Secondary growth occurs in dicots and gymnosperms as a result of cell division in the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is composed of procambial cells that differentiate into two types of cambium: fasicular cambium, which arises within vascular bundles, and interfasicular cambium, which arises between bundles from parenchyma cells. These two cambiums join to form a continuous cambium ring within the stem that produces secondary xylem and phloem through the activity of fusiform and ray initials.