AN IMPROVED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM BASED ON THE BDM (BIT DECISION MAKING) ME...ijmpict
Based on the BDM (Bit Decision Making) method, the present work presents two contributions: first, the
illustration of the use of the technique known as SOP (Sum Of Products) in order to systematize the
process to obtain the correlation function for sub-system’s mathematical modelling, and second,the provision of capacity to manage a greater than binary but a finite - discrete set of possible subjective qualifications of suppliers at any criterion.
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Using Risk Analysis and Simulation in Project ManagementMike Tulkoff
An overview of risk management techniques that can be incorporated into project plans and schedules. Learn how to use tools such as @RISK for Excel and Microsoft project to run Monte Carlo simulations on project plans. Model uncertain inputs under several scenarios to view the effect on project outputs like duration, dates, and cost.
OR is defined as a scientific approach to optimal decision making through modelling of
deterministic and probabilistic systems that originate from real life.
Scientific approach: LPP, PERT/CPM, Queueing model, NLP, DP,MILP, Game
theory, heuristic programming.
Deterministic system: - a system which gives the same result for a particular set of
input, no matter how many times we recalculate it
Development of a family of products that satisfies different sectors of the market introduces significant challenges to today’s manufacturing industries – from development time to aftermarket services. A product family with a common platform paradigm offers a powerful solution to these daunting challenges. The Comprehensive Product Platform Planning (CP3) framework formulates a flexible product family model that (i) seeks to eliminate traditional boundaries between modular and scalable families, (ii) allows the formation of sub-families of products, and (iii) yield the optimal depth and number of platforms. In this paper, the CP3 framework introduces a solution strategy that obviates common assumptions; namely (i) the identification of platform/non-platform design variables and the determination of variable values are separate processes, and (ii) the cost reduction of creating product platforms is independent of the total number of each product manufactured. A new Cost Decay Function (CDF) is developed to approximate the reduction in cost with increasing commonalities among products, for a specified capacity of production. The Mixed Integer Non-Liner Programming (MINLP) problem, presented by the CP3 model, is solved using a novel Platform Segregating Mapping Function (PSMF). The proposed CP3 framework is implemented on a family of universal electric motors.
The Comprehensive Product Platform Planning (CP3) framework presents a flexible mathematical model of the platform planning process, which allows (i) the formation of sub-families of products, and (ii) the simultaneous identification and quantification of plat- form/scaling design variables. The CP3 model is founded on a generalized commonality matrix that represents the product platform plan, and yields a mixed binary-integer non- linear programming problem. In this paper, we develop a methodology to reduce the high dimensional binary integer problem to a more tractable integer problem, where the com- monality matrix is represented by a set of integer variables. Subsequently, we determine the feasible set of values for the integer variables in the case of families with 3 − 7 kinds of products. The cardinality of the feasible set is found to be orders of magnitude smaller than the total number of unique combinations of the commonality variables. In addition, we also present the development of a generalized approach to Mixed-Discrete Non-Linear Optimization (MDNLO) that can be implemented through standard non-gradient based op- timization algorithms. This MDNLO technique is expected to provide a robust and compu- tationally inexpensive optimization framework for the reduced CP3 model. The generalized approach to MDNLO uses continuous optimization as the primary search strategy, how- ever, evaluates the system model only at the feasible locations in the discrete variable space.
Feature Importance Analysis with XGBoost in Tax auditMichael BENESTY
Presentation of a real use case at TAJ law firm (Deloitte Paris) of applying Machine learning on accounting to help clients to prepare their tax audit.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
AN IMPROVED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM BASED ON THE BDM (BIT DECISION MAKING) ME...ijmpict
Based on the BDM (Bit Decision Making) method, the present work presents two contributions: first, the
illustration of the use of the technique known as SOP (Sum Of Products) in order to systematize the
process to obtain the correlation function for sub-system’s mathematical modelling, and second,the provision of capacity to manage a greater than binary but a finite - discrete set of possible subjective qualifications of suppliers at any criterion.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Using Risk Analysis and Simulation in Project ManagementMike Tulkoff
An overview of risk management techniques that can be incorporated into project plans and schedules. Learn how to use tools such as @RISK for Excel and Microsoft project to run Monte Carlo simulations on project plans. Model uncertain inputs under several scenarios to view the effect on project outputs like duration, dates, and cost.
OR is defined as a scientific approach to optimal decision making through modelling of
deterministic and probabilistic systems that originate from real life.
Scientific approach: LPP, PERT/CPM, Queueing model, NLP, DP,MILP, Game
theory, heuristic programming.
Deterministic system: - a system which gives the same result for a particular set of
input, no matter how many times we recalculate it
Development of a family of products that satisfies different sectors of the market introduces significant challenges to today’s manufacturing industries – from development time to aftermarket services. A product family with a common platform paradigm offers a powerful solution to these daunting challenges. The Comprehensive Product Platform Planning (CP3) framework formulates a flexible product family model that (i) seeks to eliminate traditional boundaries between modular and scalable families, (ii) allows the formation of sub-families of products, and (iii) yield the optimal depth and number of platforms. In this paper, the CP3 framework introduces a solution strategy that obviates common assumptions; namely (i) the identification of platform/non-platform design variables and the determination of variable values are separate processes, and (ii) the cost reduction of creating product platforms is independent of the total number of each product manufactured. A new Cost Decay Function (CDF) is developed to approximate the reduction in cost with increasing commonalities among products, for a specified capacity of production. The Mixed Integer Non-Liner Programming (MINLP) problem, presented by the CP3 model, is solved using a novel Platform Segregating Mapping Function (PSMF). The proposed CP3 framework is implemented on a family of universal electric motors.
The Comprehensive Product Platform Planning (CP3) framework presents a flexible mathematical model of the platform planning process, which allows (i) the formation of sub-families of products, and (ii) the simultaneous identification and quantification of plat- form/scaling design variables. The CP3 model is founded on a generalized commonality matrix that represents the product platform plan, and yields a mixed binary-integer non- linear programming problem. In this paper, we develop a methodology to reduce the high dimensional binary integer problem to a more tractable integer problem, where the com- monality matrix is represented by a set of integer variables. Subsequently, we determine the feasible set of values for the integer variables in the case of families with 3 − 7 kinds of products. The cardinality of the feasible set is found to be orders of magnitude smaller than the total number of unique combinations of the commonality variables. In addition, we also present the development of a generalized approach to Mixed-Discrete Non-Linear Optimization (MDNLO) that can be implemented through standard non-gradient based op- timization algorithms. This MDNLO technique is expected to provide a robust and compu- tationally inexpensive optimization framework for the reduced CP3 model. The generalized approach to MDNLO uses continuous optimization as the primary search strategy, how- ever, evaluates the system model only at the feasible locations in the discrete variable space.
Feature Importance Analysis with XGBoost in Tax auditMichael BENESTY
Presentation of a real use case at TAJ law firm (Deloitte Paris) of applying Machine learning on accounting to help clients to prepare their tax audit.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. 1. Course Description:
The purpose of this course is to introduce Operations
Research (OR) / Management Science (MS)
techniques for manufacturing, services, and public
sector.
OR/MS includes a variety of techniques used in
modeling business applications for both better
understanding the system in question and making
best decisions.
3. OR/MS techniques have been applied in many
situations, ranging from inventory management
in manufacturing firms to capital budgeting in
large and small organizations.
Public and Private Sector Applications
4. The main objective of this course is to provide
engineers with a variety of decisional tools
available for modeling and solving problems in a
real business and/or nonprofit context.
In this class, each individual will explore how to
make various business models and how to solve
them effectively.
5. 2. Text and References :
Text:
(1) Hillier and Lieberman
Introduction to Operations Research (2001),
Seven Edition, McGraw-Hill. (滄海)
(2) 潘昭賢 葉瑞徽 譯
作業研究(上) (2003) (滄海)
6. References :
(1) Lawrence and Pasternack
Applied Management Science (2001)
Second Edition, John Wiley&Sons. (西書)
(2) Hillier, Hillier and Lieberman,
Introduction to Management Science: A Modeling
and Case Studies Approach with Spreadsheets
(2000), McGraw-Hill . (華泰)
8. 4. Topic Outline:
Unit Topic(s)
1 Introduction and Overview
2 Linear Programming Formulation
3 Solving Linear Programming
4 Theory of Simplex
5 Duality Theory
6 Project Scheduling: PERT-CPM
7 Game Theory
9. Unit Topic(s)
8 Decision Analysis
9 Markov Chain Model
10 Queuing Theory
11 Inventory Theory
12 Forecasting
13 Simulation
10. Linear Programming (LP):
A mathematical method that consists of an objective
function and many constraints.
LP involves the planning of activities to obtain an
optimal result, using a mathematical model, in which
all the functions are expressed by a linear relation.
12. Simplex method:
A remarkably efficient solution procedure for
solving various LP problems.
Extensions and variations of the simplex method
are used to perform postoptimality analysis
(including sensitivity analysis).
13. 1
x 2
x 3
x 4
x 5
x
Z
3
x
4
x
5
x
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
2
1 5
3 x
x
Z
1
x 3
x
2
x 4
x
2
1 2
3 x
x 5
x
18
12
4
0
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a) Algebraic Form
(b) Tabular Form
Coefficient of: Right
Side
Basic Variable
Z
Eq.
1 -3 -5 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 1 0 12
0 3 2 0 0 1 18
14. Duality Theory:
An important discovery in the early development
of LP is Duality Theory.
Each LP problem, referred to as ” a primal
problem” is associated with another LP problem
called “a dual problem”.
One of the key uses of duality theory lies in the
interpretation and implementation of sensitivity
analysis.
15.
n
j
j
j x
c
Z
1
,
m
i
i
i y
b
W
1
,
n
j
i
j
ij b
x
a
1
,
m
i
j
i
ij c
y
a
1
,
,
0
xj
Maximize Minimize
subject to subject to
,
0
i
y
for i = 1, 2,…, m for j = 1, 2,…, n
for i = 1, 2,…, m.
for j = 1, 2,…, n.
Primal Problem Dual Problem
16. PERT (Program Evaluation and Review
Technique)-CPM (Critical Path Method):
PERT and CPM have been used extensively to
assist project managers in planning, scheduling,
and controlling their projects.
Applications: Project Management, Project
Scheduling
18. Game Theory:
A mathematical theory that deals with the general
features of competitive situations (in which the
final outcome depends primarily upon the
combination of strategies selected by the
opponent).
19. Strategy
Player 2
1 2
1 -1
-1 1
Player 1
1
2
Payoff table for the odds and evens game
Applications: Corporate Scheduling, Group Ware,
Strategy
Each player shows either one finger or two
fingers. If the total number is even, player 1
wins the bet $1 to player 2. If the total number
is odd, then player 1 pays $1 to player 2.
20. Decision Analysis:
An important technique for decision making in
uncertainty.
It divides decision making between the cases
of without experimentation and with
experimentation.
Applications: Decision Making, Planning
22. Markov Chain Model:
A special kind of a stochastic process.
It has a special property that probabilities,
involving how a process will evolve in
future, depend only on the present state of
the process, and so are independent of events
in the past.
Applications: Inventory Control, Forecasting
23. Suppose that two players (A and B), each having
$2, agree to keep playing the game and betting
$1 at a time until one player is broke.
The probability of A winning:
The probability of B winning:
.
1
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
0
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
0
0
3
1
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
1
p
State 0 1 2 3 4
0
1
2
3
4
3
1
3
2
24. Queueing Theory:
This theory studies queueing systems by
formulating mathematical models of their
operation and then using these models to derive
measures of performance.
25. This analysis provides vital information for
effectively designing queueing systems that
achieve an appropriate balance between the
cost of providing a service and the cost
associated with waiting for the service.
26. S
S Service
S facility
S
C
C
C
C
Served customers
Served customers
C C C C C C
Queueing system
Customers
Queue
Applications: Waiting Line Design, Banking,
Network Design
27. Inventory Theory:
This theory is used by both wholesalers and retailers
to maintain inventories of goods to be available for
purchase by customers.
The just-in-time inventory system is such an example
that emphasizes planning and scheduling so that the
needed materials arrive “just-in-time” for their use.
Applications: Inventory Analysis, Warehouse Design
28. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model
Q
Q
at
Q
Time t
Inventory
level
Batch
size
a
Q
a
Q
2
0
29. Forecasting:
When historical sales data are available, statistical
forecasting methods have been developed for using
these data to forecast future demand.
Several judgmental forecasting methods use expert
judgment.
Applications: Future Prediction, Inventory Analysis
30. 1/99 4/99 7/99 10/99 1/00 4/00 7/00
The evolution of the monthly sales of a product
illustrates a time series
Monthly
sales
(units
sold)
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
31. Simulation:
This technique is widely used for estimating the
performance of complex stochastic systems if
contemplated designs or operating policies are to
be used.
Applications: Risk Analysis, Future Prediction
33. Introduction to MS/OR
MS: Management Science
OR: Operations Research
Key components: (a) Modeling/Formulation
(b) Algorithm
(c) Application
34. OR/MS:
(1) A discipline that attempts to aid managerial
decision making by applying a scientific approach
to managerial problems that involve quantitative
factors.
(2) OR/MS is based upon mathematics, computer
science and other social sciences like economics
and business.
35. General Steps of OR/MS:
Step 1: Define problem and gather data
Step 2: Formulate a mathematical model to
represent the problem
Step 3: Develop a computer based procedure
for deriving a solution(s) to the
problem
36. Step 4: Test the model and refine it as needed
Step 5: Apply the model to analyze the
problem and make recommendation
for management
Step 6: Help implementation
37. WWII: The British and U.S. Military
Operations
The Simplex Method: George Dantzig, 1947
Computer Revolution (Hardware/Software).
Origin of OR/MS: