The 1857 revolt began as a mutiny of sepoys in Meerut in response to the new cartridges but quickly escalated. Dissatisfaction had been growing among Indians due to British policies like annexation, doctrine of lapse, and economic exploitation. In Delhi, Bahadur Shah II was declared the leader but the city fell to the British in September 1857. The revolt spread to Awadh, Kanpur, Jhansi, and other regions, led by figures like Nana Sahib, the Rani of Jhansi, and Khan Bahadur Khan, but it was suppressed by July 1858. The revolt weakened Mughal power and led the British to transfer control of India to the Crown