If the number of spine switches were to be merely doubled, the effect of a single switch failure is halved. With 8 spine switches, the effect of a single switch failure only causes a 12% reduction in available bandwidth. So, in modern data centers, people build networks with anywhere from 4 to 32 spine switches. With a leaf-spine network, every server on the network is exactly the same distance away from all other servers – three port hops, to be precise. The benefit of this architecture is that you can just add more spines and leaves as you expand the cluster and you don't have to do any recabling. Intuition Systems will also get more predictable latency between the nodes. As a trend, disaggregation seems to be most useful for very large companies like Facebook and Google, or cloud providers. The technology does not necessarily have significant implications for small or medium sized businesses. Historically, however, technology has a way of trickling down from the pioneering phases of existing only within large companies with tremendous resources, to becoming more standardized across the board.

1. XoS “is like a Router”
“a very fast Router”

2. BusinessValue
StrategicAsset
Ethernet OS
 Single software train
 Fabric
 Multicasting
Network Operating
System
Design once, leverage everywhere.
Why?Why?How?

3. Xos Licenses & Feature Packs
OSPFv2
OSPFv3
BGP-4, BGP-4+,
MBGP
MSDP, Anycast RP
IS-IS IPv4/IPv6
OSPF-Edge
PIM-SM / PIM-SSM
PIM-DM
ESRP
VRRP/VRRPv3
6to4, v6 tunnels
EAPS – Full
Core
Edge
Advanced
Edge
SNMP v1/v2/v3
SSH-2/SCP
HTTP / SSL / XML
RADIUS / TACACS+
MIBs, RMON
LLDP (LLDP MED)
SFlow
SNTPv4
CFM (802.1ag), Y.1731
Network Login
(multiple supplicants)
MAC + IP Security
IGMP v1,v2,v3
IGMP snooping + filters
(IGMP querier)
Multicast Vlan
Registration (MVR)
PIM snooping
EAPS-Edge
VLANs, vMANs (QinQ),
Private VLANs, VLAN Translation
DHCP option 82
STP, 802.1D, 802.1w, 802.1s, PVST+
Software Redundant Port
802.3ad trunking, LACP, M-LAG
ACLs, QoS, rate limiting
CPU DoS protection
Port Mirroring («1 to many» support)
XOS scripting
L2 Ping/Traceroute (802.1ag)
L2 Edge
RIP v1/v2, RIPng
Static routes IPv4/IPv6
Policy-based routing
MLAG
6to4, 6in4 tunnels
Stacking
Universal Port
PFC, ETS, DCBx
VLAN aggregation
BootP Relay, UDP Relay
User-created Virtual Routers
CLEAR-Flow
X430
X460
X440
X770
X670
Direct Attach
MPLS
OpenFlow
AVB
3rd Party Optics
Sync Ethernet
10GbE
Upgrade
License for
X440 2 or 4
Ports

4. Router
Functions
• Route updates
• Static or Dynamic
Routing
Information
Base (RIB)
• Route exchanges with neighbor nodes
• Distance Vector or Link State
Route
selection
• Destination address lookup
• Filtering
Forwarding
Information
Base(FIB)
• Incoming packets
• Outgoing packets
Packet
Forwarding
Static Routing
Dynamic Routing
RIP v1
RIP v2
OSPF2
BGP4
Hello packets discovers
neighbors and build
adjacencies between
them
Dijkstra algorithm runs
a Link State Database
(LSDB) is constructed

5. SPF Calculation
Link State Database
Dijkstra’s (SPF)
Algorithm
Adjacent Database
(Neighbors of X:A,B,C,D)
Shortest Paths
Forwarding Database
(Routing Table)
X
B
A C
D E
F G H
B
A C
D E
G H
 LSA – Link State Advertise
 LSU – Link State Update
 LSR – Link State Request
 LSAck – Link State Acknowledgement

6. Flow Redirect (Policy Based Routing)
Forwarding Table
1 2 3 12
Flow Redirect Rules
 Routing/Forwarding decisions based on
custom policies (ACLs)
 Ability to specify nexthop priority
 Ability to specify multiple next hops with
health-check options
 Segregate traffic flows based on
business demands and operational
costs
 Increase network availability with
PBR Redundancy
 Leverage policy framework
knowledge and reduce service
delivery time
Benefits with ExtremeXOS®
Network A Network B
Nexthop
Priorities
 Standards based solution for first hop
router redundancy – for both IPv4 and
IPv6
 Enhanced to support multiple logical
subnets within a single VRID
 Default V2 and V3 inter-operability
mode: Works right out of the box for
mixed deployments
 Leverage functionality across all
ExtremeXOS® based switch portfolio
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
v3
Summit Summit Summit

7. Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast
Unicast
One sender – one
receiver
Broadcast
Sends data to all
possible receivers
Multicast
Sends data to
interested receivers
VLAN Red VLAN Blue
Multicast VLAN
Multicast Server
Multicast Client
Join and Leave
 Multicast Routing
 PIM-SM / SSM
 IGMPv1 / v2 / v3 Snooping
IGMP
IGMP
Multicast Clients
Join and Leave
Routing
Summit
Summit Summit
Applications of IP Multicast:
Pay TV
File Transfer
Financial Information
Vendor Code Serial Number
24 bits 24 bits
00000001
8 bit equal “1”
10111011 11111111
All bits equal “1”
0xFFFFFFFFFFFF

8. (up to 64 Virtual Routers)
DMZ
VOIP
Guest
WiFi
VoIP
DMZ
WiFi
Guest
Guest
WiFi
VoIP
Guest
WiFi
VoIP
WiFi
VoIP
IP or MAC
IP or MAC
IP or MAC
IP or MAC

9. Inter-VR Routing
Legal Finance
VRF1
VRF2
Solution Proposition:
 Allows for routing of IPv4 unicast packets between Virtual Router via static routes
 The next hop gateway of a static route may reside in a VLAN belonging to a
different VR from the VR of the static route.
Value Proposition
 Provides for efficient routing between VRs which exist on the same switch.
 Simplifies traffic flow between different user groups that exist on different Virtual
Router instances.
Inserts Static routes between two
VRFs to allow for direct IPV4
connectivity
Summit

10. Why LSNAT built into your Switch?
Allocation of
resources to
LSNAT instead
of Real IP
Real IP
Virtual IP
Real IP
Real IP
Real Client
resources
resources
resources
Vritual resources
Avoid IP
Exhaustion
NAT reuses the port mapping for
subsequent packets sent from
the same internal IP address to
any external IP address and port

11. RADIUS Load Balancing
Enhancements
LAN
RADIUS Server 1RADIUS Server XTraditional RADIUS authentication
model
– Focused on using RADIUS
servers for redundancy purposes
RADIUS server load balancing model
– Uses multiple RADIUS
servers to scale and spread
across servers

12. L4 Networking
(Advanced ACLs for Control)
Layer 1: Physical
Layer 2: Data Link
Layer 3: Network
Layer 4: Transport
Device Identity,
User Identity,
Virtual Machine
Identity, Application
Identity, etc…
Layer 7:
Application
Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical Fiber
Telnet DNS
UDPTCP
IP
Ethernet Wi-Fi
Co-ax
HTTP
Radio

13. XoS supports Wide keyed ACLs
0
ACL enables full classification, including
• Ethernet source MAC address, destination MAC
address
• Ethernet packet type
• IP protocol (GRE, ICMP, PIM, OSPF, etc.)
• IP Source address, Destination address
• Type of Service (ToS) or DiffServ Codepoint
• IP options, fragment
• TCP / UDP source port, destination port
(including ranges)
• TCP flags
• IGMP message type
• ICMP type, ICMP code
New fields supported without disruptive
upgrades
• Full access to first 120 bytes of packet header
• Flexible inspection, modification, tagging,
monitoring
Ethernet Dest (first 4 bytes)
Eth Dest Eth Src
Eth Src (last 4 bytes)
Type Code
IP ver LengthIh
Identification Fragment OffF
TTL Proto Checksum
IP Src Address
TCP Src Port TCP Dest Port
Sequence Number
Acknowledgement Number
IP Dest Address
Off Ec WindowRs Flag
Checksum Urgent
IP Options (Variable Length)
TCP Options (Variable Length)
Data (Variable Length)
ToS
Feature Description
Allows to qualify on Wider ACL
keys
Feature Value
ACL match on 362 bit double
wide key as opposed to
standard 181 bit single wide
key including IPv6 src and dst
Python Scripting - Leverage the vast
mindshare of python to ease native
switch automation
Scripting support for Python 2.7.3
download and run Python
scripts
Enhance the load script
<script> command to run
user(customer) provided Python
scripts

14. Next Gen IPv6 built-in…
Addressing & Security
•Stateless Address Auto
Configuration (RFC
2462)
•Global Unicast Address
Format (RFC 3587)
•Multinetting
•EUI64
•IPv6 Addressing
Architecture
Compliance (RFC 3513)
•Management Access
Control
•Anomaly Protection
•Block Teredo
Infrastructure and
Management
•Path MTU Discovery
(RFC 1981)
•IPv6 Manageability
Support (RFC 2465)
•ICMPv6 (RFC 2463)
•ICMPv6 Manageability
Support (RFC 2466)
•SNTP
•Ping and Traceroute
•Telnet/SSH/DNS
•Access Control Lists
(Ingress)
•Neighbor Discovery for
IPv6 (RFC 4861)
Routing / Forwarding
•Router Discovery
•ISIS for IPv6
•Static Routing
•Route Sharing
•RIPng (RFC 2080)
•IPv6 Route
Compression
•Routing in User VRs
•Static ECMP
•BGP IPv6
•MLDv1
Network Availability
and Transition
Methodologies
•ESRP
•6in4 (aka 6over4, RFC
2893)
•6to4 (RFC 3056)
Flow Redirect (PBR)
Virtual Router
Redundancy Protocol
(VRRP) v3
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) v3
IPv6 Flow Redirect
Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
Network Time Protocol (NTP)

15. MPLS as a Router
Corp - CE
Rem 1 - CE
Rem 2 - CE
Rem 3 - CE
DLCI 16
DLCI 16
DLCI 16
DLCI 16
 MPLS Layer 3 VPN can make the carrier look
like your core router
 Large carrier router/switch device
encompasses many virtual routers for each
customer
 A VRF is created for each customer and
the VRF’s interact amongst themselves,
turning this …
VRF
VRF
VRF
Summit
Summit
Summit
Summit
Summit

16. BGP – Autonomous System (AS),
The Internet is nothing more than a set of
interconnected AS’s, each one under a
distinct technical administration.
 iBGP - Used when BGP devices talk amongst
themselves within the same Autonomous
System (AS).
 eBGP- Used when BGP devices talk amongst
themselves between different Autonomous
Systems (AS).
Homing
ISP
Summit
ISP #1 ISP #2
Summit
B
A
c
Summit
Summit
Summit
iBGP
B
A
Summit
Summit
eBGP
Common header
OPEN message
NOTIFICATION message
UPDATE message

17. Page 17
It’s not just about collision
(network
platform )
Extreme
Innovation
Education
Customer
Need
How we
changed
the rules
L3 Switching
Virtual chassis
ACLs
Performance
under Duress
Eliminated
Routers
Wire speed
w/features on
LLDP/POE
Hard QoS
CNA
Transparency
Voice, Video &
Data
“ATM-like QoS”
Dynamic QoS
path wCNA
VSRs
Clientless NAC
XML Interface
Insight &Control/
Security
CLEAR-Flow
Remove bump
In-the-line
XOS
Hitless
V Routers
Voice Grade
Network
Availability
Modular
Extensible
Advanced
Routing
UPM (Dynamic)
EAPs
QnQ, MacnMac
Simplify
Leverage
repeatability
“SONET-like”
Services