This document summarizes a study about developing package tours for ecotourism in the Sundarbans Natural World Heritage Site in Bangladesh. The study conducted interviews to understand perceptions of tourists and local communities about package tours. Key findings were that tourists enjoyed visiting Sundarbans as a special interest activity and domestic tourists were seeing it for the first time. Both tourists and locals supported the idea of inclusive package tours. The document then outlines a proposed 4-day package tour for Sundarbans, addressing logistics like transportation, accommodations, and sustainability measures, with the goal of attracting domestic and international ecotourists.
This document discusses package eco-tourism in Bangladesh, specifically tours of the Sundarbans forest. It defines special interest tourism and eco-tourism, noting that eco-tourism focuses on engaging with nature in a sustainable way. The document outlines how package eco-tours could minimize negative impacts on natural areas while appealing to domestic and international tourists. It also reviews literature on eco-tourist characteristics and trends showing growth in nature-based tourism.
This document discusses ecotourism and provides background information. Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas with low environmental impact as an alternative to mass tourism. It aims to educate travelers, fund conservation efforts, and benefit local economies and cultures. Responsible ecotourism programs minimize environmental impacts, promote sustainability, and create opportunities for local communities. The literature review examines what other scholars have researched regarding ecotourism's effects on organization performance.
The document discusses sustainable tourism and ecotourism. It defines the different types of environment as the natural environment, built environment, and sociocultural environment. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. The criteria for ecotourism includes being environmentally friendly, appreciating nature/culture, promoting conservation, minimizing visitor impact, and contributing to local socioeconomics. Issues with ecotourism include environmental impacts from large tourist numbers and lack of local community participation. The document also discusses ecotourism in Malaysia and common ecotourism activities.
Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas in a way that minimizes negative environmental impacts and supports local communities. It aims to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, and foster respect for different cultures. For ecotourism to be successful, it must be small-scale, involve local communities, and ensure most profits stay in the local economy. However, some large-scale operations are accused of "greenwashing" by causing environmental damage while marketing themselves as ecotourism. Effective regulation and guidelines are needed to ensure ecotourism truly achieves environmental and social goals.
The roles of tourists, tourism operators, and local communities are important for supporting sustainable tourism.
Tourists can choose sustainable tourism by paying slightly higher fees, which encourages conservation. Operators influence consumer choices and work with suppliers and destinations to further sustainability. They provide information to tourists and limit impacts.
Local communities are directly involved through jobs, services, and partnerships with operators. They share economic and cultural benefits, and regulate visiting areas to protect resources and promote sustainable development. All parties aim to respect cultures and environments while achieving economic goals.
The document discusses the key components and considerations of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as having three main components: natural-based activities, education of visitors, and sustainable management. The natural-based component involves nature-focused activities and experiences. The education component aims to increase visitors' understanding and appreciation of the natural environment. The sustainable management component emphasizes environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. The document also examines factors like the local community's involvement, potential impacts, and how revenue can support conservation efforts.
1) The document discusses alternative tourism and eco-tourism in Tunisia, specifically in the northwest regions, as a way to promote sustainable development through equitable economic opportunities, viable societies, and livable environments.
2) It proposes a project called "ECO-VASION" to establish hiking trails and circuits in the northwest by 2014 and sensitize local populations, developers, travel agencies and authorities to alternative tourism.
3) Key actions include collecting data on the areas, conducting awareness activities like an "ECO-MARATHON" event in El Kef, developing dialogue with locals, and training youth on renewable energy through demonstration models.
This document discusses package eco-tourism in Bangladesh, specifically tours of the Sundarbans forest. It defines special interest tourism and eco-tourism, noting that eco-tourism focuses on engaging with nature in a sustainable way. The document outlines how package eco-tours could minimize negative impacts on natural areas while appealing to domestic and international tourists. It also reviews literature on eco-tourist characteristics and trends showing growth in nature-based tourism.
This document discusses ecotourism and provides background information. Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas with low environmental impact as an alternative to mass tourism. It aims to educate travelers, fund conservation efforts, and benefit local economies and cultures. Responsible ecotourism programs minimize environmental impacts, promote sustainability, and create opportunities for local communities. The literature review examines what other scholars have researched regarding ecotourism's effects on organization performance.
The document discusses sustainable tourism and ecotourism. It defines the different types of environment as the natural environment, built environment, and sociocultural environment. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. The criteria for ecotourism includes being environmentally friendly, appreciating nature/culture, promoting conservation, minimizing visitor impact, and contributing to local socioeconomics. Issues with ecotourism include environmental impacts from large tourist numbers and lack of local community participation. The document also discusses ecotourism in Malaysia and common ecotourism activities.
Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas in a way that minimizes negative environmental impacts and supports local communities. It aims to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, and foster respect for different cultures. For ecotourism to be successful, it must be small-scale, involve local communities, and ensure most profits stay in the local economy. However, some large-scale operations are accused of "greenwashing" by causing environmental damage while marketing themselves as ecotourism. Effective regulation and guidelines are needed to ensure ecotourism truly achieves environmental and social goals.
The roles of tourists, tourism operators, and local communities are important for supporting sustainable tourism.
Tourists can choose sustainable tourism by paying slightly higher fees, which encourages conservation. Operators influence consumer choices and work with suppliers and destinations to further sustainability. They provide information to tourists and limit impacts.
Local communities are directly involved through jobs, services, and partnerships with operators. They share economic and cultural benefits, and regulate visiting areas to protect resources and promote sustainable development. All parties aim to respect cultures and environments while achieving economic goals.
The document discusses the key components and considerations of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as having three main components: natural-based activities, education of visitors, and sustainable management. The natural-based component involves nature-focused activities and experiences. The education component aims to increase visitors' understanding and appreciation of the natural environment. The sustainable management component emphasizes environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. The document also examines factors like the local community's involvement, potential impacts, and how revenue can support conservation efforts.
1) The document discusses alternative tourism and eco-tourism in Tunisia, specifically in the northwest regions, as a way to promote sustainable development through equitable economic opportunities, viable societies, and livable environments.
2) It proposes a project called "ECO-VASION" to establish hiking trails and circuits in the northwest by 2014 and sensitize local populations, developers, travel agencies and authorities to alternative tourism.
3) Key actions include collecting data on the areas, conducting awareness activities like an "ECO-MARATHON" event in El Kef, developing dialogue with locals, and training youth on renewable energy through demonstration models.
John Cusick, Assistant Specialist at the UHM Environmental Center, discusses the current unsustainability of Hawaii tourism, and presents examples from Hawaii and abroad of how that might be changed. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-29.
The document discusses ecotourism, which involves traveling to natural areas to study and experience cultural and environmental aspects in a sustainable way. Ecotourism has three key components: being natural-based through activities like wildlife viewing, camping, and swimming; being sustainable by limiting tourist numbers and environmental impact; and being educational by developing visitors' knowledge and appreciation of natural environments. The future of ecotourism depends on maintaining its core principles of experiencing, educating, and encouraging environmental protection.
This document is an introduction to a two-volume manual on ecotourism planning and management. It discusses ecotourism as an important economic activity that can benefit conservation if properly planned and managed. The manual is intended to provide guidance to conservation organizations, protected area managers, and other stakeholders on how to develop sustainable ecotourism. It emphasizes that ecotourism requires understanding both conservation and business issues. The introduction outlines the contents of the two volumes, which cover topics like ecotourism definitions, stakeholders, relationships with protected areas and communities, and the planning and management process.
The document discusses various concepts related to sustainable tourism development and managing its environmental impacts, including conservation, preservation, environmental impact assessment (EIA), carrying capacity, and zoning. It defines these terms and describes their importance in tourism planning and management to minimize negative impacts on the environment and ensure sustainable development.
Contribution of social environmental organisations in supporting sustainable...NURUL HAZWANI HUSNA RAZLAN
Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) supports sustainable tourism by working to improve forest and wildlife conservation policies, promote sustainable farming practices, address environmental degradation, and advocate for climate justice and renewable energy. The Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) contributes through conservation initiatives, environmental education, and operating nature parks and education centers. UNESCO promotes sustainable tourism at World Heritage sites by facilitating stakeholder cooperation, empowering local communities, and providing guidance tools for site managers.
Sustainable tourism seeks to minimize environmental and social impacts while providing economic benefits. It takes full account of current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts on visitors, industry, environment, and host communities. The principles of sustainable tourism include using resources sustainably, reducing over-consumption and waste, maintaining biodiversity, integrating tourism into local planning, supporting local economies, involving local communities, consulting stakeholders, training staff, marketing responsibly, and ongoing research.
This document discusses trends and issues related to ecotourism and sustainable tourism. It provides an overview of key concepts like ecotourism, definitions from organizations like TIES, and consumer behavior trends showing growing interest in green travel. Challenges are outlined, such as the lack of consistent data. Global and local events are highlighted that bring together students and professionals in this field. Guidelines for voluntourism are also mentioned.
Explanation of Tourist Attraction and Their Importance Around the World by Al...korayozguclu
A key part of tourism is attractions. They are often called “tourist attractions” because they tend to attract tourists. Tourist attractions may contribute to the economic growth of a city or nation and have a direct effect on the promotion of that region. According to Wanhill (2008), a tourist attraction is the set of tangible or intangible values associated with a country. The unique values of that country or city also add to that country's tourist attraction. For example; Native animals such as Koala and Kangaroo, which are native to Australia and only live there, add to the tourist attraction of that country.
The document discusses managing tourism impacts and ensuring sustainability. It provides definitions for conservation of fragile environments as the careful management and use of resources so they are not depleted, and for sustainable tourism as attempting to make a low environmental and cultural impact while generating future local employment. It explains how tensions can arise between tourists and locals due to conflicts over resources, customs, or congestion, and between tourists and environments when attractions are physically damaged or polluted by tourist actions.
Ecotourism: One Means of Attempting to Achieve Sustainability?Jelodar جلودار
Ecotourism aims to achieve sustainability by conserving the environment and improving livelihoods of local communities. It is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that minimizes impacts and provides benefits to conservation and local people. For ecotourism to be authentic, it must involve travel to natural areas, build environmental awareness, provide financial benefits to conservation and local communities, and respect local cultures. However, challenges include ensuring local control and benefits, managing scale of tourism, and protecting local cultures from negative impacts. Strategies to achieve ecotourism principles include keeping operations small-scale, prioritizing conservation, ensuring benefits are shared fairly, and gaining government support for local communities.
Tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industries and is a major source of income for many countries. It can have both positive and negative impacts towards the image of the particular destinations tourism image. Sustainable tourism development attempts to find the balance between Environment, Economic and Culture to create an improved quality of life for the host community. The paper analyses about the concepts, practices, strategies, issues and trends of Sustainable Tourism Development
Sustainable tourism aims to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impacts of tourism activities. It focuses on environmental protection, socio-cultural authenticity, and local economic benefits. Examples show how overuse of resources by tourism can harm destinations like water scarcity in Bali, but concepts like biohotels and gentle mobility in Austria seek more sustainable solutions. The key pillars of sustainable tourism are environmental, socio-cultural and economic sustainability.
Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing environmental protection, economic growth, and social progress across three pillars of sustainability. Key principles of sustainable development include equality, environmental protection, social progress, and responsible consumption that improve quality of life for both present and future generations. Youth have an important role to play in advocating for and practicing sustainable development to shape their own future.
1. The Tourism Industry
2. Classic Tourism Development Theories
3. Ideal Sustainable Tourism Development
4. Issues in Tourism Development
5. Some Possible Solutions
This document summarizes a research paper on how environmental factors impact tourism management and promotion of sustainable development. It discusses five key domains: 1) behavioral patterns related to nature-based tourism, 2) tourism investments and infrastructure development, 3) impacts of natural disasters and environmental degradation, 4) resource conservation and climate change, and 5) developing tourism-friendly urban planning models. The objective is to explore how consideration of environmental issues can help balance tourism demand and supply to achieve sustainable tourism development.
This document discusses various types of tourism in India including sustainable tourism, eco-tourism, rural tourism, heritage tourism, adventure tourism, and medical tourism. It provides examples of Indian states known for different types of niche tourism like Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, and Ladakh for eco-tourism. The document also discusses Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism in India and highlights top cities like Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata that have facilities to host MICE events.
2015 PMI SCC Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean - Alison C Holderalisoncholder
The document discusses sustainability in the tourism industry. It begins with background on the presenter and presentation objectives which include discussing political directives on sustainable tourism, core elements like standards and ethics, and examples from Belize and Jamaica. The core elements section outlines pillars of sustainable tourism like conservation, community, culture and commerce. Standards discussed include the UNWTO Global Code of Ethics and Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria. Examples given of best practices are Hidden Valley Inn in Belize and Tryall Club in Jamaica. The presentation concludes with discussing the business case for sustainability and applying project management principles to sustainable tourism projects.
Sustainable tourism introduction to sustainable tourismpascastpt
Sustainable tourism refers to tourism activity that can be maintained long-term by benefiting the social, economic, natural, and cultural environments of the destination. It meets present needs without compromising future opportunities. Sustainable tourism products operate in harmony with local environments, communities, and cultures so they benefit rather than become victims of development. It also conserves resources, respects local culture, benefits residents through employment and spending locally, and strives for quality experiences over quantity of visitors.
This document defines sustainable tourism and sustainable development. Sustainable tourism is defined as managing resources to fulfill economic, social, and aesthetic needs while maintaining cultural integrity and ecological processes. Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The principles of sustainable tourism include being ecologically sound, respecting local communities, and supporting local economic development. However, tourism is not automatically sustainable and its development must consider environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts to avoid being dominated by elites and external agents at the expense of local communities.
This document discusses package eco-tourism in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on tours of the Sundarbans forest. It begins by defining special interest tourism and eco-tourism, noting that eco-tourism focuses on engaging with nature in a sustainable way. It then discusses the trends in special interest tourism, characteristics of eco-tourists, and how package tours are well-suited for eco-tourism. Finally, it provides an overview of tourism in Bangladesh, predicting growth in tourism arrivals and earnings through 2021. The goal of the study is to outline visiting the Sundarbans as a special interest tourism activity and analyze how marketing an all-inclusive "Package Eco-tour" could minimize negative impacts on the fragile natural
Ecotourism has grown rapidly in Costa Rica, the Galapagos Islands, and Tanzania. While it aims to promote environmental conservation and local economic development, its actual impacts are mixed. In the Galapagos, most tourism industry profits go to foreign operators rather than local communities. Both mass tourism and ecotourism can enable development but also negatively impact the environment. Costa Rica has had more success with ecotourism due to stable government and environmental protections. However, all tourist activities impact the environment to some degree. Mexico faces environmental problems from tourism like water pollution, but ecotourism could help by focusing on learning from and preserving culture and nature.
John Cusick, Assistant Specialist at the UHM Environmental Center, discusses the current unsustainability of Hawaii tourism, and presents examples from Hawaii and abroad of how that might be changed. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-29.
The document discusses ecotourism, which involves traveling to natural areas to study and experience cultural and environmental aspects in a sustainable way. Ecotourism has three key components: being natural-based through activities like wildlife viewing, camping, and swimming; being sustainable by limiting tourist numbers and environmental impact; and being educational by developing visitors' knowledge and appreciation of natural environments. The future of ecotourism depends on maintaining its core principles of experiencing, educating, and encouraging environmental protection.
This document is an introduction to a two-volume manual on ecotourism planning and management. It discusses ecotourism as an important economic activity that can benefit conservation if properly planned and managed. The manual is intended to provide guidance to conservation organizations, protected area managers, and other stakeholders on how to develop sustainable ecotourism. It emphasizes that ecotourism requires understanding both conservation and business issues. The introduction outlines the contents of the two volumes, which cover topics like ecotourism definitions, stakeholders, relationships with protected areas and communities, and the planning and management process.
The document discusses various concepts related to sustainable tourism development and managing its environmental impacts, including conservation, preservation, environmental impact assessment (EIA), carrying capacity, and zoning. It defines these terms and describes their importance in tourism planning and management to minimize negative impacts on the environment and ensure sustainable development.
Contribution of social environmental organisations in supporting sustainable...NURUL HAZWANI HUSNA RAZLAN
Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) supports sustainable tourism by working to improve forest and wildlife conservation policies, promote sustainable farming practices, address environmental degradation, and advocate for climate justice and renewable energy. The Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) contributes through conservation initiatives, environmental education, and operating nature parks and education centers. UNESCO promotes sustainable tourism at World Heritage sites by facilitating stakeholder cooperation, empowering local communities, and providing guidance tools for site managers.
Sustainable tourism seeks to minimize environmental and social impacts while providing economic benefits. It takes full account of current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts on visitors, industry, environment, and host communities. The principles of sustainable tourism include using resources sustainably, reducing over-consumption and waste, maintaining biodiversity, integrating tourism into local planning, supporting local economies, involving local communities, consulting stakeholders, training staff, marketing responsibly, and ongoing research.
This document discusses trends and issues related to ecotourism and sustainable tourism. It provides an overview of key concepts like ecotourism, definitions from organizations like TIES, and consumer behavior trends showing growing interest in green travel. Challenges are outlined, such as the lack of consistent data. Global and local events are highlighted that bring together students and professionals in this field. Guidelines for voluntourism are also mentioned.
Explanation of Tourist Attraction and Their Importance Around the World by Al...korayozguclu
A key part of tourism is attractions. They are often called “tourist attractions” because they tend to attract tourists. Tourist attractions may contribute to the economic growth of a city or nation and have a direct effect on the promotion of that region. According to Wanhill (2008), a tourist attraction is the set of tangible or intangible values associated with a country. The unique values of that country or city also add to that country's tourist attraction. For example; Native animals such as Koala and Kangaroo, which are native to Australia and only live there, add to the tourist attraction of that country.
The document discusses managing tourism impacts and ensuring sustainability. It provides definitions for conservation of fragile environments as the careful management and use of resources so they are not depleted, and for sustainable tourism as attempting to make a low environmental and cultural impact while generating future local employment. It explains how tensions can arise between tourists and locals due to conflicts over resources, customs, or congestion, and between tourists and environments when attractions are physically damaged or polluted by tourist actions.
Ecotourism: One Means of Attempting to Achieve Sustainability?Jelodar جلودار
Ecotourism aims to achieve sustainability by conserving the environment and improving livelihoods of local communities. It is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that minimizes impacts and provides benefits to conservation and local people. For ecotourism to be authentic, it must involve travel to natural areas, build environmental awareness, provide financial benefits to conservation and local communities, and respect local cultures. However, challenges include ensuring local control and benefits, managing scale of tourism, and protecting local cultures from negative impacts. Strategies to achieve ecotourism principles include keeping operations small-scale, prioritizing conservation, ensuring benefits are shared fairly, and gaining government support for local communities.
Tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industries and is a major source of income for many countries. It can have both positive and negative impacts towards the image of the particular destinations tourism image. Sustainable tourism development attempts to find the balance between Environment, Economic and Culture to create an improved quality of life for the host community. The paper analyses about the concepts, practices, strategies, issues and trends of Sustainable Tourism Development
Sustainable tourism aims to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impacts of tourism activities. It focuses on environmental protection, socio-cultural authenticity, and local economic benefits. Examples show how overuse of resources by tourism can harm destinations like water scarcity in Bali, but concepts like biohotels and gentle mobility in Austria seek more sustainable solutions. The key pillars of sustainable tourism are environmental, socio-cultural and economic sustainability.
Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing environmental protection, economic growth, and social progress across three pillars of sustainability. Key principles of sustainable development include equality, environmental protection, social progress, and responsible consumption that improve quality of life for both present and future generations. Youth have an important role to play in advocating for and practicing sustainable development to shape their own future.
1. The Tourism Industry
2. Classic Tourism Development Theories
3. Ideal Sustainable Tourism Development
4. Issues in Tourism Development
5. Some Possible Solutions
This document summarizes a research paper on how environmental factors impact tourism management and promotion of sustainable development. It discusses five key domains: 1) behavioral patterns related to nature-based tourism, 2) tourism investments and infrastructure development, 3) impacts of natural disasters and environmental degradation, 4) resource conservation and climate change, and 5) developing tourism-friendly urban planning models. The objective is to explore how consideration of environmental issues can help balance tourism demand and supply to achieve sustainable tourism development.
This document discusses various types of tourism in India including sustainable tourism, eco-tourism, rural tourism, heritage tourism, adventure tourism, and medical tourism. It provides examples of Indian states known for different types of niche tourism like Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, and Ladakh for eco-tourism. The document also discusses Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism in India and highlights top cities like Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata that have facilities to host MICE events.
2015 PMI SCC Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean - Alison C Holderalisoncholder
The document discusses sustainability in the tourism industry. It begins with background on the presenter and presentation objectives which include discussing political directives on sustainable tourism, core elements like standards and ethics, and examples from Belize and Jamaica. The core elements section outlines pillars of sustainable tourism like conservation, community, culture and commerce. Standards discussed include the UNWTO Global Code of Ethics and Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria. Examples given of best practices are Hidden Valley Inn in Belize and Tryall Club in Jamaica. The presentation concludes with discussing the business case for sustainability and applying project management principles to sustainable tourism projects.
Sustainable tourism introduction to sustainable tourismpascastpt
Sustainable tourism refers to tourism activity that can be maintained long-term by benefiting the social, economic, natural, and cultural environments of the destination. It meets present needs without compromising future opportunities. Sustainable tourism products operate in harmony with local environments, communities, and cultures so they benefit rather than become victims of development. It also conserves resources, respects local culture, benefits residents through employment and spending locally, and strives for quality experiences over quantity of visitors.
This document defines sustainable tourism and sustainable development. Sustainable tourism is defined as managing resources to fulfill economic, social, and aesthetic needs while maintaining cultural integrity and ecological processes. Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The principles of sustainable tourism include being ecologically sound, respecting local communities, and supporting local economic development. However, tourism is not automatically sustainable and its development must consider environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts to avoid being dominated by elites and external agents at the expense of local communities.
This document discusses package eco-tourism in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on tours of the Sundarbans forest. It begins by defining special interest tourism and eco-tourism, noting that eco-tourism focuses on engaging with nature in a sustainable way. It then discusses the trends in special interest tourism, characteristics of eco-tourists, and how package tours are well-suited for eco-tourism. Finally, it provides an overview of tourism in Bangladesh, predicting growth in tourism arrivals and earnings through 2021. The goal of the study is to outline visiting the Sundarbans as a special interest tourism activity and analyze how marketing an all-inclusive "Package Eco-tour" could minimize negative impacts on the fragile natural
Ecotourism has grown rapidly in Costa Rica, the Galapagos Islands, and Tanzania. While it aims to promote environmental conservation and local economic development, its actual impacts are mixed. In the Galapagos, most tourism industry profits go to foreign operators rather than local communities. Both mass tourism and ecotourism can enable development but also negatively impact the environment. Costa Rica has had more success with ecotourism due to stable government and environmental protections. However, all tourist activities impact the environment to some degree. Mexico faces environmental problems from tourism like water pollution, but ecotourism could help by focusing on learning from and preserving culture and nature.
Ecotourism and sustainable development in kenya paper finaltomngunyi
This document provides an overview of ecotourism and sustainable development in Kenya. It discusses the meaning and principles of ecotourism, as well as sustainable tourism development. It then examines the growth of ecotourism in Kenya, including its history and key organizations involved. Protected areas that support ecotourism are also reviewed. The document analyzes the impacts and challenges of ecotourism in Kenya, and discusses eco-rating of lodges and a case study of an eco-rated lodge.
Ecotourism can have both positive and negative socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts on destinations. Positively, it can increase financial opportunities for local communities, preserve natural habitats, and promote cultural pride and awareness of environmental issues. However, large tourist volumes can damage fragile ecosystems, introduce foreign values that weaken indigenous cultures, and increase costs of living in local communities. Proper management strategies are needed to maximize ecotourism's benefits while minimizing its risks and downsides.
The impact of heritage attributes on the satisfaction of tourism in sri lankaAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the impact of heritage attributes on tourist satisfaction in Sri Lanka. It conducted surveys of 142 tourists, examining how heritage attributes like tourist packages, historical buildings, cultural villages, and entertainment relate to satisfaction factors like quality service, accessibility, reliability and responsiveness. The results found heritage attributes have a strong positive impact on tourist satisfaction, explaining 85% of satisfaction levels. Certain attributes like tourist packages had a stronger influence while others like cultural villages had a weaker impact. The study provides insights into how developing heritage attributes can enhance tourist satisfaction and the sustainability of Sri Lanka's tourism industry.
When tourism getting momentum globally, a concern irks locally is – is tourism really benefitting the common people in destinations? When ordinary people are forced to jeopardize their convenience for the pleasures of travelers and tour operators, a lion part of the income generated from tourism goes to minority business players. Even though these natural attractions are to be equally enjoyed by all, this paradox remain prevails. Here the novel concept Responsible Tourism (RT) tries to answer many of our apprehensions. This paper reiterates that RT initiative – a strategy to accomplish economic, social and environmental objectives simultaneously shall be the approach for destination management. The Sustainable Tourism Products (STP) and Community Based Tourism (CBT) products emerge as a new strategy for destination marketing, and this Cause Related Marketing (CRM) totally in line with pro-poor, inclusive, and sustainable development concepts creates a win-win situation among community, tourists and industry.
Keywords: Responsible Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT) Product, Sustainable Tourism Product (STP), Destination Management, Destination Marketing, and Cause Related Marketing (CRM)
Here is a summary of the positive and negative effects of ecotourism:
Positive Effects:
- Generates income and employment for local communities from tourism activities like guiding tours. This enhances economic development.
- Raises environmental awareness among both locals and tourists through interpretation and education. This fosters conservation values.
- Sustains local traditions and culture by showcasing them to visitors. This boosts cultural pride.
- Funds generated support conservation of natural areas that attract ecotourists. This aids protection of biodiversity.
Negative Effects:
- Overcrowding at popular ecotourism sites can degrade the environment through pollution, litter, and trampling of vegetation.
- Large visitor numbers may
The Factors Influencing IndividualsGroups to Undertake Tours T.docxtodd771
The Factors Influencing Individuals/Groups to Undertake Tours: The Case of Selected Individuals in Mombasa County
Introduction
Tourism in Kenya is one of the largest source of foreign exchange, only second to Agriculture. The main attractions are wildlife, athletes, game reserves and beautiful sceneries in Kenya. Mombasa County is one of the leading tourist attraction areas in Kenya both by locals and foreigners. Lee Jolliffe, in her book Tea and Tourism: Tourists, Traditions and Transformations, argues that
Kenyan
tourism hasn’t developed on its conservation of natural resources, though “beach tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, sports tourism all form part of the portfolio” (Jolliffe, 2007). Kenya won the Best Leisure Destination award at the World Travel Fair in Shanghai, China, in April 2008. The permanent secretary in Kenya’s Ministry of Tourism, Rebecca Nabutola, stated that the award “goes to testify that Kenya has a unique world acclaimed tourism product. The recognition will no doubt boost Kenya’s tourism and enhance its profile as a leading tourist destination.” Mombasa County is one of the 47 newly created counties in Kenya comprising: Changamwe, Jomvu, Kisauni, Nyali, Likoni and Mvita constituencies with the major town being Mombasa Town which is the second largest town in Kenya.
Mombasa is an important tourism center due to its vast diversity of culture, beaches, old towns, hotels and restaurants, wildlife and economic activity. Mombasa is the original Arabic name for Mombasa and this city has an average population of about 1 million people. Mombasa is a place rich in history, yet at the same time fascinating commercial and cosmopolitan port town. Mombasa is an island connected to the mainland by bridges and ferries. The town overlooks a wide harbor, where commercial shipping mingles with traditional sailing dhows. The true heart of Mombasa is found in the exotic old town, among the narrow winding streets and Arab architecture (Magical Kenya, 2015). This paper will focus on factors affecting decision making by tourist by using Mombasa County as the case study.
Statement of the problem
Due to her high touristic potential and capacity, Mombasa’s tourism represents a fast growing sector of the economy. All over the region and the world at large, Mombasa represents an important attractive destination for many tourists who still consider it as a world prototype; consequently, the high demand has been increasing from one year to another. This strategic sector, however, still has to deal with: the large capital required to invest in this sector, poor government support, low level of technology in the country, poor infrastructure, lack of social services, diseases and natural calamities, expensive tourism facilities which may scare tourists away, environmental pollution, encroachment, terrorism and kidnapping of tourists. The Government should play the key role here by formulating legislation that support tourism and provide .
This document provides an overview of ecotourism principles and classifications. It discusses various systems for classifying ecotourism, including on spectrums from shallow to deep and from hard to soft. Deep ecotourism emphasizes minimizing human impacts and respecting indigenous cultures, while shallow ecotourism treats nature as something for human entertainment. The document also outlines 20 key principles of ecotourism, such as environmental sustainability, community participation, and economic benefits. Finally, it compares ecotourism to related forms of tourism and discusses terms like sustainable tourism, greenwashing, and responsible travel.
Ecotourism has evolved over time from simply nature-based tourism and recreation. It now aims to conserve the natural environment and support local communities and economies. There are many definitions of ecotourism but most agree that it involves sustainable tourism focused on experiencing natural areas while minimizing negative impacts. Ecotourism aims to provide benefits to environmental conservation, local communities, and visitor experience through responsible and sustainable practices.
Ecotourism emphasizes protecting nature and promoting sustainable tourism. It involves traveling responsibly to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and improves livelihoods. While ecotourism can bring some pollution, its overall impact is more beneficial than harmful by improving quality of life, supporting conservation, and fostering cultural understanding if done sustainably. Ecotourism aims to educate travelers about ecology and environmental responsibility.
Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and benefits local people. It aims to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, benefit local economies, and foster cultural respect. However, some ecotourism ventures have negatively impacted environments and local communities through issues like overtourism, displacement of indigenous people, threats to cultures, and mismanagement of natural resources. Improving sustainability requires regulation, education, prioritizing small local businesses, and natural resource stewardship.
This document defines wildlife conservation tourism and outlines its potential advantages and disadvantages. It begins by defining wildlife conservation tourism and related terms. It then discusses the HANS framework and BLT model for understanding wildlife conservation tourism. The potential advantages include supporting wildlife conservation through funding and awareness, providing meaningful experiences for tourists, and economic support for local communities. However, disadvantages include the risk of stressing or harming wildlife through interactions with tourists, ineffective conservation outcomes in the long run, and little economic potential for local people. The document concludes with a list of references on the topic.
InTechRole_of_ecotourism_in_sustainable_development_.pdfSGB Media Group
This document discusses the role of ecotourism in sustainable development. It begins by defining ecotourism as a form of tourism focused on experiencing nature that provides economic opportunities for local communities. The document then discusses different definitions of ecotourism and identifies its key characteristics, such as contributing to conservation and involving local communities. It also distinguishes ecotourism from other forms of tourism like adventure tourism. Next, it explores the relationship between ecotourism and sustainable development and tourism. Finally, the document discusses standards and principles for ecotourism to promote environmental protection, socio-cultural benefits, and economic sustainability.
1. The document defines tourism as activities, services, and industries that deliver travel experiences including transportation, accommodations, food, retail, and entertainment for people traveling away from home.
2. Tourism involves temporary movement of people outside their normal place of work or residence, along with the activities and facilities that cater to their needs while traveling.
3. The main dimensions of tourism are attractions, natural resources, culture, facilities like lodging and food, infrastructure, and hospitality. Essential requirements for tourism include time, money, mobility, and motivation.
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The document discusses the history and evolution of ecotourism. It notes that the term emerged in the late 1980s as environmental awareness grew and consumers sought more sustainable tourism options that minimized impacts on the environment. Two broad schools of thought on ecotourism emerged around case studies of its impacts and issues regarding planning and development. The concept continued to develop over subsequent decades as definitions were evaluated and principles like having a natural focus, providing education, contributing to conservation and local communities, and meeting expectations were established.
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The document discusses the concept of ecotourism, defining it as environmentally conscious travel that enjoys and appreciates nature while promoting conservation and providing local socio-economic benefits. It examines claims that ecotourism minimizes the negative impacts of mass tourism and contributes to environmental preservation. The document questions whether ecotourism achieves these goals in practice or is a viable solution to environmental problems, given issues with implementation and regulations in areas where ecotourism programs operate.
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11.marketing aspects of package tour as a special interest tourism product case of the sundarbans
1. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol 2, No.3, 2012
Marketing aspects of ‘Package Tour’ as a special interest
tourism product- case of the Sundarbans
Azizul Hassan
Department of Marketing, Events and Tourism; Business School; University of Greenwich;
London, SE10 9LS, United Kingdom.
Telephone Number: 0044 - 07766857239; Email: hm087@gre.ac.uk
Abstract: In terms of visitation by tourists and issues of sustainability, the Natural World Heritage Sites are
getting wider attention in recent times leaving the issue of impacts as a big question. Taking into
consideration of the Sundarbans as a case, this study has been aimed to outline the visit to the Sundarbans as
a special interest tourism activity with detailed conceptual framework and marketing approaches. This has
also attempted to develop the ground of marketing of a ‘Packaged Eco-tour’ that is capable to minimize the
negative impacts of tourism on such sites’ authenticity, ecological set up and biodiversity. With the unique
application of the ‘Participant Observation’ approach in tourism research, this study has been based on the
explanatory case study method. Results of this study have showed that the tourist visit in a packaged format
can be practised within a delicate and fragile natural set up having reduced the possible negative
consequences. Again, as a form of special interest tourism such kind of package tour represents better
marketing prospects from both the domestic and international tourism contexts.
Key Words: Eco-tourism, Special Interest Tourism, the Natural WHS, tourism package tour,
sustainability.
Introduction: Traditional trade of tourism always emphasises on the materialistic side tourism facilities
than the authenticity in charms and enjoyment. However, Bangladesh is one of those few countries whose
natural treasures are still remains unexplored and the Sundarbans is an example. Bangladesh offers
distinctive and delicate attractions of her own and these are different, those tourists haunt in other
neighbouring countries. This study has outlined the visit of the Sundarbans as a special interest tourism
activity with detailed conceptual frameworks. Additionally, the study has also attempted to analyze the
issues of marketing of the ‘Package Tour’ through the understanding of responsible management of impacts
of tourism on the sites’ delicacy, ecological set up and biodiversity. This study has been confined within
geographical boundary of the Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans.
Literature Review:
The Trends of Special Interest Tourism: In a simple meaning, ‘Special Interest Tourism’ refers to the
touristic interest to any specific fields of tourism. Douglas et. al., (2001) have attempted to explain this
tourism typology as the custom-made prerequisite of leisure with enjoyable experiences that is focused by
specifically articulated group or individual interests. Where, Read (1980) has opined that this tourism is
related to peoples’ movement within a specific region or destination for a particular interest. Following
the definitions, special interest tourism can be categorized as a mainstream tourism that focuses on specific
44
2. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol 2, No.3, 2012
field in small scales and not in general. The SIT product is high yielding and labour intensive that
requires experts of the service providers and interpreters, as ‘thousands of unusual travel opportunities
worldwide’ (Hall, 1989: 81). The special interest tourism is contributing to the economy and helps to raise
several niche markets. Special interest tourists express an aspiration for real experiences and authenticity
which allow them lively recognition with host communities in a non-exploitative manner and Tourists’
involvement with special interest activities becomes a platform to provide the way of finding personal
fulfilment (Stebbins, 1982). SIT is ethical and sustainable tourism as the tourist experiences are not be
gained at the cost of damaging the qualities if a society which made the experience possible (Ritcher, 1989).
The special interest tourism is a growing segment in the global travel and tourism market (Frommer, 1988).
Still, the number of special interest tourist remains low compared with those of mass tourism and the issue
of volume is a fundamental problem of sustainability in tourism (Wheeler, 1991). However, special
interest tourism is booming in and a substantial market proportion is attracting high-income earners who
prefer long and expensive tours characterized by diversity and challenge (Alpine, 1986). The ties between
special interest tourism and the environment have developed in several phases around the middle of the
twentieth century and thus developing the typologies like ecotourism, nature-based tourism or wildlife
tourism under one umbrella (Hudman, 1991).
Ecotourism as SIT: Ecotourism is a variety of nature based special interest tourism. The International
Ecotourism Society (TIES) has defined ecotourism as travel to natural areas that is responsible towards
environmental conservation and sustains the host community’s wellbeing (TIES, 2011). Ecotourism is a
sub-branch of tourism centred on the tourist’s desire for engagement in a relatively nature based
environment where the tourists and the supporting facilities have lower impact on the environment (Rymer,
1992). In general, ecotourism as the special interest tourism has some specific features, like: services or
products based on nature, dynamic management for reducing environmental blows, a component of
environment education and contribution towards the conservation of natural environment through closer
liaison with the host communities (Buckley, 2003). Forests and natural reserves are rapidly becoming
tourism products due to the wider interests of tourists and their involvement. The building of environment
friendly resorts and hotels across the world represent the growth of ecotourism markets and the tourist’s
awareness for the preservation of environment in sustainable ways. ‘Tour operators choose the
accommodation, the range of excursions, the routes, the choice of airline and the prices’ (Middleton and
Clarke, 2001: 13). A significant number of ecotourism destinations in developing countries lack modern
tourist facilities. Ecotourism in these countries are beneficial in many ways, mainly contributing to the
indigenous livelihood, employment generation, small scale linkage tourism business development (souvenir
items, food shop, eco-products etc.), and reducing the dependency on single economic sector. Thus, in
general ecotourism helps the local economy in great ways (Campbell, 1999).
Eco-tourists’ Characteristics and the ‘Package Tour’: Ecotourists are not homogeneous groups, but
rather a group which differ across a number of different dimensions (Fennell, 2002). The typologies of
ecotourists can vary. They are hardcore nature tourists like scientific researchers, dedicated nature tourists
like those people interested in the cultural and natural history of protected areas, mainstream nature tourists
are those who have interest in atypical trip and casual nature tourists like those people who participate
nature by the way (Lindberg, 1991). Again, ecotourists are clustered in another five different groups
45
3. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol 2, No.3, 2012
according to their characteristics. These are ‘nature exclusive’, ‘social and nature oriented’, ‘autonomous
and nature oriented’, enthusiastic generalists’ and ‘less passionate’ (Wallace and Smith, 1997). Ecotourists
are more adventuresome and dynamic to choose the activities. Ecotourists prefer outdoor attractions like
parks, wilderness, protected and rural areas (Kretchman and Eagles, 1990). The ecotourists are
allocentric-midcentric in character and prefer authentic experiences (Weaver, 1998). Tourism packages
are the mainly designed for the educated and affluent visitors. These packages are largely consumed by
the international tourists. Thomas Cook organized an early form of package tour on the 5th July, 1841.
The route was between Leicester and Loughborough with a distance of twelve miles and the means of
transportation was open carriage train (Thomascook, 2011). In recent times, the package tour is a rapidly
expanding product in the ecotourism market (Laws, 1997) as prices for the tour are set to match the
competition rather than undercut them (Holloway, 2004). Research has shown that lower price (compared
to competition) often leads to the consumer perception of the product/service being of inferior quality (Rao
and Monroe, 1989 as cited in Darke and Chung, 2005).
The Case Study Site: The word ‘Sundar’ stands for beautiful and ‘Bans’ means jungle-the Sundarbans
denotes the ‘Beautiful Jungle’. The Sundarbans is the world’s largest littoral mangrove forest and is one
of the largest such forests in the world. All the data shown in this section are produced by the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2011). Total area of this forest is
around 600,000 hectares, almost two-third of which is in Bangladesh and the rest is in India. In 1997 an
area of about 140,000 hectares was declared as the World Heritage Site. The Sundarbans is adorned with
natural and tidal waterways, rivers, canals, muddy flats and salinity based small islands. The Sundori,
Gewa, the Nypa palm and other twenty seven nearly extinct mangrove species mainly dominate the
Sundarbans. The forest has almost 334 species of flora and 375 species of fauna; including 260 bird
species, the world famous Royal Bengal Tigers, some threatened species like estuarine crocodiles and the
Indian Pythons. The Sundarbans is the roaming area of the largest populations of the Royal Bengal Tiger
in the world. Spotted deer, the nearly extinct mugger crocodile, the wild cats, the wild boar and wild cat
species are ever wonders to the tourists. The Sundarbans can posses all beauties to become the paradise
for eco-tourists. To get glimpses of wild lives and the undemanding life of local inhabitants: fishermen,
the Bawalis (wood cutter), the Mouwalis (honey collector) and other functioning indigenous forest workers,
Heron point, Dublar Char and Katka are regarded as the central spots.
Tourism in Bangladesh Perspective: To predict tourism and travel situation in Bangladesh by 2020, the
World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) has relied on the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs). By 2020,
in Bangladeshi Gross Domestic Production (GDP), the personal travel, demand and contribution of travel &
tourism will grow by 7.6%, 7.0% and 6.4%, respectively. Again in 2011, Bangladesh is expected to earn
BDTk 6.6 billion from international tourists spending and the expected number of international visitors is
443,000. The forecasted international tourist arrival by 2021 is expected to rise at 630,000, indicating the
annual increase of 3.6% per annum with earning of BDTK 13.5bn (WTTC, 2011). The tourism
potentiality of Bangladesh is globally recognized and she is ranked on the number one position in the
‘Lonely Planet Best-Value Destinations 2011’. The Lonely Planet is a production of the British
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Broadcasting Corporation and is world’s most popular tourist publication (Lonely Planet, 2011). The Royal
Bengal Tiger, mangrove vegetation, spotted deer, crocodile and diverse bird life are an attractive destination
for ecotours and ecotourism is considered to become the most feasible and promising area of development for
the Sundarbans (Hussain and Acharya, 1994). However, data indicates that the year based increase of
ecotourists number in the Sundarbans is upward with relatively lower contribution of international tourists.
According to Iqball et. al., (2010), the figures represent that in the year of 2006-2007, the Sundarbans was
visited by the highest number of tourists, both domestic and international with 2083 and 94,745, respectively.
While the number was slightly dropped in the later years. The reason for this trend can be identified as the
temporary political turmoil in Bangladesh that gradually improved later on and is reflected on the growth of
WTTC (2011) data. In general, the number of ecotourists to the Sundarbans, in comparison with the gross
total international tourist arrivals in Bangladesh is very low. One main reason is the lack of quality
packaged tours. This package tour is expected to meet the demand for internal ecotourists and to ensure
more participation.
Methodology: This is qualitative study has employed techniques used in the ‘Participant Observation’
research approach as the personal observation and informal interviews. The informal interviews were
unstructured followed by open ended discussions with respondents based on randomized selection. The
researcher stayed in the Sundarbans forest area in between the time frame of February 2011 till August,
2011 for this research purpose. Following randomized selection, the researcher had unstructured and open
ended interviews with ten tourists and ten forest dependent people to understand their perceptions and mind
set about the package tours in the Sundarbans. Total number of these informal interviews was twenty,
regardless of gender, nationality, and age or profession category. On the other side, due to the attachment
of ecological issues, this study has largely depended on the extended review of literatures including
newspaper articles or editorials, journal articles, online information, published official reports as secondary
source of data and information.
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Figure: Case Study Site - the Sundarbans -Bangladesh Part. (Source: Modified from the World Wide Fund
for Nature, 2011)
Findings and Discussions: The findings have ben diversified and covered wider angles. Eight out of
the ten tourists argued that they liked to visit the Sundarbans as a special interest tourism activity.
However all of the five domestic tourists those were interviewed opined that they had a great desire to visit
the place for long time and they were very much satisfied to get the chance. One of the respondents was
very much overwhelmed and answered ‘I can realize now what I have missed so far’. All of the
domestic respondents answered that this was their first visit to the Sundarbans. On the other hand, the
international tourists asserted on the publicity of the Sundarbans. This site was not well advertised in the
global media. Nine out of the ten interviewees coined that the existing transportation network to the forest
was not in satisfactory level. They emphasized on the easy this and the enhanced facilities for the tourists.
Surprisingly, all of the ten respondents argued that an all inclusive package tour would be very much
appreciated by them. The Swedish tourist said, ‘even I am willing to pay whatever the expenses for a well
organized package tour’. The main reason behind this expectation was that the lack of service providers
for the tourists. On this point, one of the respondents answered ‘I do not really understand the reason for
not involving the private sector to operate tours in the Sundarbans’. On the other side, all of the forest
dependent respondents answered that tourism can bring positive impacts on the sources of providing their
livelihood. A wood collector who was an interviewee responded, ‘We cannot get the right price of our
produced products...we definitely welcome tourists those will help to support our livelihood.’ Based on
the findings and following the extended format of the 7W’s of what, who, where, which mode of
transportation, what arrangements for accommodation and entertainments, what measures for
sustainability and pollution control, what price- this section will attempt to outline the product of the study
and to answer these queries. The tourism product will be an all inclusive ‘Four Day Package Tour’ to the
Sundarbans. The product is expected to attract the high spending domestic and international ecotourists as
well as general tourists will also be welcomed. Reasons for this prediction are discussed in later section of
the essay. Destination of the tour is the Sundarbans of Bangladesh. The Sundarbans- the world’s one of
the widely known forests, posses the capability to become the global hub for ecotourism. For the tropical
climate, opportunities for cruising and boating, forest ecology, exceptional population of wildlife, unspoiled
beaches throughout along the Bay of Bengal and around some islands, indigenous collectors of forest
produce, cultural annual festivals and diverse culture (Moss, 1993). Six key ecologically important sites
of the forest namely Katka Tiger Point, Katka-Kachikhali, Dubla Island, Nil Komol, Mandarbaria and
Koromjal highlight the flora and fauna of the Sundarbans. The travel route for the package tour between
Khulna and the Sundarbans refers better popularity by the tourists as mentioned by most of the tourists.
As expected by the local forest dependent populations, the tour would be designed as harmless to the
ecological set up and their sources of livelihood. Ecotourists are those who positively contribute the
sustainability and conservation of a tourist destination through the presence along with visiting the wild
lives and indigenous livelihood (Swarbrooke, 1999).
Issues of Marketing:
Competitiveness of the Product: The packaged eco-tours are aimed to target more international than
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domestic ecotourists. Governments of developing countries treat the international tourists as the key
imperative tourism market area. Because, in comparison with the domestic tourists, these tourists hang
about longer time at a destination, splurge more, use expensive accommodation and transport and fetch
currency that positively contributes to the host country’s international financial circumstances (Middleton
and Clarke, 2001). The product can target ecotourists and ‘Green Consumers’ from the United
Kingdom and the United States of America. In USA, 67% general and 76% experienced ecotourists are
in the 25-54 age group with equal participation of both male and female (Backman and Potts, 1993). They
are middle income group and 35% of them belong to managerial or professional class. 96% of practised
ecotourists are either college educated or have a degree (Cook, et al., 1992). Considering the behavioural
trends, the American people are eager to pay 5% to 10% added prices to buy ecofriendly products
(Coddington, 1990). The package tour is likely to frame market strategies those will emphasize the
Sundarbans to become the destination for global ecotourists for relaxation and recharge. Data shows that
ecotourists are most likely to be childless or ‘empty-nesters’ visitors (Reingold, 1993). Hence, based upon
theories and observations, the packaged tours can also target group family visits and these can be the ideal
family package tours. As a river based country, river cruise is not uncommon in Bangladesh. The
river cruises so far in Bangladesh are identified as short-haul journeys, mainly limited within the
river area and a one day concept. The packaged tours are basically the updated concept of river
cruise and all inclusive those normally consider hospitality, comfort and overall satisfaction of the
tourists as key factors for success. There is a close link between the nature and literatures. Students,
researchers and academics of almost all countries are expected to have heard about the Sundarbans and
have some sort of ideas in their mind regarding its features. Due to its recognition as a UNESCO natural
World Heritage Site. Tourism in Venice experiences sustainability problems and excessive pressures on
the resources for which tourists even cannot enjoy their trip. The number of tourists was 16.5 million in
comparison with only 60,209 local residents in 2009 (Visit Venice, 2011). Tours in the Sundarbans are not
considered to exceed the carrying capacity and not to ensure responsibility towards the nature or the wild
lives. Ecotourists are very often unwilling to visit some of parts of Thailand, due to pollution problems,
like solid waste, oil spillage or even noise. Data represents that almost one – third of water in Thailand is
not suitable for consumption (The World Bank, 2001). Mainly for this reason, in 20007, 83.07% of total
tourist arrivals in Thailand were for leisure activities than ecotourism (Mintel Oxygen, 2011). Tours in the
Sundarbans are also thought to ensure minimum pollution by adopting initiatives of waste storage and
recycling, technical problems reduction and noise control. Facilities like video recording to make
documentaries or short format films for free of charge can act as strengths of the tour to persuade
ecotourists to participate. Ecotourism is a sort of instructive nature based travelling experience that
significantly contributes to preserve the ecosystem as well as respect the uprightness of indigenous
communities (Scace et al., 1992). The tours should endorse ethical or moral behaviour and
responsibilities to the cultural and natural environment.
Future Marketing Development: Due to the growing consciousness and initiatives to increase the
availability of ecology based tourism services or products, the contribution of the tourism sector in national
economy is gradually rising in many countries in the world. As a result, concerned authorities and
agencies are expected to focus more on ecotourism. This will help the possible expansion of ecotourism
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market. Product of this study has significant potentiality for market development in the coming years with
the help of government’s supportive policies of the Bangladesh Tourism Policy-2009, where this has been
clearly stated in paragraph 3.1.2 that, ‘For developing ecotourism, there will be collaboration with the
ministry of environment and forest and other agencies. The government will offer close support for
ecotourism development in the Sundarbans, Chittagong hill tracts and environmentally critical areas
(MOCAT, 2011)’. The promotional and collaboration activities should focus for future market
development. Online advertisements, the interactive website and its link with global tourism guidebooks
likes; the National Geographic, Fremme, Lonely Planet etc. can be useful. In fact, a web page can become
a platform for service consumers, where they can share their ideas that help to understand the market trends
and customer’s expectations. The massive popularity of social networking sites like the Face book or
Twitter has broadened the horizon of internet advertising. Creating collaboration not only with regional
travel agents but also with major global travel agents and tour operators are beneficial. To ensure
excellent customer services, the tour should also employ graduates as guides or interpreters. In recent
years, schemes of certification and ecolabels in the tourism industry contribute to achieve higher level of
sustainability in tourism business. Environmental consciousness among the general mass population is
rising and more consumers will to choose greener products. This has made the environment one of the
key areas to gain competitive advantage and a common element of tourism’s segmenting, targeting and
positioning strategies (Font and Buckely, 2001). The tours should attempt to get international certification
for its sustainability in the global markets.
Conclusion: Findings have revealed that the ecotourism can become a popular form of special interest
tourism in the Sundarbans. Ecotourism in the Sundarbans can have huge contribution in the local
economy and thus to offer support to the local forest dependent population. Demand of a package tour has
been high among the tourists regardless of origin of nationality. The package tours developed through this
study is a symbolic ecotourism product to highlight the current overall situation and future market trends of
a Natural World Heritage Site, the Sundarbans. As this has global image and popularity among the
eco-tourists. However, ecotourism can have negative impacts leading to natural imbalances and the
packaged tours should be designed in accordance with sustainability issues. The package tours as a
special interest tourism product obviously can render enormous market potentialities through ensuring
responsibility to its delicacy, ecological set up and biodiversity. The Sundarbans is not only the world’s
largest mangrove forest. But also a Natural World Heritage Site, an ecotourism destination and the place
of touristic interaction with the local indigenous population. All of these aspects can render grounds for
future research.
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