The document discusses the differences between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. It states that data is static and unprocessed, while information is processed data that provides meaning and allows for easier decision making. Knowledge is described as information with insights and experience that offers a reliable basis for action. Wisdom is defined as accumulated knowledge and experience that enables prudent decision making. The document then focuses on defining different types of knowledge such as shallow vs deep knowledge, declarative vs procedural knowledge, and tacit vs explicit knowledge.

2. Data
 Represents unorganized and unprocessed facts.
 Data is static in nature.
 It can represent a set of discrete facts about events.
 It is a prerequisite to information.
 An organization sometimes has to decide on the
nature and volume of data that is required for
creating the necessary information.

3. Information
 Information can be considered as an
aggregation of data (processed data) which
makes decision making easier.
 Information has usually got some meaning
and purpose.

4. Knowledge
 Knowledge can be seen as information that
comes with insights, framed experience,
intuition, judgment, and values.
 In some sense knowledge represents truth and
therefore offers a reliable basis for action.

5. Wisdom
 Accumulated Knowledge or Enlightenment
 Wisdom comes with Knowledge and experience
 Ability to apply knowledge or experience
 It enables the individual to be rational
 The trait of utilizing knowledge and experience
with common sense and insight
 The quality of being prudent and sensible

6. What is “Knowledge"?
 Knowledge is the awareness and
understanding of facts, truths or information
gained in the form of experience or
learning.
 Knowledge is an appreciation of the
possession of interconnected details
which, in isolation, are of lesser value.

7. Types of Knowledge
 Shallow Knowledge
 Deep Knowledge
 Reasoning
 Heuristics
 Common Sense
 Declaratives Knowledge
 Procedural Knowledge
 Semantic Knowledge
 Episodic Knowledge

8. Shallow Knowledge
 Readily recalled surface knowledge with minimal
understanding of the problem area
Loan of small amount checking the salary & assets

9. Deep Knowledge
 Acquired through years of experience of years
Loan approval checking credit rating, net
worth, pattern of paying on time etc.

10. Knowledge as know-how
 Knowledge based on reading & training
 Knowledge based on practical experience

11. Reasoning
 relating one concept to another
If A>B, B>C then A>C

12. Heuristics
 Rules of Thumb based on years of experience

13. Common Sense
 A collection personal experience and
facts acquired over time which humans
tend to take for granted .

14. Procedural Knowledge
 How to do a task / Carry out a procedure
 Psychomotor skills
Hold a handrail while riding an escalator
 Non psychomotor
Fluently speaking a language

15. Declarative Knowledge
 Awareness knowledge of which the expert is
conscious
 Shallow – readily recalled – simple uncomplicated
information
 Resides in short term memory
Remember a number from a list to dial

16. Semantic Knowledge
 Deep kind of highly organized knowledge
 residing in long term memory
 In the memory for years
 Used very often
 Seems like second nature
Vocabulary, facts, relationships

17. Episodic Knowledge
 Based on experiential information
 Is in long term memory
 More time an expert takes to explain the
knowledge the more episodic it is

18. Shallow • Procedural Knowledge
Knowledge
• Declarative Knowledge
• Semantic Knowledge
Deep
• Episodic Knowledge
Knowledge

19. Tacit Knowledge
 Knowledge embedded in human mind through
experience and jobs
 Personal and hard to formalize and communicate
Intuitions, values & beliefs

20. Explicit Knowledge
 Knowledge codified & digitalized in
documents, books, spreadsheet, memos, traini
ng course
 Knowing that – theoretical knowledge
 Easier to identify as it is a physical entity which
can be measured and distributed