This document discusses different sampling methods used in research: - Extreme or deviant case sampling seeks subjects that are unusual or atypical to understand variations from the average. - Snowball sampling relies on research participants to recruit other participants from their social networks. It is useful for hard to reach populations. - Convenience sampling selects easily accessible subjects but risks poor data quality and lacks credibility. - Theoretical sampling collects and analyzes data jointly to develop an emerging theory and determine what additional data to collect.

1. ❖Extreme or deviant
case
❖Snowball
❖Convenience
❖Theoretical Sample
Presented by:
-
- Lady Stefany Pascuas
-
-Jeisson Andres Torres

2. Extreme or deviant case
Extreme case sampling is when the researcher seeks for the
most extreme subjects; it is also focus on a particularly
problematic, a success examples of a phenomenon and
individuals that are unusual or atypical.
This form of sampling is more often used when researchers are
developing “best in practice” guidelines or are looking into “what
not to do”. An example would be a study into heart surgery
patients who recovered significantly faster or slower than
average. Researchers would be looking for variations in these
cases to explain why their recoveries were atypical.

3. EXAMPLE
Name:
Managing growth and development in information technology-based
new ventures: a life cycle perspective
Questions:
● What are the dominant problems confronting Queensland IT
firms?
● Do IT firms adopt a congruent set of strategies, structures and
control information systems to cope with their problems?
● What lessons emerge from how successful IT firms manage
growth and development transitions?

4. The CEOs of these high performing firms achieved
corporate success through transforming them into market-
oriented businesses. Aggressive forward integration, formal
strategic planning and market research, organizational
control of the new product development process all
correlate significantly with corporate success measures. The
competitive advantages of Queensland successful IT firms
also shifted over time from technological uniqueness
towards price/performance and customer service
dimensions.

6. • Install control systems early and develop these to cope with evolving problems.
Specifically this implies an early reliance upon conventional accounting reports which
are soon
supplemented by management budgets and long-term planning.
• Professionalise their operations in an "anticipatory" fashion.
That is they must develop organizational structures to delegate decision"making
authority to
responsible managers on pricing, personnel and budgetary matters.
• Formulate and implement market-oriented strategies.
IT firms must move from technical to customer-oriented businesses relatively early in
their
development by supplementing their product-based strategies with diversification and
distribution measures.

7. Snowball Sampling
Snowball sampling is where research participants recruit other participants
for a test or study. It is used where potential participants are hard to find. It’s
called snowball sampling because (in theory) once you have the ball rolling, it
picks up more “snow” along the way and becomes larger and larger. Snowball
sampling is a non-probability sampling method. It doesn’t have the probability
involved, with say, simple random sampling (where the odds are the same for
any particular participant being chosen). Rather, the researchers used their
own judgment to choose participants.

8. Snowball sampling consists of two
steps:
1. Identify potential subjects in the population. Often, only one or two
subjects can be found initially.
2.Ask those subjects to recruit other people (and then ask those people to
recruit. Participants should be made aware that they do not have to provide
any other names.

9. Name:
Empirical study of the effects of mobile Augmented Reality marketing as a
communicative marketing vehicle with particular focus on consumer
behaviour, brand value and customer retention.
Abstract
The present research aimed to examine possible impacts of mobile Augmented
Reality (AR) marketing on marketing outcomes like a change in consumer
behaviour, brand value and customer retention. For this purpose the relation
between AR-related variables like the feeling of excitement or enjoyment and
variables like a change in perception, commitment and satisfaction have been
tested. Furthermore, the present study examined further outcomes like word-
of-mouth and lower price sensitivity.
EXAMPLE

10. Snowball-sampling technique influenced and could have
determined the results into the age group between 18 and 34
years. Besides, most of the questionees came from Europe.
Only 3% of respondents came from Asia and 1% from America
(see Figure 2).

12. CONVENIENCE SAMPLE
Defined as a group of individuals
believed to be representative of
the population from which it is
selected.

13. ● Selection of the sample is at the convenience of
the research.
● It is the least rigorous technique, involving the
selection of the most accessible subjects.
● It is the least costly to the researcher, in terms of
time, effort and money, but may result in poor
quality data and lacks intellectual credibility.

14. EXAMPLE
Name: Jordanian consumers’ adoption of
telebanking Influence of perceived usefulness,
trust and self-efficacy.
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to examine the
main factors predicting the Jordanian
customers’ intentions and adaption of
telebanking.

15. A self-administered questionnaire was allocated
to gather the empirical data from a convenience
sample of Jordanian banking customers.
Structural equation modelling was applied to
validate the conceptual model and verify the
research hypotheses.

16. THEORETICAL SAMPLE
The process of data collection for
generating theory whereby the
analyst jointly collects, codes, and
analyzes his data and decides
what data to collect next and
where to find them, in order to
develop the theory as it emerges.

17. References
● (2018). Epublications.bond.edu.au. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from
http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=discussio
n_papers
● Anon, (n.d.). Snowball Sampling: Definition, Advantages and Disdvantages. Retrieved 13
April 2018, from : http://www.statisticshowto.com/snowball-sampling/.
● Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., & Simintiras, A. C. (2016). Jordanian
consumers' adoption of telebanking. The International Journal of Bank Marketing,
34(5), 690-709. Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1795938798?accountid=48797