The presentation was part of the Brussels Development Briefing on the topic of fish-farming, organized by the Technical Centre for Agriculture (CTA), the European Commission, and the African, Carribean, and Pacific (ACP) Secretariat on 3rd of July 2013 in Brussels.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
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Fish Farming Sector Challenges and Opportunities
1. Brussels Development Briefing n.32
Fish-farming the new driver of the blue
economy?
3rd July 2013
http://brusselsbriefings.net
Overview of the significance of the fish-
farming sector: challenges and
opportunities.
David Little, University of Stirling
2. EU FP7 Funded Project No. 222889 (2009-2013)
Overview of the significance of the
fish-farming sector: challenges and
opportunities
African, Caribbean and Pacific -ACP- countries
David Little
Institute of Aquaculture
University of Stirling
4. CTAs agenda
• CTA is committed to sustainable
development, increasing prosperity and
improving the wellbeing of agricultural and
rural populations in ACP countries in a cost-
effective and environmentally friendly manner
• Small-holders, sustainable intensification
5. Relative contribution of aquaculture and
capture fisheries to food fish consumption
Capture
Aquaculture
FAO, 2012
6. Overview of global fisheries, including aquaculture
http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/jpg/0314-
fishcatch-EN.jpg
11. Rapid transformation
• From domestic demand
to global trade
• Led by shrimp but now
being followed by white
fish species, pangasius
and tilapia
• Exotic or local species?
Source FAO, 2010, modified by Zhang et al, 2012
Shrimp and tilapia in China
13. Seafood –Number 1 exported
commodity from developing countries
FAO, 2012
14. A story of cities and deltas…
• Rapid growth of urban settlement
• Increasing demand for animal source foods
• Comparative change to aquatic food as a
commodity………..
• Transformation of land and water use on
deltas towards value-added products
• Growth in national, regional and international
trade
19. Development and change
• Immanent: on-going, undirected
• Interventionist: intentional, externally inserted
• Returns to ‘small-scale’ typically less than 10-15% of
household income
• But often multiple, complex benefits
– -more than 70% of farming families identified more than ten benefits
of rice-fish in NW Bangladesh (Haque et al, 2010)
• Incremental rather than transformational
• Complexity of social structure and market incentives
• Rapid uptake of commercial aquaculture by
entrepreneurs rather than farmers
20. Does size matter- ‘small-scale’ and
poverty
Belton, Haque and Little, 2012
21. Commodity aquaculture
• ‘Small-scale’ as a term is often misleading and
generally not comparable to a small-holder
producing a staple crop
• Maybe many benefits elsewhere in the value
chain
• Commodity-orientated aquaculture is not
always intensive
22. Can export be compatible with local
food security?
Extensive ‘free-range’ shrimp ponds in Southwest Bangladesh
23. Local food chains and employment
• Income from extensive
‘shrimp’ ponds in
southeast Bangladesh
less than half of income
from shrimp
• Employment gains for
the poorest groups
24. Local fish for local people
Photo:Susan Thompson–
Inconsistent quality seed and
feed often undermine
sustainability post-intervention
26. Limited freshwater sites
• Cages Lake Victoria
Uganda
• Access to
sites, exclusion of other
users?
Photo Will Leschen
27. Challenges in attaining positive
livelihood impacts
• Aquatic animals in the diet-coastal, lake or delta
living people
• Markets-urbanisation, export (not just the West!)
• Seed and hatchery
• Feed and nutrient management
• Markets
• Governance
• ….and broader development
• Benefits not as producers but elsewhere in the
value chain (employment, consumption)
28. ‘Local’ international markets
• Regional trade within
Asia and between Asia
and elsewhere is
growing faster than
conventional South-
North trade
• Traditional trade
between African states
in dried, smoked fish
30. Jamaica
• Beginning in the 1940s
• by the late 1990s,
>500ha, 100 farms
• >3000MT - 85% one
company
• significant exports
Photo Janielle Wallace
31. 2007-8
• Loss of export markets
• Focus on domestic but lack of competitiveness
also
• Post Hurricane damage interruptions in fry supply
• Gradual contraction ; change from intensive to
semi-intensive
– Local price $4.50/ lb
– Imported $2.10/ lb
– Failure of ‘eat local tilapia’ campaign
32. Seed and feed
Broodfish selection, Son hatchery
Uganda
Extruded feeds in Ghana, Raanan
Feeds Photo Will Leschen
33. …not just fish and shellfish
• Womens’ cooperative
producing seaweed in
Tanzania
35. Examples of new projects
• Development of insect larvae production to
support high quality feed ingredients for fish
and livestock production and off-set costs of
sanitary waste disposal (Ghana)
• Fisheries and aquaculture value chain
development in Malawi and Uganda
• Developing African Aquaculture Networks
Towards Sustainable Innovation
37. Thanks
• CTA for the invitation
• Will Leschen for African photographs
• Neil Handisyde for graphics
• Colleagues on the Sustaining Ethical
Aquaculture Trade project
• www.seatglobal.eu
• Contact me on dcl1@stir.ac.uk