This document discusses package eco-tourism in Bangladesh, specifically tours of the Sundarbans forest. It defines special interest tourism and eco-tourism, noting that eco-tourism focuses on engaging with nature in a sustainable way. The document outlines how package eco-tours could minimize negative impacts on natural areas while appealing to domestic and international tourists. It also reviews literature on eco-tourist characteristics and trends showing growth in nature-based tourism.
11.[44 52]marketing aspects of package tour as a special interest tourism pro...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study about developing package tours for ecotourism in the Sundarbans natural area of Bangladesh. The study conducted interviews with tourists and local residents to understand perceptions of package tours. Results showed that tourists and locals were receptive to well-organized package tours that could support the local economy while minimizing environmental impacts. The document then outlines a proposed 4-day package tour of the Sundarbans that could attract both domestic and international tourists while promoting sustainable tourism practices.
11.marketing aspects of package tour as a special interest tourism product ca...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study about developing package tours for ecotourism in the Sundarbans Natural World Heritage Site in Bangladesh. The study conducted interviews to understand perceptions of tourists and local communities about package tours. Key findings were that tourists enjoyed visiting Sundarbans as a special interest activity and domestic tourists were seeing it for the first time. Both tourists and locals supported the idea of inclusive package tours. The document then outlines a proposed 4-day package tour for Sundarbans, addressing logistics like transportation, accommodations, and sustainability measures, with the goal of attracting domestic and international ecotourists.
Ecotourism and sustainable development in kenya paper finaltomngunyi
This document provides an overview of ecotourism and sustainable development in Kenya. It discusses the meaning and principles of ecotourism, as well as sustainable tourism development. It then examines the growth of ecotourism in Kenya, including its history and key organizations involved. Protected areas that support ecotourism are also reviewed. The document analyzes the impacts and challenges of ecotourism in Kenya, and discusses eco-rating of lodges and a case study of an eco-rated lodge.
The document discusses ecotourism, which involves traveling to natural areas to study and experience cultural and environmental aspects in a sustainable way. Ecotourism has three key components: being natural-based through activities like wildlife viewing, camping, and swimming; being sustainable by limiting tourist numbers and environmental impact; and being educational by developing visitors' knowledge and appreciation of natural environments. The future of ecotourism depends on maintaining its core principles of experiencing, educating, and encouraging environmental protection.
This document summarizes a research paper on how environmental factors impact tourism management and promotion of sustainable development. It discusses five key domains: 1) behavioral patterns related to nature-based tourism, 2) tourism investments and infrastructure development, 3) impacts of natural disasters and environmental degradation, 4) resource conservation and climate change, and 5) developing tourism-friendly urban planning models. The objective is to explore how consideration of environmental issues can help balance tourism demand and supply to achieve sustainable tourism development.
The document discusses sustainable tourism and ecotourism. It defines the different types of environment as the natural environment, built environment, and sociocultural environment. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. The criteria for ecotourism includes being environmentally friendly, appreciating nature/culture, promoting conservation, minimizing visitor impact, and contributing to local socioeconomics. Issues with ecotourism include environmental impacts from large tourist numbers and lack of local community participation. The document also discusses ecotourism in Malaysia and common ecotourism activities.
Role of eco tourism in achieving sustainable developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses the role of ecotourism in achieving sustainable development. It defines ecotourism as a form of low-impact tourism that involves visiting natural areas to study and enjoy nature and culture, while improving environmental conservation and local well-being. Sustainable development seeks economic systems with little resource consumption and ecological damage. Ecotourism can contribute to conservation, sustain local communities, include education, require responsible action, and rely on small, renewable resource-friendly businesses. The principles of ecotourism are to minimize impacts and build environmental/cultural awareness, while providing benefits to both visitors and locals. Ecotourism's goal is to ensure socio-economic development and natural/cultural landscape protection through
The roles of tourists, tourism operators, and local communities are important for supporting sustainable tourism.
Tourists can choose sustainable tourism by paying slightly higher fees, which encourages conservation. Operators influence consumer choices and work with suppliers and destinations to further sustainability. They provide information to tourists and limit impacts.
Local communities are directly involved through jobs, services, and partnerships with operators. They share economic and cultural benefits, and regulate visiting areas to protect resources and promote sustainable development. All parties aim to respect cultures and environments while achieving economic goals.
11.[44 52]marketing aspects of package tour as a special interest tourism pro...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study about developing package tours for ecotourism in the Sundarbans natural area of Bangladesh. The study conducted interviews with tourists and local residents to understand perceptions of package tours. Results showed that tourists and locals were receptive to well-organized package tours that could support the local economy while minimizing environmental impacts. The document then outlines a proposed 4-day package tour of the Sundarbans that could attract both domestic and international tourists while promoting sustainable tourism practices.
11.marketing aspects of package tour as a special interest tourism product ca...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study about developing package tours for ecotourism in the Sundarbans Natural World Heritage Site in Bangladesh. The study conducted interviews to understand perceptions of tourists and local communities about package tours. Key findings were that tourists enjoyed visiting Sundarbans as a special interest activity and domestic tourists were seeing it for the first time. Both tourists and locals supported the idea of inclusive package tours. The document then outlines a proposed 4-day package tour for Sundarbans, addressing logistics like transportation, accommodations, and sustainability measures, with the goal of attracting domestic and international ecotourists.
Ecotourism and sustainable development in kenya paper finaltomngunyi
This document provides an overview of ecotourism and sustainable development in Kenya. It discusses the meaning and principles of ecotourism, as well as sustainable tourism development. It then examines the growth of ecotourism in Kenya, including its history and key organizations involved. Protected areas that support ecotourism are also reviewed. The document analyzes the impacts and challenges of ecotourism in Kenya, and discusses eco-rating of lodges and a case study of an eco-rated lodge.
The document discusses ecotourism, which involves traveling to natural areas to study and experience cultural and environmental aspects in a sustainable way. Ecotourism has three key components: being natural-based through activities like wildlife viewing, camping, and swimming; being sustainable by limiting tourist numbers and environmental impact; and being educational by developing visitors' knowledge and appreciation of natural environments. The future of ecotourism depends on maintaining its core principles of experiencing, educating, and encouraging environmental protection.
This document summarizes a research paper on how environmental factors impact tourism management and promotion of sustainable development. It discusses five key domains: 1) behavioral patterns related to nature-based tourism, 2) tourism investments and infrastructure development, 3) impacts of natural disasters and environmental degradation, 4) resource conservation and climate change, and 5) developing tourism-friendly urban planning models. The objective is to explore how consideration of environmental issues can help balance tourism demand and supply to achieve sustainable tourism development.
The document discusses sustainable tourism and ecotourism. It defines the different types of environment as the natural environment, built environment, and sociocultural environment. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. The criteria for ecotourism includes being environmentally friendly, appreciating nature/culture, promoting conservation, minimizing visitor impact, and contributing to local socioeconomics. Issues with ecotourism include environmental impacts from large tourist numbers and lack of local community participation. The document also discusses ecotourism in Malaysia and common ecotourism activities.
Role of eco tourism in achieving sustainable developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses the role of ecotourism in achieving sustainable development. It defines ecotourism as a form of low-impact tourism that involves visiting natural areas to study and enjoy nature and culture, while improving environmental conservation and local well-being. Sustainable development seeks economic systems with little resource consumption and ecological damage. Ecotourism can contribute to conservation, sustain local communities, include education, require responsible action, and rely on small, renewable resource-friendly businesses. The principles of ecotourism are to minimize impacts and build environmental/cultural awareness, while providing benefits to both visitors and locals. Ecotourism's goal is to ensure socio-economic development and natural/cultural landscape protection through
The roles of tourists, tourism operators, and local communities are important for supporting sustainable tourism.
Tourists can choose sustainable tourism by paying slightly higher fees, which encourages conservation. Operators influence consumer choices and work with suppliers and destinations to further sustainability. They provide information to tourists and limit impacts.
Local communities are directly involved through jobs, services, and partnerships with operators. They share economic and cultural benefits, and regulate visiting areas to protect resources and promote sustainable development. All parties aim to respect cultures and environments while achieving economic goals.
John Cusick, Assistant Specialist at the UHM Environmental Center, discusses the current unsustainability of Hawaii tourism, and presents examples from Hawaii and abroad of how that might be changed. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-29.
Ecotourism aims to conserve the environment and support local communities by minimizing negative impacts. It focuses on experiencing natural areas and learning about local cultures in a sustainable way. Kerala, India has great potential for ecotourism due to its beaches, backwaters, forests, and biodiversity. The government of Kerala is promoting ecotourism by identifying spots in forests to develop with activities like trekking and birdwatching, in a way that benefits local communities and conservation. While tourism provides economic benefits, its impacts must be carefully managed to avoid environmental degradation and cultural changes.
Ecotourism involves sustainable travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves local welfare. It has advantages like economic development and environmental protection, but can negatively impact communities if not managed properly. The document recommends strategic planning, environmental assessments, benefit sharing, public awareness campaigns, and trained staff to minimize ecotourism's disadvantages and maximize local benefits in a sustainable manner.
what is ecotourism and why this is important for our environment??this is very useful for the local communities. we can able to conserve the ecosystem and the rare and in danger plant present in the ecosystem. Different ecotourism places and their advantages disadvantages and why we should go for the ecotourism.
This document provides an overview of ecotourism, including its definition, relationship to mainstream tourism, philosophical basis in ecology and human ecology, and potential problems and benefits. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. It is considered a form of sustainable tourism that is nature-based and focuses on experiencing natural areas while having low environmental impact. Ecotourism distinguishes itself from mainstream tourism by additionally emphasizing environmental and cultural sustainability as well as local community involvement.
The document discusses the key components and considerations of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as having three main components: natural-based activities, education of visitors, and sustainable management. The natural-based component involves nature-focused activities and experiences. The education component aims to increase visitors' understanding and appreciation of the natural environment. The sustainable management component emphasizes environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. The document also examines factors like the local community's involvement, potential impacts, and how revenue can support conservation efforts.
Kedar Acharya Thesis on Ecotourism Final pdf versonKedar Acharya
This document provides background information on tourism in Nepal. It discusses how tourism has grown significantly in recent decades and is now a major source of revenue, especially for countries facing natural resource challenges like Nepal. Nepal has great potential for tourism due to its natural beauty, including the Himalayas, and cultural and religious sites. The document then discusses Makawanpur Gadhi, a historic fort located in central Nepal that could be developed for tourism but currently lacks proper promotion and conservation. The objectives of the study are to explore the socio-economic and cultural aspects of the area, identify major tourist attractions, and analyze the prospects and challenges of ecotourism development.
ECOTOURISM is for protection of wild life and as well environment..it creates more opportunities to indigenous peoples,promoting ecotourism leads to employment opportunities,
Ecotourism has the potential to benefit Namibia's environment and local communities through sustainable travel. It focuses on experiencing nature while supporting conservation and providing economic opportunities for local residents. Namibia could attract more ecotourists by investing in community-based tourism, building more wilderness accommodations, and hosting international festivals that celebrate Namibia's natural beauty and culture. Ecotourism may contribute to Namibia's 2030 goals by decreasing poverty, increasing tourism, and fostering collaboration between communities, conservation groups, and the government.
The document discusses ecotourism and defines it as "purposeful travel to natural areas to understand culture and nature while protecting ecosystems and benefiting local communities." It notes that ecotourism aims to conserve resources, respect local people and culture, and ensure economic and social benefits. The South African definition emphasizes benefiting local communities near protected areas through promoting appropriate development and social justice.
The document discusses various concepts related to sustainable tourism development and managing its environmental impacts, including conservation, preservation, environmental impact assessment (EIA), carrying capacity, and zoning. It defines these terms and describes their importance in tourism planning and management to minimize negative impacts on the environment and ensure sustainable development.
Village Ecotourism Development at Tekela, Betung Kerihun National Park - Indonesia
Tekelan is a site within the utilization zone of Betung Kerihun National Park located at Embaloh’s 7,170 ha watershed area. Betung Kerihun National Park is part of the largest and richest biodiversity conservation area located within the ‘Heart of Borneo’. Tekelan not only offers physical and biological attraction and provides lessons for visitors, but it is also able to provide a more wholesome cultural experience by interacting with the people living within the area. It is the Dayak people who live in the village of Sadap; the last village before heading to Tekelan that is expected to be able to convey this experience and at the same time gains a balanced advantage from the eco-tourism development of the Tekelan site.
in Indonesia
Tekelan adalah situs dalam zona pemanfaatan Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun terletak di 7170 ha DAS Embaloh ini. Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun merupakan bagian dari kawasan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati terbesar dan terkaya yang terletak di dalam 'Heart of Borneo'. Tekelan tidak hanya menawarkan daya tarik fisik dan biologis dan memberikan pelajaran bagi pengunjung, tetapi juga mampu memberikan pengalaman budaya yang lebih sehat dengan berinteraksi dengan orang-orang yang tinggal di wilayah. Ini adalah orang-orang Dayak yang tinggal di desa Sadap; desa terakhir sebelum menuju ke Tekelan yang diharapkan dapat menyampaikan pengalaman ini dan pada saat yang sama keuntungan keuntungan yang seimbang dari pengembangan ekowisata dari situs Tekelan.
The document discusses ecotourism, defining it as responsible travel that conserves the environment and improves welfare of local communities. It explores who participates in ecotourism, including tourists who are often college-educated aged 35-54, staying in small accommodations while participating in activities like nature tours and cultural experiences. Ecotourism benefits local environments, economies, and visitors through small-scale and sustainable travel practices.
Ecotourism: One Means of Attempting to Achieve Sustainability?Jelodar جلودار
Ecotourism aims to achieve sustainability by conserving the environment and improving livelihoods of local communities. It is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that minimizes impacts and provides benefits to conservation and local people. For ecotourism to be authentic, it must involve travel to natural areas, build environmental awareness, provide financial benefits to conservation and local communities, and respect local cultures. However, challenges include ensuring local control and benefits, managing scale of tourism, and protecting local cultures from negative impacts. Strategies to achieve ecotourism principles include keeping operations small-scale, prioritizing conservation, ensuring benefits are shared fairly, and gaining government support for local communities.
Contribution of social environmental organisations in supporting sustainable...NURUL HAZWANI HUSNA RAZLAN
Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) supports sustainable tourism by working to improve forest and wildlife conservation policies, promote sustainable farming practices, address environmental degradation, and advocate for climate justice and renewable energy. The Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) contributes through conservation initiatives, environmental education, and operating nature parks and education centers. UNESCO promotes sustainable tourism at World Heritage sites by facilitating stakeholder cooperation, empowering local communities, and providing guidance tools for site managers.
Ppt ecotourism and poverty alleviation mina gabortourismregion3
This document discusses the growth of ecotourism and its benefits. It defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that encourages environmental education and conservation while improving lives of local communities. Factors that led to ecotourism's development in the 1970s-80s included writings on conservation and travel, and trends showing tourism's potential to generate funds for conservation and local economic development. The Philippines has recognized ecotourism's importance and hosted the 2002 World Expo on the theme of "Ecotourism Growing with Nature." Ecotourism provides environmental, social and economic benefits when practiced responsibly.
Ecotourism has grown rapidly in Costa Rica, the Galapagos Islands, and Tanzania. While it aims to promote environmental conservation and local economic development, its actual impacts are mixed. In the Galapagos, most tourism industry profits go to foreign operators rather than local communities. Both mass tourism and ecotourism can enable development but also negatively impact the environment. Costa Rica has had more success with ecotourism due to stable government and environmental protections. However, all tourist activities impact the environment to some degree. Mexico faces environmental problems from tourism like water pollution, but ecotourism could help by focusing on learning from and preserving culture and nature.
When tourism getting momentum globally, a concern irks locally is – is tourism really benefitting the common people in destinations? When ordinary people are forced to jeopardize their convenience for the pleasures of travelers and tour operators, a lion part of the income generated from tourism goes to minority business players. Even though these natural attractions are to be equally enjoyed by all, this paradox remain prevails. Here the novel concept Responsible Tourism (RT) tries to answer many of our apprehensions. This paper reiterates that RT initiative – a strategy to accomplish economic, social and environmental objectives simultaneously shall be the approach for destination management. The Sustainable Tourism Products (STP) and Community Based Tourism (CBT) products emerge as a new strategy for destination marketing, and this Cause Related Marketing (CRM) totally in line with pro-poor, inclusive, and sustainable development concepts creates a win-win situation among community, tourists and industry.
Keywords: Responsible Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT) Product, Sustainable Tourism Product (STP), Destination Management, Destination Marketing, and Cause Related Marketing (CRM)
John Cusick, Assistant Specialist at the UHM Environmental Center, discusses the current unsustainability of Hawaii tourism, and presents examples from Hawaii and abroad of how that might be changed. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-29.
Ecotourism aims to conserve the environment and support local communities by minimizing negative impacts. It focuses on experiencing natural areas and learning about local cultures in a sustainable way. Kerala, India has great potential for ecotourism due to its beaches, backwaters, forests, and biodiversity. The government of Kerala is promoting ecotourism by identifying spots in forests to develop with activities like trekking and birdwatching, in a way that benefits local communities and conservation. While tourism provides economic benefits, its impacts must be carefully managed to avoid environmental degradation and cultural changes.
Ecotourism involves sustainable travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves local welfare. It has advantages like economic development and environmental protection, but can negatively impact communities if not managed properly. The document recommends strategic planning, environmental assessments, benefit sharing, public awareness campaigns, and trained staff to minimize ecotourism's disadvantages and maximize local benefits in a sustainable manner.
what is ecotourism and why this is important for our environment??this is very useful for the local communities. we can able to conserve the ecosystem and the rare and in danger plant present in the ecosystem. Different ecotourism places and their advantages disadvantages and why we should go for the ecotourism.
This document provides an overview of ecotourism, including its definition, relationship to mainstream tourism, philosophical basis in ecology and human ecology, and potential problems and benefits. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. It is considered a form of sustainable tourism that is nature-based and focuses on experiencing natural areas while having low environmental impact. Ecotourism distinguishes itself from mainstream tourism by additionally emphasizing environmental and cultural sustainability as well as local community involvement.
The document discusses the key components and considerations of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as having three main components: natural-based activities, education of visitors, and sustainable management. The natural-based component involves nature-focused activities and experiences. The education component aims to increase visitors' understanding and appreciation of the natural environment. The sustainable management component emphasizes environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. The document also examines factors like the local community's involvement, potential impacts, and how revenue can support conservation efforts.
Kedar Acharya Thesis on Ecotourism Final pdf versonKedar Acharya
This document provides background information on tourism in Nepal. It discusses how tourism has grown significantly in recent decades and is now a major source of revenue, especially for countries facing natural resource challenges like Nepal. Nepal has great potential for tourism due to its natural beauty, including the Himalayas, and cultural and religious sites. The document then discusses Makawanpur Gadhi, a historic fort located in central Nepal that could be developed for tourism but currently lacks proper promotion and conservation. The objectives of the study are to explore the socio-economic and cultural aspects of the area, identify major tourist attractions, and analyze the prospects and challenges of ecotourism development.
ECOTOURISM is for protection of wild life and as well environment..it creates more opportunities to indigenous peoples,promoting ecotourism leads to employment opportunities,
Ecotourism has the potential to benefit Namibia's environment and local communities through sustainable travel. It focuses on experiencing nature while supporting conservation and providing economic opportunities for local residents. Namibia could attract more ecotourists by investing in community-based tourism, building more wilderness accommodations, and hosting international festivals that celebrate Namibia's natural beauty and culture. Ecotourism may contribute to Namibia's 2030 goals by decreasing poverty, increasing tourism, and fostering collaboration between communities, conservation groups, and the government.
The document discusses ecotourism and defines it as "purposeful travel to natural areas to understand culture and nature while protecting ecosystems and benefiting local communities." It notes that ecotourism aims to conserve resources, respect local people and culture, and ensure economic and social benefits. The South African definition emphasizes benefiting local communities near protected areas through promoting appropriate development and social justice.
The document discusses various concepts related to sustainable tourism development and managing its environmental impacts, including conservation, preservation, environmental impact assessment (EIA), carrying capacity, and zoning. It defines these terms and describes their importance in tourism planning and management to minimize negative impacts on the environment and ensure sustainable development.
Village Ecotourism Development at Tekela, Betung Kerihun National Park - Indonesia
Tekelan is a site within the utilization zone of Betung Kerihun National Park located at Embaloh’s 7,170 ha watershed area. Betung Kerihun National Park is part of the largest and richest biodiversity conservation area located within the ‘Heart of Borneo’. Tekelan not only offers physical and biological attraction and provides lessons for visitors, but it is also able to provide a more wholesome cultural experience by interacting with the people living within the area. It is the Dayak people who live in the village of Sadap; the last village before heading to Tekelan that is expected to be able to convey this experience and at the same time gains a balanced advantage from the eco-tourism development of the Tekelan site.
in Indonesia
Tekelan adalah situs dalam zona pemanfaatan Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun terletak di 7170 ha DAS Embaloh ini. Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun merupakan bagian dari kawasan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati terbesar dan terkaya yang terletak di dalam 'Heart of Borneo'. Tekelan tidak hanya menawarkan daya tarik fisik dan biologis dan memberikan pelajaran bagi pengunjung, tetapi juga mampu memberikan pengalaman budaya yang lebih sehat dengan berinteraksi dengan orang-orang yang tinggal di wilayah. Ini adalah orang-orang Dayak yang tinggal di desa Sadap; desa terakhir sebelum menuju ke Tekelan yang diharapkan dapat menyampaikan pengalaman ini dan pada saat yang sama keuntungan keuntungan yang seimbang dari pengembangan ekowisata dari situs Tekelan.
The document discusses ecotourism, defining it as responsible travel that conserves the environment and improves welfare of local communities. It explores who participates in ecotourism, including tourists who are often college-educated aged 35-54, staying in small accommodations while participating in activities like nature tours and cultural experiences. Ecotourism benefits local environments, economies, and visitors through small-scale and sustainable travel practices.
Ecotourism: One Means of Attempting to Achieve Sustainability?Jelodar جلودار
Ecotourism aims to achieve sustainability by conserving the environment and improving livelihoods of local communities. It is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that minimizes impacts and provides benefits to conservation and local people. For ecotourism to be authentic, it must involve travel to natural areas, build environmental awareness, provide financial benefits to conservation and local communities, and respect local cultures. However, challenges include ensuring local control and benefits, managing scale of tourism, and protecting local cultures from negative impacts. Strategies to achieve ecotourism principles include keeping operations small-scale, prioritizing conservation, ensuring benefits are shared fairly, and gaining government support for local communities.
Contribution of social environmental organisations in supporting sustainable...NURUL HAZWANI HUSNA RAZLAN
Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) supports sustainable tourism by working to improve forest and wildlife conservation policies, promote sustainable farming practices, address environmental degradation, and advocate for climate justice and renewable energy. The Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) contributes through conservation initiatives, environmental education, and operating nature parks and education centers. UNESCO promotes sustainable tourism at World Heritage sites by facilitating stakeholder cooperation, empowering local communities, and providing guidance tools for site managers.
Ppt ecotourism and poverty alleviation mina gabortourismregion3
This document discusses the growth of ecotourism and its benefits. It defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that encourages environmental education and conservation while improving lives of local communities. Factors that led to ecotourism's development in the 1970s-80s included writings on conservation and travel, and trends showing tourism's potential to generate funds for conservation and local economic development. The Philippines has recognized ecotourism's importance and hosted the 2002 World Expo on the theme of "Ecotourism Growing with Nature." Ecotourism provides environmental, social and economic benefits when practiced responsibly.
Ecotourism has grown rapidly in Costa Rica, the Galapagos Islands, and Tanzania. While it aims to promote environmental conservation and local economic development, its actual impacts are mixed. In the Galapagos, most tourism industry profits go to foreign operators rather than local communities. Both mass tourism and ecotourism can enable development but also negatively impact the environment. Costa Rica has had more success with ecotourism due to stable government and environmental protections. However, all tourist activities impact the environment to some degree. Mexico faces environmental problems from tourism like water pollution, but ecotourism could help by focusing on learning from and preserving culture and nature.
When tourism getting momentum globally, a concern irks locally is – is tourism really benefitting the common people in destinations? When ordinary people are forced to jeopardize their convenience for the pleasures of travelers and tour operators, a lion part of the income generated from tourism goes to minority business players. Even though these natural attractions are to be equally enjoyed by all, this paradox remain prevails. Here the novel concept Responsible Tourism (RT) tries to answer many of our apprehensions. This paper reiterates that RT initiative – a strategy to accomplish economic, social and environmental objectives simultaneously shall be the approach for destination management. The Sustainable Tourism Products (STP) and Community Based Tourism (CBT) products emerge as a new strategy for destination marketing, and this Cause Related Marketing (CRM) totally in line with pro-poor, inclusive, and sustainable development concepts creates a win-win situation among community, tourists and industry.
Keywords: Responsible Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT) Product, Sustainable Tourism Product (STP), Destination Management, Destination Marketing, and Cause Related Marketing (CRM)
Ecotourism can have both positive and negative socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts on destinations. Positively, it can increase financial opportunities for local communities, preserve natural habitats, and promote cultural pride and awareness of environmental issues. However, large tourist volumes can damage fragile ecosystems, introduce foreign values that weaken indigenous cultures, and increase costs of living in local communities. Proper management strategies are needed to maximize ecotourism's benefits while minimizing its risks and downsides.
Here is a summary of the positive and negative effects of ecotourism:
Positive Effects:
- Generates income and employment for local communities from tourism activities like guiding tours. This enhances economic development.
- Raises environmental awareness among both locals and tourists through interpretation and education. This fosters conservation values.
- Sustains local traditions and culture by showcasing them to visitors. This boosts cultural pride.
- Funds generated support conservation of natural areas that attract ecotourists. This aids protection of biodiversity.
Negative Effects:
- Overcrowding at popular ecotourism sites can degrade the environment through pollution, litter, and trampling of vegetation.
- Large visitor numbers may
This document provides an overview of ecotourism principles and classifications. It discusses various systems for classifying ecotourism, including on spectrums from shallow to deep and from hard to soft. Deep ecotourism emphasizes minimizing human impacts and respecting indigenous cultures, while shallow ecotourism treats nature as something for human entertainment. The document also outlines 20 key principles of ecotourism, such as environmental sustainability, community participation, and economic benefits. Finally, it compares ecotourism to related forms of tourism and discusses terms like sustainable tourism, greenwashing, and responsible travel.
The Factors Influencing IndividualsGroups to Undertake Tours T.docxtodd771
The Factors Influencing Individuals/Groups to Undertake Tours: The Case of Selected Individuals in Mombasa County
Introduction
Tourism in Kenya is one of the largest source of foreign exchange, only second to Agriculture. The main attractions are wildlife, athletes, game reserves and beautiful sceneries in Kenya. Mombasa County is one of the leading tourist attraction areas in Kenya both by locals and foreigners. Lee Jolliffe, in her book Tea and Tourism: Tourists, Traditions and Transformations, argues that
Kenyan
tourism hasn’t developed on its conservation of natural resources, though “beach tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, sports tourism all form part of the portfolio” (Jolliffe, 2007). Kenya won the Best Leisure Destination award at the World Travel Fair in Shanghai, China, in April 2008. The permanent secretary in Kenya’s Ministry of Tourism, Rebecca Nabutola, stated that the award “goes to testify that Kenya has a unique world acclaimed tourism product. The recognition will no doubt boost Kenya’s tourism and enhance its profile as a leading tourist destination.” Mombasa County is one of the 47 newly created counties in Kenya comprising: Changamwe, Jomvu, Kisauni, Nyali, Likoni and Mvita constituencies with the major town being Mombasa Town which is the second largest town in Kenya.
Mombasa is an important tourism center due to its vast diversity of culture, beaches, old towns, hotels and restaurants, wildlife and economic activity. Mombasa is the original Arabic name for Mombasa and this city has an average population of about 1 million people. Mombasa is a place rich in history, yet at the same time fascinating commercial and cosmopolitan port town. Mombasa is an island connected to the mainland by bridges and ferries. The town overlooks a wide harbor, where commercial shipping mingles with traditional sailing dhows. The true heart of Mombasa is found in the exotic old town, among the narrow winding streets and Arab architecture (Magical Kenya, 2015). This paper will focus on factors affecting decision making by tourist by using Mombasa County as the case study.
Statement of the problem
Due to her high touristic potential and capacity, Mombasa’s tourism represents a fast growing sector of the economy. All over the region and the world at large, Mombasa represents an important attractive destination for many tourists who still consider it as a world prototype; consequently, the high demand has been increasing from one year to another. This strategic sector, however, still has to deal with: the large capital required to invest in this sector, poor government support, low level of technology in the country, poor infrastructure, lack of social services, diseases and natural calamities, expensive tourism facilities which may scare tourists away, environmental pollution, encroachment, terrorism and kidnapping of tourists. The Government should play the key role here by formulating legislation that support tourism and provide .
Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas in a way that minimizes negative environmental impacts and supports local communities. It aims to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, and foster respect for different cultures. For ecotourism to be successful, it must be small-scale, involve local communities, and ensure most profits stay in the local economy. However, some large-scale operations are accused of "greenwashing" by causing environmental damage while marketing themselves as ecotourism. Effective regulation and guidelines are needed to ensure ecotourism truly achieves environmental and social goals.
Ecotourism emphasizes protecting nature and promoting sustainable tourism. It involves traveling responsibly to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and improves livelihoods. While ecotourism can bring some pollution, its overall impact is more beneficial than harmful by improving quality of life, supporting conservation, and fostering cultural understanding if done sustainably. Ecotourism aims to educate travelers about ecology and environmental responsibility.
InTechRole_of_ecotourism_in_sustainable_development_.pdfSGB Media Group
This document discusses the role of ecotourism in sustainable development. It begins by defining ecotourism as a form of tourism focused on experiencing nature that provides economic opportunities for local communities. The document then discusses different definitions of ecotourism and identifies its key characteristics, such as contributing to conservation and involving local communities. It also distinguishes ecotourism from other forms of tourism like adventure tourism. Next, it explores the relationship between ecotourism and sustainable development and tourism. Finally, the document discusses standards and principles for ecotourism to promote environmental protection, socio-cultural benefits, and economic sustainability.
This document discusses ecotourism and provides background information. Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas with low environmental impact as an alternative to mass tourism. It aims to educate travelers, fund conservation efforts, and benefit local economies and cultures. Responsible ecotourism programs minimize environmental impacts, promote sustainability, and create opportunities for local communities. The literature review examines what other scholars have researched regarding ecotourism's effects on organization performance.
The Development Of Sustainability In The Tourism IndustrySheena Crouch
The document discusses the development of sustainability in the tourism industry, specifically focusing on tour operations. It aims to measure awareness levels and current practices that have enabled sustainable development. Tour operators combine travel services and sell packaged tours. This study aims to recognize plans that have enabled tour operators to remain profitable despite competition. Undifferentiated products and small margins characterize many British tour operators, with companies like Thomson, Airtours, and First Choice dominating the market.
Ecotourism has evolved over time from simply nature-based tourism and recreation. It now aims to conserve the natural environment and support local communities and economies. There are many definitions of ecotourism but most agree that it involves sustainable tourism focused on experiencing natural areas while minimizing negative impacts. Ecotourism aims to provide benefits to environmental conservation, local communities, and visitor experience through responsible and sustainable practices.
1. The document defines tourism as activities, services, and industries that deliver travel experiences including transportation, accommodations, food, retail, and entertainment for people traveling away from home.
2. Tourism involves temporary movement of people outside their normal place of work or residence, along with the activities and facilities that cater to their needs while traveling.
3. The main dimensions of tourism are attractions, natural resources, culture, facilities like lodging and food, infrastructure, and hospitality. Essential requirements for tourism include time, money, mobility, and motivation.
The Concept Of Ecotourism And Its Effects On The EnvironmentAshley Fisher
The document discusses the concept of ecotourism, defining it as environmentally conscious travel that enjoys and appreciates nature while promoting conservation and providing local socio-economic benefits. It examines claims that ecotourism minimizes the negative impacts of mass tourism and contributes to environmental preservation. The document questions whether ecotourism achieves these goals in practice or is a viable solution to environmental problems, given issues with implementation and regulations in areas where ecotourism programs operate.
Cultural and heritage tourism management; the value of cultural and heritage ...Witsathit Somrak
This research focuses on finding the value of local communities in Thailand and measuring the perception of local communities on the values of cultural heritage tourism and on the quality of life. The research scopes used in this study was to collect data from local people as a database, which was found by searching for local community values and creating a research tool to map the relationship between the values of cultural heritage tourism and activities relevant. This will be used to measure the perception of local communities in Thailand. The study found that most Thais recognise that the values of cultural heritage tourism has positive effects rather than negative effects, recognising that cultural heritage tourism has the most benefits economic impact, followed by culture, society and environment, respectively as well as the cultural heritage tourism has the most negative impact on the environment, followed by social, cultural and environmental issues.
Explanation of Tourist Attraction and Their Importance Around the World by Al...korayozguclu
A key part of tourism is attractions. They are often called “tourist attractions” because they tend to attract tourists. Tourist attractions may contribute to the economic growth of a city or nation and have a direct effect on the promotion of that region. According to Wanhill (2008), a tourist attraction is the set of tangible or intangible values associated with a country. The unique values of that country or city also add to that country's tourist attraction. For example; Native animals such as Koala and Kangaroo, which are native to Australia and only live there, add to the tourist attraction of that country.
Assessing niche tourism potentials at kit mikayi sacred site using activity b...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the niche tourism potential at Kit Mikayi Sacred Site in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study analyzed core niche tourism activities using activity-based segmentation. It found that the site attracts mostly domestic visitors for activities like climbing rocks, traditional dancing, visiting homes, and worship. Potential niche tourism identified included edutainment, photography, geology, and music/genealogy. The local community generally supports tourism development for economic opportunities, but challenges around marketing, management, and competence need addressing through partnership.
Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and benefits local people. It aims to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, benefit local economies, and foster cultural respect. However, some ecotourism ventures have negatively impacted environments and local communities through issues like overtourism, displacement of indigenous people, threats to cultures, and mismanagement of natural resources. Improving sustainability requires regulation, education, prioritizing small local businesses, and natural resource stewardship.
This document discusses environmental sustainability and sustainable tourism. It defines both terms and notes that while tourism relies on natural environments, it can also exploit them if not managed sustainably. The resource paradox is described as tourism simultaneously consuming and producing impacts on local environments. criteria for environmentally sustainable tourism are outlined, such as reducing energy and water usage. Initiatives like the Green Globe program aim to certify sustainable tourism operations and destinations. The document concludes that achieving long term balance between tourism usage and environmental protection remains an ongoing issue requiring collective leadership and consumer choice.
The impact of heritage attributes on the satisfaction of tourism in sri lankaAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the impact of heritage attributes on tourist satisfaction in Sri Lanka. It conducted surveys of 142 tourists, examining how heritage attributes like tourist packages, historical buildings, cultural villages, and entertainment relate to satisfaction factors like quality service, accessibility, reliability and responsiveness. The results found heritage attributes have a strong positive impact on tourist satisfaction, explaining 85% of satisfaction levels. Certain attributes like tourist packages had a stronger influence while others like cultural villages had a weaker impact. The study provides insights into how developing heritage attributes can enhance tourist satisfaction and the sustainability of Sri Lanka's tourism industry.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
11.special interest tourism
1. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol 2, No.1, 2012
‘Package Eco-tour’ as Special Interest Tourism
Product-Bangladesh Perspective
Azizul Hassan
Business School, University of Greenwich, London, SE10 9LS, United Kingdom
*Email for correspondence: hm087@gre.ac.uk
Abstract
In terms of visitation by tourists and issues of sustainability, the Natural World Heritage Sites are getting wider
attention in recent times. Taking into consideration as a case, Bangladesh in general, with the Sundarbans in
particular, this study has been aimed to outline the visit to this forest as a special interest tourism activity with
detailed conceptual framework and marketing approaches. This has also attempted to develop the grounds of
marketing of a ‘Package Eco-tour’ that is capable of minimising the negative impacts of tourism on such sites’
authenticity, ecological set up and biodiversity. With the unique application of the ‘Participant Observation’
approach in tourism research, the study has been based on the explanatory case study method. Results of this
study have showed that the tourists’ visit in an all inclusive package format can be practised within a delicate
and fragile natural set up that can potentially reduce the harmful negative consequences. Again, as a form of
special interest tourism, such kind of package tour represents better marketing prospects through creating appeal
to both domestic and international tourists.
Key Words: Eco-tourism, Special Interest Tourism, the Natural WHS, tourism package tour, sustainability
1. Introduction
Traditional trade of tourism always emphasises on the materialistic side of tourism facilities rather than the
authenticity in charm and enjoyment. However, Bangladesh is one of those few countries whose natural
treasures still remains unexplored and the Sundarbans is an excellent example in this case. Bangladesh offers
distinctive and delicate attractions of her own which are different from those that the tourists haunt in other
neighbouring countries. It is believed that the expansion of eco tourism activities in protected natural landscapes
including the World Heritage Sites (WHS) can create the ground for tourism promotion through the involvement
of individuals and organisations (Keitumetse, 2009; Wallace and Russell, 2004). This study has outlined the
visit of the Sundarbans as a special interest tourism activity with detailed conceptual frameworks. Additionally,
the study has also attempted to analyse the issues of marketing of the ‘Package Eco-tour’ through the
understanding of responsible management of impacts of tourism on the sites’ delicacy, ecological set up and
biodiversity. However, this study has been confined within geographical boundary of the Bangladesh part of the
Sundarbans.
2. Literature Review:
2.1 The Trends of Special Interest Tourism:
In a simple meaning, ‘Special Interest Tourism (SIT)’ refers to the touristic interest to any specific fields of
tourism. Douglas et. al., (2001) have attempted to explain this tourism typology as the custom-made
prerequisite of leisure with enjoyable experiences that is focused by specifically articulated group or individual
interests. Where, Read (1980) has opined that this tourism is related to peoples’ movement within a specific
region or destination of particular interest. Following the definitions, special interest tourism can be categorised
as mainstream tourism that focuses on specific field in small scales and not in general. The SIT product is high
yielding and labour-intensive that requires experts of the service providers and interpreters, as ‘thousands of
unusual travel opportunities worldwide’ (Hall, 1989: 81). Special interest tourism contributes to the economy
and helps to raise several niche markets. Special interest tourists express an aspiration for real experiences and
authenticity which allow them lively recognition with host communities in a non-exploitative manner and
tourists’ involvement with special interest activities becomes a platform to provide the way of finding personal
fulfilment (Stebbins, 1982). SIT is ethical and sustainable tourism as the tourist experiences are not gained at
the cost of damaging the qualities, if a society which made the experience possible (Ritcher, 1989). Special
Interest Tourism is a growing segment in the global travel and tourism market (Frommer, 1988). Still, the
number of special interest tourists remains low compared with those of mass tourists and this issue of is a
fundamental problem of sustainability in tourism (Wheeler, 1991). However, special interest tourism is
1
2. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol 2, No.1, 2012
booming and a substantial market proportion is attracting high-income earners who prefer long and expensive
tours characterized by diversity and challenge (Alpine, 1986). The ties between special interest tourism and the
environment have developed in several phases around the middle of the twentieth century, thus developing the
typologies like ecotourism, nature-based tourism or wildlife tourism under one umbrella (Hudman, 1991).
2.2 Ecotourism as SIT:
Ecotourism is a type of nature-based special interest tourism. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) has
defined ecotourism as travel to natural areas that is responsible towards environmental conservation and sustains
the host community’s well-being (TIES, 2011). Ecotourism is a sub-branch of tourism centred on the tourist’s
desire for engagement in a relatively nature-based environment where the tourist and the supporting facilities
have lower impact on the environment (Rymer, 1992). In general, ecotourism as special interest tourism has
some specific features, like: services or products based on nature, dynamic management for reducing
environmental blows, a component of environment education and contribution towards the conservation of
natural environment through closer liaison with the host communities (Buckley, 2003). Forests and natural
reserves are rapidly becoming tourism products due to the wider interests of tourists and their involvement. The
building of environment-friendly resorts and hotels across the world represents the growth of ecotourism
markets and the tourist’s awareness for the preservation of environment in sustainable ways. ‘Tour operators
choose the accommodation, the range of excursions, the routes, the choice of airline and the prices’ (Middleton
and Clarke, 2001: 13). A significant number of ecotourism destinations in developing countries lack modern
tourist facilities. Ecotourism in these countries are beneficial in many ways, mainly contributing to the
indigenous livelihood, employment generation, small scale linkage tourism business development (souvenir
items, food shop, eco-products etc.), and reducing the dependency on single economic sector. Thus, in general
ecotourism helps the local economy in great ways (Campbell, 1999).
2.3 Ecotourists’ Characteristics and the ‘Package Eco- tour’:
Ecotourists are not homogeneous groups, but rather a group which differ across a number of different
dimensions (Fennell, 2002). The typologies of ecotourists can vary. They are hardcore nature tourists like
scientific researchers, dedicated nature tourists like those people interested in the cultural and natural history of
protected areas, mainstream nature tourists are those who have interest in atypical trip and casual nature tourists
like those people who participate nature by the way (Lindberg, 1991). Again, ecotourists are clustered in
another five different groups according to their characteristics. These are ‘nature exclusive’, ‘social and nature
oriented’, ‘autonomous and nature oriented’, enthusiastic generalists’ and ‘less passionate’ (Wallace and Smith,
1997). Ecotourists are more adventuresome and dynamic to choose activities. Ecotourists prefer outdoor
attractions like parks, wilderness, protected and rural areas (Kretchman and Eagles, 1990). They are allocentric-
midcentric in character and prefer authentic experiences (Weaver, 1998). Tourism packages are mainly
designed for the educated and affluent visitors. These packages are largely consumed by international tourists.
Thomas Cook organised an early form of package tour on the 5th of July, 1841. The route was between
Leicester and Loughborough with a distance of twelve miles and the means of transportation was open carriage
train (Thomascook, 2011). In recent times, the package tour is a rapidly expanding product in the ecotourism
market (Laws, 1997) as prices for the tour are set to match the competition rather than undercut them
(Holloway, 2004). Research has shown that lower price (compared to competition) often leads to the consumer
perception of the product/service being of inferior quality (Rao and Monroe, 1989 as cited in Darke and Chung,
2005).
2.4 Tourism in Bangladesh:
To predict tourism and travel situation in Bangladesh by 2020, the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
has relied on the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs). By 2020, in Bangladeshi Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
the personal travel, demand and contribution of travel & tourism will grow by 7.6%, 7.0% and 6.4%,
respectively. Again in 2011, Bangladesh is expected to earn BDTk 6.6 billion from international tourist
spending and the expected number of international visitors is 443,000. The forecasted international tourist
arrival by 2021 is expected to rise to 630,000, indicating the annual increase of 3.6% per annum with earnings
of BDTK 13.5bn (WTTC, 2011). The tourism potentiality of Bangladesh is globally recognized and she is
ranked on the number one position in the ‘Lonely Planet Best-Value Destinations 2011’. The Lonely Planet is a
production of the British Broadcasting Corporation and is the world’s most popular tourist publication (Lonely
Planet, 2011). The Royal Bengal Tiger, mangrove vegetation, spotted deer, crocodile and diverse bird life make
it an attractive destination for ecotours and ecotourism is considered to become the most feasible and promising
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area of development for the Sundarbans (Hussain and Acharya, 1994). However, data indicates that the year-
based increase of ecotourist numbers in the Sundarbans is upward with relatively lower contribution of
international tourists. According to Iqball, et. al., (2010), the figures represent that in the year of 2006-2007, the
Sundarbans was visited by the highest number of tourists, both domestic and international with 2083 and
94,745, respectively. The number dropped slightly in the later years. The reason for this trend may be due to the
temporary political turmoil in Bangladesh that gradually improved later on and is reflected in the growth of
WTTC (2011) data. In general, the number of ecotourists to the Sundarbans, in comparison with the gross total
international tourist arrivals in Bangladesh is very low. One possible reason is the lack of quality services and
tours those can expectedly meet the demand of the ecotourists and to ensure more of their participation.
3. Methodology
This qualitative study has employed techniques used in the ‘Participant Observation’ research approach using
personal observation and informal interviews. The informal interviews were unstructured followed by open-
ended discussions with respondents based on randomized selection. The researcher stayed in the Sundarbans
forest area in between the time frame of February 2011 till August, 2011 for this research purpose. Following
randomized selection, the researcher had unstructured and open-ended interviews with ten tourists and ten forest
dependent people to understand their perceptions and mindset about package tours in the Sundarbans. The five
areas of the forest where the interviews were conducted were: Khulna, Mongla, Syam Nagar, Heron Point and
Koyra. The very basic reason for the interview sites selection was the crowd of the respondents, where mostly
they remain scattered. An attempt was made to explore the general and existing tourism scenario in the
Sundarbans through observation and interviews. Total number of these informal interviews was twenty,
regardless of gender, nationality, and age or profession. On the other hand, due to the attachment of ecological
issues, this study has largely depended on the extended review of literatures including newspaper articles or
editorials, journal articles, online information, published official reports as secondary source of data and
information.
3.1 The Case Study Site:
The word ‘Sundar’ stands for beautiful and ‘Bans’ means jungle - the Sundarbans denotes the ‘Beautiful
Jungle’. The Sundarbans is the world’s largest littoral mangrove forest and is one of the largest such forests in
the world. All the data shown in this section are produced by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2011). Total area of this forest is around 600,000 hectares, almost two-third
of which is in Bangladesh and the rest is in India. In 1997 an area of about 140,000 hectares was declared as a
World Heritage Site. The Sundarbans is adorned with natural and tidal waterways, rivers, canals, muddy flats
and salinity based small islands. The Sundori, Gewa, the Nypa palm and other twenty seven nearly extinct
mangrove species mainly dominate the Sundarbans. The forest has almost 334 species of flora and 375 species
of fauna; including 260 bird species, the world famous Royal Bengal Tigers, some threatened species like
estuarine crocodiles and the Indian Pythons. The Sundarbans is the roaming area of the largest populations of
the Royal Bengal Tiger in the world. Spotted deer, the nearly extinct mugger crocodile, the wild cats, the wild
boar and wild cat species are ever wonders to the tourists. The Sundarbans possesses all beauties to become a
paradise for eco-tourists. To get glimpses of wild life and the undemanding life of local inhabitants: fishermen,
the Bawalis (wood cutter), the Mouwalis (honey collector) and other functioning indigenous forest workers,
Heron point, Dublar Char and Katka are regarded as the central spots.
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Figure: Interview site of the Sundarbans-Bangladesh Part (in *asterisk). (Source: Modified from the World
Wide Fund for Nature, 2011)
4. Findings and Discussions
The findings have been diverse and covered wider angles. Eight out of the ten tourists agreed that they liked to
visit the Sundarbans as a destination for special interest tourism activities. However all of the five domestic
tourist respondents opined that they had a great desire to visit the place for a long time and they were very
satisfied to get the chance. One of the respondents was very overwhelmed and answered ‘I can realize now
what I have missed so far’. All of the domestic respondents answered that this was their first visit to the
Sundarbans. The reason was poor publicity of the forest as a potential tourist destination. On the other hand,
the international tourists also asserted on more media exposure of the Sundarbans. They believed that this site
was not well advertised in the global media. Nine out of the ten interviewees coined that the existing
transportation network to the forest was not of satisfactory level. Their suggestions for improvement included
building easier transportation network and enhanced facilities for the tourists. Surprisingly, all of the ten
respondents agreed that an all-inclusive package tour would be much appreciated by them. The Swedish tourist
said, ‘I am even willing to pay whatever the expenses would be for a well organized package tour’. The main
reason behind this expectation was the lack of service providers for tourism products. On this point, one of the
respondents answered ‘I do not really understand the reason for not involving more of the private sector to
operate tours in the Sundarbans’. On the other side, all of the forest-dependent respondents answered that
tourism can bring positive impact on the sources of providing their livelihood. A wood collector who was an
interviewee responded, ‘We cannot get the right price for our produces...we definitely welcome tourists those
will help to support our livelihood.’ Based on the findings and following the extended format of the 7W’s of
what, who, where, which mode of transportation, what arrangements for accommodation and entertainment,
what measures for sustainability and pollution control, what price- the tourism product may be designed as an
all inclusive ‘Package Eco- tour’ to the Sundarbans and can attract the high spending ecotourists as well as
genera touristsl. Reasons for this prediction are numerous. The Sundarbans- the world’s one of the widely
known forests, posses the capability to become a global hub for ecotourism. For the tropical climate,
opportunities for cruising and boating, forest ecology, exceptional population of wildlife, unspoiled beaches
throughout along the Bay of Bengal and around some islands, indigenous collectors of forest produce, cultural
annual festivals and diverse culture (Moss, 1993). Six key ecologically important sites of the forest namely
Katka Tiger Point, Katka-Kachikhali, Dubla Island, Nil Komol, Mandarbaria and Koromjal highlight the flora
and fauna of the Sundarbans. The travel route for the package tour between Khulna and the Sundarbans is very
popular amongst the tourists as mentioned by most of the tourists. As desired by the local forest dependent
respondents, the tour can be designed as harmless to the ecological set up and supporting their sources of
livelihood through the participation of ecotourists. Thus, ecotourists can positively contribute to the
sustainability and conservation of a tourist destination through their presence, exploring the wild life and
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indigenous livelihood (Swarbrooke, 1999).
4.1 Competitiveness of the Product:
The package eco-tours can be aimed to target more international than domestic ecotourists. Governments of
developing countries treat international tourists as the key imperative tourism market area. Because, in
comparison with the domestic tourists, these tourists hang about for a longer time at a destination, splurge more,
use expensive accommodation and transport and fetch currency that positively contributes to the host country’s
international financial circumstances (Middleton and Clarke, 2001). The product can target young aged, highly
spending and educated tourists and ‘Green Consumers’ from the United Kingdom and the United States of
America, as stated by both South American and British tourists. In the USA, 67% general and 76% experienced
ecotourists are in the 25-54 age group with equal participation of both male and female (Backman and Potts,
1993). They are middle income group and 35% of them belong to managerial or professional class. 96% of
practised ecotourists are either college educated or have a degree (Cook, et al., 1992). Considering the
behavioural trends, the American people are eager to pay 5% to 10% added prices to buy ecofriendly products
(Coddington, 1990). The package tour can likely to frame market strategies that will help the Sundarbans to
become the ultimate destination for global ecotourists for relaxation and recharge. Data shows that ecotourists
are most likely to be childless or ‘empty-nesters’ visitors and are eager to experience a more relaxed holiday
(Reingold, 1993). Based upon theories and observations, the package tours can again target group family visits
and these can be the ideal family package tours. As a river-based country, river cruise is not uncommon in
Bangladesh. The river cruises so far in Bangladesh are identified as short-haul journeys, mainly limited within
the river area and a one day concept. The package tours are basically the updated concept of river cruise and all
inclusive - normally considering hospitality, comfort and overall satisfaction of the tourists as key factors for
success. There is a close link between the nature and literature. Students, researchers and academics of almost
all countries are expected to have heard about the Sundarbans and have some sort of ideas in their mind
regarding its features as a forest or as a UNESCO natural World Heritage Site. The Italian tourist argued that
tourism in Venice experiences sustainability problems and excessive pressures on the resources for which
tourists cannot even enjoy their trip. The number of tourists was 16.5 million in comparison with only 60,209
local residents in 2009 (Visit Venice, 2011). Tours in the Sundarbans are not expected to be considered to
exceed the carrying capacity and not to ensure responsibility towards the nature or the wildlife. Again,
ecotourists are very often unwilling to visit some parts of Thailand, due to pollution problems, like solid waste,
oil spillage or even noise. Data represents that almost one – third of water in Thailand is not suitable for
consumption (The World Bank, 2001). Mainly for this reason, in 2007, 83.07% of total tourist arrivals in
Thailand were for leisure activities than ecotourism (Mintel Oxygen, 2011). Tours in the Sundarbans are also
thought to ensure minimum pollution by adopting initiatives of waste storage and recycling, technical problems
reduction and noise control. Facilities like video recording to make documentaries or short format films for free
of charge can act as strengths of the tour to persuade ecotourists to participate as argued by six of the domestic
tourist respondents. Ecotourism is a sort of instructive nature based travelling experience that significantly
contributes to preserve the ecosystem as well as respect the uprightness of indigenous communities (Scace et al.,
1992). All of the respondents said that the tours should endorse ethical or moral behaviour and responsibilities
to the cultural and natural environment.
4.2 Future Marketing Development:
Due to the growing consciousness and initiatives to increase the availability of ecology based tourism services
or products, the contribution of the tourism sector in national economy is gradually rising in many countries in
the world. As a result, concerned authorities and agencies are expected to focus more on ecotourism. This will
help the possible expansion of ecotourism market. Product of this study has significant potentiality for market
development in the coming years with the help of government’s supportive policies of the Bangladesh Tourism
Policy-2009, where this has been clearly stated in paragraph 3.1.2 that, ‘For developing ecotourism, there will
be collaboration with the ministry of environment and forest and other agencies. The government will offer
close support for ecotourism development in the Sundarbans, Chittagong hill tracts and environmentally critical
areas (MOCAT, 2011)’. The promotional and collaboration activities should focus on future market
development. Online advertisements, an interactive website and its link with global tourism guidebooks likes;
the National Geographic, Fremme, Lonely Planet etc. can be useful. In fact, a web page can become a platform
for service consumers, where they can share their ideas that help to understand the market trends and customer’s
expectations. The massive popularity of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter has broadened the
horizon of internet advertising. Creating collaboration not only with regional travel agents but also with major
global travel agents and tour operators are beneficial. To ensure excellent customer services, the tour should
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also employ graduates as guides or interpreters. In recent years, schemes of certification and ecolabels in the
tourism industry contribute to achieve higher level of sustainability in tourism business. Environmental
consciousness among the general mass population is rising and more consumers will to choose greener products.
This has made the environment one of the key areas to gain competitive advantage and a common element of
tourism’s segmenting, targeting and positioning strategies (Font and Buckely, 2001). The tours can attempt to
get international certification for its sustainability in the global markets as stated by the majority of the
international tourists. A certification characteristically is the representation of the products’ higher quality and
socio-environmentally soundness (Haaland and Aas, 2010).
5. Conclusion:
Findings have revealed that ecotourism can become a popular form of special interest tourism in the
Sundarbans. Ecotourism in the Sundarbans can have huge contribution to the local economy and thus offer
support to the local forest-dependent population. Demand of a package tour has been high among the tourists
regardless of origin of nationality. The package tours developed through this study is a symbolic ecotourism
product to highlight the current overall situation and future market trends of a Natural World Heritage Site. The
Sundarbans denotes global image and popularity among eco-tourists. However, ecotourism can have negative
impacts leading to natural imbalances and the package tours are expected to be designed in accordance with
sustainability issues. Such tours as a special interest tourism product obviously can render enormous market
potentialities through ensuring responsibility to its delicacy, ecological set up and biodiversity. Issues
concentrated on the Sundarbans as an ecotourism destination and a playing ground of touristic interaction with
the local indigenous population can pave grounds for furthur research.
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Author: Azizul Hassan completed MA (2010-2011) in International Tourism Management; Department of
Marketing, Events and Tourism; Business School; University of Greenwich; London, SE10 9LS (Telephone
Number; 0044 07766857239; Email: <hm087@gre.ac.uk>). He is a member of the Tourism Society, the
International Ecotourism Society (TIES), and the University of Greenwich Tourism Society. His main area of
research interest is cultural heritage tourism, particularly authenticity, impacts of regeneration and tourist
facilities management. Other research interests include: heritage interpretation and consumption, qualitative
(ethnographic) research methods in tourism studies, the politics of cultural heritage tourism, sustainable
management alternatives in the cultural heritage industries, recent practices in heritage tourism, the theoretical
marketing dynamics, destination branding in tourism and eco-tourism.
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