The document discusses the lack of consensus around treating asymptomatic carotid artery disease. While surgery reduces the risk of stroke, the absolute benefit is small given the already low risk with medical management alone. More recent data favors a purely medical approach for most asymptomatic patients. The evidence for invasive treatments like carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or stenting is considered weak, with no clear benefits shown for subgroups like women, those over 75, or different degrees of stenosis. Treating asymptomatic disease at a population level may lead to many unnecessary interventions that provide little benefit given evolving medical therapies.
This document discusses different treatment options for in-stent restenosis, including drug-eluting balloons (DEBs). It summarizes the results of several clinical trials that compared DEBs to other treatments such as plain balloon angioplasty and drug-eluting stents. The trials showed that DEBs were non-inferior or superior to other options in reducing restenosis rates and target lesion revascularization at follow-up timepoints ranging from 6 months to 3 years, with comparable or lower risks of death and heart attack. DEBs therefore represent a promising treatment for in-stent restenosis that may avoid the need for additional stent layers.
1) Complete revascularization (CR), defined as treating all significant coronary stenoses, is associated with lower mortality compared to incomplete revascularization (IR) based on observational studies and randomized trials. IR is more common after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
2) For stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), CR is recommended when feasible, while for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), treating the culprit lesion only is usually recommended initially, with staged revascularization of non-culprit lesions if needed.
3) Randomized trials of preventive PCI of non-culprit lesions in STEMI
This document provides information on the efficacy and safety of pre-treatment with antiplatelet drugs prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on multiple clinical trials and studies. The key findings are:
1) The ACCOAST trial of over 4,000 patients found no difference in the primary efficacy endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent revascularization or bailout GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use at 7 and 30 days between patients pre-treated with prasugrel versus no pre-treatment.
2) For the subgroup of patients undergoing PCI, there was also no difference in the primary endpoint between pre-treatment and no pre-treatment.
3) Analysis of over 15
Novedades en el manejo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en los principales congresos del año 2016
29/11/2016 18:00h Casa del Corazón, Madrid
http://cvvt.secardiologia.es
Perspectiva del cardiólogo clínico
Dr. Domingo Marzal Martín. Complejo Hospitalario de Mérida (Badajoz)
Friday 1719 – brilakis meta-analyses of clinical outcomes of patients who u...Euro CTO Club
1. The document summarizes multiple meta-analyses of clinical outcomes for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs).
2. Success rates for CTO PCI are around 77% with major adverse cardiac event rates of around 3.0%. Complication rates are generally low but mortality, major adverse cardiac events, and need for emergency bypass surgery are higher with failed versus successful CTO PCI.
3. Successful CTO PCI is associated with improved ejection fraction and reduction in left ventricular end diastolic volume.
The document discusses recent developments in left atrial appendage closure. Key points include:
- Long term results and meta-analyses from randomized trials of warfarin vs. Watchman leading to FDA approval.
- Differences between trial populations and real-world patients.
- Results from studies of patients who cannot take oral anticoagulants.
- Technical advances in devices.
- Role of CT imaging.
This document provides an overview and update on gender differences in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Some key points summarized:
1) Women have historically experienced later referrals for treatment of ACS, resulting in more advanced coronary artery disease and worse outcomes. However, outcomes after PCI have improved over time for both men and women.
2) Women continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials of PCI due to barriers like later presentation and higher risk profiles making them ineligible.
3) While early data showed gender was an independent predictor of mortality after PCI, more recent studies have found no differences in death or re-intervention rates between men and women after adjusting for
The document discusses the lack of consensus around treating asymptomatic carotid artery disease. While surgery reduces the risk of stroke, the absolute benefit is small given the already low risk with medical management alone. More recent data favors a purely medical approach for most asymptomatic patients. The evidence for invasive treatments like carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or stenting is considered weak, with no clear benefits shown for subgroups like women, those over 75, or different degrees of stenosis. Treating asymptomatic disease at a population level may lead to many unnecessary interventions that provide little benefit given evolving medical therapies.
This document discusses different treatment options for in-stent restenosis, including drug-eluting balloons (DEBs). It summarizes the results of several clinical trials that compared DEBs to other treatments such as plain balloon angioplasty and drug-eluting stents. The trials showed that DEBs were non-inferior or superior to other options in reducing restenosis rates and target lesion revascularization at follow-up timepoints ranging from 6 months to 3 years, with comparable or lower risks of death and heart attack. DEBs therefore represent a promising treatment for in-stent restenosis that may avoid the need for additional stent layers.
1) Complete revascularization (CR), defined as treating all significant coronary stenoses, is associated with lower mortality compared to incomplete revascularization (IR) based on observational studies and randomized trials. IR is more common after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
2) For stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), CR is recommended when feasible, while for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), treating the culprit lesion only is usually recommended initially, with staged revascularization of non-culprit lesions if needed.
3) Randomized trials of preventive PCI of non-culprit lesions in STEMI
This document provides information on the efficacy and safety of pre-treatment with antiplatelet drugs prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on multiple clinical trials and studies. The key findings are:
1) The ACCOAST trial of over 4,000 patients found no difference in the primary efficacy endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent revascularization or bailout GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use at 7 and 30 days between patients pre-treated with prasugrel versus no pre-treatment.
2) For the subgroup of patients undergoing PCI, there was also no difference in the primary endpoint between pre-treatment and no pre-treatment.
3) Analysis of over 15
Novedades en el manejo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en los principales congresos del año 2016
29/11/2016 18:00h Casa del Corazón, Madrid
http://cvvt.secardiologia.es
Perspectiva del cardiólogo clínico
Dr. Domingo Marzal Martín. Complejo Hospitalario de Mérida (Badajoz)
Friday 1719 – brilakis meta-analyses of clinical outcomes of patients who u...Euro CTO Club
1. The document summarizes multiple meta-analyses of clinical outcomes for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs).
2. Success rates for CTO PCI are around 77% with major adverse cardiac event rates of around 3.0%. Complication rates are generally low but mortality, major adverse cardiac events, and need for emergency bypass surgery are higher with failed versus successful CTO PCI.
3. Successful CTO PCI is associated with improved ejection fraction and reduction in left ventricular end diastolic volume.
The document discusses recent developments in left atrial appendage closure. Key points include:
- Long term results and meta-analyses from randomized trials of warfarin vs. Watchman leading to FDA approval.
- Differences between trial populations and real-world patients.
- Results from studies of patients who cannot take oral anticoagulants.
- Technical advances in devices.
- Role of CT imaging.
This document provides an overview and update on gender differences in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Some key points summarized:
1) Women have historically experienced later referrals for treatment of ACS, resulting in more advanced coronary artery disease and worse outcomes. However, outcomes after PCI have improved over time for both men and women.
2) Women continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials of PCI due to barriers like later presentation and higher risk profiles making them ineligible.
3) While early data showed gender was an independent predictor of mortality after PCI, more recent studies have found no differences in death or re-intervention rates between men and women after adjusting for
Revascularization vs Medical Treatment for Coronary Disease in DiabetesIris Thiele Isip-Tan
- CABG may offer benefits over PCI for patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel CAD or left ventricular systolic dysfunction based on evidence from studies like BARI and SYNTAX. PCI with drug-eluting stents is equivalent to CABG for single-vessel disease when LV function is normal.
- The BARI 2D trial found that for patients with type 2 diabetes and established heart disease, an initial strategy of prompt revascularization plus intensive medical therapy was not more effective than intensive medical therapy alone in reducing mortality or major cardiovascular events.
- Screening for CAD in asymptomatic patients with diabetes remains controversial. Studies like DIAD found that routine screening with stress myocardial perfusion imaging did not significantly reduce cardiac events
This document summarizes the results of the German Aortic Valve Registry (GARY) which collected data on 13,860 patients undergoing either conventional surgery or catheter-based procedures for aortic valve disease in 2011. The registry included data on 6,523 patients who underwent conventional aortic valve replacement without coronary bypass surgery (AVR), 3,464 who underwent AVR with coronary bypass surgery (AVR+CABG), 2,695 who underwent transvascular catheter-based aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and 1,181 who underwent transapical TAVI. Patients who underwent catheter-based procedures were significantly older and had higher risk profiles. The in-hospital stroke rates were low across all groups. In-
Current Guidelines of Myocardial Revascularisation Patients with Stable Angin...Chaichuk Sergiy
- The document summarizes current guidelines on revascularization for patients with stable angina from the joint ESC-EACTS Guidelines on Myocardial Revascularization published in 2010.
- It finds CABG superior to PCI in reducing mortality and myocardial infarction, especially for patients with diabetes, left main or 3-vessel disease, and SYNTAX scores >22.
- The guidelines recommend CABG over PCI for these high-risk patient subgroups based on the SYNTAX trial and other studies comparing outcomes of CABG versus PCI.
Excelencia en el Manejo del Síndrome Coronario Agudo.
Cambiando el paradigma de tratamiento de los pacientes con Cardiopatía Isquémica.
15/04/2015 18:00h - 20:00h Casa del corazón. Sociedad Española de Cardiología
http://cvvt.secardiologia.es
Antiagregación en los pacientes con Cardiopatía Isquémica
Dr. Héctor Bueno Zamora. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (Madrid)
XXVII Reunión anual de la sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista
16 y 17 de junio de 2016 León
http://secardiologia.es/xxvii-reunion-anual-de-la-seccion-de-hemodinamica-y-cardiologia-intervencionista
Novedades en farmacología en intervencionismo
Antonio Fernández Ortiz (Hosp. Clínico San Carlos. Madrid)
The document discusses recent studies in interventional cardiology that have impacted daily practice. It focuses on structural heart disease and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It summarizes the results of the NOTION trial which found TAVI to be safe and effective compared to surgical aortic valve replacement in lower risk patients over 70 years of age. The document also discusses the PREVAIL trial which supported the safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Guidelines for left atrial appendage occlusion from the European Society of Cardiology may be updated based on recent data.
1) The study compared transradial access (TRA) to transfemoral access (TFA) for coronary angiography in orthotopic heart transplant patients.
2) It found that while procedural time was similar, TRA was associated with higher contrast use, longer fluoroscopy time, and more catheters used for left coronary ostium cannulation compared to TFA.
3) However, no differences in adverse cardiac events or vascular complications between the two access routes were observed. The results suggest TRA may require a specific learning curve for operators, even for those experienced with radial procedures.
SOLACI Chile Congress 2011. Dr.Ajay Kirtane. Drug-Eluting Stents for Multivessel PCI: Indications and Outcomes. Find more presentations on the web site: www.solaci.org/
Cardiovascular PET-CT uses positron emission tomography and computed tomography to non-invasively image the heart and blood vessels. FDG-PET shows promise for detecting vulnerable plaques by measuring vascular inflammation. A study found FDG uptake in carotid plaques correlated with histological evidence of inflammation, such as macrophage staining. This suggests PET may help characterize plaque inflammation and identify high-risk patients. However, structural imaging like CT is also needed to detect plaques and guide PET measurements. Further research in larger populations is still needed to verify FDG-PET's ability to measure vascular inflammation in humans.
Presentación "Manejo de la antiagregación ajustada a las pruebas de reactividad plaquetaria. Experiencia, Resultados y futuro de un programa nacional" del Dr. Daniel Aradi durante la Mesa Redonda de Antiagregación de la XXV Reunión Anual de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista (SHCI) de 2014 en Córdoba.
1) Carotid artery stenosis is a major risk factor for stroke. While carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to reduce stroke risk in selected low-risk patients, many patients are at high surgical risk or have exclusion criteria.
2) Early trials of carotid artery stenting (CAS) showed high complication rates but technology and experience have improved outcomes over time. Recent trials show CAS may have slightly better outcomes than CEA in high-risk patients.
3) Ongoing trials are further evaluating CAS compared to CEA in both high-risk and low-risk patients. The use of distal protection devices during CAS appears important for reducing complications.
This document discusses the selection criteria for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients at intermediate risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. It outlines the criteria the heart team considers, including untreated severe aortic stenosis, asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis, aortic stenosis with coronary artery disease or previous surgery, bioprosthetic valve failure, and patient refusal of surgery if over 75 years old. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of TAVI versus surgery in similar intermediate risk patients. For the first time, a percutaneous treatment was found to have better outcomes than surgery for certain patients.
- Clinical trials have shown that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces the risk of stroke compared to best medical treatment (BMT) alone in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis over 50%-60%.
- However, more recent evidence suggests the risk of stroke for asymptomatic patients on BMT alone has declined over time and is now under 1% annually. Intensive medical management may further reduce stroke risks.
- While CEA remains an option for very high-risk asymptomatic patients, the marginal benefit is small and BMT alone may now be preferred for most asymptomatic carotid stenosis cases given the low stroke risks with improved medical therapy.
Presentación "Update de los estudios de ABSORB hasta 2014" del Dr. Flavio Ribichini durante la Mesa Redonda sobre Scaffolds reabsorbibles de la XXV Reunión Anual de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista (SHCI) de 2014 en Córdoba.
This document discusses the use of a slender 6Fr intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) system compared to the standard 8Fr system. A study of 42 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention with prophylactic IABP support found no complications with the 6Fr system, while the 8Fr system had re-bleeding and hematoma in some patients. The 6Fr system also allowed for shorter bed rest time. Trans-brachial insertion of the 6Fr IABP had even shorter bed rest and hospital stay times than transfemoral insertion. However, the 6Fr system has limitations such as a small balloon volume and inability to monitor pressure or use radial approaches.
Impact of contralateral carotid or vertebral artery occlusion in patients und...uvcd
1) The study analyzed the risk of early neurologic complications in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) based on the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) or vertebral artery occlusion (VAO).
2) CCAS was associated with significantly higher rates of early neurologic complications (8.1% vs 2.6%) and stroke (6.8% vs 1.3%) compared to CEA.
3) For CEA patients, CCO and a history of stroke were independent risk factors for early neurologic complications, but CCO was not a risk factor for stroke.
Wyniki leczenia przezskónego asd - prof. Jacek Białkowskipiodof
This document summarizes the results of percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) in patients. It finds that:
1) Transcatheter closure is now the treatment of choice for most ASD Type II cases, with over 90% able to be closed this way.
2) The author's center has performed over 1,000 ASD closures since 1997, mostly using the Amplatzer device, with low rates of complications like embolization.
3) While generally safe, complications like erosion of the atrial wall are still possible even after months and close follow-up is needed after the procedure.
Este documento describe una investigación sobre los factores que afectan la cobertura y calidad de los servicios de salud en el sector rural del municipio de Cimitarra. Se realizaron entrevistas con funcionarios de salud, pacientes y un médico que revelaron que existe baja cobertura, poca infraestructura e insuficiente personal médico. Los datos muestran que menos de la mitad de la población rural tiene acceso a la salud. Se requiere más inversión en infraestructura y recursos humanos para mejorar la cobertura y calidad en este sector.
Este documento discute el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) para fortalecer los sistemas de información y toma de decisiones en el campo de la salud pública en Bogotá. Señala que herramientas como los sistemas de información geográfica, plataformas para redes sociales, y sitios web como HealthMap y Google Earth apoyan el análisis de variables demográficas y epidemiológicas. Además, estas herramientas permiten múltiples interacciones simultáneas y resp
Revascularization vs Medical Treatment for Coronary Disease in DiabetesIris Thiele Isip-Tan
- CABG may offer benefits over PCI for patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel CAD or left ventricular systolic dysfunction based on evidence from studies like BARI and SYNTAX. PCI with drug-eluting stents is equivalent to CABG for single-vessel disease when LV function is normal.
- The BARI 2D trial found that for patients with type 2 diabetes and established heart disease, an initial strategy of prompt revascularization plus intensive medical therapy was not more effective than intensive medical therapy alone in reducing mortality or major cardiovascular events.
- Screening for CAD in asymptomatic patients with diabetes remains controversial. Studies like DIAD found that routine screening with stress myocardial perfusion imaging did not significantly reduce cardiac events
This document summarizes the results of the German Aortic Valve Registry (GARY) which collected data on 13,860 patients undergoing either conventional surgery or catheter-based procedures for aortic valve disease in 2011. The registry included data on 6,523 patients who underwent conventional aortic valve replacement without coronary bypass surgery (AVR), 3,464 who underwent AVR with coronary bypass surgery (AVR+CABG), 2,695 who underwent transvascular catheter-based aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and 1,181 who underwent transapical TAVI. Patients who underwent catheter-based procedures were significantly older and had higher risk profiles. The in-hospital stroke rates were low across all groups. In-
Current Guidelines of Myocardial Revascularisation Patients with Stable Angin...Chaichuk Sergiy
- The document summarizes current guidelines on revascularization for patients with stable angina from the joint ESC-EACTS Guidelines on Myocardial Revascularization published in 2010.
- It finds CABG superior to PCI in reducing mortality and myocardial infarction, especially for patients with diabetes, left main or 3-vessel disease, and SYNTAX scores >22.
- The guidelines recommend CABG over PCI for these high-risk patient subgroups based on the SYNTAX trial and other studies comparing outcomes of CABG versus PCI.
Excelencia en el Manejo del Síndrome Coronario Agudo.
Cambiando el paradigma de tratamiento de los pacientes con Cardiopatía Isquémica.
15/04/2015 18:00h - 20:00h Casa del corazón. Sociedad Española de Cardiología
http://cvvt.secardiologia.es
Antiagregación en los pacientes con Cardiopatía Isquémica
Dr. Héctor Bueno Zamora. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (Madrid)
XXVII Reunión anual de la sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista
16 y 17 de junio de 2016 León
http://secardiologia.es/xxvii-reunion-anual-de-la-seccion-de-hemodinamica-y-cardiologia-intervencionista
Novedades en farmacología en intervencionismo
Antonio Fernández Ortiz (Hosp. Clínico San Carlos. Madrid)
The document discusses recent studies in interventional cardiology that have impacted daily practice. It focuses on structural heart disease and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It summarizes the results of the NOTION trial which found TAVI to be safe and effective compared to surgical aortic valve replacement in lower risk patients over 70 years of age. The document also discusses the PREVAIL trial which supported the safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Guidelines for left atrial appendage occlusion from the European Society of Cardiology may be updated based on recent data.
1) The study compared transradial access (TRA) to transfemoral access (TFA) for coronary angiography in orthotopic heart transplant patients.
2) It found that while procedural time was similar, TRA was associated with higher contrast use, longer fluoroscopy time, and more catheters used for left coronary ostium cannulation compared to TFA.
3) However, no differences in adverse cardiac events or vascular complications between the two access routes were observed. The results suggest TRA may require a specific learning curve for operators, even for those experienced with radial procedures.
SOLACI Chile Congress 2011. Dr.Ajay Kirtane. Drug-Eluting Stents for Multivessel PCI: Indications and Outcomes. Find more presentations on the web site: www.solaci.org/
Cardiovascular PET-CT uses positron emission tomography and computed tomography to non-invasively image the heart and blood vessels. FDG-PET shows promise for detecting vulnerable plaques by measuring vascular inflammation. A study found FDG uptake in carotid plaques correlated with histological evidence of inflammation, such as macrophage staining. This suggests PET may help characterize plaque inflammation and identify high-risk patients. However, structural imaging like CT is also needed to detect plaques and guide PET measurements. Further research in larger populations is still needed to verify FDG-PET's ability to measure vascular inflammation in humans.
Presentación "Manejo de la antiagregación ajustada a las pruebas de reactividad plaquetaria. Experiencia, Resultados y futuro de un programa nacional" del Dr. Daniel Aradi durante la Mesa Redonda de Antiagregación de la XXV Reunión Anual de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista (SHCI) de 2014 en Córdoba.
1) Carotid artery stenosis is a major risk factor for stroke. While carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to reduce stroke risk in selected low-risk patients, many patients are at high surgical risk or have exclusion criteria.
2) Early trials of carotid artery stenting (CAS) showed high complication rates but technology and experience have improved outcomes over time. Recent trials show CAS may have slightly better outcomes than CEA in high-risk patients.
3) Ongoing trials are further evaluating CAS compared to CEA in both high-risk and low-risk patients. The use of distal protection devices during CAS appears important for reducing complications.
This document discusses the selection criteria for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients at intermediate risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. It outlines the criteria the heart team considers, including untreated severe aortic stenosis, asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis, aortic stenosis with coronary artery disease or previous surgery, bioprosthetic valve failure, and patient refusal of surgery if over 75 years old. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of TAVI versus surgery in similar intermediate risk patients. For the first time, a percutaneous treatment was found to have better outcomes than surgery for certain patients.
- Clinical trials have shown that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces the risk of stroke compared to best medical treatment (BMT) alone in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis over 50%-60%.
- However, more recent evidence suggests the risk of stroke for asymptomatic patients on BMT alone has declined over time and is now under 1% annually. Intensive medical management may further reduce stroke risks.
- While CEA remains an option for very high-risk asymptomatic patients, the marginal benefit is small and BMT alone may now be preferred for most asymptomatic carotid stenosis cases given the low stroke risks with improved medical therapy.
Presentación "Update de los estudios de ABSORB hasta 2014" del Dr. Flavio Ribichini durante la Mesa Redonda sobre Scaffolds reabsorbibles de la XXV Reunión Anual de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista (SHCI) de 2014 en Córdoba.
This document discusses the use of a slender 6Fr intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) system compared to the standard 8Fr system. A study of 42 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention with prophylactic IABP support found no complications with the 6Fr system, while the 8Fr system had re-bleeding and hematoma in some patients. The 6Fr system also allowed for shorter bed rest time. Trans-brachial insertion of the 6Fr IABP had even shorter bed rest and hospital stay times than transfemoral insertion. However, the 6Fr system has limitations such as a small balloon volume and inability to monitor pressure or use radial approaches.
Impact of contralateral carotid or vertebral artery occlusion in patients und...uvcd
1) The study analyzed the risk of early neurologic complications in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) based on the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) or vertebral artery occlusion (VAO).
2) CCAS was associated with significantly higher rates of early neurologic complications (8.1% vs 2.6%) and stroke (6.8% vs 1.3%) compared to CEA.
3) For CEA patients, CCO and a history of stroke were independent risk factors for early neurologic complications, but CCO was not a risk factor for stroke.
Wyniki leczenia przezskónego asd - prof. Jacek Białkowskipiodof
This document summarizes the results of percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) in patients. It finds that:
1) Transcatheter closure is now the treatment of choice for most ASD Type II cases, with over 90% able to be closed this way.
2) The author's center has performed over 1,000 ASD closures since 1997, mostly using the Amplatzer device, with low rates of complications like embolization.
3) While generally safe, complications like erosion of the atrial wall are still possible even after months and close follow-up is needed after the procedure.
Este documento describe una investigación sobre los factores que afectan la cobertura y calidad de los servicios de salud en el sector rural del municipio de Cimitarra. Se realizaron entrevistas con funcionarios de salud, pacientes y un médico que revelaron que existe baja cobertura, poca infraestructura e insuficiente personal médico. Los datos muestran que menos de la mitad de la población rural tiene acceso a la salud. Se requiere más inversión en infraestructura y recursos humanos para mejorar la cobertura y calidad en este sector.
Este documento discute el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) para fortalecer los sistemas de información y toma de decisiones en el campo de la salud pública en Bogotá. Señala que herramientas como los sistemas de información geográfica, plataformas para redes sociales, y sitios web como HealthMap y Google Earth apoyan el análisis de variables demográficas y epidemiológicas. Además, estas herramientas permiten múltiples interacciones simultáneas y resp
Teks tersebut membahas tentang kearifan lokal di Desa Ledok, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah yang memiliki potensi tambang minyak bumi. Desa ini memiliki sekitar 200 sumur minyak warisan zaman Belanda yang sekarang dikelola secara tradisional oleh masyarakat. Mereka menjual hasil tambang berupa minyak mentah kepada PT Pertamina. Globalisasi berdampak pada masuknya perusahaan asing yang mengelola tambang di
Este estudio de opinión evaluó las preferencias electorales para Diputado Federal en 8 municipios de Aguascalientes. Se entrevistó a 3,500 personas de forma aleatoria, con un margen de error de 5%. Los resultados mostraron que Gregorio Zamarripa es el candidato más competitivo con 30.8% de apoyo, seguido por Daniel Gutiérrez con 19.6%. La mayoría de encuestados se sienten seguros (32.2%) o seguros (36.4%) de votar por su candidato preferido en las elecciones de diciemb
- Online chat refers to any real-time text communication over the Internet between a sender and receiver(s). It aims to create a feeling of spoken conversation through short, quick messages.
- A social network consists of social entities (people or organizations) connected by relationships in a graph structure. Social network analysis studies these structures and identifies patterns and influential entities.
- A search box is a common user interface element that accepts user input to be searched for in a database, usually used to submit queries to search engines on websites. It is typically a single-line text box sometimes accompanied by a search button.
Problemática de preservacion de especies de fauna y flora asociado a dinamica...Michael Trujillo
El documento describe el problema de preservación de especies de fauna y flora en el humedal Juan Amarillo debido a dinámicas humanas. Se plantean objetivos de investigar el conocimiento comunitario sobre el humedal, procesos formativos y falta de sensibilización ambiental. La pregunta de investigación indaga sobre los procesos necesarios para lograr un sentido de pertenencia hacia el ecosistema. Para obtener datos se aplicó una encuesta a residentes sobre frecuencia de visitas al humedal, reconocimiento de especies, estado del humedal e importancia per
This text introduces the results of the first phase in the characterization of the teachers in a school, where a process of shared reflection was initiated, with a view to developing a digital culture in the school community’s day to day. Although it may well be assumed that we are dealing with a process of transformation which involves different dimensions and, at this diagnostic stage, that other subjects and areas of intervention have been analysed, we have chosen to broach here the variable of “teachers” as they appear to us as one of the determining pillars in any process of transformation within the school institution.
Seven group interviews covering a total of 53 teachers and educators were carried out, in other words, almost half of the teaching body in the school. In accordance with the objectives of the study and the respective guide, the analysis of the content of the interviews’ transcripts had to mainly reveal the perceptions of the teachers and educators, and what digital technology they already use in the school.
The results presented here confirm the idea that, from the professional point of view, the teachers use technology mainly for the preparation of the classes, although in the case of this school, they also use it regularly to support presenting material to the pupils. The teachers were seen to be very capable especially with the tools of productivity, as well as the tools to gain access to information and communication through the Internet, which they use both for personal ends and to prepare their lessons.
El documento define un aneurisma como una dilatación localizada e irreversible de un segmento de arteria que tiene al menos un 50% de aumento de diámetro comparado con la arteria normal. Explica que los principales factores de riesgo son la hipertensión, dislipidemia, tabaquismo, antecedentes familiares y defectos genéticos del tejido conectivo. Generalmente un aneurisma es asintomático pero puede causar dolor abdominal, lumbar, pulsaciones o vómitos. Para diagnosticarlo y tratarlo se realizan exámenes
Crowdsourcing en colombia Tecnologia y sociedadwballesteros
Este documento describe un proyecto de investigación sobre el uso de crowdsourcing para recopilar opiniones y recomendaciones de productos y servicios en Colombia. El objetivo general es crear una plataforma en línea para que los consumidores expresen y califiquen fácilmente sus opiniones sobre productos en el mercado colombiano. La investigación incluye una encuesta para determinar qué información es más relevante para los colombianos al evaluar un producto y desarrollar una aplicación que permita calificar atributos, subir fotos y videos, y clas
Este documento describe un estudio sobre el aprendizaje de estudiantes en la universidad ECCI a través de aulas virtuales. Se aplicó una encuesta a 10 estudiantes que tomaban clases virtuales. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría opinó que las aulas virtuales contribuyeron a su crecimiento personal y profesional, y les aportaron conocimientos importantes a través de herramientas como foros. Además, aprendieron a usar programas y software, y la mayoría invierte tiempo suficiente en las actividades virtuales para su aprendizaje.
21st century learning skills involve students learning subjects by producing, synthesizing, and evaluating information using technology rather than just memorizing details. Web 2.0 tools allow for creating, collaborating on, editing, and sharing online content, making the learning process easier and more engaging. Incorporating 21st century skills into lessons helps students better understand and remember content by experiencing technology firsthand rather than solely using traditional teaching methods.
O documento descreve um projeto de alfabetização digital chamado "Literacia Sociodigital" implementado em uma escola portuguesa para desenvolver competências digitais e sociais nos alunos. O projeto usou metodologias colaborativas com tecnologias para promover a comunicação, aprendizagem, produção e segurança online. Os professores relataram melhorias nas habilidades digitais e de trabalho em equipe dos alunos após dois anos do projeto.
There are many more courses after completing the 12th class in which the students can get ourselves enrolled in the better future. The students are divided into various groups. Mainly divide into groups, some option for the science, while others opt for arts. Also, some option for the commerce too. In this place we are discussing the future course for the student of science.
This document compares Mexico City's hosting of the 1968 Olympics with Rio de Janeiro's hosting of the 2016 Olympics. Both countries used the Olympics to promote themselves as modern nations and showcase their cultures, but faced domestic issues like corruption and overspending. Mexico was more successful at incorporating its diverse culture than Brazil has been. Sports play a significant role in both countries' national identities and governments have often used successful sports teams to gain popularity, though citizens have also used sports to protest issues.
The document discusses the role of imaging coronary calcium using electron beam tomography (EBT) scans. It provides evidence that EBT calcium scores are strongly correlated with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque buildup. It also shows that higher EBT calcium scores are associated with significantly higher risks of future cardiovascular events, with risk increasing progressively as calcium scores rise. EBT calcium scoring more accurately predicts cardiovascular risk than traditional risk models like Framingham and can reclassify a person's risk level in about half of intermediate-risk individuals.
What is the place of CT coronary angiography in ED chest pain?kellyam18
CT coronary angiography is a relatively new modality for identifying coronary artery disease. What is its place in ED chest pain assessment. See the evidence -and the evidence gaps- and judge for yourself where it might fit!
- Coronary physiology guided interventions like fractional flow reserve (FFR) have the potential to provide benefit by reducing myocardial infarction and death compared to angiogram-guided revascularization alone.
- Tests like FFR measure the pressure difference across a stenosis to determine the functional significance and guide whether intervention is needed. Studies show FFR can identify patients unlikely to benefit from intervention who can avoid unnecessary procedures.
- Coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) provides a continuous measure of coronary physiology severity associated with risk of future adverse events like death or MI. Patients with severely reduced CFR may benefit from revascularization while mild/moderate reductions can be managed medically.
CT coronary angiography in ED chest pain patientskellyam18
CTCA shows promise in reducing length of stay and costs for ED chest pain patients, but more research is needed. While CTCA is highly sensitive for detecting CAD, it may overestimate lesion severity and has radiation risks. Current evidence does not clearly support CTCA as a routine test for ED chest pain patients without known CAD who have normal ECG and biomarkers. CTCA may be useful in select subgroups, but how to define these subgroups is unclear.
CT coronary angiography Pay Now, Benefits May Follow piuonesto
A 52-year-old man asks the doctor about getting a coronary artery calcium scan due to his family history of heart disease, despite having no symptoms himself. The doctor advises against the scan due to the man's low cardiovascular risk and lack of evidence that such scans improve outcomes or guide treatment decisions. The doctor recommends aspirin, a statin, and exercise instead. While the patient is not concerned about radiation risks, the doctor explains the scan would still not change recommendations since clean coronaries would not necessarily mean low risk.
Prasugrel Compared to Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing PCI with Stenting: the TRITON - TIMI 38 Stent Analysis trial found that intensive antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel compared to clopidogrel resulted in a 52% reduction in stent thrombosis across various patient groups and stent types. Prasugrel provided significant reductions in ischemic events but increased major bleeding compared to clopidogrel. The net clinical benefit of prasugrel supported its efficacy in reducing stent thrombosis and ischemic events.
Rol actual del cardiodesfibrilador implantable subcutáneo en la prevención de...Sergio Pinski
This document summarizes the role of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICD) in preventing sudden cardiac death. It discusses:
- How S-ICDs detect and treat ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia without leads in the heart.
- Studies showing S-ICDs effectively detect and terminate arrhythmias while having a lower risk of complications than transvenous ICDs.
- S-ICDs should be considered for any patient with an ICD indication who does not require cardiac pacing. Ongoing randomized trials will further establish the role of S-ICDs.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on statins. It discusses the benefits of statins in reducing cardiovascular events and mortality in both primary and secondary prevention. It addresses several controversies around statins, including their association with diabetes, cognitive impairment, cancer, and hemorrhagic stroke. While some modest risks are noted, the overall benefits of statins in reducing cardiovascular risk are found to outweigh these potential risks. The document emphasizes the importance of statin adherence to achieve optimal outcomes and addresses targets for LDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels according to recent guidelines.
Dr.amsterdam_Low Risk ED Chest Pain Patients_SJMC Cardiovascular SymposiumStJosephsMedicalCenter
1) The document discusses evaluation and management of low-risk chest pain patients presenting to the emergency department.
2) It outlines the use of accelerated diagnostic protocols using serial electrocardiograms and cardiac biomarkers to quickly exclude heart attacks.
3) For some low-risk patients, no additional "confirmatory" testing is needed while for others tests like exercise treadmill testing, nuclear imaging or CT coronary angiography may provide high negative predictive value.
4) CT coronary angiography shows promise as a confirmatory test when used selectively in appropriate low-risk patients but has limitations including radiation exposure and inability to exclude in many patients.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological dilatation of the normal aortic lumen that can be either fusiform or saccular in shape. AAAs affect about 2% of the population and rupture risk increases with diameter. Elective repair has a mortality of 1.5% while emergency repair has a 50% mortality rate. Screening is recommended for men aged 65-75 who smoke and men and women over 50 with a family history. Surgical repair or endovascular repair depends on aneurysm anatomy, with endovascular repair allowing for shorter hospital stays and recovery times. Prompt recognition and treatment of a ruptured AAA is critical to reduce high mortality rates from rupture.
Thorax cardio coeur heart evaluation asymptomatic smoker p douekJFIM
The document discusses cardiovascular risk assessment in asymptomatic patients, specifically evaluating a 50-year-old asymptomatic smoker using coronary artery calcium scoring. Coronary artery calcium scoring can help reclassify patients' risk levels compared to traditional risk models and may lead patients to modify risk factors or receive preventative treatments. However, calcium scoring has limitations and its ability to improve outcomes beyond risk factor modification requires further study.
1. The document discusses various clinical and pathological factors that can help predict outcomes for prostate cancer patients undergoing surgery, such as cancer volume, Gleason grade, clinical stage, and PSA levels.
2. Nomograms and statistical models have been developed using these factors to predict chances of cancer recurrence, pathologic stage, and disease progression.
3. However, some factors like clinical stage may have limited predictive value. Ongoing research aims to improve predictive accuracy by addressing issues like PSA standardization and biopsy upgrading.
The document discusses the cardio-renal syndrome, which refers to the bidirectional relationship between heart and kidney dysfunction. It provides several key points:
1) The cardio-renal axis is an important but often underestimated player in cardiovascular disease, as the heart and kidneys regulate many of the same processes and their dysfunction can exacerbate each other.
2) There are different types and definitions of cardio-renal syndrome depending on whether heart or kidney disease initiated or occurred secondarily.
3) Worsening renal function in heart failure is associated with higher mortality and morbidity, though it may simply indicate more severe heart failure rather than having a direct causal relationship.
4) Several studies demonstrate the link
La aterosclerosis como enfermedad sistémica una visión integral de la enfermedad cardiovascular
Miércoles, 22/06/16 18:00h-20:00h Casa del Corazón, Madrid
http://cvvt.secardiologia.es
#CVVT
La enfermedad aterosclerótica en cardiología: particularidades y novedades
Dr. Leopoldo Pérez de Isla. Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid
An Update on Carotid Artery PTAS:Contemporary Results, Trends, and Challenges...MedicineAndFamily
This document summarizes an update on carotid artery stenting (CAS). It discusses the rationale for CAS, guidelines for patient selection, results from clinical trials comparing CAS to carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Contemporary data shows similar perioperative risks for CAS and CEA. Embolic protection devices are recommended for CAS to prevent stroke from debris. Proper credentialing and facility requirements are important for CAS programs.
96091164 Slice Ct And Cerebral Atherosclerosis02calaf0618
1. Carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke compared to medical therapy alone in patients with symptomatic moderate (50-69%) carotid stenosis, with an absolute risk reduction of about 5-10% over 5 years.
2. For asymptomatic carotid stenosis ≥60%, carotid endarterectomy provides a relative risk reduction of 53% compared to aspirin alone, but medical therapy is still usually recommended due to the low baseline risk.
3. Carotid artery stenting is recommended for patients who are not suitable for surgery due to high surgical risk from conditions like severe cardiac or pulmonary disease.
This document contains guidelines and proposals for operational models from GISE-ANMCO-SIAARTI on the topic of coronary stents and surgery. It includes a protocol, results from position papers, consensus documents, studies on risk stratification and perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy, as well as proposals for apps and regional guidelines. The key points are to maintain aspirin in most patients, postpone high risk surgery if possible, discontinue P2Y12 inhibitors after 6 months only for low risk PCI, and use bridging LMWH in selected high risk cases.
- Primary PCI is the preferred reperfusion strategy for STEMI when it can be performed at an experienced center within 120 minutes of first medical contact. Fibrinolysis is an alternative if PCI cannot be performed within this time window.
- Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin results in significant improvements in outcomes for STEMI patients over aspirin alone based on the CLARITY-TIMI 28 and COMMIT trials.
- Enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin as an anticoagulant to support reperfusion therapy for STEMI based on the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 trial.
Similar to Dr. Jose Luis Zamorano. Evolución no invasiva de la enfermedad aterosclerótica (20)
La Sociedad Española de Cardiología (SEC) es una organización científica sin ánimo de lucro con la misión de reducir el impacto adverso de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y promover una mejor salud cardiovascular en la ciudadanía.
Ponencia presentada por la Dra. Marisol Bravo Amaro en el CardioTV Live ‘Debatiendo estrategias actuales para la reducción de eventos CV tras síndrome coronario agudo reciente’, realizado el 21 de mayo de 2024 en la Casa del Corazón
Ponencia presentada por el Dr. Armando Oterino Manzanas en el CardioTV Live ‘Debatiendo estrategias actuales para la reducción de eventos CV tras síndrome coronario agudo reciente’, realizado el 21 de mayo de 2024 en la Casa del Corazón
Ponencia presentada por la Dra. Miriam Martín Toro en el CardioTV Live ‘Debatiendo estrategias actuales para la reducción de eventos CV tras síndrome coronario agudo reciente’, realizado el 21 de mayo de 2024 en la Casa del Corazón
Ponencia presentada por los Dres. M.ª Dolores Mesa Rubio, Javier Mora Robles, Margarita Reina Sánchez, M.ª José Castillo Moraga y José Luis Bianchi Llave en el CardioTV Focus, publicado el 25 de abril de 2024 en la Casa del Corazón (Madrid).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
7. Evaluación de dolor torácico 1.- Morise et al.Am Heart J 1995;130:741-747 2.- Diamond. Am J Cardiol 1990;57:1175-1180 3.- Schwartz et al Circulation 1993;87:165-172 4.- Roger et al. Circulation 1997;95:405-410 Efecto del sesgo sobre diversas tecnicas Sen. sesgada Sen No sesgada Esp sesgada Esp. No sesgada Ergometria 1 H 56 40 81 96 M 47 33 73 89 Isotopos Ejercicio 2 77 57 48 70 Talio ejercicio 3 67 45 59 78 Talio 2 91 68 34 71 ECO ejer 4 H 78 42 37 83 M 79 32 34 86
8. IMAGEN CARDIACA EN LA ENFERMEDAD CORONARIA FUNCIONAL IMAGEN NUCLEAR (SPECT) ECOCARDIOGRAFIA DE ESTRES RESONANCIA MAGNETICA ANATOMICA CARDIO CRMN CT MULTICORTE ELECTROM BEAM CT
9. CT Evaluation of CAD Influence of Pre-Test Probability Pre-test Probability Post-test Probability 0 50 50 Stress MPI Stress Echo
10. Probabilidad Pretest de Enfermedad Coronaria ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing) 2002
11.
12. Influencia de la TAC en la probabilidad Pre-Test Meijboom et al, J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1469-75
13. CT Evaluation of CAD Influence of Pre-Test Probability Pre-test Probability Post-test Probability 0 50 50 Stress MPI Stress Echo Meijboom et al, J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1469-75 100
26. 60 años de edad No Fuma No Diabetes No HVI TA: 160/90 mmHg Colesterol Total: 225mg/dl HDL Colesterol: 40mg/dl 10 años. Riesgo CV : 28%
27. “ Posibildiad de un evento en los próximos 10 años en 100 personas como usted” Eventos Cardiovasculares sin TTO
28. “ Posibildiad de un evento en los próximos 10 años en 100 personas como usted” Eventos que prevengo con TTo antihipertensivo
29. Eventos prevenidos con AntiHTA Eventos prevenidos al añadir una estatina “ Posibildiad de un evento en los próximos 10 años en 100 personas como usted”
30.
31. Imagen CV y Gap N Engl J Med 2008;358:1336-45 . En población caucásica, un CS >100 JUNTO CON FRCV tradicional incrementó la predicción de cualquier evento coronario en un 5% frente al empleo EXCLUSIVO de variables epidemiológicas
32.
33. TCMD y Prevención de ECV Información anatómica: implicaciones pronósticas J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1161 TC-64
34. 68% de pacientes con coro previa a IM tienen coronarias normales Ziada Curr Prob Cardio1999:24 541 40 % de pacientes la cardiopatía isquémica debuta como IAM -Valoración de ateroesclerosis
35. JACC ,Vol. 52, No. 3, 2008 En pacientes que se presentan con dolor torácico agudo, las placas no calcificadas son altamente prevalentes. La ausencia de calcio no excluye fiablemente la presencia de CAD , aún CAD obstructiva.
36. Es desconocido el riesgo de IAM en pacientes con placa blanda detectados con TAC multicorte. Es desconocido el valor aditivo de encontrar una placa blanda sobre el valor del score calcio No sabemos cual es la estrategia adecuada para la prevención de complicaciones cardiovasculares en los pacientes con placa no calcificada - Los grandes interrogantes
37.
38.
39. 0% 20% 45% 75% 95% Grado de estenosis TAC / IVUS Isotopos-eco estress Ecg stress clínica - Valoración de ateroesclerosis
40.
41.
Editor's Notes
En esta diapo se refieren los datos de diversos test no invasivos, tanto en muestras sesgadas ( los estudios habituales) como no sesgados
Se ha presentado el ensayo CORE 64. este ensayo pretende valroar la sensibilidad y especificidad del TAC de 64 detectores frentea la cateterismo cardiaco en la deteccion de lesiones coronarias
Se realizara un TAC coornario a pacientes que por criterios clinicos s ehaya inidcado la realizacion d eun cateterismo., El protocolo incluye betabloqueo y administracion d enitroglicerina atodos los pacientes antes de la realizacion del TAC. LA estimacion d e la severidad de las lesione sen el cateterismo se realizo con angiografia cuantitiatva.
Aquellos pacientes que el score de calcio del TAC era superior a 600 fueron ex Al final del reclutamiento 291 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio.cluidos del estudio. Confirmando la escasa utilidad del TAC a la hora de la evaluacion de la severidad de las lesiones coronarias.
Los pacientes obviamente eran enfermos de alto riesgo. Todos iban a ser sometidos a cateterismo cardiaco por razones clinicas. LA mayoria eran varones, con hipertension e hiperlipidemia. El 20% habian tenido infarto previo y angina.
El valor predictivo neativo de la prueba ha sido menor que el obtenido en otros estudios no randomizados previos. LA explicacion de esto puede se rdebido a la gtran dependencia de estos valores de acuerdo a la prevalencia de enfermdad coronaria de los enfermos seleccionados para el estudio.
Esta diapositva ilustra lo comentado en la previa. Podemos ver la gran dependencia d elos resultados de valor predictivo negativo y positivo dependiendo de la prevalencia de enfermdad coronaria de los pacientes seleccionados
Esta diapositva ilustra lo comentado en la previa. Podemos ver la gran dependencia d elos resultados de valor predictivo negativo y positivo dependiendo de la prevalencia de enfermdad coronaria de los pacientes seleccionados
La presencia de ciertas variables epidemiológicas (llamadas factores de riesgo ) confieren un riesgo mayor de CHD frente a su ausencia
Está ampliamente reconocido que los scores de estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular presentan una potencia diagnóstica de aproximadamente el 70%. Es decir, un 30% de la población presentan una infraestimación o sobreestimación de su riesgo CV. Dado que la probabilidad de eventos oscila según la edad entre el 50 y el 30% hablamos de entre un 10 y un 15% de población que sabiendo que van a sufrir un evento no podrán ser identificados por las tablas.
La imagen cardiaca tiene mucho que decir al respecto. El Calcio Score ha abierto la puerta a intentar reclasificar por la imagen a pacientes asintomáticos en riesgo. Estamos diciendo que de ese 10-15% de pacientes que no es adecuadamente clasificado por las tablas tipo SCORE, el Calcio Score podría reducirlo a entre un 7-10% y, acompañado de la oportuna intervención, el número de eventos se reduciría.
Y es que el Calcio Score no es perfecto. Es una variable subrogada. Como herramienta para reducir el Gap en la detección de ECV, la capacidad del TCMC de detectar lesiones significativas (>50%) en PP con carga de calcio por debajo del umbral considerado de riesgo (100 U.H.) debería resultar en una reducción del Gap superior al que logra el Calcio Score y estimado en aproximadamente un 5% que es menor que la PCR hs ( 10%) y LEJOS de la meta (15%) .
Con el TC-64 hay datos que sugieren lo mismo.
S ehja presentado el programa SHAPE donde se pretende a 50 Millones de personas estratificar su riesgo con prueba de imagen. Iniclamente con ultrasonidos y medicion del grosor intima media cartoideo y en iun grupo amplio d epacoentes se va atratar tambien de realizar un scopre de calcio. Con esto s epretende , en base a patrones de imagen cardiovascular ver las diferencias en la estratificacion de riesgo comparado con los criterios clinicos clasicos y ademas realizar un seguimiento d elos pacientes para poder ver caracteristicas pronosticas.