Question 1. 1. According to Caroline Heldman, which of the following is a question that applies to her sexual object test? (Points : 1)       [removed] Does the image show people having sex?       [removed] Does the image show a person as something that can be bought or sold?       [removed] Does the image display a full image of a woman?       [removed] Does the image display violence against people in the image? Question 2. 2. What would best express Colonel Nicholson’s (Alec Guinness) view regarding what makes a soldier, as expressed in the The Bridge on the River Kwai clip? (Points : 1)       [removed] The virtues of a good soldier are consistent no matter the circumstance.       [removed] A good solider only acts virtuously when it benefits himself and his country.       [removed] The good soldier regards the enemy as having less intrinsic worth than one’s own people.       [removed] All of the above. Question 3. 3. In 2003, how many people died in Canada, according to the video “Dying for Care: Quality Palliative and End of Life Care in Canada”? (Points : 1)       [removed] 350,000       [removed] 2.2 million       [removed] 750,000       [removed] 226,000 Question 4. 4. What is Tom Regan’s position about the use of animals in research and agriculture? (Points : 1)       [removed] Animals should be used whenever it can be proven that the human benefits outweigh the harms caused to the animals       [removed] Animals should never be used for medical research or commercial agriculture       [removed] Animals should only be used for medical research shown to be beneficial to humanity, never for agriculture       [removed] Animals should be used in both medical research and agriculture but should be treated as humanely as possible Question 5. 5. According to the video, “Religion, War, and Violence,” for a war to be considered just, it must (Points : 1)       [removed] be aimed at repelling aggression       [removed] have a strong probability of success       [removed] must be only used as a last resort       [removed] all of the above Question 6. 6. In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals we find that to act on ‘duty’ is (Points : 1)       [removed] to act from a self-seeking purpose       [removed] to act because you want to       [removed] to act out of respect for law       [removed] to act out of the fear of God Question 7. 7. The Ring of Gyges gave the shepherd who found it (Points : 1)       [removed] Intelligence       [removed] Invincibility       [removed] Invisibility       [removed] Wisdom Question 8. 8. What is Tom Regan’s main criticism of the contractarian approach to ethical duties? (Points : 1)       [removed] It works fine for humans without problems, but it has not yet been applied to animals       [removed] It ignores the importance of pain and suffering when it comes to ethics       [removed] It would allow all kinds of human injustice if a s.

1. Question 1.
1.
According to Caroline Heldman, which of the following is a
question that applies to her sexual object test? (Points : 1)
[removed] Does the image show people having sex?
[removed] Does the image show a person as something that
can be bought or sold?
[removed] Does the image display a full image of a
woman?
[removed] Does the image display violence against people
in the image?
Question 2.
2.
What would best express Colonel Nicholson’s (Alec Guinness)
view regarding what makes a soldier, as expressed in the
The Bridge on the River Kwai
clip? (Points : 1)
[removed] The virtues of a good soldier are consistent no
matter the circumstance.
[removed] A good solider only acts virtuously when it
benefits himself and his country.
[removed] The good soldier regards the enemy as having
less intrinsic worth than one’s own people.
[removed] All of the above.
Question 3.
3.
In 2003, how many people died in Canada, according to the
video “Dying for Care: Quality Palliative and End of Life Care

2. in Canada”? (Points : 1)
[removed] 350,000
[removed] 2.2 million
[removed] 750,000
[removed] 226,000
Question 4.
4.
What is Tom Regan’s position about the use of animals in
research and agriculture? (Points : 1)
[removed] Animals should be used whenever it can be
proven that the human benefits outweigh the harms caused to
the animals
[removed] Animals should never be used for medical
research or commercial agriculture
[removed] Animals should only be used for medical
research shown to be beneficial to humanity, never for
agriculture
[removed] Animals should be used in both medical research
and agriculture but should be treated as humanely as possible
Question 5.
5.
According to the video, “Religion, War, and Violence,” for a
war to be considered just, it must (Points : 1)
[removed] be aimed at repelling aggression
[removed] have a strong probability of success
[removed] must be only used as a last resort
[removed] all of the above

3. Question 6.
6.
In the
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals
we find that to act on ‘duty’ is (Points : 1)
[removed] to act from a self-seeking purpose
[removed] to act because you want to
[removed] to act out of respect for law
[removed] to act out of the fear of God
Question 7.
7.
The Ring of Gyges gave the shepherd who found it (Points : 1)
[removed] Intelligence
[removed] Invincibility
[removed] Invisibility
[removed] Wisdom
Question 8.
8.
What is Tom Regan’s main criticism of the contractarian
approach to ethical duties? (Points : 1)
[removed] It works fine for humans without problems, but it
has not yet been applied to animals
[removed] It ignores the importance of pain and suffering
when it comes to ethics
[removed] It would allow all kinds of human injustice if a
stronger group is able to oppress the members of a weaker
group of people
[removed] He does not criticize it; he things that
contractarianism, if properly understood, represents the most
rational approach to ethical problems

4. Question 9.
9.
Tom Regan’s view of animals is that (Points : 1)
[removed] They are important but not quite as important as
human beings
[removed] They have rights, which means that they should
never be used for human purposes
[removed] They may be ethically used because they were
bred and raised for that purpose
[removed] That they may be eaten because do not have
souls like we do and are lower on the food chain
Question 10.
10.
Kant explains that respect for a person is: (Points : 1)
[removed] the recognition of the worth of the person’s
potential contribution to society.
[removed] dependent upon whether the person respects
others.
[removed] both A and B
[removed] none of the above.
Question 11.
11.
According to Kant, the moral worth of an action: (Points : 1)
[removed] lies in its conformity to the moral law.
[removed] lies in the value of the expected result.
[removed] lies in its conformity to God’s commands.
[removed] lies in its usefulness to society.

5. Question 12.
12.
According to Robinson, a person who has integrity is someone
who: (Points : 1)
[removed] Does what is right, only if it is approved of by
others
[removed] Does what is right, even when it is disapproved
of by others
[removed] Does what is right, only when commanded to do
so
[removed] Does what is right, unless they are commanded
to do otherwise
[removed] None of the above
Question 13.
13.
Kenneth Anderson argues that the fact that drones make the
resort to force easier (Points : 1)
[removed] means that enemies will always be too afraid to
attack us
[removed] does not mean that drones make the resort to
force too easy
[removed] means that we should instead favor cruise
missiles
[removed] all of the above
Question 14.
14.
Gilligan claims that females tend to see relationships as these

6. (Points : 1)
[removed] hierarchies
[removed] webs
[removed] rules
[removed] duties
Question 15.
15.
The conventional doctrine is endorsed by: (Points : 1)
[removed] Rachels.
[removed] the American Medical Association.
[removed] both a and b.
[removed] neither a nor b.
Question 16.
16.
In the video “
Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective
,” Jeremy Waldron argues that drones are not ethical because
their use involves (Points : 1)
[removed] total transparency and accountability
[removed] the assurance that only combatants will be
targeted
[removed] the maintenance of a secret death list by
government authorities
[removed] all of the above
Question 17.
17.
This product was pulled from Abercrombie and Fitch stores

7. based on protests through a blog (Points : 1)
[removed] lingerie
[removed] deep V-neck t-shirts
[removed] padded swimsuit tops for toddlers
[removed] yoga pants
Question 18.
18.
Glaukon seems to think that people are (Points : 1)
[removed] Naturally benevolent
[removed] Naturally pious
[removed] Naturally just
[removed] Naturally egocentric
Question 19.
19.
According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account
the happiness of: (Points : 1)
[removed] only the agent.
[removed] only the agent and those the agent cares about.
[removed] everyone, but weights the happiness of the agent
more heavily.
[removed] everyone, and weights everyone’s happiness
equally.
Question 20.
20.
Kant argues that when I find someone in need: (Points : 1)
[removed] I should give whatever spare resources I have
unless it makes me worse off than the person I’m trying to help.

8. [removed] I should consider a world in which no one
helped me when I was in need, recognize that I could never will
such a world, and help them in the best way that I can.
[removed] I should sympathize with them, but recognize
that the world is better off overall if we each only look after our
own interests.
[removed] I should remember that as autonomous beings
they are responsible for their own situation, and thus that I have
no responsibility to help them out.
Question 21.
21.
Which of the following would be an expression of rule
utilitarianism, rather than act utilitarianism? (Points : 1)
[removed] “It’s okay to torture this person because it may
save thousands of lives.”
[removed] “It’s immoral to torture this person because the
pain it would cause him outweighs any potential benefits.”
[removed] “Even if torturing this person right now might
be beneficial, the overall consequences of permitting torture
would be harmful, and so we shouldn’t allow it in any
circumstance.”
[removed] “We shouldn't torture this person because we
wouldn’t want him torturing us.”
Question 22.
22.
Robinson describes magnanimity as the mean between the
extremes of: (Points : 1)
[removed] Vanity and vice
[removed] Generosity and selfishness
[removed] Generosity and greed

9. [removed] Vanity and pusillanimity
[removed] None of the above
Question 23.
23.
What moral theory does Jeremy Bentham (with whom Singer
seems to agree) endorse? (Points : 1)
[removed] Moral relativism
[removed] Anarchism
[removed] Utilitarianism
[removed] Social Contract Theory
Question 24.
24.
In the article “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that
moral absolutism (Points : 1)
[removed] is consistent with the principles of utilitarianism
[removed] can be used to justify genocide
[removed] is primarily concerned with what a person is
doing
[removed] is primarily concerned with the outcome of a
person’s actions
Question 25.
25.
Midgley analyzes the position that each society is a separate
culture with its own values. This position is known as (Points :
1)
[removed] Moral relativism
[removed] Moral isolationism

10. [removed] Moral structuralism
[removed] Moral voluntarism
Question 26.
26.
Rachels claims that most actual cases of killing: (Points : 1)
[removed] are morally worse than most actual cases of
letting die.
[removed] are morally the same most actual cases of letting
die.
[removed] are morally less bad than most actual cases of
letting die.
[removed] are morally required.
Question 27.
27.
According to Leon Kass, the drive to legalize euthanasia can be
largely attributed to (Points : 1)
[removed] the rise in a largely technical approach to
healing.
[removed] an increase in our sympathy.
[removed] an increased respect for human dignity.
[removed] the secularization of modern society.
Question 28.
28.
Nagel argues that the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki were just like what other kind of action, just on a
larger scale? (Points : 1)
[removed] Killing the wife and child of someone attacking

11. you in order to distract him from his attack.
[removed] Bombing a munitions factory and killing some
of the civilian workers inside.
[removed] Firing at an enemy soldier and hitting an
innocent bystander with a stray bullet.
[removed] Bombing a convoy of enemy soldiers.
Question 29.
29.
Rachels claims that active euthanasia: (Points : 1)
[removed] sometimes leads to more suffering than passive
euthanasia.
[removed] sometimes leads to the same amount of suffering
as passive euthanasia.
[removed] sometimes leads to less suffering than passive
euthanasia.
[removed] all of the above.
Question 30.
30.
Robinson agrees with Aquinas’ idea that (Points : 1)
[removed] Honor is a subjective quality
[removed] Honor is secondary to integrity
[removed] Honor must be displayed in action
[removed] Honor is secondary to magnanimity
[removed] None of the above
Question 31.
31.
Rachels claims that once it has been decided that euthanasia is

12. desirable in a case: (Points : 1)
[removed] a moral error has already been made.
[removed] it has been decided that death is no greater an
evil than the patient’s continued existence.
[removed] it has been decided that the patient does not
have a right to life.
[removed] the amount of suffering of the patient becomes
irrelevant.
Question 32.
32.
Aristotle regards passions and feelings like anger as: (Points :
1)
[removed] a sign that one lacks rational control over one’s
state of mind.
[removed] always either an excess or a defect in one’s
character.
[removed] capable of excess, defect, or the intermediate
state characteristic of virtue.
[removed] Both (a) and (b).
Question 33.
33.
Michael Walzer argues that in the unique world of war, both
morality and authority are (Points : 1)
[removed] radically contested
[removed] established by rules of war
[removed] established by neutral states
[removed] none of the above

13. Question 34.
34.
James Rachels points out that when passive euthanasia is
employed on infants, they typically die of: (Points : 1)
[removed] poisoning.
[removed] SARS.
[removed] suffocation.
[removed] dehydration and infection.
Question 35.
35.
According to Colin Stokes, in this film all the heroic, wise, and
villainous characters are female. (Points : 1)
[removed] The Little Mermaid
[removed] Star Wars
[removed] The Wizard of Oz
[removed] Les Miserables
Question 36.
36.
This is the name for prostitutes in India who have been
dedicated to a female goddess (Points : 1)
[removed] Hindus
[removed] Hiermala
[removed] Devadasi
[removed] Sangli
Question 37.
37.
Kant claims that the moral law is given to each person by:

14. (Points : 1)
[removed] God’s commands.
[removed] one’s own rational will.
[removed] one’s natural desires.
[removed] social conditioning.
Question 38.
38.
What does Tom Regan say about the cruelty/kindness approach
to animal ethics? (Points : 1)
[removed] The best way to explain animal ethics is in terms
of our obligation to be kind and not cruel to animals
[removed] It is inadequate because it is possible to do
wrong while being kind, and it is possible to do wrong without
being deliberately cruel
[removed] It has no relevance to animal ethics because
animals are cruel to each other
[removed] You have to be cruel to be kind, in the right
measure
Question 39.
39.
Hill claims that a fruitful way to think about the badness of
destroying the environment is: (Points : 1)
[removed] To think about what kind of human would choose
to destroy the earth.
[removed] To appeal to theories about God and care for the
earth.
[removed] To examine people’s intuitions about whether it
is right to harm the environment.
[removed] To examine the rights that belong to the
environment and act on the basis of those rights.

15. Question 40.
40.
Midgley thinks that although we can understand or appreciate
other societies, (Points : 1)
[removed] We should never judge the values of other
societies.
[removed] We must always respect the values of other
societies.
[removed] We have the right to judge other societies.
[removed] We cannot understand them well enough to
judge them.
Question 41.
41.
Aristotle claims that the function of human life is: (Points : 1)
[removed] survival and reproduction.
[removed] service to the gods.
[removed] rational activity.
[removed] to pursue pleasure.
Question 42.
42.
Which of the following does Peter Singer assert about the
principle of equality? (Points : 1)
[removed] People should have equal rights because they are
factually equal.
[removed] People with higher abilities, it stands to reason,
should have greater rights.
[removed] Different groups of humans should have equal

16. rights if scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic
differences in their abilities.
[removed] It is a prescription that we should treat people
equally regardless of their differing abilities.
Question 43.
43.
What is
speciesism
? (Points : 1)
[removed] The view that all animals should be treated
equally regardless of their abilities
[removed] The view that endangered species have the right
to exist
[removed] Allowing the interests of one’s own species to
override the greater interests of members of other species
[removed] Protecting endangered species from extinction
regardless of economic costs
Question 44.
44.
According to the scene from
The Bridge on the River Kwai
, what is the ultimate reason Colonel Nicholson (Alec Guinness)
insists that the soldiers work hard to build the best bridge
possible: (Points : 1)
[removed] Because even in captivity, they know that God is
watching them.
[removed] So that the British forces will be able to fight
the Japanese more effectively.
[removed] Because the better the bridge, the more benefit
they will receive and less punishment they will endure from

17. their captors.
[removed] Because it is an expression of the strength and
dignity of a soldier even in captivity.
Question 45.
45.
A false promise, according to Kant, is: (Points : 1)
[removed] something that I could never will to be universal
law.
[removed] something that I could will to be universal law
only when it benefits the majority.
[removed] something that I could will to be universal law
only when it benefits me.
[removed] something that I could will to be universal law
only when it prevents a greater wrong.
Question 46.
46.
Tom Regan discusses the concept of
indirect duties
. Having only indirect duties towards animals means (Points : 1)
[removed] That we have a duty not to harm animals but only
because of the harm it might do to humans
[removed] That we have no duties regarding animals
whatsoever
[removed] That our duties towards animals are equal to our
duties towards humans
[removed] That we actually have greater duties to animals
than to humans

18. Question 47.
47.
Glaukon thinks that deep in our hearts we all believe that
(Points : 1)
[removed] Injustice is more profitable than justice.
[removed] We will have a clearer conscience if we always
stick to the laws of justice.
[removed] To be unjust is to be a fool.
[removed] Both B and C.
Question 48.
48.
How have historians tended to treat typically male tendencies
versus typically female tendencies? (Points : 1)
[removed] Historians value female tendencies more highly
because it is childbearing and childrearing that enable the group
to survive
[removed] Female traditions have been emphasized because
they reflect keep aesthetic refinement and sophistication
[removed] Male tendencies, like mathematics, warfare, and
even singing have been prized more highly
[removed] No correlation has been found at all between
criminal violence and childhood abuse
Question 49.
49.
What, according to Noddings, do male philosophers tend to say
about death (as opposed to women)? (Points : 1)
[removed] Men are more brave in the face of death than
women because of their natural courageousness

19. [removed] Death tends to be harder on men due to their
attachments to the glory of this world
[removed] Women are more able to allow their faith in the
afterlife overcome their aversion to death
[removed] Male philosophers often talk as though the
world or reason and abstraction is superior to the physical world
of the body
Question 50.
50.
Rachels concludes that: (Points : 1)
[removed] active euthanasia is always worse than passive
euthanasia.
[removed] passive euthanasia is always worse than active
euthanasia.
[removed] active euthanasia is always morally permissible.
[removed] none of the above.