamoyeneba? Qqurduli
garCevis gverdiT xom arsebobs reketuli garCevac? an
sadaa konkretuli faqti aseTi garCevisa? aseve sakiTxa-
via, es informacia o-lma marTlac miawoda Tavis xelmZ-
Rvanelobas? araviTari dokumenti amaze ar arsebobs.
im braldebis gasamyareblad, rom g-Ze aRiarebs qur-
dul samyaros da dRemde cxovrobs qurduli samyaros
wesebis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo erT-erT mtkiceb-
ulebad miiCnevs aseve mowme spartak a-Zis Cvenebas. es is
pirovnebaa, romelic dazaralebul s-lis mimarT g-Zis
mier ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis orive epizodSi (jer
6 ivniss da mere 8 ivniss) aqtiur monawileobas iRebda
daniT xelSi. igi ratomRac mowmis statusSi mogvevlina.
arada g-Zes bralad Seracxuli aqvs xulignoba, Cadeni-
li winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier (239-e muxlis me-2

622. 621
nawili), sadac am jgufis wevrad moxsenebulia s. a-Zec.
igi iyo dazaralebul s-lis naTesavi. a-Zem kiTxvaze, Tu
ratom ar miexmara Tavis naTesav s-ls da ratom dadga
g-Zis mxares, upasuxa, rom ar undoda urTierTobis ga-
fuWeba iseTi kategoriis xalxTan, rogoric aris g-Ze,
xolo s-ls mere daelaparakeboda da advilad auxsnida
yvelafers. man aseve ganacxada, rom g-Ze adre iyo kanon-
ieri qurdi, magram axlac aris Tu ara, ar icis, Tumca
aqve dasZens, rom igi qurduli tradiciebis mimdevaria,
ubanSi `kai biWis~ saxeliT sargeblobs.
ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli aseTi Cveneba (sadac aranairi
faqti araa moyvanili) CaiTvalos mtkicebulebad qur-
duli samyaros wevrobis bralad SeracxvisTvis?
rogorc viciT, `organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~ kanonis Tanaxmad, qurduli samyaros wevri aris
nebismieri piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da
aqtiurad moqmedebs qurduli samyaros miznebis gansax-
orcieleblad.
amdenad, saxeze unda iyos ori kumulaciuri piroba: 1.
piri unda aRiarebdes qurdul samyaros; 2. igi aqtiurad
moqmedebdes am samyaros miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
rogor gavigoT `aRiarebs qurdul samyaros~?
sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT dgindeba, rom xSirad
qurduli samyaros aRiareba dadasturebulad miaCniaT,
Tuki am pirze sazogadoebis nawilSi (nacnobebSi, mezo-
blebSi) Seqmnilia azri, rom igi qurduli tradiciebis
mimdevaria.
sinamdvileSi ki am braldebis samtkiceblad araa sak-
marisi imis dadgena, Tu rogoria sazogadoebis nawilis
azri am piris mimarT. ufro metic, amis samtkiceblad

623. 622
arc isaa sakmarisi, rom Tavad es piri acxadebs mis kav-
Sirze qurdul samyarosTan (ganaCenSi mosamarTle erT-
erT mtkicebulebad miiCnevs gagniZis satelefono sau-
bris krebsiTi amonaweris erT adgils, sadac gagniZe
vinme daTos kiTxvaze, aris Tu ara is qurdi, pasuxobs:
`daviT, qurdi var da qurdi viqnebi~ _ix. s.f. 371-e). ase-
Ti Cveneba SesaZlebelia, CaiTvalos erT-erT mtkiceb-
ulebad sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTad.
mainc ratom araa sakmarisi? amis mizezi ramdenimea.
pirveli _ adamiani sxvadasxva mosazrebiT SeiZleba
ibralebdes, rom igi aRiarebs am samyaros, sinamdvileSi
ki sul sxva cxovrebis wesiT cxovrobdes (niSandobliv-
ia, rom g-Ze sasamarTlo procesze acxadebs, rom igi
aris qarTuli tradiciebis mimdevari da qurduli
tradiciebi aravisTan gamouvlenia); meore _ SesaZloa,
piri marTlac guliT aRiarebdes am samyaros, magram
es mainc araa sakmarisi, radgan `aRiarebs qurdul sam-
yaros~ niSnavs ara calmxriv, aramed ormxriv aRiarebas.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ara marto es piri unda aRiareb-
des qurdul samyaros, aramed Tavad qurduli samyaroc
unda aRiarebdes mas rogorc am samyaros wevrs, e.i. es
piri qurduli samyaros mier miRebuli unda iyos am sam-
yaros wevrad.
saidan keTdeba aseTi daskvna? es daskvna gamomdinare-
obs uSualod kanonis moTxovnidan. kerZod, rogorc
vTqviT, qurduli samyaros wevrobis meore pirobaa is,
rom piri aqtiurad moqmedebs am samyaros miznebis gan-
saxorcieleblad. es ki imas niSnavs, rom piris aqtiuri
moqmedebiT (magaliTad, e.w. `obSiakis~ SekrebiT, qur-
duli garCeviT da sxva) igi axorcielebs qurduli sam-
yaros miznebs, exmareba maT am miznebis (sargeblis miRe-
bis) realizebaSi da es urTierTSeTanxmebuli procesia.

624. 623
Tuki piri damoukideblad moqmedebs, rogorc e.w. `adi-
noCka’, mas ar cnobs qurduli samyaro, aseT pirobebSi
misi qmedeba xels ver Seuwyobs qurduli samyaros miz-
nebis ganxorcielebas da igi ver CaiTvleba im samyaros
wevrad, romlis warmomadgenlebi ar cnoben mas da ar
sargebloben misi aqtiuri moqmedebis SedegebiT.
gamomdinare aqedan, unda davaskvnaT, rom qurduli sam-
yaros mxolod calmxrivi aRiareba ver CaiTvleba qur-
duli samyaros wevrobad ara marto imitom, rom saxeze
araa meore aucilebeli piroba (aqtiuri moqmedeba),
aramed imitomac, rom es piri araa aRiarebuli am sam-
yaros mier (e.i. saxeze araa zemoTxsenebuli kanonis
pirveli pirobac).
gansaxilvel ganaCenSi sasamarTlo cdilobs daamtki-
cos, rom g-Ze aRiarebulia qurdul samyaroSi da maT-
Tan SeTanxmebiT moqmedebs. masze wardgenil bralde-
baSi vkiTxulobT, rom mas: `... aqtiuri urTierToba aqvs
qurduli samyaros wevrebTan, kerZod, d. w-Tan, amJamad
ZebnaSi myof b. w-Tan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels uw-
yobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs sx-
vadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganxor-
cielebasTan dakavSirebul davalebebs, razec axdens
danaSaulebrivi gegmis SemuSavebas...~
braldebis es monakveTic saqmis masalebiT araa saTana-
dod dasabuTebuli. ufro metic, zogierT maTganTan
piradi nacnobobac ki araa dadgenili. dasmul kiTxvaze,
icnobs Tu ara igi g. k-ias, g-Ze pasuxobs, rom aseTs saer-
Tod ar icnobs, xolo b. w-eli iyo misi megobari, magram
Semdeg ugzo-ukvlod daikarga. rac Seexeba d. w-els, ic-
nobs, rogorc b-is Zmas.
misiamCvenebissawinaaRmdegodsaqmeSiaranairimtkice-

625. 624
buleba ar moipoveba. am pirebTan garda piradisa, sxva
saeWvo satelefono saubaric ki araa dafiqsirebuli.
maS saidan mtkicdeba maTi danaSaulebrivi kavSiri da is,
rom xels uwyobs maT qurduli samyaros marTvaSi? ker-
Zod, romeli danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb miiRo davaleba
da visgan? ra gegma SeimuSava maT gansaxorcieleblad?
aseve gaurkvevelia, ras niSnavs urTierToba aqvs `sx-
vebTan~? vin arian es `sxvebi~?
am bolo kiTxvis Sesaxeb ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT: `amave
krebsebidan irkveva, rom g. g-Ze da masTan mosaubre
mamakaci 500 aSS dolars Zalaven ZiebiT daudgenel
moqalaqes da radgan am ukanasknels ar miaqvs maTTan
fuli, Rebuloben gadawyvetilebas, waarTvan manqana~
(s.f. 371-e).
rogorc Cans, ver dadginda, vis esaubreba g-Ze am SemTx-
vevaSi telefoniT. verc is, Tu vis mimarT gegmaven isini
gamoZalvas. amdenad, saqmis arsi sruliad bundova-
nia. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom gamoZalvis
dadgena araa sakmarisi qurduli samyaros wevrobis
bralad SeracxvisaTvis, radgan gamoZalva da qur-
duli samyaros wevroba sruliad damoukidebeli da-
naSaulebia, gamoZalvis CadenisaTvis araa aucilebeli
qurduli samyaros wevroba (aseve piriqiT).
ganaCeniT g-Zeze wardgenili braldeba dadasturebu-
lad aris miCneuli aseve mowmeTa _ z. m-Zisa da k. x-Zis
CvenebebiT. ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT: `maT aCvenes, rom g.
g-Ze aris e.w. reketiori, narkotikis momxmarebeli da
eweva maRaziebidan fuladi Tanxebis aRebas, qurduli
wesiT wyvets moqalaqeTa Soris davebs, arCevs saqmeebs,
warsulSi iyo kanonieri qurdi, dResac warmoadgens
kanonier kriminalur avtoritets da eweva qurduli

626. 625
tradiciebis Camoyalibebas axalgazrdebSi~ (s.f. 371-e).
rogorc vxedavT, am Cvenebis mixedviT g-Ze reketirada-
caa warmodgenili da qurduli samyaros wevradac, rac
urTierTgamomricxvelia. Aaseve mocemul CvenebebSi
araferia naTqvami imaze, Tu kerZod, rodis da romeli
maRaziidan iRebda igi Tanxas gamoZalviT; vis Soris
gadawyvita davebi da rodis; saidan dasturdeba, rom
davebs swored qurduli wesiT wyvetda; saidan icis, rom
warsulSi iyo kanonieri qurdi; rom dResac aris krimi-
naluri avtoriteti; raSi gamoixateba is, rom igi eweva
qurduli tradiciebis Camoyalibebas axalgazrdebSi,
kerZod, vis mimarT ganaxorciela es qmedeba? kargi
iqneboda, saqmeSi mopovebuli iyos aseTi konkretuli
faqtebi.
rogor esmiT sasamarTlo praqtikaSi qurduli garCeva?
amis magaliTad gamogvadgeba igive ganaCeni, riTac g-Zes
bralad Seeracxa aseve is, rom igi `qurduli samyaros
sxva wevrebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri moqmedebiT xels
uwyobs qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas,
qurduli samyaros daudgenel wevrebTan erTad sargeb-
lis miRebis mizniT monawileobs qurdul garCevaSi...~
mocemul saqmeSi g-Zis mier vinmeze saqmis garCevis ara-
nairi faqti ar fiqsirdeba, garda erTi SemTxvevisa, ras-
ac, rogorc Cans, sasamarTlo saqmis garCevad Tvlis.
kerZod, zemoTxsenebul fabulaSi weria: `...imis gamo,
rom am ukanasknelma mas taqsiT momsaxurebis sanacvlod
gamoarTva garkveuli Tanxa, rogorc qurduli samyaros
warmomadgenelma Tavi igrZno Seuracxyofilad da amis
gamo mas dauwyo saqmis garCeva, ra drosac saxis areSi
gaartya xeli...~

627. 626
ras niSnavs qurduli garCeva?
`organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ saqarT-
velos kanonis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, qurduli garCeva
niSnavs qurduli samyaros wevris mier or an met pirs
Soris arsebuli davis gadawyvetas, romelsac axlavs
muqara, iZuleba, daSineba an sxva ukanono qmedeba.
`or an met pirs Soris~ niSnavs imas, rom qurduli sam-
yaros wevri minimum or modave mxars Soris warmoSobil
problemas wyvets sxvadasxva ukanono qmedebiT (asru-
lebs `mosamarTlis~ rols). rodesac qurduli samyaros
wevri Tavad edaveba vinmes (e.i. erT pirs urCevs saqmes)
igive xerxebis gamoyenebiT (muqariT, iZulebiT da a.S.),
qurdul garCevas adgili ara aqvs. aseTi qmedeba Sei-
Zleba CaiTvalos qurduli samyaros wevris mier Cade-
nil sxva aqtiur moqmedebad, isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki
igi emsaxureboda qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxor-
cielebas.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi g-Ze ar wyvetda davas or mxares
Soris, igi Tavad edaveboda s-Svils, radgan ganawyeneb-
uli iyo masze. es SemTxveva verc im aqtiurobad CaiTv-
leba, razec saubaria zemoTxsenebuli kanonis me-3 mux-
lSi qurduli samyaros wevris ganmartebisas, radgan
rogorc vTqviT, aseTi aqtiuri moqmedeba unda emsax-
urebodes qurduli samyaros miznebs. amave kanonis Se-
sabamisad ki qurduli samyaros mizani aris misi wevre-
bisaTvis an sxva pirebisaTvis sargeblis miReba. g-Zes ki
s-SvilTan Cxubis dros araviTari sargeblis miRebis mi-
zani ar amoZravebda. misi mizani iyo samagieros mizRva
s-Svilze.
g-Zis es qmedeba verc reketul garCevad CaiTvleba.
ssk-is 2241
-e muxlis mixedviT, reketul dajgufebaSi

628. 627
monawileobis obieqturi Semadgenloba sxva qmedebebT-
an erTad gulisxmobs agreTve: a) davebis ukanonod gad-
awyvetas; b) monawileobas davebis ukanonod gadawyveta-
Si reketul dajgufebaTa an reketul dajgufebasa da
sxva pirs Soris, rasac mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar
hqonia.
riT gansxvavdeba reketuli da qurduli garCeva?
1) qurduli garCevis amsrulebelia qurduli samyaros
wevri, xolo davebis reketuli gadawyvetisa _ reketu-
li dajgufebis monawile (reketiri); 2) qurduli garCe-
va mimdinareobs e.w. qurduli wesebis Sesabamisad, xolo
reketulad davebis gadawyvetisaTvis araa `dadgenili~
raime wesebi, igi araa CarCoSi moqceuli: 3) qurduli
garCeva mimdinareobs or an met nebismier modave mxares
Soris, xolo davebis reketuli gadawyvta: a) reketul
dajgufebebs Soris an Bb) reketul dajgufebasa da sxva
pirs Soris (e.i. aq erTi modave mxare mainc unda iyos re-
ketuli dajgufeba).
amdenad, zedmetia saubari imaze, rom g-Zis qmedebaSi
araa reketuli garCevis niSnebi.
rogorc zemoTaRwerili garemoebidan Cans g. g-Zes
qmedebaSi aSkaraa mcire sababiT atexili Cxubi da Zala-
doba (gineba, cema, janmrTelobis dazianeba), rac Cade-
nilia sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilas (riTac man
gamoxata aSkara upativcemuloba sazogadoebisadmi),
rac SeiZleba Sefasdes xulignobad, Tuki man gamoi-
wvia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis uxeSi darRveva. amasTan
qmedeba Cadenilia civi iaraRis gamoyenebiT, rac gva-
Zlevs 239-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Semadgenlobas. xolo
239-e muxlis me-3 nawilis dispoziciidan aSkarad Cans,

629. 628
rom es nawili TavisTavSi moicavs am muxlis 1-el da me-2
nawilsac. amdenad, qmedebis kvalifikaciisas zedmeti
iyo me-2 nawilis `a’ qvepunqtze (Cadenili winaswar SeT-
anxmebiT jgufis mier) miTiTeba. sasamarTlos mxolod
braldebaSi unda daefiqsirebina es damamZimebeli gare-
moeba (es sakiTxi ufro dawvrilebiT ganxilulia ssk-is
1431
-e muxlis ganmartebisas).
am epizodis kvalifikaciisas daSvebulia sxva Secdomac.
kerZod, gagniZisa da misi megobrebis ZaladobTi qmede-
ba, rac Cadenili iyo sexniaSvilis mimarT sazogadoe-
brivi TavSeyris adgilas (quCaSi), dakvalificirebulia
xulignobad (139-e muxli) da amave dros mas micemuli
aqvs qurduli garCevis Sefaseba.
aseTi kvalifikacia ssk 2231
-e muxlis arsis araswori
gagebis Sedegia. xulignoba aris danaSauli, romlis
subieqturi Semadgenlobis aucilebeli niSania sazoga-
doebisadmi aSkara upativcemulobis gamoxatva, xolo
qurduli samyaros wevrobis subieqturi Semadgenlobis
aucilebeli niSani _ qurduli samyaros wevrebisaTvis
an sxva pirebisaTvis sargeblis miReba (`organizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis me-3 muxli).
qurduli samyaros mizani ar SeiZleba iyos sazogadoe-
bisadmi `aSkarad~ upativcemulobis gamoxatva. piriqiT,
am samyaros wevrebi cdiloben sxvadasxva mzakvruli
xerxebiT Seqmnan iluzia, rom did pativs scemen sa-
zogadoebas, arian `gaWirvebulTa da usamarTlod da-
CagrulTa Semwe~. isini garegnulad iqcevian `Rirseu-
lad~, `TavdaWerilad~, gamoirCevian sityvaZunwobiT,
sazogadoebaSi ar `xmauroben~, riTac cdiloben se-
riozuli adamianis avtoritetis mopovebas. swored
`usamarTlod daCagrulTa Semweobas~ emsaxureba e.w.

630. 629
qurduli garCeva, romelic or modave mxares Soris
problemis gadawyvetas gulisxmobs (maT Soris mtyuan-
marTalis garkveviskenaa mimarTuli). SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom xulignuri qmedebis Cadena qurduli samyaros mso-
flmxedvelobiT uRirsi saqcielic ki aris, `ar amSven-
ebs~ am samyaros wevrs, radgan maT imis pretenzia aqvT,
rom simpatia daimsaxuron sazogadoebis did nawilSi.
es ise ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos qurduli samyaros wevr-
is mier gamoricxulia xulignobis Cadena, magram saqme
isaa, rom aseTi qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes rogorc
xulignoba (da ara qurduli garCevisa da xulignobis
erToblioba).
sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sasamarTlom g-Zis
warsulSi `kanonieri qurdobis~, sadReisod ki qur-
duli samyaros wevrobis faqti dadasturebulad cno
mowmeTa iseTi CvenebebiT (`gagvigia, rom igi kanonieri
qurdi iyo, dResac qurduli tradiciebis mimdevaria~),
romelic araa sakmarisi am braldebis dadasturebisaT-
vis. is faqti, rom g-Zis pirovnebaze aseTi azria Seqmni-
li sazogadoebis nawilSi (aRsaniSnavia, rom procesze
dakiTxuli zogierTi mowme, magaliTad, dazaralebul
s-lis meuRle acxadebs, rom araferi gaugiaT g-Zis qur-
duli tradiciebis Sesaxeb), araa utyuari da sakmarisi
mtkicebuleba masze Seracxuli braldebis dasadas-
tureblad.
ssk-is 2231
-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa sisx-
lis samarTlis kanonis moqmedebis sakiTxi droSi da
sivrceSi da pirTa wris mimarT. ufro konkretulad
rom vTqvaT, rodis unda iyos Cadenili am muxlSi aRw-
erili qmedeba? Tu daekisreba pasuxismgebloba am mux-
liT ucxo qveynis moqalaqes? sad unda iyos Cadenili es
qmedeba?

631. 630
am TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas ipyrobs Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 13 oqtombris ganaCeni
z. k-vis mimarT (saqme # 1/6244-06).
ganaCenis mixedviT k-vi cnobil iqna damnaSaved ssk-is
2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT da 144-e muxlis me-2 nawilis
`a~, `e~ da `v~ qvepunqtebiT (2006 w. 31 maisamde moqmedi
redaqciiT). kerZod, msjavri daedo masSi, rom Caidina
kanonieri qurdoba, aseve mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba winas-
wari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier, angarebiT, Svid dReze
meti xniT.
etapobrivad mivyveT ganaCenSi dafiqsirebul braldebas.
kerZod, ganaCenis mixedviT, dadasturebulad iqna cno-
bili, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqe, q. TbilisSi mcxovre-
bi z. k-vi 1971 wels q.TbilisSi qurdul Sekrebaze, e.w.
`qurdul sxodkaze~ aw gardacvlili kanonieri qurdis
a. m-vis mier aRiarebuli iqna kanonier qurdad. kanoni-
er qurdad aRiarebis Semdeg igi sistematurad iRebda
monawileobas sxvadasxva qurdul garCevebSi. daaxloe-
biT 1989 wels igi gaemgzavra ruseTSi, kerZod, q. mosk-
ovSi, sadac dRemde agrZelebs kanonier qurdobas.
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis am nawilSi braldeba exeba
k-vis cxovrebis epizods, rac SesaZloa, saqarTvelo-
Si moxda 1971 wels (ufro sworad, 1971 wlidan 1989
wlamde).
saqme isaa, rom 2005 wlamde saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda
kanoni `organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~,
anu e.w. kanonieri qurdoba ar iyo dasjadi qmedeba. am-
denad, k-vis 1971 wels kanonier qurdad aRiareba da amis
Semdeg 1989 wlamde qurdul garCevebSi monawileoba

632. 631
dadasturebuli faqtic rom iyos, igi sadReisod misi
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisTvis ver
gamodgeba, radgan sisxlis samarTlis kanons, romelic
awesebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas, ukuZala ara aqvs
(ssk-is me-3 muxlis 1-eli nawili).
rogorc ganaCenSia aRniSnuli, k-vi 1989 wels ruseTSi
gaemgzavra da iq dRemde agrZelebs kanonier qurdobas.
sainteresoa, Tu davuSvebT, rom saqmis masalebiT
braldebis es monakveTi utyuaradaa dadasturebuli,
gamodgeba Tu ara igi k-vis mimarT ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad unda mivmarToT saqarT-
velos ssk-is me-5 muxls, riTac mowesrigebulia sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba sazRvargareT
Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis. am muxlis 1-eli da me-2
nawilebi exeba saqarTvelos moqalaqes da saqarTvelo-
Si mudmivad mcxovreb moqalaqeobis armqone pirs. xolo
amave muxlis me-3 nawili exeba ucxoels an moqalaqeobis
armqone pirs, romelic mudmivad ar cxovrobs saqarT-
veloSi.
daviwyoT ssk-is me-5 muxlis 1-eli nawilis ganxilviT,
romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelos moqalaqes an saqarT-
veloSi mudmivad mcxovreb moqalaqeobis armqone pirs
am kodeqsiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba daeki-
sreba maSin, Tu man sazRvargareT Caidina ssk-iT gaTval-
iswinebuli iseTi qmedeba, romelic danaSaulad iTvle-
ba im saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT, sadac is Cadenilia.
vinaidan kanonieri qurdoba an qurduli samyaros wev-
roba ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT arc aras-
dros yofila da arc amJamadaa dasjadi qmedeba, k-vs
ruseTSi Cadenili am qmedebebisTvis (igi dadasturebu-

633. 632
lic rom iyos) ss pasuxismgebloba saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT ver daekisreba.
vnaxoT me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili Tu iZleva SesaZle-
blobas, daekisros pasuxismgebloba k-vs ruseTSi am
qmedebis CadenisaTvis.
ssk-is me-5 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT saqarTvelos
moqalaqes an saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovreb mo-
qalaqeobis armqone pirs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsiT daekisreba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT sazRvargareT
Caidina am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi qmedeba,
romelic danaSaulad ar iTvleba im saxelmwifos kanon-
mdeblobiT, sadac is Cadenilia, magram es qmedeba aris
saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZ-
ime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli anda Tu sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba am danaSaulisT-
vis gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebiT.
ruseTis teritoriaze e.w. kanonieri qurdobis Cadena,
Tu am qmedebiT ar dazaralda saqarTvelos moqalaqe
an iuridiuli piri, ver CaiTvleba saqarTvelos inter-
esebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebad. amasTanave am
sakiTxze aranairi saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba ar ar-
sebobs saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris. amdenad, ssk-is
me-5 muxlis me-2 nawilic ar iZleva imis SesaZleblobas,
rom k-vze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
Seracxul iqnas 1989 wlidan dRemde ruseTSi Cadenili
`kanonieri~ qurdoba.
amdenad, ganaCenis es monakveTi ar Seesabameba saqarT-
velos ssk-is me-3 muxlis 1-eli nawilisa da me-5 muxlis
1-el da me-2 nawilebis arss.

634. 633
aRniSnuli ganaCeniT aseve dadasturebuladaa miCneu-
li, rom moskovSi yofnis ganmavlobaSi misi iniciativiT
saqarTveloSi ewyoboda qurduli Sekrebebi, e.w. `qur-
duli sxodkebi~, romelic imarTeboda sxva kriminaluri
avtoritetebis kanonier qurdad aRiarebis mizniT,
aseve kanonieri qurdebis gavlenis sferoebiT uzrun-
velyofis sakiTxTa dasaregulireblad da sxvadasxva
saxis danaSaulebrivi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad, rasac
igi agvarebda satelefono kavSirebis meSveobiT. igi
aris ra kanonieri qurdi, amJamadac aRiarebs qurdul
tradiciebs, monawileobs e.w. qurdul SekrebebSi, gar-
CevebSi da mis davalebebs saqarTveloSi emorCilebian
qurduli samyaros wevrebi.
igiukavSirdebodasaqarTvelosiusticiissaministros
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q. Tbilisis #5 sapy-
robileSi moTavsebul kanonier qurdebs, a. q-ians, met-
saxelad `wripas~ da z. p-Svils, romlebic misi uSualo
miTiTebebiTa da davalebebiT patimarTa da msjavrde-
bulTagan yovelTviurad, sistematurad, krebdnen fu-
lad Tanxebs qurdul `saerToebSi~ Setanis mizniT, rac
xmardeboda kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli samyaros
wevrTa materialur uzrunvelyofas.
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis am monakveTSi miTiTebulia
im qmedebebze, ris Cadenasac k-vs abraleben saqarT-
velos interesebis sawinaaRmdegod, magram ganaCenSi
araa dakonkretebuli am qmedebaTa Cadenis Tundac mi-
axloebiTi dro (weli).
ismis kiTxva: ramdenad gamodgeba es braldeba ssk-is
2231
-e muxliT pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis?
am sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis pasuxi unda gaeces kiTx-

635. 634
vas: xom araa ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli da-
naSaulis Semadgenloba denadi danaSauli?
Tu igi denadia, maSin mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rodis iqna
aRiarebuli piri kanonier qurdad _ `organizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ kanonis miRebamde, Tu
mis Semdeg. mTavaria, k-is mier adre Cadenili qmedeba
grZeldebodes am kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdegac.
ssk-is me-13 muxlis mixedviT, denadia am kodeqsis erTi
muxliT an muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-
li, romlis Cadena iwyeba moqmedebiT an umoqmedobiT da
romelic Semdeg uwyvetad xorcieldeba.
ramdenad Seesabameba es cneba qurduli samyaros wev-
robas an kanonier qurdobas?
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qurduli samyaros wevroba
aucilebladgulisxmobsorkumulaciurniSans:1.pirma
unda aRiaros qurduli samyaro da 2. man aqtiurad unda
imoqmedos am samyaros miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
aqedan gamomdinare, qurduli samyaros mxolod aRiare-
ba araa sakmarisi qurduli samyaros wevrobisaTvis. e.i.
am samyaros pasiuri wevroba (samyaroSi gawevrianeba) ar
gvaZlevsamdanaSaulisSemadgenlobas(gansxvavebulvi-
TarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, magaliTad ssk-is 223-e muxlSi,
sadac ukanono SeiaraRebul formirebaSi monawileoba
damTavrebulia am formirebaSi gaerTianebis momenti-
dan da igi Semdeg uwyvetad grZeldeba). ssk-is 2231
-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlo-
bisaTvis aucilebelia pirma kidec aqtiurad imoqmedos
am samyaros miznebisaTvis. xolo es moqmedeba (magali-
Tad, `obSiakis~ Segroveba, an arasrulwlovnis Cabma da-

636. 635
naSaulSi da a.S.) rogoc wesi, ar xorcieldeba uwyvetad
da mas epizoduri xasiaTi aqvs. amasTan, qmedeba mimarTu-
lia sxvadasxva uSualo obieqtis winaaRmdeg (magali-
Tad, muqaris gamoyenebiT `qurduli wilis~ moTxovna
xdeba sxvadasxva pirisagan) anda danaSaulis msxverpli
sxvadasxva pirovnebaa (magaliTad, danaSaulSi Cabmulia
sxvadasxva piri). SesaZlebelia, es qmedebebi erTmaneTi-
sagan garkveuli droiTac iyos dacilebuli.
amdenad, qurduli samyaros wevroba araa denadi dana-
Sauli, radgan misi Semadgenloba mibmulia am samyaros
miznebisaTvis sxvadasxva aqtiuri qmedebebis Cadenas-
Tan. amitom Tu qurdul samyaroSi gawevrianebis Semdeg
saxezea aqtiuri qmedebis Cadena im dros, roca es kanoni
ar arsebobda, dRes aseTi qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk-is
223-e muxliT dauSvebelia.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia, pirs qur-
duli samyaros miznebis Sesabamisad erTi qmedeba mainc
unda hqondes Cadenili ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis SemoRebis
Semdeg.
igive unda iTqvas ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawilzec _
kanonieri qurdoba.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis
me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, kanonieri qurdi aris qurduli
samyaros wevri, romelic qurduli samyaros spec. wese-
bis Sesabamisad, nebismieri formiT marTavs an/da or-
ganizebas uwevs qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul
jgufs.
rogorc vxedavT, aqac saWiroa ori kumulaciuri niSnis
arseboba: 1. qurduli samyaros wevroba da 2. pirTa jgu-

637. 636
fis marTva an maTi organizeba `qurduli wesebis~ Sesa-
bamisad.
amdenad, gansxvavebiT qurduli samyaros wevrobisagan,
`kanonieri qurdis~ aqtiuri qmedeba gamoixateba pirTa
jgufis marTvaSi an organizebaSi (e.i. igi aris am sam-
yaros xelmZRvaneli).
`marTva~ da `organizeba~ ki gulisxmobs ciklur pro-
cesebs, sxvadasxva qmedebebs, romlebic erTmaneTTan
uwyvetad araa dakavSirebuli. piriqiT, am qmedebebs,
xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTTan kavSiric ki ara aqvT
(magaliTad, `kanonieri qurdi~ wils iTxovs restornis
mesakuTrisagan, amave dros qurduli samyaros wevri-
sagan iTxovs e.w. `obSiakis~ Segrovebas, anda `saqmes ur-
Cevs~ sxva mewarmeebs, raSic iRebs Tavis `qurdul wils~).
amaze isic miuTiTebs, rom e.w. kanonieri qurdi, rogorc
wesi, marTavs sxvadasxva pirTa jgufs. es SeiZleba iyos
qurduli samyaro (romlis wevric Tavadaa), aseve pirTa
sruliad sxva jgufi. yovlad SeuZlebelia, piri uw-
yveti (denadi) qmedebiT marTavdes or an met sxvadasxva
pirTa jgufs.
gamomdinare aqedan, kanonieri qurdoba araa denadi da-
naSauli da amdenad, ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom
erTi qmedeba mainc (magaliTad, pirTa romelime jgufis
marTva) Cadenili iyos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi am
muxlis SemoRebis Semdeg.
vnaxoT, ramdenadaa daculi es piroba mocemul saqmeSi?
amis gasarkvevad mivubrundeT aRniSnuli ganaCenis ze-
moTmoyvanil monakveTs, sadac naTqvamia, rom moskovSi

638. 637
yofnis ganmavlobaSi k-vis iniciativiT saqarTveloSi
ewyoboda qurduli Sekrebebi.
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis am monakveTSi araa dakonk-
retebuli, Tu rodis (romel wels) da sad moewyo es
Sekrebebi.
aseve ganaCenis am monakveTSi zogadadaa naTqvami, rom
igi satelefono kavSirebis meSveobiT axorcielebda
sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulebriv kavSirebs.
ganaCeni ufro dasabuTebuli iqneboda, masSi dakonk-
retebuli rom iyos a) kerZod, romeli danaSaulebrivi
kavSirebi gvardeboda k-vTan satelefono kavSirebiT;
b) rodis (romel wels) Sedga es kavSirebi da sadaa amisi
mtkicebuleba saqmeSi?
ganaCenis am monakveTSi aseve vkiTxulobT, rom igi,
aris ra kanonieri qurdi, amJamadac aRiarebs qurdul
tradiciebs, monawileobs qurdul garCevebSi da mis
davalebebs saqarTveloSi emorCilebian qurduli sam-
yaros wevrebi.
ganaCeni ufro damajerebeli iqneboda, masSi miTiTe-
buli rom iyos: 1. romeli mtkicebulebiT dasturdeba,
rom k-vi amJamadac monawileobs qurdul garCevebSi;
kerZod, romel garCevaSi miiRo monawileoba da vis
gaurCia saqme? 2. riT dasturdeba, rom mis davalebebs
saqarTveloSi emorCilebian qurduli samyaros wevre-
bi? kerZod, ra davaleba misca maT? 3. kerZod, vis misca
davaleba da rodis (romel wels) moxda es?
sayuradReboa ganaCenis Semdegi monakveTi, sadac mi-
TiTebuliaimaze,romk-viukavSirdebodaq.Tbilisis#5
sapyrobileSi moTavsebul kanonier qurdebs q-ians da p-

639. 638
Svils, romlebic misi uSualo miTiTebiTa da davalebiT
yovelTviurad, sistematurad, krebdnen fulad Tanx-
ebs, rac xmardeboda kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli
samyaros wevrTa materialur uzrunvelyofas.
aqac ismis kiTxva: 1. rodis (romel wels) ukavSirdeboda
igi q-iansa da p-Svils da rodis (romel wels) sTxovda
fulis Sekrebas? 2. rodis Sekribes maT es fuladi Tanx-
ebi? 3. Tuki aseTi faqtebi cnobili iyo samarTaldam-
cavi organoebisaTvis, ratom Tavis droze ar axdendnen
reagirebas masze? 4. ratom ar daisva im pirTa pasux-
ismgeblobis sakiTxi, romlebsac evalebodaT amgvari
faqtebze samarTlebrivi reagireba an/da Sefaseba? 5.
Tu es faqtebi maTi Cadenisas ar iyo cnobili saTanado
organoebisaTvis, Semdeg rogor gaxda igi cnobili maT-
Tvis?
kargi iqneboda, am sakiTxebze saTanado yuradRebis
gamaxvileba.
xsenebul ganaCenSi aris erTi monakveTi, sadac miTiTe-
bulia qmedebis Cadenis dro. kerZod, aq vkiTxulobT:
`igi 2006 wlis 14 aprils mobilur telefonze daukav-
Sirda Sss specialuri operatiuli departamentis or-
ganizebul danaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos meore
samsaxuris ufrosis moadgiles g. C-Svils, rom mas da
saqarTvelos samarTaldamcav organoebs Tavi daenebe-
binaT kanonieri qurdebis devnisTvis. im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu ar Sesruldeba z. k-vis moTxovna, am ukanasknelisve
organizebiTa da sxva kanonieri qurdebis monawileobiT
mTeli qurduli samyaro gaerTiandeboda saqarTvelos
samarTaldamcaviorganoebiswinaaRmdegdaibrZolebd-
nen kanonieri qurdebis interesebis dasacavad~.

640. 639
riTaa dadasturebuli k-vis mier am qmedebis Cadena
(muqara, rac mimarTulia iqiTken, rom saTanado orga-
nos warmomadgenlebma ar Seasrulon maTze dakisrebu-
li movaleoba qurduli samyaros winaaRmdeg brZolis
saqmeSi)?
ganaCenis mixedviT, saamiso mtkicebulebad moyvanilia
mowmed dakiTxuli g. C-Svilis Cveneba, romelic acxa-
debs, rom mas 2006 wlis 14 aprils mobilur telefonze
daureka ucnobma mamakacma amoucnobi nomriT, romelic
masdaelaparakarusulenazedauTxra,romiyo`zaxari~.
rodesac man upasuxa, Tu ra nebavda, am ukanasknelma mas
qarTulad uTxra, rom iyo kanonieri qurdi S. k-vi. Sem-
deg rusulad gaagrZela saubari da uTxra, rom misTvis
cnobili iyo mis mier kanonieri qurdis, j. S-Zis, aseve
misi bavSvobis megobris, m. f-Zis dakavebis faqti da gaa-
frTxila is da samsaxuris TanamSromlebi Tavi daenebe-
binaT kanoniri qurdebis devna-dakavebisTvis.
am Cvenebis wakiTxvisas bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxvebi: 1.
Tuki realurad iyo aseTi satelefono zari, ratom ver
moxerxda Sesabamisi nomris dadgena? (amoucnobi nom-
ris dadgena saTanado samsaxurebs SeuZliaT); 2. riTaa
dadasturebuli, rom am zaris avtori marTlac k-vi iyo
da vinmem ar isargebla misi saxeliT? 3. ramdenadaa Ses-
aZlebeli mowmis amgvari bundovani Cveneba (`ucnobma
mamakacma miTxra, rom igi iyo kanonieri qurdi S. k-vi~)
CaiTvalos kanonieri qurdobisaTvis braldebis mt-
kicebulebad?
aseve gansaxilvel ganaCenSi k-ze wardgenili braldebis
damadasturebel erT-erT mtkicebulebad miCneulia
is, rom k-vs mWidro megobruli urTierToba aqvs sx-
vadasxva kanonier qurdebTan (da CamoTvlilia am pirTa
gvarebi).

641. 640
jer erTi, saidan dasturdeba, rom maT aqvT mWidro
megobruli urTierToba? meorec, saidan dasturde-
ba, rom es pirebi _ l. S-Svili, g. z-Ze da v. i-vi arian
`kanonieri~ qurdebi? aris ki maT mimarT gamotanili
ganaCeni am braldebiT? mesame da mTavari, rac ar unda
dagvaviwydes: `kanonier~ qurdTan megobroba sruliad
ar niSnavs imas, rom es piric `kanonieri~ qurdia. aseTi
megobroba SeiZleba moralurad iyos gaumarTlebeli,
magram ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT braldebisaTvis mtkiceb-
ulebad ver gamodgeba.
xsenebul ganaCenSi sxva problemacaa. kerZod, sadavoa
is faqti, aris Tu ara k-vi saqarTvelos moqalaqe. mis
mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqme sxvadasxva instanciis
sasamarTloebma ise ganixiles, rom misi adgilsamyo-
feli aravin icoda, igi sasamarTloebs TvaliTac ar
unaxavT. sasamarTloze warmodgenil iqna S. k-vis pas-
portis qseroasli, romlidanac Cans, rom igi ruseTis
moqalaqea.
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 23 maisis
ganaCeniT (saqme #1/b-2838-06) warmodgenili qseroasli
ar miiCnia sarwmuno mtkicebulebad.
amdenad, k-vis moqalaqeobis sakiTxi aSkarad saeWvo da
sadavoa.
Tuki k-vi marTlac ruseTis moqalaqea, maSin mis mier
sazRvargareT Cadenili qmedebaze ssk-is 2231
-e muxliT
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis aucilebelia dada-
sturdes, rom: a) es qmedebebi aris saqarTvelos inter-
esebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSauli anda Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgebloba am danaSaulisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia

642. 641
saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT (ssk-is
me-5 muxlis me-3 nawili) da b) es qmedebebi Cadenili unda
iyos mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi SemoRebuliqna 2231
-e muxli (ssk-is me-2 mux-
lis 1-eli da me-2 nawili.).
k-vis mimarT ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis gamoyenebis sxva sa-
fuZveli gveqneboda maSin, Tu igi am qmedebas Caidenda
saqarTvelos teritoriaze (ssk-is me-4 muxlis 1-eli
nawili).
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, k-ovs am ganaCeniT bralad
Seeracxa aseve mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba (144 muxlis me-2
nawili, `a~, `e’ da `v~ qvepunqtebi). kerZod, 2000 wels,
winaswari SeTanxmebiT kaki o-vTan erTad, man ganizraxa
aSS-is moqalaqis al. k-is mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba da ga-
Tavisuflebis sanacvlod misi ojaxis wevrebisagan fu-
ladi Tanxebis gamoZalva.
ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanis mizniT, icoda ra, rom
al. k-ini mis meuRlesTan da simamrTan erTad imyofe-
boda TbilisSi, g. o-is ojaxSi, sTxova m. f-Zes, al. k-ini
Seexvedrebina misTvis. m. f-Zem 2000 wlis 18 ivniss, Tav-
isi kuTvnili manqaniT miakiTxa al. k-ns da waiyvana sas-
tumro `Seraton metexi palasi~-s avtosadgomze, sadac
maT daxvdaT z. k-vi da k. o-vi, romlebic gadmovidnen av-
tomanqanidan, miesalmnen al. k-ns da m. f-Zes, ris Semdeg
m. f-Zem k-visa da o-vis TxovniT datova isini.
am SemTxvevis Semdeg al. k-ni g. o-is binaSi ar gamoCenila.
rogorc mowmeTa CvenebiT irkveva, ramdenime dReSi al.
k-ni mobiluri telefoniT daukavSirda Tavis meuRles
s. a-vas, romelsac Seatyobina misi gatacebis Sesaxeb,
gaafrTxila, rom ar miemarTa samarTaldamcavi orga-

643. 642
noebisaTvis da sTxova Tanxmoba maTi saerTo sabanko
angariSidan 1 200 000 aSS dolaris gadaricxvaze, ris
Semdeg mas gaaTavisuflebdnen.
amis Semdeg k-ni xSirad urekavda Tavis meuRles da sTx-
ovda aRniSnuli Tanxis gadaricxvas bankidan.
2000 wlis 27 ivniss s. a-ova daukavSirda belgiis samefos
q. briuselis Sesabamis banks da ganacxada Tanxmoba maTi
angariSidan Sps `axlo aRmosavleTis federalur bank-
Si~ Sesabamis nomerze damatebiT sakredito angariSze
1 200 000 aSS dolaris gadaricxvis Taobaze. aRniSnuli
gadaricxva ganxorcielda 2000 wlis 28 ivniss, magram
al. k-ni gamtacebel pirebs ar gauTavisuflebiaT da
misi adgilsamyofeli dRemde ucnobia.
vnaxoT, ramdenad sworadaa dakvalificirebuli Cade-
nili qmedeba mZevlad xelSi Cagdebad?
mowmed dakiTxul m. f-Zis Cvenebidan irkveva, rom k-
ovs al. k-inTan sadavo hqonda 1 200 000 aSS dolari. es
faqti ki arsebiTad cvlis saqmis arss, radgan sadavo
Tanxis amoRebis mizniT adamianis motaceba da Tavisu-
flebis aRkveTa ar unda dakvalificirdes mZevlad
xelSi Cagdebad. miT umetes, misi damamZimebeli nawil-
iT _ angarebiT. mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba gulisxmobs
me-3 pirze zemoqmedebis mizans, raTa igi aiZulon, Sea-
srulos iseTi qmedeba, risi Sesrulebis movaleoba mas
ar akisria. aqedan gamomdinare, mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba
angarebiT saxezea maSin, roca xelSi Cagdebulia piri,
raTa sxva piri aiZulon gadaixados gamosasyidi damna-
SaveTa sasargeblod an roca damnaSavis mizania miiRos
iseTi materialuri gamorCena, rac mas wesiT ar ekuT-
vnis (surs sxvisi qonebis xarjze gamdidrdes).

644. 643
mocemul SemTxvevaSi ki k-visa da o-vis mizani iyo ara
gamosasyidis miReba an sxvisi qonebis xarjze gamdi-
dreba, aramed sadavo Tanxis amoReba, rasac al. k-ni maT
ar aZlevda. amdenad, misi qmedeba Seicavs Tavisuflebis
ukanono aRkveTis niSnebs (143-e muxli).
am TvalsazrisiT unda dakiTxuliyvnen is pirebi, vinc
flobdnen informacias k-visa da k-nis urTierTobis
Sesaxeb (magaliTad, k-vis meuRle, misi simamri, rom-
lebic am SemTxvevis dros q. TbilisSi imyofebodnen da
aqedan gamomdinare, floben saTanado informacias).
rogor unda dakvalificirdes SemTxveva, roca moxele
aqtiurad exmareba qurduli samyaros warmomadgenels,
ra drosac iyenebs Tavis samsaxurebriv mdgomareobas?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 17 ivlisis ganaCeni q.
u-lis, z. C-Zis da S. a-lis mimarT (saqme #1/b-2262-07).
sabraldebo daskvnis mixedviT z. C-Zes brali daedo
masSi, rom Caidina qurduli samyaros wevroba, agreTve
moxelis mier samsaxureobrivi uflebamosilebis boro-
tad gamoyeneba sajaro interesebis sawinaaRmdegod,
sxvisTvis upiratesobis misaRebad, ramac sazogadoe-
bis kanonieri interesebis arsebiTi darRveva gamoiwvia,
rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
`z. C-Ze muSaobda saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q. Tbilisis #5 sapy-
robileSi sareJimo ganyofilebis ufrosi inspeqtoris
Tanamdebobaze da iTvleboda moxeled.
igi daudgenel drosa da viTarebaSi danaSaulebrivad
daukavSirdaq.Tbilisis#5sapyrobileSi,kerZod#80sa-

645. 644
kanSi moTavsebul patimar S, a-els, xolo mogvianebiT am
ukanasknelis meuRlis dedas q, u-ls, romelic S. a-eis
sityvieri davalebiT agrovebda fulad Tanxebs qur-
dul samyaroSi Setanis mizniT.
mas Tavisi samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT
hqonda ra sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q. Tbili-
sis #5 sapyrobileSi moTavsebul patimrebTan Tavisu-
flad Sexvedris saSualeba, igi amave sapyrobilis pati-
mara-lTandaq.TbilisSi,axalcixisq.#27-Simcxovrebq.
u-Tan winaswari SeTanxmebiT mis mier qurduli saerTos
saxiT Segrovebul fulad Tanxebs gadascemda S. a-els,
misTvis upiratesobis miRebis da qurduli samyaros
miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
z. C-Zes hqonda ra qurduli samyaros wevrebisaTvis fi-
nansuri daxmarebis gawevis ganzraxva, amasTan borotad
sargeblobda ra Tavisi samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis
gamoyenebiT, 2006 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi sxvadasxva
dros S. a-lis davalebiT q. u-ls arTmevda dawesebule-
baSi moTavsebuli patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisagan qur-
duli saerTos saxiT Segrovebul Tanxebs. kerZod, 2006
wlis 23 oqtombers man q. u-ls gamoarTva sxvadasxva
dros qurduli saerTos saxiT Segrovili Tanxa, saerTo
jamSi 300 laris odenobiT.
aRniSnuli qmedebiT igi sajarod gamoxatavs qurduli
samyarosadmi mxardaWeras, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mas
aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda qurduli samyaros li-
derebTan.
garda amisa, z. C-Zis qmedebam, kerZod, ki qurduli sam-
yaros wevrebisaTvis daxmarebam, rac gamoixata qurdu-
li saerToebis saxiT Segrovebuli Tanxebis maTTvis ga-

646. 645
dacemaSi da xsenebuli qmedebiT maTTvis upiratesobis
miniWebaSi, sazogadoebrivi interesebis arsebiTi dar-
Rveva gamoiwvia. zemoaRniSnulisTvis mas brali daedo
ssk-is 2231
-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da 332-e muxlis 1-li
nawiliT.~
rogorc saqmis arsidan Cans, z. C-Ze iyo moxele, igi dau-
kavSirda patimar a-els da SeuTanxmda, rom gadascemda
mas u-Svilis mier qurduli saerTosTvis Segrovol
Tanxas. fulis gadacemas advilad moaxerxebda, radgan
rogorc moxeles hqonda patimrebTan Tavisufali Sex-
vedris saSualeba. am mizniT man u-Svils gamoarTva Seg-
rovili Tanxa 300 laris odenobiT.
ramdenad sworia misi qmedebis kvalifikacia qurduli
samyaros wevrobad?
sanam am kiTxvaze pasuxs gavcemdeT, unda davuSvaT, rom
S. a-isa da q. u-Svilis qurduli samyaros wevrobis faq-
ti dadasturebulia da ar iwvevs davas. aseTi daTqmis
SemTxvevaSic ki z. C-Zis qmedeba ar SeiZleba Sefasdes,
rogorc qurduli samyaros wevroba, vinaidan:
1. qurduli samyaros wevrobas ar SeiZleba hqondes
epizoduri saxe, igi iwyeba iqidan, roca qurduli
samyaro aRiarebs am pirs mis wevrad da es piri Sea-
srulebs Tundac erT aqtiur qmedebas am samyaros
miznebisTvis. amis Semdeg ki igi valdebulia am sam-
yaros interesebis Sesabamisad aqtiurad imoqmedos
da amdenad, ar gawyvitos kavSiri am samyarosTan.
2. qurduli samyaros wevrad piris aRiareba ar SeiZle-
ba moaxdinis am samyaros erTma wevrma sxva wevrebTan
SeTanxmebis gareSe. qurdul samyaroSi piris gawevr-
ianeba xdeba am samyaros garkveuli nawilis nebiT da
maTTan SeTanxmebiT.

647. 646
z. C-Zisa da S. a-lis danaSaulebrivi urTierToba
daiwyo sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi da es
urTierToba dakavSirebuli iyo imasTan, rom C-Ze
iyo am dawesebulebis ufrosi inspeqtori. amdenad,
S. a-sTvis C-Ze saWiro kaci iyo manam, sanam igi (S. a-li)
sasjels ixdida am dawesebulebaSi. sasjelis moxdis
Semdeg ki C-Zesa da S. a-els Soris es urTierToba (Se-
grovili fulis gadacema) bunebrivad Sewydeboda.
sxva saxis urTierToba massa da qurdul samyaros
wevrebs Soris saqmis masalebiT ar dadgenila.
amdenad, C-Zes qurduli samyaros am ori wevris (a-
lisa da u-Svilis) sasargeblod unda Seesrulebi-
na mxolod teqnikuri saxis funqcia _ Segrovili
fuli gamoerTmia u-SvilisaTvis da gadaeca patimar
a-lze.
3. saqmis masalebiT araa dadasturebuli masze ward-
genili braldeba, rom 2006 wlis oqtomber-noem-
berSi igi sxvadasxva dros arTmevda u-Svils a-lze
gadasacemad Segrovil fuls. dadasturebulia ase-
Ti mxolod erTi faqti _ 2006 wlis 23 oqtombers
man u-Svils gamoarTva 300 lari, magram sxva dros
Cadenili aseTi SemTxvevebi dadasturebuli romc
yofiliyo, am pirTa kavSiri mainc epizoduri xasi-
aTisaa, radgan es urTierToba orientirebuli iyo
a-elis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi yofnis
periodze.
4. 4) saqmis masalebiT aseve araa dadasturebuli masze
wardgenili braldeba, rom `igi sajarod gamoxatavs
qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras, yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi mas aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda qur-
duli samyaros liderebTan~. (rogorc vxedavT,
ganaCenSi dafiqsirebulia urTierToba ara `lider-
Tan~, aramed `liderebTan~).

648. 647
aqve ismis kiTxva: ramdenad tipuria, rom sasjelaR-
srulebis dawesebulebis moxele sajarod gamox-
atavdes Tavis mxardaWeras qurduli samyarosadmi?
amiT igi xom amxels sakuTar Tavs? piriqiT, moxele
yovelTvis Seecdeba, sxvebisTvis SeumCneveli darC-
es misi kavSiri qurdul samyarosTan da miuxedavad
amisa, Tuki igi aseTi Tavxedi da windauxedavi iyo,
kerZod raSi gamovlinda es `sajaro mxardaWera~?
fulis Cumad gadacemis faqti veranairad ver Sefas-
deba, rogorc `sajaro mxardaWera~.
maS, ra Sefaseba unda mieces C-Zis mier Cadenil qmede-
bas?
igi iyo ra moxele, marTlac borotad gamoiyena Tavisi
samsaxureobrivi uflebamosileba, radgan am daweseb-
ulebis moxeles ara aqvs ufleba fuli (Tundac igi iyos
kanonieri gziT SeZenili) gamoarTvas patimris naTesavs
da gadasces igi patimars, miT umetes, Tu es aris e.w.
qurduli saerTosTvis Segrovili Tanxa, magram sasa-
marTlom (iseve rogorc gamoZiebam) qmedebis kvali-
fikaciisas Secdoma dauSva, roca es SemTxveva Seafasa
ssk-is 332-e muxliT.
saqme isaa, rom C-Zem Caidina iseTi qmedeba (patimris na-
Tesavs gamoarTva fuli patimarze gadasacemad), rom-
lis Cadenis ufleba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ara marto
mas, aramed arc erT moxeles ara aqvs, Tanac am qmede-
bis Cadenisas gamoiyena Tavisi samsaxureobrivi ufle-
bamosileba (is, rom Tavisuflad SeeZlo patimarTan
kontaqti). qmedebis Sefasebisas am SemTxvevaSi mTavari
araa is, rom mas SeeZlo nebismier dros kontaqti dae-
myarebina a-Tan. aq mTavaria is, rom mas (iseve rogorc
sxva moxeles) ar hqonda kerZo pirisagan aRebuli fu-

649. 648
lis patimarze gadacemis ufleba (aqve isic unda iTqvas,
rom Tu es iqneba kanonierad mopovebuli fuli, mox-
elis mier uflebamosilebis gadameteba unda Sefasdes,
rogorc disciplinuri gadacdoma, radgan ssk-is 333-e
muxli aucileblad gulisxmobs marTlsawinaaRmdego
Sedegs _ fizikuri an iuridiuli piris uflebebis, sa-
zogadoebis an saxelmwifos kanonieri interesis arse-
biT darRvevas).
swored amiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan ssk-is 332-e da
333-emuxlebi.ssk-is332-emuxlisamsrulebeliwyvetsim
sakiTxs da sCadis iseT qmedebas, romlis Cadenis ufle-
bac mas aqvs, magram am qmedebas sCadis sajaro interesis
sawinaaRmdegod (da ara am interesis Sesabamisad); xolo
ssk-is 333-e muxlis amsrulebeli wyvets im sakiTxs da
sCadis qmedebas, romelic: a) Sedis sxva moxelis kompe-
tenciaSi; b) unda gadawyvetiliyo kolegialurad da ara
erTpirovnulad; g) misi Cadena SesaZlebeli iyo kanoniT
dadgenil drosa da pirobebSi; d) misi Cadenis ufleba
ara aqvs arc erT moxeles.
C-Zis qmedeba swored am ukanasknel SemTxvevas Seesabam-
eba. amdenad, man gadaameta Tavis samsaxureobriv ufle-
bamosilebas, roca patimris sidedrs gamoarTva e.w. qur-
duli `saerTosaTvis~ Segrovili Tanxa da gadasca igi
a-ls, ramac saxelmwifos (kerZod, sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebis) kanonieri interesis arsebiTi darRveva
gamoiwvia.
am qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk-is 332-e muxliT swori
iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sasjelaRsrulebis mox-
eles mieniWeba uflebamosileba kanoniT dadgenil
SemTxvevaSi gadasces patimars naTesavisgan motanili
fuli, magram moxele am uflebas gamoiyenebs borotad

650. 649
da kanonis moTxovnis darRveviT gadascems mas fuls
(magaliTad, gadascems qurduli saerTos saxiT Seg-
rovil Tanxas). mocemul SemTxvevaSi aseT viTarebasTan
saqme ar gvaqvs, amitom ssk-is 332-e muxliT kvalifika-
cia Secdomad unda CaiTvalos.
C-Zis qmedebis ssk-is 333-e muxliT kvalifikaciisas Se-
faseba miecema rogorc imas, rom man samsaxureobrivi
uflebamosileba borotad gamoiyena (radgan ssk-is
333-e muxli aris 332-e muxlis kerZo SemTxveva), aseve im-
asac, rom igi daexmara qurdul samyaros (am samyaroze
daxmarebis ufleba ara aqvs arc erT moxeles da ufle-
bamosilebis gadametebac swored amaSi gamoixata).
gamomdinare aqedan, arasworad unda CaiTvalos misi
qmedebis danaSaulTa erTobliobiT kvalifikacia.
amdenad, sasamarTlos C-Zis qmedeba unda daekvali-
ficirebina ssk-is 333-e muxliT _ samsaxureobrivi
uflebamosilebis gadameteba. aseTi kvalifikacia sxva
TvalsazrisiTacaa gamarTlebuli. kerZod, am SemTx-
vevaSi araa aucilebeli imis mtkiceba, rom C-Zes gacno-
bierebuli hqonda qurdul samyarosTan misi TanamSrom-
lobis faqti. aq sakmarisia, pirs hqondes gacnobierebu-
li, rom Cadenili qmedeba scildeboda mis kompetencias
da igi iwvevs saxelmwifos kanonieri interesis arsebiT
darRvevas.
aRniSnuli ganaCeni ucvlelad datova Tbilisis saapel-
acio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 29 oqtombris ganaCeniT.
xolo saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom 2008 wlis
20 maisis ganCinebiT ar cno mizanSewonilad am saqmeze

651. 650
Semosuli saCivaris daSveba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
palatis sxdomaze gansaxilvelad (saqme #2239 ap).
ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli, rom qurduli samyaros wevrad
CaiTvalos piri, romelic patiosani SromiT miRebuli
Semosavlis nawils periodulad, Tundac nebayoflo-
biT gadascems qurduli samyaros romelime wevrs misive
Txovnis safuZvelze?
praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxveva, roca qurduli samyaros
wevrebi satransporto muSakebisgan (magaliTad, sa-
marSruto taqsebis mZRolebisgan) iTxoven yovelTviur
(an yoveldRiur) Tanxas im motiviT, rom igi moxmardes
cixeSi, gaWirvebaSi myofi patimrebisTvis normaluri
pirobebis Seqmnas. es mZRolebic formalurad nebay-
oflobiT, uxdian maT am Tanxas.
amis magaliTad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sa-
samarTlos mier 2006 wlis 15 dekembris ganaCeni, roml-
iTac dadgenilad CaiTvala Semdegi: `r. o-Svili, v. m-ni,
s. s-ni da s. s-ni cnoben da aRiareben qurdul samyaros,
eTanxmebian da axorcieleben maT miznebs, TavianTi
cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxataven maT mxardaWeras.
aRniSnuli gamoixata imaSi, rom muSaoben ra metromSe-
nis dasaxlebaSi moZrav #28-e samarSruto taqsis mZ-
Rolebad, nebayoflobiT, yovelgvari Zaldatanebisa da
iZulebis gareSe, qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxor-
cieleblad isini sistematurad, yovelTviurad uxdid-
nen qurduli samyaros warmomadgenels, kriminalur av-
toritets – m. a-Zes, metsaxelad `quco~-s, qurdul wils
43 laris odenobiT.~
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, am pirebs bralad Seer-
acxaT qurduli samyaros wevroba (2231
-e muxlis 1-eli
nawili.).

652. 651
am pirebTan 2006 wlis 7 dekembers Sedga saproceso
SeTanxmeba q. Tbilisis prokuraturis ganyofilebis
prokurorTan bralze, garigebasa da sasjelis zomaze.
saproceso SeTanxmeba dakmayofilda Tbilisis saqa-
laqo sasamarTlos mier da msjavrdebulebis mimarT
daniSnul sasjelze gamoyenebul iqna pirobiT gamo-
sacdeli vada (5-5 wlis vadiT), damatebiT sasjelad