Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep klinik untuk penanganan infeksi menular seksual dengan menekankan pada aksesibilitas, ketersediaan, dan efektivitas layanan kesehatan serta pentingnya skrining berkala, diagnosis dan pengobatan dini, serta konseling untuk mengurangi prevalensi infeksi menular seksual dan risiko penularan HIV.
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep keperawatan pada pasien dengan masalah herpes simpleks. Meliputi pengkajian gejala, diagnosa seperti nyeri dan gangguan citra tubuh, serta intervensi seperti memberikan analgesik, mendukung citra tubuh positif, dan mencegah penularan dengan menjelaskan cara penularan penyakit.
Victoria MacLean is the co-founder of BeauCoo, a body positive community app for women, and VP of Resourcing at Decoder. She has extensive experience in startups in Calgary, having co-founded AcceleratorYYC and previously worked as president of Startup Calgary. BeauCoo has raised $1.2 million in funding and launched on iPhone in 2012 and Android in 2013, matching women based on body dimensions to share clothing brand and style recommendations. Throughout her career, MacLean has focused on community building and emphasizes the importance of networking and helping other women in technology fields.
This document discusses several theories of learning:
- Learning involves acquiring or modifying knowledge through experience and being taught using various techniques. It is aided by motivation and occurs through processes like habituation, conditioning, play, and complex activities.
- Early learning can occur prenatally through habituation as early as 32 weeks into gestation, indicating the brain is primed for learning from a young age.
- Reinforcement theory and behaviorism hold that learning is strengthened through positive reinforcement or avoidance of negative consequences for desired behaviors.
The document discusses various conditional statements using "if" clauses. It states that the author would be happy if they win a competition, they would get excellent marks if they study 3 hours a day, and they would go shopping if they have money. It also mentions not being able to go to the cinema without money from their mom, not doing homework if watching TV all day, their brother getting better marks if studying more, Spain being better if people change their attitude, and eating next Sunday if their grandmother cooks.
This document discusses business and human rights, specifically regarding UK overseas corporations. It begins by outlining the main principles of business and human rights, and who is obliged to implement them - the parent state, firm, or host state. It then provides a brief history of business and human rights. The document examines issues with UK companies abusing human rights due to lack of enforcement and remedies. While human rights can be regulated, there are barriers like funding and time. Empirical evidence from BP shows both voluntary implementation and failures. The conclusion recommends that regulation is not enough and all governments and firms must cooperate to implement human rights.
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep keperawatan pada pasien dengan masalah herpes simpleks. Meliputi pengkajian gejala, diagnosa seperti nyeri dan gangguan citra tubuh, serta intervensi seperti memberikan analgesik, mendukung citra tubuh positif, dan mencegah penularan dengan menjelaskan cara penularan penyakit.
Victoria MacLean is the co-founder of BeauCoo, a body positive community app for women, and VP of Resourcing at Decoder. She has extensive experience in startups in Calgary, having co-founded AcceleratorYYC and previously worked as president of Startup Calgary. BeauCoo has raised $1.2 million in funding and launched on iPhone in 2012 and Android in 2013, matching women based on body dimensions to share clothing brand and style recommendations. Throughout her career, MacLean has focused on community building and emphasizes the importance of networking and helping other women in technology fields.
This document discusses several theories of learning:
- Learning involves acquiring or modifying knowledge through experience and being taught using various techniques. It is aided by motivation and occurs through processes like habituation, conditioning, play, and complex activities.
- Early learning can occur prenatally through habituation as early as 32 weeks into gestation, indicating the brain is primed for learning from a young age.
- Reinforcement theory and behaviorism hold that learning is strengthened through positive reinforcement or avoidance of negative consequences for desired behaviors.
The document discusses various conditional statements using "if" clauses. It states that the author would be happy if they win a competition, they would get excellent marks if they study 3 hours a day, and they would go shopping if they have money. It also mentions not being able to go to the cinema without money from their mom, not doing homework if watching TV all day, their brother getting better marks if studying more, Spain being better if people change their attitude, and eating next Sunday if their grandmother cooks.
This document discusses business and human rights, specifically regarding UK overseas corporations. It begins by outlining the main principles of business and human rights, and who is obliged to implement them - the parent state, firm, or host state. It then provides a brief history of business and human rights. The document examines issues with UK companies abusing human rights due to lack of enforcement and remedies. While human rights can be regulated, there are barriers like funding and time. Empirical evidence from BP shows both voluntary implementation and failures. The conclusion recommends that regulation is not enough and all governments and firms must cooperate to implement human rights.
Five functions of effective managementHealthcare87
The document discusses the five key functions of effective management - planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling - and how the fast food company McDonald's implements these functions. It explains that McDonald's engages in planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling to achieve its objectives of satisfying customers, increasing sales, and sustaining its market position. McDonald's applies controlling to check productivity, compare actual to planned performance, identify weaknesses, and make improvements. The effective use of these management functions is what allows McDonald's to be so successful.
Simon Collins from Caterpillar discussed widening their talent pool to overcome skills shortages. Caterpillar creates multiple routes into the organization, including work experience, apprenticeships, placements, interns, and graduates. Caterpillar also uses proactive engagement strategies like scholarships, sponsorships, STEM programs, and factory visits from a young age to attract talent. Diversity and inclusion are also priorities, as heard from employee Ana Tilica in Italy.
This document discusses the many portrayals and adaptations of Sherlock Holmes across various media. It notes that Sherlock Holmes has been depicted by over 90 actors and inspired many modern detective shows and films. The original stories were written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and included 4 novels and 56 short stories published between 1887-1927. Sherlock Holmes continues to be a popular character that is adapted for film, television, games and more. The document highlights anticipation for the third season of the BBC series Sherlock, with the main question being whether John Watson will have a mustache.
The document discusses several human blood group systems including:
1. The ABO system which determines A, B, AB, and O blood types.
2. The Rh system which determines Rh+ and Rh- blood types.
3. Other minor blood group systems like Lewis, Ii, Mn, P, Kell, and Kidd.
It provides information on the distribution of blood types worldwide and compatibility for transfusions between different blood types. The Rh system is also summarized, explaining the D antigen and how an Rh- mother can form antibodies against a Rh+ baby's blood.
The document discusses changing ideals of female beauty throughout history. In ancient Greece and Rome, sculptures depicting goddesses like Venus and Aphrodite embodied beauty standards. In the 18th century Neoclassical period, larger, fuller-figured women were considered beautiful according to Greek ideals. By the 19th century, corsets were used to achieve small waists and enhance figures, favoring artificiality over naturalness. In the 20th century, corset use declined and more harmonious natural figures became fashionable, though emphasis on femininity increased through the mid-century before ideals changed.
The Civil War in Tajikistan (Tajik: 'Ҷанги шаҳрвандии Тоҷикистон') began in May 1992 when ethnic groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions, which were underrepresented in the ruling elite, rose up against the national government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, in which people from the Leninabad and Kulyab regions dominated. Politically, the discontented groups were represented by liberal democratic reformists[6] and Islamists, who fought together and later organized under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. By June 1997, from 50,000 to 100,000 people had been killed.
So is it over now !?
Dokumen tersebut membahas berbagai aspek terkait konseling HIV dan pencegahan penularan HIV, termasuk definisi dan tujuan konseling HIV, jenis-jenis konseling seperti VCT dan PITC, serta program PMTCT untuk mencegah penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak.
1. IMS atau infeksi menular seksual adalah infeksi yang penularannya melalui hubungan seksual dan disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, protozoa, dan jamur.
2. HIV adalah virus penyebab AIDS yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh sehingga rentan terhadap infeksi. HIV dapat menular melalui hubungan seksual, darah, atau dari ibu ke anak.
3. Pencegahan IMS dan HIV dilakukan dengan abstinensi, kond
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi dasar tentang HIV/AIDS dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS), termasuk epidemi HIV di Indonesia, pengertian dan cara penularan HIV dan IMS, diagnosis HIV, penatalaksanaan IMS, serta pencegahan dan pengendalian HIV/AIDS.
Five functions of effective managementHealthcare87
The document discusses the five key functions of effective management - planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling - and how the fast food company McDonald's implements these functions. It explains that McDonald's engages in planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling to achieve its objectives of satisfying customers, increasing sales, and sustaining its market position. McDonald's applies controlling to check productivity, compare actual to planned performance, identify weaknesses, and make improvements. The effective use of these management functions is what allows McDonald's to be so successful.
Simon Collins from Caterpillar discussed widening their talent pool to overcome skills shortages. Caterpillar creates multiple routes into the organization, including work experience, apprenticeships, placements, interns, and graduates. Caterpillar also uses proactive engagement strategies like scholarships, sponsorships, STEM programs, and factory visits from a young age to attract talent. Diversity and inclusion are also priorities, as heard from employee Ana Tilica in Italy.
This document discusses the many portrayals and adaptations of Sherlock Holmes across various media. It notes that Sherlock Holmes has been depicted by over 90 actors and inspired many modern detective shows and films. The original stories were written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and included 4 novels and 56 short stories published between 1887-1927. Sherlock Holmes continues to be a popular character that is adapted for film, television, games and more. The document highlights anticipation for the third season of the BBC series Sherlock, with the main question being whether John Watson will have a mustache.
The document discusses several human blood group systems including:
1. The ABO system which determines A, B, AB, and O blood types.
2. The Rh system which determines Rh+ and Rh- blood types.
3. Other minor blood group systems like Lewis, Ii, Mn, P, Kell, and Kidd.
It provides information on the distribution of blood types worldwide and compatibility for transfusions between different blood types. The Rh system is also summarized, explaining the D antigen and how an Rh- mother can form antibodies against a Rh+ baby's blood.
The document discusses changing ideals of female beauty throughout history. In ancient Greece and Rome, sculptures depicting goddesses like Venus and Aphrodite embodied beauty standards. In the 18th century Neoclassical period, larger, fuller-figured women were considered beautiful according to Greek ideals. By the 19th century, corsets were used to achieve small waists and enhance figures, favoring artificiality over naturalness. In the 20th century, corset use declined and more harmonious natural figures became fashionable, though emphasis on femininity increased through the mid-century before ideals changed.
The Civil War in Tajikistan (Tajik: 'Ҷанги шаҳрвандии Тоҷикистон') began in May 1992 when ethnic groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions, which were underrepresented in the ruling elite, rose up against the national government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, in which people from the Leninabad and Kulyab regions dominated. Politically, the discontented groups were represented by liberal democratic reformists[6] and Islamists, who fought together and later organized under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. By June 1997, from 50,000 to 100,000 people had been killed.
So is it over now !?
Dokumen tersebut membahas berbagai aspek terkait konseling HIV dan pencegahan penularan HIV, termasuk definisi dan tujuan konseling HIV, jenis-jenis konseling seperti VCT dan PITC, serta program PMTCT untuk mencegah penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak.
1. IMS atau infeksi menular seksual adalah infeksi yang penularannya melalui hubungan seksual dan disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, protozoa, dan jamur.
2. HIV adalah virus penyebab AIDS yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh sehingga rentan terhadap infeksi. HIV dapat menular melalui hubungan seksual, darah, atau dari ibu ke anak.
3. Pencegahan IMS dan HIV dilakukan dengan abstinensi, kond
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi dasar tentang HIV/AIDS dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS), termasuk epidemi HIV di Indonesia, pengertian dan cara penularan HIV dan IMS, diagnosis HIV, penatalaksanaan IMS, serta pencegahan dan pengendalian HIV/AIDS.
Dokumen ini memberikan ringkasan tentang HIV/AIDS di dunia dan Indonesia. Jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS global mencapai 33,2 juta orang dengan 2,5 juta kasus baru dan 2,1 juta kematian per tahun. Lebih dari 96% kasus terjadi di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Penularan utama di Indonesia melalui jarum suntik dan hubungan seks tidak aman. Hanya tes darah yang dapat mengetahui status HIV seseorang. Pencegahan melal
2. BCI
STI Intervention: BCI, Case •Communications:
- Symptom recognition
Manajemen, Asymptomatic - STI treatment seeking
behavior
•Acceptable, accessible
and effective services
Population with STI
Asymptomatic inf
Abnormal symptoms recognized • Partner treatment
• Screening
Seeks and obtain care • Presumptive/mass
M treatment
& Correct diagnosis
STI Case Management
E •Guidelines
Correct treatment
•Training/Supervision
•Adequate supplies
Treatment completed (drug and laboratory)
•Single dose therapy
Cured •Adherence counseling
Partner(s) treated
3. Intervensi untuk
Pengendalian IMS
Pajanan
Kondom
C BCC
β
De
Intervensi
t
Te eksi n
rap din is a
i i, p
Perolehan dan Pena
Perolehan Infeksi
Lama infeksi
D St Louis M, Holmes KK. 1999.
4. Hubungan IMS dan HIV
Perilaku seks
Jenis partner, sexual network
sirkumsisi (-)
IMS HIV
Mengubah kerentanan
Mengubah frek Menurunkan Mengubah infectifitas
Mengubah perj peny
Mengubah kerentanan imunitas
6. Prevalensi Klamidia dan go pada Pekerja
Sex Perempuan di 7 Propinsi Indonesia,
2005
100%
80%
60%
Gonorrhea
40% Chlamydia
20%
0%
a
ri
a
a
ra
va
a
av
av
pu
rt
ep
at
Ja
ka
-J
-J
K
Pa
m
E-
Ja
W
C
Su
7. Prevalensi Gonorrhea pada Pekerja Seks
Perempuan di Tempat Lain
PubMed
• Benin: 5%
• Tanzania: 22%
• Mongolia: 14%
• Cambodia: 3%
• Vietnam: 11%
• India (Calcutta): 34% (HIV 13% )
• Thailand 1991-1994: 15% (HIV
32% )
8. Estimasi 2006
• Di Indonesia diperkirakan terdapat
6,094,760 orang berisiko tinggi terkena
IMS dan sekurangnya 0.65 % dari mereka
terinfeksi HIV. Mereka terutama terdiri dari
pekerja seks (wanita, pria, waria) dan para
pelanggannya.
9. ???
Pelanggan PSK
Tidak pernah Mahasiswa
Pake kondom IDU
???
Pelanggan IRT
IRT Sering beli
hamil
Srg keputihan Antibiotik sendiri
10. Fakta yang tercatat
• Secara kumulatif, sejak 1987 hingga
Desember 2006, dari semua penderita
AIDS yang tercatat sebanyak 44,5 %
tertular melalui hubungan seks, baik
secara heteroseks maupun homosekual.
11. Hasil test
BCC negatif
VCT
IMS Hasil test
positif
CARE
SUPPORT
MK TREATMENT
12. PENANGGULANGAN IMS
• Dasar:
– Tingginya prevalensi IMS pada populasi
tertentu
– Sebagian besar IMS bisa diobati
– IMS dan komplikasinya dapat
mengakibatkan infertilitas, kehamilan
ektopik,prematuritas dan
mempermudah penularan HIV
13. Tujuan Umum:
• Mengurangi kejadian dan prevalensi IMS
beserta komplikasinya
• Mengurangi morbiditas IMS
• Mengurangi risiko penularan HIV
14. PROGRAM KLINIK IMS
• Mengurangi masa infeksi IMS melalui
penapisan penjaja seks dan pengobatan
dini yang efektif
• Mengurangi kebiasaan berisiko melalui
perubahan perilaku
• Identifikasi dan pengobatan pasangan
15. KONSEP KLINIK
• Preventif
– Penapisan berkala pada pekerja seks
(reservoar IMS)
• Kuratif
– Pelayanan yang efektif dan efisien
• Promotif
– Konseling
16. PRASYARAT KLINIK IMS
• ACCESSIBILITY = MUDAH DIAKSES
– Lokasi
– Waktu Pelayanan
– Biaya yang terjangkau
• ACCEPTABILITY = BISA DITERIMA
– Pelayanan yang tidak men-stigma
– Sikap yang tidak menghakimi dan merendahkan moral
– Privasi dan kerahasiaan yang terjamin
– Waktu pelayanan yang tidak terlalu lama
– Peralatan dan bahan yang memadai
– Pengadaan obat dan kondom yang terjamin
– Kemampuan, kompetensi dan profesionalisme tenaga
– Pengobatan yang efektif dan efisien
17. STRATEGI KLINIK IMS
1. PERSIAPAN & PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN
– Infrastuktur, alat dan bahan – Standar Minimal
– Sumber daya manusia – Standar Minimal
– Pelatihan
– Umpan balik dari stakeholder
2. SOSIALISASI & PENGUATAN JARINGAN
PENDUKUNG
3. PELAYANAN
18. 4. Pelayanan
• Penatalaksanaan IMS berdasarkan Protap
P2M 2006
• Sindrom dengan laboratorium sederhana
• Universal Precaution
19. 5. Penguatan Jaringan
- KPAD,Dinas Kesehatan Kota/Kab,
provinsi, Dinas Pariwisata, Din Sosial,
lintas sektoral
- Sistem rujukan : RS
- LSM-LSM
6. MONITORING & EVALUASI
- Laporan bulanan :PIF, naratif, DinKes, data base
- Slide 100% positif diplo, 10% negatif
- Catatan Medis
- Kunjungan lapangan
20. Prevalensi IMS, HIV dan Penggunaan Kondom
pada Pekerja Seks Perempuan
Côte d’Ivoire 1992-2000
100
80
60
%
40
20
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
Prevalensi HIV Penggunaan kondom
N. gonorrhoeae Ulkus kelamin