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• Give a general overview on different geophysical field
methods.
• Explain the basic principles of data acquisition, processing
and interpretation of each geophysical method.
• Outline capabilities and limitation of various geophysical
techniques.
• Set the foundations for advanced studies in each geophysical
techniques.
What is geophysics?
Apply the principles of
physics to study the Earth.
This could be the
discovery of the century.
. Depending, of course on
. how deep down it goes..
Who is a geophysicist?
I was setting in my office minding my own business doing
whatever I do everyday for living when I overheard our
secretary showing a new employee around the building. She
said: “Here are the offices of our geophysicists… They are
some kind of geologists… Well, not exactly…. I mean a
different kind of geologists…
ANYWAY, THE REAL GEOLOGISTS ARE UPSTAIRS.
Classification of geophysics
Based on usage
 Theoretical Geophysics
 Applied Geophysics
Classification of geophysics
Based on Scale
 Global Geophysics Deeper than 10,000 m.
 Exploration Geophysics 100 : 10,000 m.
 Env. & Eng. Geophysics Less than 100 m.
 Archaeological Geophysics Less than 30 m.
Classification of geophysics
Based on field
 Potential Field Methods (Gravity, Magnetic)
 Wave Field Methods (Seismic, Ground Penetrating
Radar)
 Electromagnetic Field Methods (Electromagnetic,
Electric)
Classification of geophysics
Based on another field
 Land Geophysics
 Airborne Geophysics
 Marine Geophysics
 Well Logging
Operative physical properties
 Seismic: density and elastic moduli
 Gravity: density
 Magnetic: magnetic susceptibility and remanence
 Electrical resistivity: electrical conductivity
 Electrical induced polarization: electrical capacitance
 Self potential: electrical conductivity
 Electromagnetic: electrical conductivity and inductance
 Radar (GPR): dielectric constant
Basic definitions
 Geophysical Field Survey
 Geophysical Profile
 Field Station
 Measurement or Reading
 Anomaly or Anoumaly?
Signal & Noise
 What is signal?
 What is noise?
 Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
 Coherency vs. randomness
 How to enhance S/N Ratio?
 Planning
 Data Acquisition
 Data Processing
 Data Interpretation
 Reporting
Stages of geophysical survey
Sources of noise
Anomaly
Sulphide
Gravity
Magnetic
Turam
VLF
Pyrhotite
0
+
-
G.S.
Data presentation
Cross section
Data presentation
Map
Data presentation
3D
Data presentation
4D
Final picture
Positioning
• Compass
• Measuring tapes
• Arial photographs
• GPS
• Satellite images

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1605174417-geol-305-1-introduction.ppt

  • 1.
  • 2. • Give a general overview on different geophysical field methods. • Explain the basic principles of data acquisition, processing and interpretation of each geophysical method. • Outline capabilities and limitation of various geophysical techniques. • Set the foundations for advanced studies in each geophysical techniques.
  • 3.
  • 4. What is geophysics? Apply the principles of physics to study the Earth. This could be the discovery of the century. . Depending, of course on . how deep down it goes..
  • 5. Who is a geophysicist? I was setting in my office minding my own business doing whatever I do everyday for living when I overheard our secretary showing a new employee around the building. She said: “Here are the offices of our geophysicists… They are some kind of geologists… Well, not exactly…. I mean a different kind of geologists… ANYWAY, THE REAL GEOLOGISTS ARE UPSTAIRS.
  • 6. Classification of geophysics Based on usage  Theoretical Geophysics  Applied Geophysics
  • 7. Classification of geophysics Based on Scale  Global Geophysics Deeper than 10,000 m.  Exploration Geophysics 100 : 10,000 m.  Env. & Eng. Geophysics Less than 100 m.  Archaeological Geophysics Less than 30 m.
  • 8. Classification of geophysics Based on field  Potential Field Methods (Gravity, Magnetic)  Wave Field Methods (Seismic, Ground Penetrating Radar)  Electromagnetic Field Methods (Electromagnetic, Electric)
  • 9. Classification of geophysics Based on another field  Land Geophysics  Airborne Geophysics  Marine Geophysics  Well Logging
  • 10. Operative physical properties  Seismic: density and elastic moduli  Gravity: density  Magnetic: magnetic susceptibility and remanence  Electrical resistivity: electrical conductivity  Electrical induced polarization: electrical capacitance  Self potential: electrical conductivity  Electromagnetic: electrical conductivity and inductance  Radar (GPR): dielectric constant
  • 11. Basic definitions  Geophysical Field Survey  Geophysical Profile  Field Station  Measurement or Reading  Anomaly or Anoumaly?
  • 12. Signal & Noise  What is signal?  What is noise?  Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)  Coherency vs. randomness  How to enhance S/N Ratio?
  • 13.  Planning  Data Acquisition  Data Processing  Data Interpretation  Reporting Stages of geophysical survey
  • 21. Positioning • Compass • Measuring tapes • Arial photographs • GPS • Satellite images