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Knowledge as Love How Metaphors Direct our Efforts to Manage Knowledge in Organisations Keynote address 8th European Conference on Knowledge Management Consorci Escola Industrial de Barcelona (CEIB), Barcelona, Spain 6-7 September 2007 Dr. Daniel Andriessen INHOLLAND University of professional Education Amsterdam The Netherlands
Simplified Chinese
Lakoff and Johnson (1999)
Create an  inventory  of knowledge Check where knowledge is  located Store  important knowledge Improve  access to  knowledge KNOWLEDGE AS A RESOURCE
I  got plenty  of time That  took  three hours He  wasted  my time This will  save  time TIME AS A RESOURCE
The TIME ORIENTATION metaphor PAST FUTURE
Aymara’s use the opposite
MOVING OBSERVER metaphor EVENT 1 EVENT 2 EVENT 3 “ will you be staying a long time o r  a short time ?” "how long is your visit?"
MOVING TIME metaphor TIME "the time for action has arrived" "time flies by"
What happened before the Big Bang? EVENT 1 EVENT 2 EVENT 3
Time traveling
Mapping from source to target Target  Domain (time) Source  Domain (space) Characteristics of target domain not covered by  source domain Characteristics of source domain not used by  metaphor metaphorical entailments
Time as a moving object metaphor Time Moving Object “ length” “ amount” “ scarcity” “ direction” “origin” “ destination” “ arrives” “ flies by” “ speed”
Mapping from sources to target Target  Domain (TIME) Source  Domain Source  Domain Source  Domain Source  Domain RESOURCE SPACE
Intermezzo 1: truth does not exist ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conceptualisation s  of knowledge  are  metaphorical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Knowledge as a resource “ Apply knowledge” “ Use knowledge” “ Store knowledge” “ Accumulate knowledge” Knowledge as thoughts or feelings “ Articulate knowledge” “ Verbalize knowledge” “ Externalize knowledge” “ Internalize knowledge” KNOWLEDGE AS STUFF Knowledge as  organism “ Growing knowledge” “ Nurturing knowledge” “ Knowledge develops” Knowledge as  capital “ Value knowledge ” “ Invest knowledge”
Knowledge as Resource metaphor Knowledge becomes  part of logistic discourse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is not used What the metaphor highlights What the metaphor hides Target  Domain Source  Domain RESOURCE
Knowledge as Assets metaphor Knowledge becomes part of accounting discourse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is not used What the metaphor highlights What the metaphor hides Target  Domain Source  Domain ASSETS
Knowledge as Property metaphor Knowledge becomes  part of legal discourse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is not used What the metaphor highlights What the metaphor hides Target  Domain Source  Domain PROPERTY
There are big differences between the authors Davenport & Prusak  (2000) Nonaka & Takeuchi  (1995)
Transformation of entailments require argumentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],√   √   √   √   √   √   √   X X X X X X X
What is wrong with KNOWLEDGE AS STUFF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Knowledge as a resource “ Gather  knowledge” “ Store knowledge” “ Distribute  knowledge ” KNOWLEDGE AS STUFF Knowledge as  capital “ Value knowledge ” “ Invest knowledge”
Western and Eastern views on knowledge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Design of the exercise Employees Metaphor 1 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Metaphor 2 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Vote (2 votes per person) Questionnaire Personal reflection Managers Metaphor 1 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Metaphor 2 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Vote (2 votes per person) Questionnaire Personal reflection
KNOWLEDGE AS WATER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KNOWLEDGE AS LOVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intermezzo 2: problems don't exist ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KM Metaphor Analysis Scoring Form
W hat would  be  the outcome of your research if we see knowledge not at stuff but as love?
Thank You! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Knowledge as Love Metaphors Direct Efforts

  • 1. Knowledge as Love How Metaphors Direct our Efforts to Manage Knowledge in Organisations Keynote address 8th European Conference on Knowledge Management Consorci Escola Industrial de Barcelona (CEIB), Barcelona, Spain 6-7 September 2007 Dr. Daniel Andriessen INHOLLAND University of professional Education Amsterdam The Netherlands
  • 4. Create an inventory of knowledge Check where knowledge is located Store important knowledge Improve access to knowledge KNOWLEDGE AS A RESOURCE
  • 5. I got plenty of time That took three hours He wasted my time This will save time TIME AS A RESOURCE
  • 6. The TIME ORIENTATION metaphor PAST FUTURE
  • 8. MOVING OBSERVER metaphor EVENT 1 EVENT 2 EVENT 3 “ will you be staying a long time o r a short time ?” "how long is your visit?"
  • 9. MOVING TIME metaphor TIME "the time for action has arrived" "time flies by"
  • 10. What happened before the Big Bang? EVENT 1 EVENT 2 EVENT 3
  • 12. Mapping from source to target Target Domain (time) Source Domain (space) Characteristics of target domain not covered by source domain Characteristics of source domain not used by metaphor metaphorical entailments
  • 13. Time as a moving object metaphor Time Moving Object “ length” “ amount” “ scarcity” “ direction” “origin” “ destination” “ arrives” “ flies by” “ speed”
  • 14. Mapping from sources to target Target Domain (TIME) Source Domain Source Domain Source Domain Source Domain RESOURCE SPACE
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. There are big differences between the authors Davenport & Prusak (2000) Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995)
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Design of the exercise Employees Metaphor 1 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Metaphor 2 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Vote (2 votes per person) Questionnaire Personal reflection Managers Metaphor 1 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Metaphor 2 Gathering results Diagnosis and development of solutions Working in teams of 4 plenary session Vote (2 votes per person) Questionnaire Personal reflection
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. KM Metaphor Analysis Scoring Form
  • 29. W hat would be the outcome of your research if we see knowledge not at stuff but as love?
  • 30.