1. In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, the maxim of an act is: (Points : 1)  the policy or principle that you would be following if you did it.         the expected overall utility resulting from the action.         the moral rule that an act either respects or violates .         all of the above. Question 2.2. If Glaukon is correct, then justice (Points : 1)  is valuable in its own right.         is always more beneficial than injustice.         has value only relative to its usefulness to the individual.         has value only relative particular cultures. Question 3.3. Aristotle describes each virtue as: (Points : 1)  a maximum.         a minimum         a relative mean.         an absolute mean. Question 4.4. What is palliative care? (Points : 1)  Treatments that relieve suffering for people in life threatening situations that allow them to live their lives to the fullest.         Treatments that are only provided in Canada.         Treatments that heal people when they face life-threatening illnesses.         Treatments that involve painful processes that help to kill cancer and other diseases. Question 5.5. In Held’s article, a thinker named Annette Baier claims that the history of Western ethical thought does not take into account feminine aspects because (Points : 1)  The great moral theorists were men who had little intimate interaction with women.         The great moral theorists were often loving husbands.         The great moral theorists hated women.         The great moral theorists Question 6.6. Rachels claims that: (Points : 1)  there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia, considered in themselves.         there is always a moral difference between the consequences of active and passive euthanasia.         both a and b.         neither a nor b. Question 7.7. In Aristotle’s view, the virtues are: (Points : 1)  acquired through habit.         acquired through philosophical reflection.         a gift from the gods.         something we are either born with or not. Question 8.8. If Midgley is correct, moral scepticism (Points : 1)  Leads to inaction.         Leads to crude opinions.         Leads to immorality.         Rejects all criticism. Question 9.9. What does Peter Singer say about the history of liberation movements?  (Points : 1)  They tend to become narrower in scope … zeroing in on the exact class that deserves moral consideration.         They tend to become wider in scope … with people learning to apply moral principles to groups previously not considered.         They tend to become more discriminatory … giving fewer and fewer rights to the less privileged.         They tend to discover that the original concepts in the past were superior and it is a mistake to veer from traditional wisdom. Question 10.10. According to Kant, suicide is: (Points : 1)  Moral if and only if one’s life becomes too burdensome.         Moral if and only if it relieves other p.

1. 1. In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, the
maxim of an act is: (Points : 1)
the policy or principle that you would be following if you did
it.
the expected overall utility resulting from the action.
the moral rule that an act either respects or violates .
all of the above.
Question 2.2. If Glaukon is correct, then justice (Points : 1)
is valuable in its own right.
is always more beneficial than injustice.
has value only relative to its usefulness to the individual.
has value only relative particular cultures.
Question 3.3. Aristotle describes each virtue as: (Points : 1)
a maximum.
a minimum
a relative mean.
an absolute mean.
Question 4.4. What is palliative care? (Points : 1)
Treatments that relieve suffering for people in life threatening
situations that allow them to live their lives to the fullest.
Treatments that are only provided in Canada.
Treatments that heal people when they face life-
threatening illnesses.
Treatments that involve painful processes that help to kill
cancer and other diseases.
Question 5.5. In Held’s article, a thinker named Annette Baier

2. claims that the history of Western ethical thought does not take
into account feminine aspects because (Points : 1)
The great moral theorists were men who had little intimate
interaction with women.
The great moral theorists were often loving husbands.
The great moral theorists hated women.
The great moral theorists
Question 6.6. Rachels claims that: (Points : 1)
there is no moral difference between active and passive
euthanasia, considered in themselves.
there is always a moral difference between the
consequences of active and passive euthanasia.
both a and b.
neither a nor b.
Question 7.7. In Aristotle’s view, the virtues are: (Points : 1)
acquired through habit.
acquired through philosophical reflection.
a gift from the gods.
something we are either born with or not.
Question 8.8. If Midgley is correct, moral scepticism (Points :
1)
Leads to inaction.
Leads to crude opinions.
Leads to immorality.
Rejects all criticism.
Question 9.9. What does Peter Singer say about the history of
liberation movements? (Points : 1)
They tend to become narrower in scope … zeroing in on the

3. exact class that deserves moral consideration.
They tend to become wider in scope … with people
learning to apply moral principles to groups previously not
considered.
They tend to become more discriminatory … giving fewer
and fewer rights to the less privileged.
They tend to discover that the original concepts in the past
were superior and it is a mistake to veer from traditional
wisdom.
Question 10.10. According to Kant, suicide is: (Points : 1)
Moral if and only if one’s life becomes too burdensome.
Moral if and only if it relieves other people’s burdens.
Immoral because it involves treating one’s autonomous
will merely as a means to the relief of suffering.
Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation.
Question 11.11. According to the videos, in which is it legal to
commit assisted suicide? (Points : 1)
Canada
Mexico
Germany
Switzerland
Question 12.12. The Ring of Gyges gave the shepherd who
found it (Points : 1)
Intelligence
Invincibility
Invisibility
Wisdom
Question 13.13. According to Nagel, which of the following

4. may be permitted by absolutism, at least in some circumstances?
(Points : 1)
Intentionally killing an innocent person
Doing something that brings about an innocent person's
death
Dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy city
Torturing an innocent person
Question 14.14. According to Glaukon, justice is based on
(Points : 1)
Mutually advantageous agreements among people.
The laws of God.
Natural goodwill among people.
The will of the powerful.
Question 15.15. A false promise, according to Kant, is: (Points :
1)
something that I could never will to be universal law.
something that I could will to be universal law only when
it benefits the majority.
something that I could will to be universal law only when
it benefits me.
something that I could will to be universal law only when
it prevents a greater wrong.
Question 16.16. In the video, “Drones Are Ethical and
Effective,” Kenneth Anderson argues that the use of drones is
ethical because (Points : 1)
it provides a greater separation between the target and operator
it allows us to maintain a list of high value targets
it is more precise than other forms of weaponry
none of the above

5. Question 17.17. According to Kant, the moral worth of an
action: (Points : 1)
lies in its conformity to the moral law.
lies in the value of the expected result.
lies in its conformity to God’s commands.
lies in its usefulness to society.
Question 18.18. According to Rachels, active euthanasia is
currently: (Points : 1)
forbidden by law, and conventionally considered immoral.
forbidden by law, but conventionally considered
permissible.
permitted by law, but conventionally considered immoral.
permitted by law, and conventionally considered
permissible.
Question 19.19. Midgely concludes that (Points : 1)
If we accept a value in another culture, we can still reject that
value in our culture.
If we accept a value in another culture, we must accept
that value in our culture.
If we reject a value in another culture, we must reject that
value in our culture.
B and C.
Question 20.20. Robinson suggests that the more closely one
associates with one’s identity with a certain group, the more one
will (Points : 1)
Associate one’s honor with defying the honor of the group
Associate one’s honor with that of the group
Associate one’s honor with that of the enemy group
Associate one’s honor with the honor of prudence

6. None of the above
Question 21.21. When faced with the complaint that
utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that
pleasures differ in: (Points : 1)
purity.
quality.
species.
weight.
Question 22.22. Which answer best describes Noddings’s
statements about how mothers frequently to feel about losing
their children in war? (Points : 1)
Mothers rest assured that the deaths of their children was fully
justified by the good they did in the war
Mothers often allow their desire to demonstrate patriotism
to override their natural opposition to war and the death of their
children
Mothers universally oppose war and the death of children
that it inevitably brings
Mothers are generally more enthusiastic for war than
anyone else because they know it will make the world safer for
future generations
Question 23.23. Rachels argues that the conventional doctrine:
(Points : 1)
is self-evidently correct.
is not what most people believe, but can be supported by
strong arguments.
leads to decisions concerning life and death made on
morally irrelevant grounds.
leads to patients being euthanized against their will.

7. Question 24.24. According to Nagel, to which of the following
groups of people is hostility most appropriately aimed? (Points :
1)
Innocents
Civilians
Combatants
Non-combatants
Question 25.25. Midgley analyzes the position that each society
is a separate culture with its own values. This position is known
as (Points : 1)
Moral relativism
Moral isolationism
Moral structuralism
Moral voluntarism
Question 26.26. Midgley thinks that although we can understand
or appreciate other societies, (Points : 1)
We should never judge the values of other societies.
We must always respect the values of other societies.
We have the right to judge other societies.
We cannot understand them well enough to judge them.
Question 27.27. According to the video “Religion, War, and
Violence,” Just War Theory asserts that military intervention
(Points : 1)
can be seen as an act of altruism
must always have an altruistic component
must be primarily an act of altruism
must never have an altruistic component

8. Question 28.28. Reason is a faculty that we have that: (Points :
1)
is only good if it succeeds in satisfying our desires.
is the driving principle of a good will.
is the fundamental ground of human dignity.
both B and C
Question 29.29. Robinson argues that integrity should be
regarded as: (Points : 1)
An absolute value in all military activities
An absolute value in the honor group
An absolute value only on the battlefield
An absolute value only for noncombatants
None of the above
Question 30.30. According to the video “Religion, War, and
Violence,” proponents of Just War Theory agree that without
the restraints of Just War Theory (Points : 1)
the violence and aggression of war would be worse
humanitarian intervention would be more successful
prisoners and noncombatants would have greater equality
none of the above
Question 31.31. Hill claims that a fruitful way to think about
the badness of destroying the environment is: (Points : 1)
To think about what kind of human would choose to destroy
the earth.
To appeal to theories about God and care for the earth.
To examine people’s intuitions about whether it is right to
harm the environment.
To examine the rights that belong to the environment and
act on the basis of those rights.

9. Question 32.32. Which of the following does not happen to pigs
on today’s factory farms in the “Meet Your Meat” video?
(Points : 1)
They are raised in extreme confinement so dense that they
can’t turn around
They are castrated and have tails chopped without pain
killers
They are slaughtered quickly and painlessly
Many are quite conscious while being slaughtered
Question 33.33. In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of
Morals we find that to act on ‘duty’ is (Points : 1)
to act from a self-seeking purpose
to act because you want to
to act out of respect for law
to act out of the fear of God
Question 34.34. According to Caroline Heldman, which of the
following is a question that applies to her sexual object test?
(Points : 1)
Does the image show people having sex?
Does the image show a person as something that can be
bought or sold?
Does the image display a full image of a woman?
Does the image display violence against people in the
image?
Question 35.35. According to Gilligan, stages five and six of
Kohlberg’s analysis of moral development involve (Points : 1)
an egocentric understanding of fairness
shared conventions of societal agreement
a logic of equality and reciprocity

10. a disposition of emotional affectivity
Question 36.36. The conventional doctrine is endorsed by:
(Points : 1)
Rachels.
the American Medical Association.
both a and b.
neither a nor b.
Question 37.37. Kass argues that there is an important
difference between withdrawing treatment and active, direct
mercy killing, and this difference lies in the (Points : 1)
primary intention of the doctor.
ultimate outcome of the actions.
Constitution of the United States.
sympathy that we feel for the patient’s suffering.
Question 38.38. James Rachels points out that when passive
euthanasia is employed on infants, they typically die of: (Points
: 1)
poisoning.
SARS.
suffocation.
dehydration and infection.
Question 39.39. Passive euthanasia is: (Points : 1)
the intentional termination of one’s life by another person, to
relieve pain and suffering.
ceasing to use “extraordinary means” to prolong
someone’s life.
intentionally causing a patient’s death, against the
patient’s wishes.

11. the refusal to treat a patient to avoid incurring unnecessary
costs.
Question 40.40. In what way would Hill’s notion of “self-
acceptance” correspond to Aristotle’s conception of
eudaimonia? (Points : 1)
They both are inherently selfish and contrary to virtue.
They both require the virtues of arrogance and pride.
Neither has anything to do with ethics.
They both involve acknowledging that we are the sorts of
creatures we are.
Question 41.41. Hill would claim that a lack of aesthetic
perception (Points : 1)
might indicate an inability to appreciate the true value of
things in general.
might indicate that the person simply has a different set of
subjective tastes.
might indicate that one lacks a precise philosophical
account of the beautiful.
might indicate an inability to express proper self-
deception.
Question 42.42. Michael Walzer argues that there is a radical
distinction between war and civil life because (Points : 1)
war is an intensely collective and collectivizing experience
the circumstances of war are intensely coercive in ways
not found elsewhere in society
war is a world of pervasive uncertainty
all of the above
Question 43.43. In the video, “Drones are Ethical and

12. Effective,” Kenneth Anderson states that drones are different
from other weapon systems because (Points : 1)
they provide a longer loiter time
they involve remote operation
they eliminate civilian casualties
none of the above
Question 44.44. According to the scene from The Bridge on the
River Kwai, what is the ultimate reason Colonel Nicholson
(Alec Guinness) insists that the soldiers work hard to build the
best bridge possible: (Points : 1)
Because even in captivity, they know that God is watching
them.
So that the British forces will be able to fight the Japanese
more effectively.
Because the better the bridge, the more benefit they will
receive and less punishment they will endure from their captors.
Because it is an expression of the strength and dignity of a
soldier even in captivity.
Question 45.45. Gilligan claims that females tend to see
relationships as these (Points : 1)
hierarchies
webs
rules
duties
Question 46.46. Thomas Nagel argues that all rules of
engagement should be governed by the utilitarian principle that
(Points : 1)
any means can be justified if it leads to a worthy end
the greatest good can justify targeting noncombatants
we are always justified in attacking the tyranny of the

13. majority
none of the above
Question 47.47. In Gilligan’s example, the child named Amy
focuses on this aspect of the Heinz dilemma (Points : 1)
the logical nature of the problem
a utilitarian calculus that weighs the options
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
the relationships involved in the dilemma
Question 48.48. Leon Kass argues that
the primary responsibility of physicians is to: (Points : 1)
respect the autonomy of the patient.
make decisions on the basis of compassion and good
intention.
benefit sick by the activity of healing.
preserve a patient’s life by every means possible.
Question 49.49. Glaukon seems to think that people are (Points
: 1)
Naturally benevolent
Naturally pious
Naturally just
Naturally egocentric
Question 50.50. According to Rachels, many people accept the
conventional doctrine because they believe: (Points : 1)
killing is intrinsically worse than letting die.
there is no intrinsic moral difference between killing and
letting die.
letting die is morally worse than killing.
it is never permissible either to let someone die or to kill

14. them.