This document discusses various congenital anomalies of the kidney. It begins by describing bilateral renal agenesis, which is incompatible with life due to the lack of kidneys necessary for waste excretion and amniotic fluid production. Unilateral renal agenesis is also covered, which allows for survival due to having one functioning kidney. Other topics include supernumerary kidneys, anomalies of renal ascent, form and fusion, rotation, and collecting system. Causes, diagnoses, associated anomalies, and clinical implications are described for each congenital kidney anomaly.
This document discusses urinary extravasation, which is when urine leaks out of the urinary tract into other body cavities. It defines two types - superficial and deep extravasation. Superficial extravasation occurs above the perineal membrane and is usually caused by injuries to the penile urethra during instrumentation. Deep extravasation occurs below the perineal membrane due to injuries of the membranous urethra or extraperitoneal bladder from pelvic trauma. Management involves pain relief, antibiotics, suprapubic catheterization, and sometimes surgical exploration and drainage of collections.
This document discusses congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary system (CAKUT). It begins by describing the normal anatomy of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It then discusses various abnormalities that can occur during development, including dysgenesis of the kidneys resulting in renal agenesis, hypoplasia, or dysplasia. Other abnormalities mentioned include anomalies in kidney shape and position, abnormalities of the collecting system, and abnormalities of the bladder and urethra. Specific conditions like renal agenesis, Potter's syndrome, and multicystic dysplastic kidney are then explained in more detail.
Evaluation of the Urologic Patient.pptxMoosenMooseni
The document provides guidelines for evaluating urologic patients through history, physical examination, and urinalysis. It details what should be included in the patient history, such as chief complaints, symptoms, medical history and medications. The physical exam section outlines examination of the kidneys, bladder, genitals and rectal exam. It also provides guidelines for collecting urine samples from patients of different ages and sexes. The goal is to gather all relevant information to accurately diagnose any urologic issues.
This document discusses congenital lung malformations, including bronchogenic cysts and congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM). It defines these conditions, describes their embryological development, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Bronchogenic cysts are abnormal budding of the tracheal diverticulum that can cause compression symptoms. CPAM is characterized by abnormal bronchiole branching and cyst formation. It discusses Stocker's classification of CPAM types based on cyst size and associated risks. Prenatal ultrasound and CT are used to diagnose these conditions. Surgical resection is the primary treatment.
The document discusses various obstetric surgeries and maternal trauma, including ruptures of the perineum of varying degrees, suturing techniques for repairing perineal tears, ruptures of the cervix and uterus, inversion of the uterus during placenta increta, use of forceps during delivery, cesarean section, and fetal-destroying operations such as perforation, decapitation, and use of instruments like cranioclasts when delivery cannot be achieved without risking the life of the mother.
This document discusses various antenatal obstetric complications including abnormalities of the pelvic organ such as fibroids, retroverted uterus, and congenital uterine anomalies. It also covers complications such as antepartum hemorrhage, post-term pregnancy, urinary tract infections, venous thromboembolism, and amniotic fluid problems. For each complication, it discusses causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.
Various types of hernia are dealt by a general or laparoscopic surgeon
For details plz visit - https://drnitinjha.com/
https://drnitinjha.com/inguinal-hernia-surgery-noida/
This document discusses various congenital anomalies of the kidney. It begins by describing bilateral renal agenesis, which is incompatible with life due to the lack of kidneys necessary for waste excretion and amniotic fluid production. Unilateral renal agenesis is also covered, which allows for survival due to having one functioning kidney. Other topics include supernumerary kidneys, anomalies of renal ascent, form and fusion, rotation, and collecting system. Causes, diagnoses, associated anomalies, and clinical implications are described for each congenital kidney anomaly.
This document discusses urinary extravasation, which is when urine leaks out of the urinary tract into other body cavities. It defines two types - superficial and deep extravasation. Superficial extravasation occurs above the perineal membrane and is usually caused by injuries to the penile urethra during instrumentation. Deep extravasation occurs below the perineal membrane due to injuries of the membranous urethra or extraperitoneal bladder from pelvic trauma. Management involves pain relief, antibiotics, suprapubic catheterization, and sometimes surgical exploration and drainage of collections.
This document discusses congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary system (CAKUT). It begins by describing the normal anatomy of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It then discusses various abnormalities that can occur during development, including dysgenesis of the kidneys resulting in renal agenesis, hypoplasia, or dysplasia. Other abnormalities mentioned include anomalies in kidney shape and position, abnormalities of the collecting system, and abnormalities of the bladder and urethra. Specific conditions like renal agenesis, Potter's syndrome, and multicystic dysplastic kidney are then explained in more detail.
Evaluation of the Urologic Patient.pptxMoosenMooseni
The document provides guidelines for evaluating urologic patients through history, physical examination, and urinalysis. It details what should be included in the patient history, such as chief complaints, symptoms, medical history and medications. The physical exam section outlines examination of the kidneys, bladder, genitals and rectal exam. It also provides guidelines for collecting urine samples from patients of different ages and sexes. The goal is to gather all relevant information to accurately diagnose any urologic issues.
This document discusses congenital lung malformations, including bronchogenic cysts and congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM). It defines these conditions, describes their embryological development, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Bronchogenic cysts are abnormal budding of the tracheal diverticulum that can cause compression symptoms. CPAM is characterized by abnormal bronchiole branching and cyst formation. It discusses Stocker's classification of CPAM types based on cyst size and associated risks. Prenatal ultrasound and CT are used to diagnose these conditions. Surgical resection is the primary treatment.
The document discusses various obstetric surgeries and maternal trauma, including ruptures of the perineum of varying degrees, suturing techniques for repairing perineal tears, ruptures of the cervix and uterus, inversion of the uterus during placenta increta, use of forceps during delivery, cesarean section, and fetal-destroying operations such as perforation, decapitation, and use of instruments like cranioclasts when delivery cannot be achieved without risking the life of the mother.
This document discusses various antenatal obstetric complications including abnormalities of the pelvic organ such as fibroids, retroverted uterus, and congenital uterine anomalies. It also covers complications such as antepartum hemorrhage, post-term pregnancy, urinary tract infections, venous thromboembolism, and amniotic fluid problems. For each complication, it discusses causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.
Various types of hernia are dealt by a general or laparoscopic surgeon
For details plz visit - https://drnitinjha.com/
https://drnitinjha.com/inguinal-hernia-surgery-noida/
The document provides an overview of Mullerian anomalies, which occur due to maldevelopment of the Mullerian ducts during embryonic development. It discusses the embryology of the female reproductive system and classifies Mullerian anomalies according to the American Fertility Society system. Common anomalies include septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, and uterine didelphys. Clinical features vary depending on the specific anomaly and whether it causes obstruction. Imaging can help identify the anomaly and determine appropriate surgical management when needed.
Urological trauma during O/G proceduresGAURAV NAHAR
Urological injuries, especially to the urinary bladder and ureters, can occur as complications during obstetric and gynecological procedures due to the anatomical proximity of the genital tract. Bladder injuries are most common but ureteral injuries are often not immediately recognized and can lead to long-term complications if not repaired. Various surgical techniques exist for repairing different types and locations of ureteral and bladder injuries. Prevention relies on identifying risk factors, visualizing the ureters, and high clinical suspicion of injury. Early diagnosis and management involving urological consultation are important to avoid long-term complications.
This document discusses genitourinary trauma. It covers renal trauma in detail, including that renal injuries make up about 10% of emergency room visits for trauma. It presents the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification system for renal injuries in detail. It also discusses trauma to the bladder and ureters, management principles, and complications.
The document summarizes obstetric anatomy, including the fetal skull, pelvis, and diameters important for labor and delivery. It describes:
1) The fetal skull diameters and how they change with flexion/deflexion of the head during birth. Moulding can reduce diameters by up to 1cm. Complications like caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma are also outlined.
2) The female pelvis is described through its planes, diameters, and four types (gynecoid, android, anthropoid, platypelloid). Key diameters include the true conjugate (11cm), obstetric conjugate (10.5cm), and diagonal conjugate (12cm).
This document provides an overview of hydronephrosis, including definitions, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and management. Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis or calyces that can be associated with obstruction. The causes include congenital issues like PUJ obstruction or acquired issues like ureteral strictures. Untreated obstruction can lead to renal damage through stages of compensation and decompensation. Clinical features depend on the cause but may include loin or groin pain. Investigations include imaging like ultrasound, IVU, CT scan, and urodynamics. Management involves relieving obstruction through surgery or stenting as well as treating infections.
This document discusses congenital malformations of the kidneys, focusing on cystic diseases. It describes three broad groups of kidney malformations: abnormalities in renal tissue amount, anomalies of position/form/orientation, and anomalies of differentiation. It then classifies and describes cystic kidney diseases in detail. The major cystic diseases discussed are multicystic renal dysplasia, adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and infantile polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). ADPKD is inherited dominantly and manifests in adulthood, while ARPKD is inherited recessively and presents in infancy, often leading to death from renal failure.
1. Inguinal hernias account for 90% of external abdominal hernias and occur when abdominal contents protrude through the groin area due to weaknesses in the abdominal wall.
2. There are two main types of inguinal hernias - indirect and direct. Indirect hernias occur lateral to the inferior epigastric artery while direct hernias occur through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal in the inguinal triangle.
3. Surgical repair is usually recommended for inguinal hernias to reinforce the abdominal wall, though a truss can be used temporarily in some cases. Common surgical techniques include ligation of the hernia sac and reinforcement of
This document reviews surgical options for treating simple meconium ileus in newborns. Non-operative treatments include hydration, gastric decompression, antibiotics, and hyperosmolar enema washouts. Operative options are considered if non-operative treatments fail or complications occur. Surgical techniques include manual evacuation of the meconium mass, enterotomies with irrigation, and resections with anastomoses or stoma creations. Post-operative management focuses on resuscitation, fluid replacement, and use of hyperosmolar solutions via feeding tubes or stomas.
Structure and development of Urinary bladder by Dr. TatheerSMS_2015
The document summarizes the development and structure of the urinary bladder. It discusses how the bladder develops in an 18 week fetus. It describes the gross features, location, surfaces, neurovascular supply, ligaments, and microstructure of the bladder in males and females. References on anatomy and histology are also provided.
Congenital abnormities of kidney ad ureter 30 3-10Musfirah Tahir
This document summarizes various congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract that can cause health issues if left untreated. It describes conditions like horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, duplex kidneys, ectopic ureters, ureteroceles, and pelviureteric junction obstruction. For each condition, it discusses symptoms, risks to health if untreated, recommended diagnostic tests, and potential treatment options. The overall goal is to increase understanding of these abnormalities, how to identify them, and suggest management plans.
This document discusses the embryology of the excretory system, specifically summarizing the development of the kidneys and ureters from the pronephros and mesonephros stages in the 5th week through maturation of the metanephros in the 8th week. It also covers abnormalities that can occur such as cystic kidney disease, renal agenesis, ectopic or horseshoe kidneys, bifid ureters, and more. The development is described through diagrams and images at each stage of gestation.
The document provides information on the surgical anatomy of the kidney and ureter. It discusses the embryology, gross anatomy including orientation and position of the kidneys. It describes the microscopic anatomy including the nephron. It details the coverings of the kidney including the fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, Gerota's fascia and paranephric fat. It outlines the relations of the kidney to surrounding structures like ribs, diaphragm and pleura. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the kidneys.
The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It has a parietal layer that lines the walls and a visceral layer that covers the organs. It secretes fluid and supports the viscera. Organs can be intraperitoneal, interperitoneal, or retroperitoneal depending on the amount of coverage. The peritoneum forms structures like the omentum, mesenteries, ligaments, folds, and recesses that connect and support organs. The greater sac is divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments by the transverse colon.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The document summarizes the blood supply of the female pelvis. It describes the branches of the internal iliac artery and vein that supply various pelvic structures like the uterus, vagina, ovaries and rectum. It also discusses variations in pelvic vasculature and anastomoses between vessels that allow for collateral blood flow. Applied clinical points are mentioned, such as the risk of ureter injury during uterine artery ligation and routes for metastatic spread from pelvic cancers.
This document discusses immune conflict that can occur during pregnancy between an Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive fetus. Specifically, it describes Rh isoimmunization, where antibodies produced by the mother's immune system in response to Rh antigens on fetal red blood cells can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. If left untreated, this hemolytic process can lead to fetal anemia, jaundice, edema, and even hydrops fetalis. The document outlines methods for diagnosing and preventing Rh isoimmunization.
This document provides information about Prune Belly Syndrome from the Department of Urology at Government Royapettah Hospital and Kilpauk Medical College in Chennai, India. It discusses the moderators, history, epidemiology, genetics, clinical findings, urogenital anomalies, extragenitourinary abnormalities, prenatal diagnosis, neonatal presentation, evaluation, and treatment categories of Prune Belly Syndrome. The document contains detailed information over multiple pages and sections.
1) The document summarizes various gynecological surgical emergencies including acute vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, infections, and post-operative complications.
2) It describes ovarian torsion in detail including causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management focusing on the importance of detorsion to preserve ovarian tissue.
3) It also outlines the diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening complications like necrotizing fasciitis, emphasizing the need for immediate surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics to manage this infection.
The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and comprises two layers. The mesentery suspends portions of the bowel and contains blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves. The peritoneal spaces include the lesser sac, supracolic and infracolic compartments. During development, the peritoneum and mesentery arise from the trilaminar embryo. Diseases can spread within the peritoneal cavity along ligaments, mesenteries, and lymphatics. The omentum, mesentery, and peritoneal recesses have clinical relevance for surgery and disease spread.
Vaginal approach for Stress Urinary Incontinence surgeryRohan Sharma
This document discusses various surgical approaches for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), including pubovaginal slings and midurethral slings. It provides details on the operative technique for pubovaginal sling surgery, including patient positioning, incisions, dissection, sling placement, and postoperative care. Complications like erosion, extrusion, and voiding dysfunction are also reviewed. The document also discusses the anatomical basis for midurethral slings and how they work to treat SUI.
The Canvio 3.0 is an external hard drive from Toshiba that comes in 500GB and 1TB storage capacities. It connects to computers via USB 3.0 allowing transfer speeds up to 5Gbps and is compatible with Windows and Mac operating systems. The 1TB model provides larger storage capacity.
This document discusses three types of communication methods: 1) Simplex which allows transmission in one direction using a one-way channel, 2) Half Duplex which permits transmission in two directions but only one direction at a time using a two-way channel, and 3) Full Duplex which enables simultaneous two-way transmission using a four-wire line.
The document provides an overview of Mullerian anomalies, which occur due to maldevelopment of the Mullerian ducts during embryonic development. It discusses the embryology of the female reproductive system and classifies Mullerian anomalies according to the American Fertility Society system. Common anomalies include septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, and uterine didelphys. Clinical features vary depending on the specific anomaly and whether it causes obstruction. Imaging can help identify the anomaly and determine appropriate surgical management when needed.
Urological trauma during O/G proceduresGAURAV NAHAR
Urological injuries, especially to the urinary bladder and ureters, can occur as complications during obstetric and gynecological procedures due to the anatomical proximity of the genital tract. Bladder injuries are most common but ureteral injuries are often not immediately recognized and can lead to long-term complications if not repaired. Various surgical techniques exist for repairing different types and locations of ureteral and bladder injuries. Prevention relies on identifying risk factors, visualizing the ureters, and high clinical suspicion of injury. Early diagnosis and management involving urological consultation are important to avoid long-term complications.
This document discusses genitourinary trauma. It covers renal trauma in detail, including that renal injuries make up about 10% of emergency room visits for trauma. It presents the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification system for renal injuries in detail. It also discusses trauma to the bladder and ureters, management principles, and complications.
The document summarizes obstetric anatomy, including the fetal skull, pelvis, and diameters important for labor and delivery. It describes:
1) The fetal skull diameters and how they change with flexion/deflexion of the head during birth. Moulding can reduce diameters by up to 1cm. Complications like caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma are also outlined.
2) The female pelvis is described through its planes, diameters, and four types (gynecoid, android, anthropoid, platypelloid). Key diameters include the true conjugate (11cm), obstetric conjugate (10.5cm), and diagonal conjugate (12cm).
This document provides an overview of hydronephrosis, including definitions, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and management. Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis or calyces that can be associated with obstruction. The causes include congenital issues like PUJ obstruction or acquired issues like ureteral strictures. Untreated obstruction can lead to renal damage through stages of compensation and decompensation. Clinical features depend on the cause but may include loin or groin pain. Investigations include imaging like ultrasound, IVU, CT scan, and urodynamics. Management involves relieving obstruction through surgery or stenting as well as treating infections.
This document discusses congenital malformations of the kidneys, focusing on cystic diseases. It describes three broad groups of kidney malformations: abnormalities in renal tissue amount, anomalies of position/form/orientation, and anomalies of differentiation. It then classifies and describes cystic kidney diseases in detail. The major cystic diseases discussed are multicystic renal dysplasia, adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and infantile polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). ADPKD is inherited dominantly and manifests in adulthood, while ARPKD is inherited recessively and presents in infancy, often leading to death from renal failure.
1. Inguinal hernias account for 90% of external abdominal hernias and occur when abdominal contents protrude through the groin area due to weaknesses in the abdominal wall.
2. There are two main types of inguinal hernias - indirect and direct. Indirect hernias occur lateral to the inferior epigastric artery while direct hernias occur through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal in the inguinal triangle.
3. Surgical repair is usually recommended for inguinal hernias to reinforce the abdominal wall, though a truss can be used temporarily in some cases. Common surgical techniques include ligation of the hernia sac and reinforcement of
This document reviews surgical options for treating simple meconium ileus in newborns. Non-operative treatments include hydration, gastric decompression, antibiotics, and hyperosmolar enema washouts. Operative options are considered if non-operative treatments fail or complications occur. Surgical techniques include manual evacuation of the meconium mass, enterotomies with irrigation, and resections with anastomoses or stoma creations. Post-operative management focuses on resuscitation, fluid replacement, and use of hyperosmolar solutions via feeding tubes or stomas.
Structure and development of Urinary bladder by Dr. TatheerSMS_2015
The document summarizes the development and structure of the urinary bladder. It discusses how the bladder develops in an 18 week fetus. It describes the gross features, location, surfaces, neurovascular supply, ligaments, and microstructure of the bladder in males and females. References on anatomy and histology are also provided.
Congenital abnormities of kidney ad ureter 30 3-10Musfirah Tahir
This document summarizes various congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract that can cause health issues if left untreated. It describes conditions like horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, duplex kidneys, ectopic ureters, ureteroceles, and pelviureteric junction obstruction. For each condition, it discusses symptoms, risks to health if untreated, recommended diagnostic tests, and potential treatment options. The overall goal is to increase understanding of these abnormalities, how to identify them, and suggest management plans.
This document discusses the embryology of the excretory system, specifically summarizing the development of the kidneys and ureters from the pronephros and mesonephros stages in the 5th week through maturation of the metanephros in the 8th week. It also covers abnormalities that can occur such as cystic kidney disease, renal agenesis, ectopic or horseshoe kidneys, bifid ureters, and more. The development is described through diagrams and images at each stage of gestation.
The document provides information on the surgical anatomy of the kidney and ureter. It discusses the embryology, gross anatomy including orientation and position of the kidneys. It describes the microscopic anatomy including the nephron. It details the coverings of the kidney including the fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, Gerota's fascia and paranephric fat. It outlines the relations of the kidney to surrounding structures like ribs, diaphragm and pleura. It also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the kidneys.
The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It has a parietal layer that lines the walls and a visceral layer that covers the organs. It secretes fluid and supports the viscera. Organs can be intraperitoneal, interperitoneal, or retroperitoneal depending on the amount of coverage. The peritoneum forms structures like the omentum, mesenteries, ligaments, folds, and recesses that connect and support organs. The greater sac is divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments by the transverse colon.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The document summarizes the blood supply of the female pelvis. It describes the branches of the internal iliac artery and vein that supply various pelvic structures like the uterus, vagina, ovaries and rectum. It also discusses variations in pelvic vasculature and anastomoses between vessels that allow for collateral blood flow. Applied clinical points are mentioned, such as the risk of ureter injury during uterine artery ligation and routes for metastatic spread from pelvic cancers.
This document discusses immune conflict that can occur during pregnancy between an Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive fetus. Specifically, it describes Rh isoimmunization, where antibodies produced by the mother's immune system in response to Rh antigens on fetal red blood cells can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. If left untreated, this hemolytic process can lead to fetal anemia, jaundice, edema, and even hydrops fetalis. The document outlines methods for diagnosing and preventing Rh isoimmunization.
This document provides information about Prune Belly Syndrome from the Department of Urology at Government Royapettah Hospital and Kilpauk Medical College in Chennai, India. It discusses the moderators, history, epidemiology, genetics, clinical findings, urogenital anomalies, extragenitourinary abnormalities, prenatal diagnosis, neonatal presentation, evaluation, and treatment categories of Prune Belly Syndrome. The document contains detailed information over multiple pages and sections.
1) The document summarizes various gynecological surgical emergencies including acute vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, infections, and post-operative complications.
2) It describes ovarian torsion in detail including causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management focusing on the importance of detorsion to preserve ovarian tissue.
3) It also outlines the diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening complications like necrotizing fasciitis, emphasizing the need for immediate surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics to manage this infection.
The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and comprises two layers. The mesentery suspends portions of the bowel and contains blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves. The peritoneal spaces include the lesser sac, supracolic and infracolic compartments. During development, the peritoneum and mesentery arise from the trilaminar embryo. Diseases can spread within the peritoneal cavity along ligaments, mesenteries, and lymphatics. The omentum, mesentery, and peritoneal recesses have clinical relevance for surgery and disease spread.
Vaginal approach for Stress Urinary Incontinence surgeryRohan Sharma
This document discusses various surgical approaches for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), including pubovaginal slings and midurethral slings. It provides details on the operative technique for pubovaginal sling surgery, including patient positioning, incisions, dissection, sling placement, and postoperative care. Complications like erosion, extrusion, and voiding dysfunction are also reviewed. The document also discusses the anatomical basis for midurethral slings and how they work to treat SUI.
The Canvio 3.0 is an external hard drive from Toshiba that comes in 500GB and 1TB storage capacities. It connects to computers via USB 3.0 allowing transfer speeds up to 5Gbps and is compatible with Windows and Mac operating systems. The 1TB model provides larger storage capacity.
This document discusses three types of communication methods: 1) Simplex which allows transmission in one direction using a one-way channel, 2) Half Duplex which permits transmission in two directions but only one direction at a time using a two-way channel, and 3) Full Duplex which enables simultaneous two-way transmission using a four-wire line.
EIN WOLF es una empresa dedicada al diseño análogo que se enfoca en estampados, productos, publicidad, arte industrial y más, con el objetivo de mejorar la perspectiva visual del mundo a través de un enfoque artístico y crítico. La compañía busca ofrecer calidad y satisfacción a los clientes mediante diseños personalizados que representen la imagen, estilo y entorno de cada persona. Su misión es brindar servicios y calidad de diseño a nivel local y nacional, mientras que su visión es adquirir maquinaria para
This website provides information about Saint Birgitta of Sweden, a Catholic saint and mystic who lived from 1303 to 1373. She founded the Bridgettine Order and received a series of revelations from God which she wrote down in her Revelations. The website shares Birgitta's story and message as well as details on her life, her writings, and the order she founded which continues her work today.
La plataforma de internet ofrece múltiples oportunidades para las personas y empresas, permitiendo la comunicación global, el acceso a información ilimitada y nuevas formas de realizar transacciones y negocios.
El documento describe cómo se complementó la lección sobre la parábola del buen samaritano con un video, lo que permitió la interactividad y diversión entre los estudiantes. Los estudiantes disfrutaron mucho del video y la canción sobre el buen samaritano y pudieron dar sus propias conclusiones, mostrando motivación y dedicación. Este estilo de aprendizaje invertido resulta más significativo y motivador para los estudiantes ya que despierta su interés y deseo de aprender.
Abstract— MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function on post-transcriptional gene silencing and regulate the gene expression by degrading the transcripts of their targets, leading to down-regulation of the target genes. Plant miRNAs have been reported to play important roles in developmental control, hormone secretion, cell proliferation, and response to environmental stresses. In this review, we have reviewed miRNA expression and its potential role in regulating cell differentiation in Arabidopsis and summarized the miRNAs regulated cell differentiation during root, shoot, leave, and embryo development. We have further described practical application of expression of miRNAs in plant molecular breeding.
Gestion de imagen como factor clave de posicionamientoLeynnis Pacheco
Este documento describe la importancia de la gestión de imagen como factor clave para el posicionamiento de una marca. Explica que la imagen corporativa representa la personalidad de la empresa y debe transmitir quién y qué es la empresa de manera coherente. También destaca que la comunicación corporativa es fundamental para transmitir los mensajes de la organización a sus públicos objetivos de forma creativa y diferenciada. Finalmente, resalta la importancia del posicionamiento basado en atributos, beneficios o categorías de productos para generar una imagen propia en la mente del consumidor.
