This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new boat microstrip patch antenna design with a triangular patch and trapezoidal ground plane to achieve ultra-wide bandwidth. Simulations using HFSS software showed the antenna design provides an impedance bandwidth of 75% from 5.8-12.9 GHz and up to 1000% bandwidth from 2-35 GHz when incorporating a dumb-bell shaped electromagnetic band gap structure along the feed line. Measurements agreed well with simulated results, demonstrating low-profile, small size, and simple design with wide bandwidth suitable for wireless applications.

1. ISSN: 2410-8790 Tiwari et al / Current Science Perspectives 2(1) (2016) 10-13 iscientic.org.
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Article type:
Short Communication
Article history:
Received September 2015
Accepted October 2015
January 2016 Issue
Keywords:
Microstrip antenna
IE3D
Electromagnetic band gap
The aim of the project is to design and fabricate a dual frequency and dual polarized
microstrip patch antenna through simulations and measurements. On a thin substrate
this antenna achieves in the range of 5.8–12.9 GHz an impedance bandwidth of almost
75%.A new antenna structure using triangular microstrip patch antenna alongside a
small trapezoidal shape ground plane with proximity fed by a microstrip line is
proposed in this paper. This printed antenna structure resembles a boat hence it is
called boat microstrip patch antenna. The boat MPA is used for ultra-wide bandwidth
intelligent antenna systems application. This antenna was numerically designed using
HFSS simulation software package. The final proposed antenna design provides an
impedance bandwidth (S11 < ¡10 dB) in therange from 2 GHz to up 35 GHz with a lot
of bandwidth discontinuity. Etching 2D electromagnetic and-gap structure (2D-EBG),
as dumb-bell shape in line feed increased the bandwidth to three times than the
original bandwidth and reduced antenna size as well as enhancing the antennagain.
© 2016 International Scientific Organization: All rights reserved.
Capsule Summary: Compared with other microstrip patch antennas of high bandwidths this proposed structure has the attractive
features of low profile, smaller patch size and being simple to design. Optimization of the structure gives 75% impedance bandwidth
with reasonable bidirectional patterns suitable for many applications. There is very good agreement between simulated and measured
results for proposed antennas.
Cite This Article As: Alok Tiwari, Brijesh Pandey, Abitha V. K, Raghvendra Mishra, Amit Vasudeo Rane and Jaya Suryawanshi.
2016. Simulation of ultra-wideband co-planar boat microstrip patch antenna with IE3D software for wireless communication. Current
Science Perspectives 1(2) 10-13
INTRODUCTION
Use of conventional microstrip antennas is limited because of
their poor gain, low bandwidth and polarization purity. There has
been a lot of research in the past decade in this area. These
techniques include use of cross slots and sorting pins, increasing
the thickness of the patch, use of circular and triangular patches
with proper slits and antenna arrays. Various feeding techniques
are also extensively studied to overcome these limitations. Our
work was primarily focused on dual band and dual frequency
operation of microstrip patch antennas. Dual frequency operation
of the antenna has become a necessity for many applications in
recent wireless communication systems. Antennas having dual
polarization can be used to obtain polarization diversity (Danideh
et al., 2012). The low profile, light weight and low cost of
manufacturing of microstrip patch antennas have made them
attractive for many applications. The modern trends in
Current Science Perspectives 2(1) (2016) 10-13
Simulation of ultra-wideband co-planar boat microstrip patch antenna with IE3D
software for wireless communication
Alok Tiwari*1
, Brijesh Pandey2
, Abitha V K3
, Raghvendra Mishra4
, Amit Vasudeo Rane5
and Jaya Suryawanshi6
1
School of Nanotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal (MP)-462036, India
2
School of Energy and Environment Management, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal (MP)-462036, India
3
Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
4
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, ISRO P.O, Thiruvananthapuram 695 022, Kerala, India
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
6
Plastics and Polymer Engineering Department, G.S.Mandal’s Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: aloktiwariiiser@gmail.com
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

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communication systems require wide bandwidth and small size,
low profile antennas (Nashaat et al., 2010). Microstrip patch
antennas on a thin dielectric substrate inherently have the
disadvantage of narrow impedance bandwidth. To increase the
bandwidth of a single layer microstrip patch antenna several
configurations have been proposed by researchers such as
placing parasitic patches on the same layer with the main patch
(Kumar and Gupta, 1985), chip resistor loading (Wong et al.,
1997), E-shaped patch (Yang et al., 2001), placing a U-slot on
the patch (Weigand et al., 2001), planer microstrip fed tap
monopole antenna (Eldek, 2006), rectangular slot antenna with
patch stub (Eldek et al., 2005), Vivaldi antenna (Mehdipour et
al., 2007) and square ring. Microstrip patch antennas have been
studied extensively over the past many years because of its low
profile structure, light weight, and low cost in fabrication planar
and non planar surfaces, compatibility with MMIC designs, and
mechanically robust flexibility when mounted on rigid surfaces
(Yang et al., 2001).They are extremely compatible for embedded
antennas in handheld wireless devices such as cellular phones,
pagers, etc. These low profile antennas are also useful in aircraft,
satellite and missile applications, where size, weight, cost,
performance, ease of installation, and aerodynamic profile are
strict constraints. Some of the principal advantages of this type of
antennas are low profile nature, conformability to. However, a
major drawback of these antennas is the narrow bandwidth.
There have been various efforts from researchers toward
increasing its bandwidth. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is an emerging
radio technology that has received much attention recently. Ultra
wideband (UWB) communication systems can be broadly
classified as any communication system whose instantaneous
bandwidth is many times greater than the minimum required to
deliver particular in-formation. To include all the existing
wireless communication systems such as AMPC800, GSM900,
GSM1800, PCS1900, WCDMA/UMTS (3G), 2.45/5.2/5.8-GHz-
ISM, UNII, DECT, WLAN, European Hiper LAN I, II (Yang et
al., 2001), microstrip patch antennas on a thin dielectric substrate
inherently have the disadvantage of narrow impedance
bandwidth. To increase the bandwidth of a single layer
microstrip patch antenna several configurations have been
proposed such as design parasitic patcheson the same layer with
the main patch (Kumar and Gupta, 1985), E shaped patch (Weig
et al., 2003) placing a U-slot on the patch (Cheng et al., 2008),
planer microstrip fed tap monopole antenna (Cakir and Sevgi,
2008), etc. So we use co-planar feed to increase bandwidth of
antenna. Unlike the usual method of placing the radiating patch
of microstrip antenna on top of a ground plane, the patch is
placed alongside a small rectangular ground co-planar to it. They
can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits
(MIC) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC).
One simple but powerful technique is to replace the coaxial
feeding or line feeding to coplanar feed. Another way to increase
the impedance bandwidth of the microstrip patch antennas can be
achieved by modifying the ground plane. Novel shape of
modified ground plane as trapezoidal shape and using proximity
feed are used to increase bandwidth and the geometry of the
proposed antenna is shown in Figure 1. Recently,
electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures have attracted much
attention among researchers in the microwave and antennas
communities’ due to their excellent pass and rejection frequency
band characteristics (Nashaat et al., 2010). The contribution of
this paper is to further develop the idea in (Eldek et al., 2005) by
using electromagnetic structure as etching 2D-EBG as dumb-bell
shape on the feed line to improve the bandwidth of the antenna
and compare it with the bandwidth of the prototype antenna for
same feed position, increase pass band, reduce antenna size and
remove the harmonic wave. The optimized antenna structure
operates in the frequency range from 2 to 35 GHz which means it
has an impedance bandwidth of almost %1000 from fundamental
resonant frequency (Danideh et al., 2012).
Antenna Geometry
The geometry of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 1, first
part in this paper is investigating the novel shape of boat
microstrip patch antenna. The geometry of the proposed antenna
is shown in Figure 1, where an equal sides triangular patch with
L = 50 mm is placed co-planar to a finite ground plane that has a
Fig. 1: The prototype of the proposed Antenna

3. ISSN: 2410-8790 Tiwari et al / Current Science Perspectives 2(1) (2016) 10-13 iscientic.org.
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trapezoidal shape with size of Ws = 30mm and Wg = 60mm and
length Lg = 20 mm. The dielectric substrate used is FR4 with
dielectric constant "r = 4:7 and dimension 100£100mm2 with
thickness h = 3:2 mm. The patch is proximity fed by a 50-
microstrip line with line length and width Lf = 60mm and Wf =
2:8 mm, respectively. The top and side views of the proposed
antenna are shown in Figure 1.To obtain a good impedance
match the end of the feed line has to extend beyond the Centre of
the patch. Initially, several different simple shapes for the patch
antenna was used but in order to minimize the size of the patch
and at the same time maximize the bandwidth it was found that a
triangular patch and an optimized geometry of the whole
structure (the ground plane dimension, separation between the
patch and the ground and feed line position) gives the best
possible impedance bandwidth. Second part of this paper is
etching 2D electromagnetic band gap structure as dumb-bell
shape in the line feed to improve the impedance matching, the
head square has dimension a = 4mm, slot length Ld = 1:7 mm,
width 0.7mm and periodicity P = 4mm.
Simulation and Measured Results
The antenna performance was investigated both by simulation
via a commercially available finite element program, HFSS, and
through measurement. In order to provide design criteria for the
proposed antenna, the effects of each geometrical parameter are
analyzed. Fig. 2 shows the simulated return loss of the antenna
with various patch radiuses, r. It can be seen that with increase in
patch size, the frequency of operation decreases. This antenna
was numerically designed using HFSS simulation software
package. The final proposed antenna design provides an
impedance bandwidth (S11 < ¡10 dB) in the range from 2 GHz to
up 35 GHz with a lot of bandwidth discontinuity. These low
profile antennas are also useful in aircraft, satellite and
missileapplications, where size, weight, cost, performance, ease
of installation, and aerodynamic profile are strict constraints.
CONCLUSION
Fig. 2: Return loss of the antenna with changes in frequency (GHz)

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In this a microstrip line is proposed in this paper. This printed
antenna structure resembles a boat hence it is called boat micro
strip patch antenna Simulated as well as measured results are
presented for a semicircular shape patch antenna. Compared with
other microstrip patch antennas of high bandwidths this proposed
structure has the attractive features of low profile, smaller patch
size and being simple to design. Optimization of the structure
gives 75% impedance bandwidth with reasonable bidirectional
patterns suitable for many applications. There is very good
agreement between simulated and measured results for proposed
antennas. Further more acceptable E-plane and H-plane radiation
pattern at different frequencies with average antenna gain 15 dBi
are achieved. Rise in information capability, reduction in volume
are very attractive to UWB applications. In this paper a co-planar
triangular microstrip patch antenna as boat shape has been
proposed. Ultra-wide bandwidth was obtained using trapezoidal
ground plane on the same side of the radiating antenna. EBG
concept is used to enhance the antenna bandwidth and gain. 2D-
EBG is used to improve impedance matching and to broaden.
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