Rosuvastatin has demonstrated efficacy in reducing cardiovascular risk through broad clinical experience. Specifically:
1) The METEOR study showed that rosuvastatin slowed the progression of atherosclerosis, while ENHANCE found no significant difference between simvastatin and simvastatin plus ezetimibe.
2) Real-world studies like PEPI and a US study found rosuvastatin use was associated with a 20-40% reduced risk of cardiovascular events compared to other statins.
3) The ASTEROID trial used intravascular ultrasound to demonstrate that rosuvastatin significantly reduced coronary atheroma burden over 18 months.
This document discusses several clinical studies that compare the effects of different statin drugs on cardiovascular outcomes and the progression of atherosclerosis. The STELLAR study showed that rosuvastatin more effectively lowered LDL-C and raised HDL-C than other statins. Two real-world studies found that rosuvastatin use was associated with a 28-40% lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to other statins. The METEOR study found that rosuvastatin slowed the progression of atherosclerosis whereas the ENHANCE study found that ezetimibe added to simvastatin provided no benefit.
This document discusses the benefits of high-dose statin therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It summarizes several studies that found high-dose statin therapy started very early (within 24 hours) for ACS patients was associated with reduced mortality. One study of over 10,000 ACS patients found very early statin therapy reduced 7-day and 30-day mortality. Another study found high-dose atorvastatin improved coronary flow and ST segment resolution in STEMI patients compared to low-dose atorvastatin. The document also notes that statin therapy duration is important, with one study finding risk of further cardiovascular events was lower the longer patients continued high-dose atorvastatin therapy.
This document summarizes recent clinical trials evaluating new treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It finds that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) like dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are now foundational therapies for HFrEF as they reduce mortality, hospitalizations, and improve outcomes. Two novel agents, vericiguat and omecamtiv mecarbil, are described as well-tolerated therapies that may provide additional benefit by reducing residual risk in select HFrEF patients. Vericiguat is now FDA-approved and recommended by guidelines for recent worsening HF, while omecamtiv me
1) Atrial fibrillation prevalence increases with age and is a global epidemic. It is more common in patients with cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors. (2) Patients with atrial fibrillation have higher rates of cardiovascular events compared to those without. (3) NOACs (non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants) such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban were shown to be as effective or more effective than warfarin for stroke prevention, with lower rates of hemorrhagic stroke and intracranial bleeding in major clinical trials.
Mubashar A Choudry MD | Effects of statin or usual care on outcomesMubashar A Choudry MD
Here, Dr. Mubashar A Choudry MD is explaining about effects of statin or usual care on outcomes. Dr. Mubashar Choudry is a respected cardiologist in Washington.
1. Heart failure is a major and growing public health problem, affecting over 15 million people in European societies with a prevalence of over 2-3% overall and 10-20% in those over 70 years of age.
2. It is a primary cause of hospital admissions and is present in about 10% of hospitalized patients, accounting for about 2% of national health expenditures.
3. Natriuretic peptides such as BNP and NT-proBNP can help in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of heart failure. Elevated levels indicate a higher likelihood of heart failure.
This document discusses dyslipidemia and its management. It begins by outlining how elevated cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It then discusses screening guidelines and treatment goals for LDL cholesterol levels. The rest of the document covers lifestyle and pharmacological treatment options for dyslipidemia, with a focus on statin drugs and their limitations. It provides details on statin efficacy, safety concerns, and the additional benefits of combining statins with other drugs like ezetimibe.
This document discusses several clinical studies that compare the effects of different statin drugs on cardiovascular outcomes and the progression of atherosclerosis. The STELLAR study showed that rosuvastatin more effectively lowered LDL-C and raised HDL-C than other statins. Two real-world studies found that rosuvastatin use was associated with a 28-40% lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to other statins. The METEOR study found that rosuvastatin slowed the progression of atherosclerosis whereas the ENHANCE study found that ezetimibe added to simvastatin provided no benefit.
This document discusses the benefits of high-dose statin therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It summarizes several studies that found high-dose statin therapy started very early (within 24 hours) for ACS patients was associated with reduced mortality. One study of over 10,000 ACS patients found very early statin therapy reduced 7-day and 30-day mortality. Another study found high-dose atorvastatin improved coronary flow and ST segment resolution in STEMI patients compared to low-dose atorvastatin. The document also notes that statin therapy duration is important, with one study finding risk of further cardiovascular events was lower the longer patients continued high-dose atorvastatin therapy.
This document summarizes recent clinical trials evaluating new treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It finds that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) like dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are now foundational therapies for HFrEF as they reduce mortality, hospitalizations, and improve outcomes. Two novel agents, vericiguat and omecamtiv mecarbil, are described as well-tolerated therapies that may provide additional benefit by reducing residual risk in select HFrEF patients. Vericiguat is now FDA-approved and recommended by guidelines for recent worsening HF, while omecamtiv me
1) Atrial fibrillation prevalence increases with age and is a global epidemic. It is more common in patients with cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors. (2) Patients with atrial fibrillation have higher rates of cardiovascular events compared to those without. (3) NOACs (non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants) such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban were shown to be as effective or more effective than warfarin for stroke prevention, with lower rates of hemorrhagic stroke and intracranial bleeding in major clinical trials.
Mubashar A Choudry MD | Effects of statin or usual care on outcomesMubashar A Choudry MD
Here, Dr. Mubashar A Choudry MD is explaining about effects of statin or usual care on outcomes. Dr. Mubashar Choudry is a respected cardiologist in Washington.
1. Heart failure is a major and growing public health problem, affecting over 15 million people in European societies with a prevalence of over 2-3% overall and 10-20% in those over 70 years of age.
2. It is a primary cause of hospital admissions and is present in about 10% of hospitalized patients, accounting for about 2% of national health expenditures.
3. Natriuretic peptides such as BNP and NT-proBNP can help in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of heart failure. Elevated levels indicate a higher likelihood of heart failure.
This document discusses dyslipidemia and its management. It begins by outlining how elevated cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It then discusses screening guidelines and treatment goals for LDL cholesterol levels. The rest of the document covers lifestyle and pharmacological treatment options for dyslipidemia, with a focus on statin drugs and their limitations. It provides details on statin efficacy, safety concerns, and the additional benefits of combining statins with other drugs like ezetimibe.
- Early initiation of high-intensity statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients significantly reduces mortality and morbidity rates compared to later initiation or lower-intensity statins. Clinical trials found a 16-36% reduction in major coronary events with early high-dose statin use.
- Guidelines recommend high-intensity statins like atorvastatin 80mg or simvastatin 80mg for acute coronary syndrome patients, though risks like side effects must be considered. Long-term statin therapy is also generally advised after acute coronary syndrome.
1) Statins are highly effective in reducing LDL-C and cardiovascular risk, playing a cornerstone role in lipid management. They work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.
2) Atorvastatin has been extensively studied in large trials and shown to significantly reduce major cardiovascular events when doses are increased from 10 mg to 80 mg.
3) Studies in India found that high dose atorvastatin (80 mg) was well tolerated and more effective at reducing LDL-C and hs-CRP than lower doses in ACS patients. However, many ACS patients in India were not receiving statins as recommended.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. One major risk factor is dyslipidemia. The document discusses various clinical trials that show Rosuvastatin is more effective than other statins like Atorvastatin and Simvastatin in lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C levels. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduces CRP and cardiovascular events. Studies demonstrated Rosuvastatin's superior efficacy over Atorvastatin in high-risk patients like those with diabetes. Rosuvastatin was also shown to be well-tolerated with fewer safety issues than other statins.
Ponencia realizada el 23 de noviembre de 2022 en CardioTV titulado 'Nuevas fronteras en la reducción del riesgo CV residual. Integrando icosapento de etilo en la práctica clínica' por el Dr. Subodh Verma
Dyslipidemia management an evidence based approachDr Vivek Baliga
How is dyslipidemia managed in clinical practice? Here is a short review on how current guidelines are shaping clinical practice, and how saroglitazar is playing a role in it.
1) A phase 3 trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients showed improved radiographic progression-free and overall survival for the abiraterone arm.
2) At the first interim analysis when 425 overall survival events occurred, the hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.66 with a p-value of 0.0034, crossing the pre-specified boundary for statistical significance.
3) Secondary endpoints including time to opiate use, chemotherapy initiation, performance status deterioration, and prostate specific antigen progression were also all significantly prolonged in the abiraterone arm.
1. The document discusses the management of elderly patients presenting with possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Biomarkers like high-sensitivity troponin have improved detection of myocardial infarction in this population, but interpretation can be challenging due to age-related changes.
2. Risk stratification tools like the HEART score and evaluation of troponin kinetics can help identify low-risk elderly patients for early discharge. A pathway integrating HEART score, high-sensitivity troponin levels, and clinical judgement may optimize care for these patients.
3. Guidelines recommend aspirin, a P2Y12 inhibitor like clopidogrel, and consideration of extended dual antiplatelet therapy based on risk assessment for secondary prevention
This document provides biographical information about Dr. Wei-Chun Huang, including his academic and professional qualifications. It lists his positions, including serving as the director of the Department of Critical Care Medicine at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, as well as his affiliations with professional organizations in Taiwan and internationally. The document also thanks the ICU departments from 14 hospitals across Taiwan for their participation in a conference.
Dyslipidemia 'from guidelines to practice' prof.alaa wafaaalaa wafa
This document discusses guidelines for the treatment of dyslipidemia. It begins by comparing hypertension treatment to lipid lowering, noting that lipid lowering has fewer drug classes, mechanisms of action, and side effects compared to hypertension treatment. It then discusses how many patients do not reach lipid goals even after dose adjustments of statin medications. The document emphasizes the need for more effective cholesterol lowering to meet lipid goals. It reviews various studies demonstrating the relationship between cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. It discusses the benefits of different statin medications and doses at lowering cholesterol. The document provides an overview of guideline recommendations for cholesterol goals and treatment intensities based on patient risk levels.
The HYVET trial provides the first clear evidence that treating hypertension in patients aged 80 or older reduces health risks. The trial found that treating very elderly hypertensive patients with the drug Natrilix SR plus Coversyl reduced total mortality by 21%, all strokes by 30%, and heart failure by 64% compared to a placebo. The treatment was also well-tolerated with few side effects reported. The results indicate that blood pressure lowering therapy should be offered to hypertensive patients over age 80 to improve health outcomes.
This document summarizes the Compare Trial, which compared the Taxus Liberté and Xience V drug-eluting stents. The trial included 1,800 patients and found that at the 2-year follow up:
1) Xience V was superior to Taxus Liberté for reducing the primary endpoint of death, heart attack, and repeat procedures.
2) Xience V also significantly reduced the risks of heart attack, repeat procedures, and stent thrombosis compared to Taxus Liberté.
3) While both stents significantly reduced risks overall, neither showed a significant difference for diabetic patients specifically.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Aspirin and StatinsCTSI at UCSF
Presented by Michael Pignone, MD, MPH, at UCSF's symposium "The Role of Risk Stratification and Biomarkers in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease" in Jan 2012.
This document summarizes data from clinical studies and real-world evidence on the new oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation. It finds that dabigatran 150mg twice daily reduces ischemic stroke and mortality compared to warfarin based on a study of 56,576 Medicare patients, but increases gastrointestinal bleeding in those over 75 years old. Real-world data also finds apixaban reduces major bleeding, hospitalizations and inpatient bleeding compared to dabigatran and rivaroxaban. Studies of patients over 75 years old initiating anticoagulants find warfarin, rivaroxaban and dabigatran have higher risks of major bleeding than apixaban. The document
The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for 1.9 years on average. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced the primary endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated inflammatory markers but
The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for a median follow up of 1.9 years. Rosuvastatin reduced the primary composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated hs
The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for a median follow up of 1.9 years. Rosuvastatin reduced the primary composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated hs
Rosuvastatin is an effective treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and risk reduction. It provides significant reductions in LDL cholesterol levels with doses as low as 10 mg per day and can reduce LDL by over 50% at higher doses. Multiple studies have shown that rosuvastatin lowers rates of major adverse cardiac events compared to placebo in both primary and secondary prevention populations. Rosuvastatin has also demonstrated plaque regression in coronary arteries and slowed progression of atherosclerosis. It is considered a first-line agent by guidelines for lowering cholesterol and reducing CVD risk.
The ASTEROID study evaluated the effects of aggressive statin treatment with rosuvastatin 40 mg daily for 24 months on coronary atheroma burden using intravascular ultrasound. The study found that very low LDL-C levels of 60.8 mg/dL and increased HDL-C levels were associated with significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis. Adverse events were mild and withdrawal rates were low. The results demonstrate that intensive lipid lowering can potentially reverse the atherosclerotic disease process.
- Early initiation of high-intensity statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients significantly reduces mortality and morbidity rates compared to later initiation or lower-intensity statins. Clinical trials found a 16-36% reduction in major coronary events with early high-dose statin use.
- Guidelines recommend high-intensity statins like atorvastatin 80mg or simvastatin 80mg for acute coronary syndrome patients, though risks like side effects must be considered. Long-term statin therapy is also generally advised after acute coronary syndrome.
1) Statins are highly effective in reducing LDL-C and cardiovascular risk, playing a cornerstone role in lipid management. They work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.
2) Atorvastatin has been extensively studied in large trials and shown to significantly reduce major cardiovascular events when doses are increased from 10 mg to 80 mg.
3) Studies in India found that high dose atorvastatin (80 mg) was well tolerated and more effective at reducing LDL-C and hs-CRP than lower doses in ACS patients. However, many ACS patients in India were not receiving statins as recommended.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. One major risk factor is dyslipidemia. The document discusses various clinical trials that show Rosuvastatin is more effective than other statins like Atorvastatin and Simvastatin in lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C levels. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduces CRP and cardiovascular events. Studies demonstrated Rosuvastatin's superior efficacy over Atorvastatin in high-risk patients like those with diabetes. Rosuvastatin was also shown to be well-tolerated with fewer safety issues than other statins.
Ponencia realizada el 23 de noviembre de 2022 en CardioTV titulado 'Nuevas fronteras en la reducción del riesgo CV residual. Integrando icosapento de etilo en la práctica clínica' por el Dr. Subodh Verma
Dyslipidemia management an evidence based approachDr Vivek Baliga
How is dyslipidemia managed in clinical practice? Here is a short review on how current guidelines are shaping clinical practice, and how saroglitazar is playing a role in it.
1) A phase 3 trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients showed improved radiographic progression-free and overall survival for the abiraterone arm.
2) At the first interim analysis when 425 overall survival events occurred, the hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.66 with a p-value of 0.0034, crossing the pre-specified boundary for statistical significance.
3) Secondary endpoints including time to opiate use, chemotherapy initiation, performance status deterioration, and prostate specific antigen progression were also all significantly prolonged in the abiraterone arm.
1. The document discusses the management of elderly patients presenting with possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Biomarkers like high-sensitivity troponin have improved detection of myocardial infarction in this population, but interpretation can be challenging due to age-related changes.
2. Risk stratification tools like the HEART score and evaluation of troponin kinetics can help identify low-risk elderly patients for early discharge. A pathway integrating HEART score, high-sensitivity troponin levels, and clinical judgement may optimize care for these patients.
3. Guidelines recommend aspirin, a P2Y12 inhibitor like clopidogrel, and consideration of extended dual antiplatelet therapy based on risk assessment for secondary prevention
This document provides biographical information about Dr. Wei-Chun Huang, including his academic and professional qualifications. It lists his positions, including serving as the director of the Department of Critical Care Medicine at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, as well as his affiliations with professional organizations in Taiwan and internationally. The document also thanks the ICU departments from 14 hospitals across Taiwan for their participation in a conference.
Dyslipidemia 'from guidelines to practice' prof.alaa wafaaalaa wafa
This document discusses guidelines for the treatment of dyslipidemia. It begins by comparing hypertension treatment to lipid lowering, noting that lipid lowering has fewer drug classes, mechanisms of action, and side effects compared to hypertension treatment. It then discusses how many patients do not reach lipid goals even after dose adjustments of statin medications. The document emphasizes the need for more effective cholesterol lowering to meet lipid goals. It reviews various studies demonstrating the relationship between cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. It discusses the benefits of different statin medications and doses at lowering cholesterol. The document provides an overview of guideline recommendations for cholesterol goals and treatment intensities based on patient risk levels.
The HYVET trial provides the first clear evidence that treating hypertension in patients aged 80 or older reduces health risks. The trial found that treating very elderly hypertensive patients with the drug Natrilix SR plus Coversyl reduced total mortality by 21%, all strokes by 30%, and heart failure by 64% compared to a placebo. The treatment was also well-tolerated with few side effects reported. The results indicate that blood pressure lowering therapy should be offered to hypertensive patients over age 80 to improve health outcomes.
This document summarizes the Compare Trial, which compared the Taxus Liberté and Xience V drug-eluting stents. The trial included 1,800 patients and found that at the 2-year follow up:
1) Xience V was superior to Taxus Liberté for reducing the primary endpoint of death, heart attack, and repeat procedures.
2) Xience V also significantly reduced the risks of heart attack, repeat procedures, and stent thrombosis compared to Taxus Liberté.
3) While both stents significantly reduced risks overall, neither showed a significant difference for diabetic patients specifically.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Aspirin and StatinsCTSI at UCSF
Presented by Michael Pignone, MD, MPH, at UCSF's symposium "The Role of Risk Stratification and Biomarkers in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease" in Jan 2012.
This document summarizes data from clinical studies and real-world evidence on the new oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation. It finds that dabigatran 150mg twice daily reduces ischemic stroke and mortality compared to warfarin based on a study of 56,576 Medicare patients, but increases gastrointestinal bleeding in those over 75 years old. Real-world data also finds apixaban reduces major bleeding, hospitalizations and inpatient bleeding compared to dabigatran and rivaroxaban. Studies of patients over 75 years old initiating anticoagulants find warfarin, rivaroxaban and dabigatran have higher risks of major bleeding than apixaban. The document
The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for 1.9 years on average. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced the primary endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated inflammatory markers but
The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for a median follow up of 1.9 years. Rosuvastatin reduced the primary composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated hs
The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for a median follow up of 1.9 years. Rosuvastatin reduced the primary composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated hs
Rosuvastatin is an effective treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and risk reduction. It provides significant reductions in LDL cholesterol levels with doses as low as 10 mg per day and can reduce LDL by over 50% at higher doses. Multiple studies have shown that rosuvastatin lowers rates of major adverse cardiac events compared to placebo in both primary and secondary prevention populations. Rosuvastatin has also demonstrated plaque regression in coronary arteries and slowed progression of atherosclerosis. It is considered a first-line agent by guidelines for lowering cholesterol and reducing CVD risk.
The ASTEROID study evaluated the effects of aggressive statin treatment with rosuvastatin 40 mg daily for 24 months on coronary atheroma burden using intravascular ultrasound. The study found that very low LDL-C levels of 60.8 mg/dL and increased HDL-C levels were associated with significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis. Adverse events were mild and withdrawal rates were low. The results demonstrate that intensive lipid lowering can potentially reverse the atherosclerotic disease process.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. Is Lower Better?
La relation entre le LDL-c et les evenements cardiovasculaires
Rosenson RS. Exp Opin Emerg Drugs 2004;9(2):269-279, LaRosa JC et al. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1425-1435.
LDL-C atteint mg/dL (mmol/L)
WOSCOPS – Pl
AFCAPS - Pl
ASCOT - Pl
AFCAPS - Rx WOSCOPS - Rx
ASCOT - Rx
4S - Rx
HPS - Pl
LIPID - Rx
4S - Pl
CARE - Rx
LIPID - Pl
CARE - Pl
HPS - Rx
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
(1.0)
60
(1.6)
80
(2.1)
100
(2.6)
120
(3.1)
140
(3.6)
160
(4.1)
180
(4.7)
6
Prevention secondaire
Prevention Primaire
Rx - Statin therapy
Pl – Placebo
Pra – pravastatin
Atv - atorvastatin
200
(5.2)
PROVE-IT - Pra
PROVE-IT – Atv
TNT – Atv10
TNT – Atv80
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
3. La moitié des patients n’atteignent pas leur objectif
lipidique
EUROASPIRE II:51%
des patients n’ont pas
atteint l’objectif
Patients sous
hypolipémiants qui
ont atteint leur
objectif
50%
25% 75% 100%
EUROASPIRE II: Atteinte d’objectif
cholesterol total
51%
Lipid management assessed in 5556 patients with CHD at least 6 months
after discharge who qualify for treatment
EUROASPIRE II. Eur Heart J 2001;22:554–572
4. La relation entre le taux du LDL-c et HDL ET LE RISUE
CARDIOVASCULAIRE
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel. NIH Publication No. 01-3670 2001.
http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/ncep_slds/menu.htm
1% decrease
in LDL-C reduces
CHD risk by
1%
1% increase
in HDL-C reduces
CHD risk by
1-3%
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
5. Rosuvastatin
Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
Pravastatin
*p<0.002 vs atorvastatin 10 mg; simvastatin 10, 20, 40 mg; pravastatin 10, 20, 40 mg
†p<0.002 vs atorvastatin 20, 40 mg; simvastatin 20, 40, 80 mg; pravastatin 20, 40 mg
‡p<0.002 vs atorvastatin 40 mg; simvastatin 40, 80 mg; pravastatin 40 mg
*
X
X
X
–60
–50
–40
–30
–20
–10
0
Dose, mg (log scale)
10 20 40 80
X
X
n=648
n=473
n=634
n=485
†
‡
Change
in
LDL-C
from
baseline
(%)
Rosuvastatin versus Comparators:
LDL-C Efficacy Across the Dose Range
The STELLAR Study
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Jones PH et al. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:152–160
6. Rosuvastatin versus other statins - change in HDL-C
The STELLAR Study
*p<0.002 vs pravastatin 10 mg
†p<0.002 vs atorvastatin 20, 40, 80 mg; simvastatin 40 mg; pravastatin 20, 40 mg
‡p<0.002 vs atorvastatin 40, 80 mg; simvastatin 40 mg; pravastatin 40 mg
Observed data in ITT population
10 20 40
3.2
4.4
5.6
10 20 40 80
10 20 40
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
5.7
4.8
4.4
2.1
*
7.7
†
9.5
‡
9.6
10 20 40 80
5.3
6.0
5.2
6.8
Dose (mg)
Rosuvastatin
Atorvastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin
Change
in
HDL-C
from
baseline
(%)
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Jones PH et al. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:152–160
7. CV Risk Reduction –
Head-to- head comparison In ‘’Real Life’’
All statin users between January 2000 and September 2005
rosuvastatin
N = 8,088
atorvastatin
N = 25,777
simvastatin
N = 27,752
pravastatin
N = 14,530
Exclude:
• Established statin users (prior statin use in last 12 months)
• patients with CV event in previous 12 months
• patients with <12 months history in PHARMO
• cerivastatin and fluvastatin users*
• Use of >1 statin simultaneously
• patients under 18
N = 76,147
Followed until first CV event or cessation of
initial statin use or loss to follow-up in the
database
* Cerivastatin was withdrawn from the market in 2002. There were too few fluvastatin users for any meaningful analyses
Heintjes et al, Current Medical Opinion and Research, July 2008 PEPI
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
8. Retrospective observational cohort study
Primary outcome: Cardiovascular (CV) Hospitalisations
Fatal and non-fatal ischaemic heart disease, myocardial
infarction (MI), fatal and non-fatal stroke, coronary and carotid
revascularisation
Secondary outcome
Hospitalisations for MI
Hazard ratios¶ with 95% confidence intervals calculated
Adjusted for patient characteristics, co-morbidities and co-
medications
*I.e. CV events counted whilst on original statin
¶ The ‘hazard ratio’ was the ratio of the incidence of CV events on rosuvastatin versus that on other
statins
CV Risk Reduction –
Head-to- head comparison In ‘’Real Life’’
PEPI
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Heintjes et al, Current Medical Opinion and Research, July 2008
9. Primary Outcome
Rates of CV events were 28% lower on CRESTOR compared with other statins
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
CRESTOR vs. other
statins
CRESTOR (10.8 mg)
vs.
ATV (17.3 mg)
RSV better RSV worse
CRESTOR (10.8 mg)
vs.
SMV (22.1 mg)
CRESTOR (10.8 mg)
vs.
PRV (33.8 mg)
* A 95% CI that does not exceed 1 indicates a statistically significant hazard ratio
0.72 (0.56-0.94) *
0.83 (0.63-1.10) NS
0.71 (0.54-0.94) *
0.60 (0.45-0.80) *
Hazard ratios of CV were adjused for age, gender, nitrates, classic antihypertensives and diabetes
Adjusted hazard ratio of CV hospitalisations (95% CI)
28%
17%
29%
40%
Reductio
n in CV
events
PEPI
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Heintjes et al, Current Medical Opinion and Research, July 2008
10. US Study
Patient selection
All statin users between August 2003 and December 2005
rosuvastatin
N = 45,510
atorvastatin
N = 196,523
simvastatin
N = 73,884
pravastatin
N = 25,055
Exclude:
•established statin users (prior statin use in last 12 months)
•serious non-CV disease or immunosuppression
•with <12 months history in database
•patients under 18
N = 395,056
Followed until: first CV event, switch to another statin therapy
or switch/add another lipid-lowering therapy or 90 days after
end of statin supply or loss to follow-up in the database
lovastatin
N = 45,483
fluvastatin
N = 8,584
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Heintjes et al, Current Medical Opinion and Research, July 2008
11. US Study Results: Reduction in CV events
>=90 days
>=180 days
>=270 days
0.95 (0.84-1.08)
0.88 (0.74-1.05)
0.76 (0.59-0.97) ‡
RSV better Other statins† better
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.97 (0.86-1.08)
0.91 (0.78-1.06)
0.80 (0.64-1.00) ‡
MPR>0.8
MPR>0.8
MPR>0.8
‡ A 95% CI that does not exceed 1 indicates a statistically significant hazard ratio
Adjusted* hazard ratio of CV events (95% CI)
20%
Reductio
n in CV
events
In patients with higher compliance¶ and longer exposure times, a trend of a higher
decreased CV event rate with RSV as compared to other statins was found
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
N = 395,056
Heintjes et al, Current Medical Opinion and Research, July 2008
12. What about efficacy in atherosclerosis?
Which is the Most Effective Statin
in Regression of athersclerosis?
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JUPITER
13. ENHANCE METEOR
Patients High-risk FH (n=720) Lower risk asymptomatic subjects at
low risk of CHD (n=984)
LDL-C Baseline LDL-C 319mg/dL;
8.3mmol/L
Mean baseline LDL-C 155mg/dL;
4mmol/L
CIMT
analysed
Mean change from baseline in
CIMT using composite measures
from the right + left far wall CCA,
carotid bulb and ICA
6 sites – far wall only
Max CIMT, based on 12 carotid artery
segments (near & far wall of the right
and left CCA, carotid bulb and ICA)
12 sites – near and far walls
Status Completed April ‘06, press release
14 Jan 08. Likely to jeopardise
presentation of results at ACC Mar
’08 (23 months later).
Completed May ’06, data at ACC Mar ’07
(10 months later)
Results No statistical difference in mean
CIMT (primary endpoint), or in
individual components of primary
endpoint, including CCA.
CRESTOR 40 mg slowed the rate of
progression of maximum CIMT vs
placebo ….and with significant
regression of CIMT in the CCA
ENHANCE vs METEOR
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METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Kasteline J et al, NEJM April, 2008 Crouse J et al, JAMA, 2007
14. Time
(years)
-0.01
+0.01
0.00
+0.02
2
1
+0.03
Progression
Regression
P=NS
(CRESTOR vs. zero slope
Placebo
+0.0131 mm/yr
(n=252)
Rosuvastatin 40 mg
-0.0014 mm/yr
(n=624)
P<0.001
(CRESTOR vs. placebo)
Placebo; Change in CIMT (95% CI)
Rosuvastatin 40 mg; Change in CIMT (95% CI
METEOR primary endpoint:
Rate of change of maximum IMT at 12 carotid sites Rosuvastatin vs placebo
Crouse JR III, et al. JAMA 2007;297 (12):1344–1353
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METEOR
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JUPITER
48%
reduction LDL-C
8%
Increase HDL-C
15. ENHANCE results
Time
(years)
-0.01
+0.01
0.00
+0.02
+0.03
Primary
Endpoint
Change
in
mean
IMT
at
6
carotid
sites
(mm)
SMV 80 + EZE
+0.0111 mm
p=0.29 (ns)
SMV 80
+0.0058 mm
• 720 patients with familial hypercholesteraemia
• 1° endpoint: Absolute change in mean cIMT
• Measured at 6 carotid sites
• Most patients established statin users
2
1
Ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/80mg showed no significant difference to
simvastatin 80mg on the primary endpoint (mean CIMT), on any component
of the primary endpoint, or on any of the secondary imaging endpoints
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
Kasteline J et al, NEJM April, 2008
16. ENHANCE failed to meet its primary and secondary endpoints
and showed that adding ezetimibe to simvastatin provides no
benefit on the treatment of atherosclerosis
CRESTOR has the proven efficacy to lower LDL-C, raise
HDL-C, and has been shown to slow the progression of
atherosclerosis at any stage of the disease
CRESTOR significantly slowed the progression of atherosclerosis
in the METEOR study (which employed very similar methodology
to ENHANCE). These results were pivotal to achieving the
unique atherosclerosis indication granted by US FDA
Summary : METEOR & ENHANCE Results
17. A Study To evaluate the Effect of
Rosuvastatin On Intravascular
ultrasound-Derived coronary
atheroma burden
Nissen S et al. JAMA 2006;295 (13):1556-1565;
Ballantyne C et al. Circulation 2008 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.773747.
ASTEROID used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and
quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) to evaluate the effect
of rosuvastatin (CRESTOR™) on atherosclerotic disease in
patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
18. Lumen
area
EEM area
Atheroma area
Ultrasound Determination of Atheroma Area
Precise planimetry of EEM and lumen borders
with calculation of atheroma cross-sectional area
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
19. Example of regression of
atherosclerosis with
rosuvastatin in ASTEROID,
measured by IVUS
Images courtesy of Cleveland
Clinic Intravascular Ultrasound
Core Laboratory
Effects of Rosuvastatin on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)
- derived coronary artery atheroma burden The ASTEROID study
INTRO
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METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
53%
reduction LDL-C
14%
Increase HDL-C
20. 2
The relationship between mean LDL-C and change in
percent atheroma volume (PAV) in IVUS studies†
Change in
Percent
Atheroma
Volume*
(%)
1 Nissen S et al. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1253-1263. 2 Tardif J et al. Circulation 2004;110:3372-3377.
3 Nissen S et al. JAMA 2006;295 (13):1556-1565 4 Nissen S et al. JAMA 2004;292: 2217–2225.
5 Nissen S et al. JAMA 2004; 291:1071–1080
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
A-Plus2
placebo
ACTIVATE1
placebo
CAMELOT4
placebo
REVERSAL5
pravastatin
REVERSAL5
atorvastatin
Mean LDL-C (mg/dL)
Progression
Regression
ASTEROID3
rosuvastatin
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
21. Change in Percent Diameter Stenosis vs
On-Treatment LDL-C in QCA Trials
* ASTEROID - rosuvastatin; MAAS - simvastatin; CCAIT - lovastatin; MARS – lovastatin;
LCAS - fluvastatin; PLAC I - pravastatin
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
MARS
MAAS
PLAC I
LCAS
PLAC I
CCAIT
LCAS
MAAS
MARS
On-Treatment LDL-C (mg/dL)
CCAIT
Placebo
Statin*
Progression
Regression
Nissen S et al. JAMA 2006;295 (13):1556-1565;
Ballantyne C et al. Circulation 2008 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.773747.
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STELLAR
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METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
ASTEROID3
rosuvastatin
22. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of heart disease - the
World’s number one killer
Rosuvastatin is the only statin to show regression of
coronary atherosclerosis in a major clinical study
In ASTEROID, two imaging modalities that measure different
parameters and focus on different segments of the coronary
arteries have demonstrated concordant improvements in both
IVUS measurements of atheroma volume and angiographic
measurements of lumen dimension consistent with regression
of atherosclerosis with intensive rosuvastatin therapy
CRESTOR Clinical Perspective in Atherosclerosis
METEOR ASTEROID
DISEASE PROGRESSION
OVER TIME
EARLY
DISEASE
ESTABLISHED
DISEASE
US FDA approval for atherosclerosis as an
indication- Nov. 2007
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
23. CRESTOR - Withdrawals due to Adverse Events
Percentage of patients with an adverse event
leading to withdrawal
0
2
4
6
8
rosuvastatin simvastatin pravastatin
1
3
5
7
2.9%
2.5% 2.5%
(n=3074) (n=1457) (n=1278)
3.2%
atorvastatin
(n=2899)
10–40 mg
10–80 mg
10–80 mg
10–40 mg
Brewer HB. Am J Cardiol 2003;92(Suppl):23K–29K
Shepherd J et al. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:882-888
24. CRESTOR – Liver Effects
ALT >3 × ULN: Frequency by LDL-C Reduction
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
20 30 40 50 60 70
LDL-C reduction (%)
Fluvastatin (20, 40, 80 mg)
Rosuvastatin (10, 20, 40 mg)
Lovastatin (20, 40, 80 mg)
Atorvastatin (10, 20, 40, 80 mg)
Simvastatin (40, 80 mg)
Occurrence
of
ALT
>3×ULN
(%)
Persistent elevation is elevation to >3 x ULN on 2 successive occasions
Brewer HB. Am J Cardiol 2003;92(Suppl):23K–29K
25. CRESTOR - Muscle Effects
CK >10 x ULN: Frequency by LDL-C Reduction
Brewer HB. Am J Cardiol 2003;92(Suppl):23K–29K
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
20 30 40 50 60 70
LDL-C reduction (%)
Occurrence
of
CK
>10
×
ULN
(%)
Cerivastatin (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.8 mg)
Rosuvastatin (10, 20, 40 mg)
Pravastatin (20, 40 mg)
Atorvastatin (10, 20, 40, 80 mg)
Simvastatin (40, 80 mg)
26. Justification for the Use of statins in
Primary prevention: an Intervention
Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
CV Risk Reduction –CRESTOR Outcome Study
Objective: The primary objective of the JUPITER study is to investigate
whether long-term treatment with rosuvastatin 20 mg decreases the rate
of first major cardiovascular events compared with placebo in patients with
low LDL-C but with increased risk as identified by elevated CRP levels
Ridker PM et al. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 1659–1664.
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
28. Landmark Statin Trial - Highlights
Trial Year
published
Population Treatment % LDL-
C
RRR*
4S 1994 High cholesterol
CHD
S 20-40 mg -35% -34%
WOSCOPS 1995 High cholesterol
No CHD
P 40 mg -26% -31%
CARE 1996 Average cholesterol
CHD
P 40 mg -32% -24%
AFCAPS/
TexCAPS
1998 Average cholesterol,
low HDL-C
No CHD
L 20-40 mg -25% -37%
HPS 2002 Average cholesterol
CHD or a CHD risk
equivalent
S 40 mg -29% -24%
JUPITER 2008 Low to normal LDL-C R20 -50% -44%
*Relative risk of experiencing a major CV event
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
30. Randomised (n=17,802)
mmol/L mg/dL
Total cholesterol 4.79 185
LDL-C 2.79 108
HDL-C 1.27 49
nonHDL-c 3.47 134
Triglycerides 1.33 118
Glucose 5.2 94
hsCRP, mg/L 4.3
HbA1c, % 5.7
Values expressed as median (interquartile range). For hsCRP, values are the mean of the screening and randomization visits.
LDL-C=low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C=high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP=median high sensitivity C-
reactive protein; HbA1c=glycosylated haemoglobin
Ridker PM et al. Am J Cardiol 2007; 100: 1659–1664.
Laboratory parameters at baseline
INTRO
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METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
31. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years
Placebo
Rosuvastatin 20 mg
JUPITER - Primary Endpoint
Percent
of
patients
with
primary
endpoint
Number at risk
RSV 8901 8412 3893 1353 538 157
Placebo 8901 8353 3872 1333 531 174
Hazard Ratio 0.56
(95% CI 0.46-0.69)
P<0.00001
NNT for 2y = 95
5y* = 25
44%
Reduction
Time to first occurrence of a CV death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal
MI, unstable angina or arterial revascularization
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
32. JUPITER - Total Mortality
Death from any cause
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years
Placebo
Rosuvastatin 20mg
Percent
total
mortality
Number at risk
RSV 8901 8787 4312 1602 676 227
Placebo 8901 8775 4319 1614 681 246
Hazard Ratio 0.80
(95% CI 0.67-0.97)
p=0.02 20%
Reduction
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
33. JUPITER - Primary Endpoint Components
Primary Endpoint 251 (1.36) 142 (0.77) 0.56 0.46-0.69 <0.001*
(Time to first occurrence of CV death, MI, stroke, unstable angina, arterial revascularisation)
Non-fatal MI 62 (0.33) 22 (0.12) 0.35 0.22-0.58 <0.001*
Fatal or non-fatal MI 68 (0.37) 31 (0.17) 0.46 0.30-0.70 0.0002
Non-fatal stroke 58 (0.31) 30 (0.16) 0.52 0.33-0.80 0.003
Fatal or non-fatal stroke 64 (0.34) 33 (0.18) 0.52 0.34-0.79 0.002
Arterial Revascularization 131 (0.71) 71 (0.38) 0.54 0.41-0.72 <0.0001
Unstable angina† 27 (0.14) 16 (0.09) 0.59 0.32-1.10 0.09
CV death, stroke, MI 157 (0.85) 83 (0.45) 0.53 0.40-0.69 <0.001*
Revascularization
or unstable angina 143 (0.77) 76 (0.41) 0.53 0.40-0.70 <0.001*
Placebo Rosuvastatin HR 95% CI p-value
[n=8901] [n=8901]
n (rate**) n (rate**)
** Rates are per 100 person years; † Hospitalisation due to unstable angina; *Actual p-value was < 0.00001
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
34. Tolerability and safety data
Adverse Events, (%)
Any serious adverse event 15.5 15.2 0.60
Muscle weakness, stiffness, pain 15.4 16.0 0.34
Myopathy 0.1 0.1 0.82
Rhabdomyolysis 0.0 <0.1* ----
Newly diagnosed cancer 3.5 3.4 0.51
Death from cancer 0.7 0.4 0.02
Gastrointestinal disorders 19.2 19.7 0.43
Renal disorders 5.4 6.0 0.08
Bleeding 3.1 2.9 0.45
Hepatic disorders 2.1 2.4 0.13
Other events, (%)
Newly diagnosed diabetes** 2.4 3.0 0.01
Haemorrhagic stroke 0.1 0.1 0.44
Placebo Rosuvastatin p-value
[n=8901] [n=8901]
*Occurred after trial completion; **physician reported newly diagnosed diabetes
INTRO
STELLAR
PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
35. Laboratory Safety Data
Laboratory Values, N (%)
Serum creatinine‡ 10 (0.10) 16 (0.20) 0.24
ALT > 3 x ULN# 17 (0.20) 23 (0.30) 0.34
Glycosuria† 32 (0.40) 36 (0.50) 0.64
Laboratory Values, median values (IQR)
GFR*, (mL/min/1.73m2) 66.6 (58.8-76.2) 66.8 (59.1-76.5) 0.02
% HbA1c** 5.8 (5.6-6.1) 5.9 (5.7-6.1) 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose**, (mg/dL) 98 (90-106) 98 (91-107) 0.12
Placebo Rosuvastatin p-value
[n=8901] [n=8901]
GFR = Glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c = Haemoglobin A1c
# on consecutive visits, ‡ >100% increase from baseline, *at 12 months, **at 24 months, †>trace at 12 months
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METEOR
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JUPITER
36. JUPITER – summary and perspectives
The JUPITER study included patients with low to normal LDL-C who were
at increased CV risk as identified by elevated CRP levels and who did not require
statin treatment based on current treatment guidelines
A 44% reduction in the primary endpoint of major cardiovascular events
(composite of: CV death, MI, stroke, unstable angina, arterial revascularisation)
was observed in patients who received rosuvastatin 20 mg compared with
placebo (p< 0.00001)
A 20% reduction in total mortality was observed in patients who received
rosuvastatin 20 mg compared with placebo (p=0.02), a unique finding for statins
in a population without established CHD
In JUPITER, long-term treatment with rosuvastatin 20 mg was well tolerated
in nearly 9000 study participants
There was no difference between treatment groups for muscle weakness,
cancer, haematological disorders, gastrointestinal, hepatic or renal systems
The results from JUPITER highlight the importance of highly effective
statin treatment for these patients with an increased risk of CV disease
INTRO
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PEPI
METEOR
ASTEROID
JUPITER
37. Assurance of
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
comes from broad Clinical Experience
Best in class
HDL-C increase, and LDL-C
decrease
1
PEPI 2
Nearly 500,000 a million
patients in real life, have
shown CRESTOR is superior
in CV risk reduction as
compared to all statins
First statin to show..treating
dyslipidemia with Crestor halts the
progression of atherosclerosis in low
risk patients leading to US FDA
approval in atherosclerosis
indication
3
4 out of 5 patients showed coronary
plaque regression in patients with
established CHD
4
First positive outcome on
CRESTOR – Study halted
because of unequivocal
superiority in cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality
5
CRESTOR
- Offers Comprehensive Lipid Management