This document summarizes a study that tested a two-stage aerobic wastewater treatment system to treat wastewater from a potato chips factory. The system consisted of a conventional activated sludge basin followed by a membrane bioreactor. Over a 100 day period, the system achieved high pollutant removal rates of over 97% for COD and BOD, over 94% for total nitrogen, and over 72% for total phosphorus. The analysis found that the membrane bioreactor was able to further reduce the biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater effluent compared to the activated sludge basin alone.
This document outlines a pre-thesis presentation on using a sequential batch reactor (SBR) to treat dairy wastewater. It includes an introduction to SBR technology, the objectives of studying this wastewater treatment method, a proposed methodology, and a work plan. The presentation covers dairy wastewater characteristics, the phases of SBR treatment, operational parameters, expected efficiency improvements over activated sludge processes, advantages and limitations of SBR, and conclusions from the literature review.
This document provides an introduction and process description of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). It describes the MBBR process which uses small plastic biofilm carriers that are circulated in an aerated tank to support biofilm growth. The biofilm grows on the inside surface of the carriers. Various design considerations are outlined, including carrier specifications, aeration requirements, and tank geometry. Advantages of MBBR systems are highlighted such as high removal efficiency even at low temperatures, reduced sludge production, and the ability to operate at varying loads.
This document provides design guidelines for a Small Flow Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (SMART-Treat) system for treating domestic and commercial wastewater. It details specifications for influent flows and loads, anticipated effluent quality, and presents a case study of a SMART-Treat system successfully treating high-strength wastewater from a golf club restaurant. Key aspects covered include sizing the system based on population equivalents, defining domestic septic tank effluent characteristics, and achieving Class I treated effluent quality with average BOD and TSS less than 30 mg/L. Commercial and higher strength wastes are addressed by equivalizing to population load.
This document discusses integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems for biological wastewater treatment. IFAS systems combine suspended and attached growth in aeration tanks by adding media. Three studies showed IFAS improved nutrient removal at full-scale plants. A lab study found IFAS effective for industrial wastewater. An IFAS-MBR system had better removal and less fouling than MBR alone. Pilot and full-scale IFAS successfully achieved nitritation-anammox for nitrogen removal. Overall, IFAS is cost-effective for retrofitting plants to increase capacity or improve effluent quality.
Urban wastewater is usually treated using conventional activated sludge processes, which involve bacteria breaking down pollutants. Membrane bioreactors improve on this by using a membrane to filter out bacteria instead of gravitational settling. This allows for higher concentrations of bacteria and produces very high quality treated water that can be reused. Membrane bioreactors have several advantages over conventional treatment, including more compact systems and better treatment, but also have higher costs and challenges with membrane fouling.
This document discusses various biological treatment methods for industrial waste. It begins by explaining that biological treatment uses bacteria and microorganisms to break down organic wastes. There are two main types - aerobic treatment which uses oxygen, and anaerobic treatment which does not use oxygen. Several specific aerobic treatment processes are then described in detail, including activated sludge process, sequential batch reactor, and trickling filters. Anaerobic treatment is also covered, noting it converts wastes to methane and is suitable for high-strength wastes. The advantages and disadvantages of both aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment are presented.
Different Wastewater treatment processes and developmentshhhoaib
An attempt to compare and review the potential future use of three aerobic biological systems, namely:
Conventional Activated Sludge Process (CASP),
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR),
and Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor (PBBR)
for on-site treatment of wastewater from residential complexes.
The document provides design criteria and an example design for an anaerobic sludge digestion system. Key points:
- It selects anaerobic digestion with two completely mixed digesters operated at 35°C for sludge stabilization.
- Design parameters include volatile solids loading, retention time, mixing method, gas production estimates, and characteristics of influent and digested sludge.
- The example design calculates digester sizing based on flow and loading, dimensions two 13.7m diameter digesters, and verifies loading rates and retention times meet requirements.
This document outlines a pre-thesis presentation on using a sequential batch reactor (SBR) to treat dairy wastewater. It includes an introduction to SBR technology, the objectives of studying this wastewater treatment method, a proposed methodology, and a work plan. The presentation covers dairy wastewater characteristics, the phases of SBR treatment, operational parameters, expected efficiency improvements over activated sludge processes, advantages and limitations of SBR, and conclusions from the literature review.
This document provides an introduction and process description of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). It describes the MBBR process which uses small plastic biofilm carriers that are circulated in an aerated tank to support biofilm growth. The biofilm grows on the inside surface of the carriers. Various design considerations are outlined, including carrier specifications, aeration requirements, and tank geometry. Advantages of MBBR systems are highlighted such as high removal efficiency even at low temperatures, reduced sludge production, and the ability to operate at varying loads.
This document provides design guidelines for a Small Flow Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (SMART-Treat) system for treating domestic and commercial wastewater. It details specifications for influent flows and loads, anticipated effluent quality, and presents a case study of a SMART-Treat system successfully treating high-strength wastewater from a golf club restaurant. Key aspects covered include sizing the system based on population equivalents, defining domestic septic tank effluent characteristics, and achieving Class I treated effluent quality with average BOD and TSS less than 30 mg/L. Commercial and higher strength wastes are addressed by equivalizing to population load.
This document discusses integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems for biological wastewater treatment. IFAS systems combine suspended and attached growth in aeration tanks by adding media. Three studies showed IFAS improved nutrient removal at full-scale plants. A lab study found IFAS effective for industrial wastewater. An IFAS-MBR system had better removal and less fouling than MBR alone. Pilot and full-scale IFAS successfully achieved nitritation-anammox for nitrogen removal. Overall, IFAS is cost-effective for retrofitting plants to increase capacity or improve effluent quality.
Urban wastewater is usually treated using conventional activated sludge processes, which involve bacteria breaking down pollutants. Membrane bioreactors improve on this by using a membrane to filter out bacteria instead of gravitational settling. This allows for higher concentrations of bacteria and produces very high quality treated water that can be reused. Membrane bioreactors have several advantages over conventional treatment, including more compact systems and better treatment, but also have higher costs and challenges with membrane fouling.
This document discusses various biological treatment methods for industrial waste. It begins by explaining that biological treatment uses bacteria and microorganisms to break down organic wastes. There are two main types - aerobic treatment which uses oxygen, and anaerobic treatment which does not use oxygen. Several specific aerobic treatment processes are then described in detail, including activated sludge process, sequential batch reactor, and trickling filters. Anaerobic treatment is also covered, noting it converts wastes to methane and is suitable for high-strength wastes. The advantages and disadvantages of both aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment are presented.
Different Wastewater treatment processes and developmentshhhoaib
An attempt to compare and review the potential future use of three aerobic biological systems, namely:
Conventional Activated Sludge Process (CASP),
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR),
and Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor (PBBR)
for on-site treatment of wastewater from residential complexes.
The document provides design criteria and an example design for an anaerobic sludge digestion system. Key points:
- It selects anaerobic digestion with two completely mixed digesters operated at 35°C for sludge stabilization.
- Design parameters include volatile solids loading, retention time, mixing method, gas production estimates, and characteristics of influent and digested sludge.
- The example design calculates digester sizing based on flow and loading, dimensions two 13.7m diameter digesters, and verifies loading rates and retention times meet requirements.
The document discusses sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for wastewater treatment. SBRs perform the stages of treatment - equalization, biological treatment, and clarification - sequentially in a single tank. Key advantages are that SBRs require less space than traditional systems using separate tanks for each stage, and can achieve high removal rates of various pollutants. The SBR process involves repeated fill, react, settle, decant, and idle phases in the single tank reactor.
The difference between sbr, mbr and mbbr-sewage treatment plantsCleantechwater_19
The document discusses and compares three different types of sewage treatment plants: SBR, MBR, and MBBR. It defines each type of plant, noting that SBR uses a sequencing batch reactor process, MBR uses a membrane bioreactor process, and MBBR uses a moving bed biofilm reactor process. The document also mentions that MBR and MBBR both use membrane and biological processes. It states that SBR plants have a smaller footprint and are easier to operate than MBR or MBBR plants, which have less turbidity and produce less water sludge.
IRJET- Study on Increasing the Efficiency of the Existing Sequential Batch Re...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study conducted on the existing sequential batch reactor (SBR) at St. Joseph Engineering College to evaluate its efficiency. Various water quality parameters were analyzed before and after treatment, and it was found that the aeration time could be reduced from 8 hours to 5 hours while still achieving effective treatment. The study also concluded that water quality could be further improved by using tube settlers with algae in the SBR system.
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatmentwwwtwastewater
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane filtration process with a suspended growth bioreactor. It is a very advanced technology and is now widely used
for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
The document discusses membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment. MBR combines a biological wastewater treatment process with a membrane filtration process. It provides several advantages over conventional activated sludge including higher quality effluent with very low levels of contaminants, complete pathogen removal, and ability to reuse treated water. The document examines various MBR configurations, design considerations, operating parameters, case studies on MBR use in antibiotic manufacturing wastewater treatment, and concludes that MBR is an effective technology for wastewater treatment applications.
The document proposes an anaerobic-aerobic process for treating domestic sewage using LEVAPOR biofilm technology. The process involves pre-treating sewage under anaerobic conditions in a biofilm reactor to reduce energy use and excess sludge production compared to conventional aerobic treatment. Sewage would then undergo post-treatment under aerobic conditions to further reduce pollutants before discharge. This process could achieve up to 75% lower energy use and 67% less sludge than aerobic treatment alone, while also producing biogas as an energy source.
Beverage industry wastewater treatment with two–stage MBBR plantIJRES Journal
Beverage industry wastewater treatment was studied, first on pilot-scale and then on full-scale, with
two-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The pilot plant was made of a pure biofilm aerated MBBR (210
L) with filling degree 60%, a hybrid aerated MBBR (370 L) with filling degree 60%, and a lamellar settler (350
L) with plates sloped 60° from horizontal; carriers specific surface was 500 m2/m3. The pilot plant treated 12 L/h
wastewater with 5000-10000 mg/L COD and removed COD with average efficiency 73%. The full-scale plant
was made of two parallel pure biofilm aerated MBBR (18 m3 each) with filling degree 60%, two parallel hybrid
aerated MBBR (32 m3 each) with filling degree 60%, two parallel lamellar settlers (7 m3 each) with plates
sloped 60° from horizontal, and a final quarzite filter. The full scale plant treated 39-175 m3/d (average 70 m3/d)
wastewater with 490-4900 mg/L COD (average 1793 mg/L) and removed COD with average efficiency 97%;
the final effluent respected always emission limits.
The document discusses sludge treatment and disposal methods. It describes the processes of sludge digestion where sludge undergoes acid fermentation, acid regression and alkaline fermentation stages. Key factors like temperature, pH, seeding and mixing that affect digestion are also covered. Sludge digestion tanks are cylindrical with a conical bottom. Design considerations for sizing digestion tanks are provided. The document also discusses dewatering digested sludge using drying beds or mechanical methods like centrifuges.
The improved sequential batch reactor is a process of treating waste water economically. In short the sewage is generated by residential, commercial, industrial establishments. Improved Sequential Batch reactor process improves the quality of waste water . The waste water coming from toilets, baths, kitchens, and sinks draining into the sewers. The waste water or sewage from everywhere contaminates to water bodies when it is directly mixed with river, nallah and other water body it also affects on environment. So to overcome from that the best way to treat the sewage properly.Improved sequential batch reactors a type of activated sludge process in which the waste water is treated by mechanically in batches in reactors . Sometimes it includes Combi treat unit, and this combi treat unit is a power saving as well as power generating sequential batch reactor technology. This technology has been studied and recommended by reputed Indian Research Institutions such as Indian institute Technology and numerous consultants in the field. Attention has to be paid to the fact that suspended solids are always present in the effluent.
Citation: Megha Gidde , PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Raveena Chavan ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Yash Chaudhari ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Sudhir Ghule ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Datta Chate ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic. "Sequential Batch Reactor." Global Research and Development Journal For Engineering 34 2018: 1 - 3.
The document discusses MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) wastewater treatment plants, which use a specialized biological process to purify wastewater. MBBR is effective at removing organic substances, nitrification and denitrification, and can treat both industrial and domestic wastewater with low energy consumption. It has several advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, including producing less solids, being more space efficient, and having lower operating costs. The document also describes an MBBR wastewater treatment company in Kerala called Green Method Engineering that provides various wastewater treatment services and technologies.
Thermax offers integrated water management solutions including sewage treatment. Their fluidized aerobic biofilm (FAB) reactor uses floating media to support biomass growth, treating sewage in an attached film with advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. The modular FAB system can achieve over 90% reductions in both BOD and COD using two reactors in series with countercurrent air-wastewater flow.
Waste to Watts: Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure (Sood)Iwl Pcu
By: Dave Sood, Consultant, The presentation will cover key aspects of anaerobic digestion:
-Methane Production from Manure
-AD and Its Benefits
-AD Process
-Operating Conditions for AD
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-AD and Water Quality
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-Economic Analysis
-AD in Europe
-Why Digesters Fail?
-Cold Climate Digesters
-Key to Successful Digesters in Cold Climates
-A success story & Carbon Credits: Haubenschild Dairy, Minnesota, USA
The document contains proprietary information about Levapor's StepFeed-IFAS wastewater treatment process. It describes how the process combines step feed activated sludge with integrated fixed film activated sludge using Levapor's porous carriers to achieve higher nutrient removal with a smaller footprint. The carriers' properties allow for stable biological treatment, faster start-up, and better ability to handle toxic loads compared to other carrier materials.
This document discusses a study on waste water treatment using a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). The study had several objectives: to monitor the BOD/COD removal efficiency, nitrogen removal efficiency, phosphorus removal efficiency, and effluent pH value when changing the dissolved oxygen concentration and initial BOD concentration in the MBBR system. The methodology section describes how synthetic waste water was prepared and the materials used. Several reactors were set up to test different air flow rates and initial COD concentrations. Readings on COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH and temperature were taken from the reactors and several obstacles in the experiment and remedies taken are described.
LEVAPOR IFAS/MBBR process for Biological Nutrient Removal(BNR) and Industrial...Amit Christian
IFAS process based on Levapor carriers which allows simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Existing Activated Sludge can be upgraded to BNR without addition of additional basins and also clarifier.
Study on Performance of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system at various temperatu...AM Publications
The study on performance of sidestream membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied by varying temperature (30oC, 33oC and 40oC)
along with crossflow velocity (1m/s, 1.5m/s and 2 m/s).CFV and temperature had significant effect on performance of sidestream MBR.
Performance was studied by analysing COD removal (%), flux declination, Transmembrane pressure, mixed liquor suspended solid
concentration. Maximum COD removal was 93% is obtained at 30oC with CFV 1.5 m/s. Flux declination is large at 30oC as compared to flux
declination at 33oC and 40oC temperatures for all CFVs. Sludge production in terms of MLSS, is large at 30oC and minimum at 40oC. This
high concentration of MLSS is responsible for large COD removal as well as increased in membrane fouling which cause large flux
declination. It is observed that high CFV causes less flux declination tends to large permeate flux. By visual perception it is observed that at
higher temperature, bioreactor content was more turbid than at low temperature this means that, large bioflocs get segregated and cause fast
scouring on membrane surface, it resultsslow down of permeate flux declination. Selection parameter (SP) was used to optimize the
operational condition of MBR system. Largest value of SP was treated as optimum value for operation of sidestream MBR. Thus, condition T
= 33oC, CFV = 2 m/s gave highest SP value 27 lit/m2-hr, and may be recommended for treating wastewater of COD 1092 mg/lit. Comparison
of side stream MBR with submerged MBR system was carried out, and it is observed that sidestream MBR data is best suitable for waste
water treatment.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) to control sludge bulking in activated sludge treatment systems. The study operated two lab-scale activated sludge bioreactors, dosing one reactor with NZVI over three trials while monitoring the effects. Initial results showed NZVI helped reduce sludge volume index (SVI) and sludge loss, but higher concentrations were needed. The third trial with a 112.5 mg/L dose reduced SVI but increased effluent contaminants and slightly impacted nitrification. Overall, NZVI showed potential for sludge bulking control but more work is needed to minimize side effects on treatment performance.
This presentation discusses the use of Moving Bed technology for wastewater treatment in small communities and compares it to other conventional biological processes. It analyzes two case studies of communities with 1,500 inhabitants and wastewater flow of 300 m3/day, comparing investment and operating costs of Moving Bed Bioreactor systems with and without primary treatment. The presentation concludes that Moving Bed technology can be an advantageous alternative to other wastewater treatment solutions for small communities due to its ease of operation, competitive costs, flexibility and reduced space requirements.
A presentation about innovative technologies to remove nitrogen from wastewater. Presented by Peter Annunziato from BioprocessH2O during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2011 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
An Overview of Membrane Bioreactors for Anaerobic Treatment of WastewatersAM Publications
Application of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for wastewater treatment could be an attractive alternative to
recover energy in terms of biogas. In recent years, researchers have shown that AnMBRs can be used to produce methane from
synthetic wastewater. Studies were conducted in the laboratory scale anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for treatment of synthetic
wastewater at different organic loading rates, under thermophillic and mesophilic conditions and ranging membrane flux. These
AnMBRs performed well for COD and BOD removal from the wastewater, demonstrating the effectiveness of this device for
wastewater treatment with COD and BOD removal efficiency above 90%. Results show that the application of anaerobic
membrane bioreactors is an efficient way to retain specific bacteria that can be a key for the treatment of wastewaters under
extreme conditions. The latter would enable their application to a wide range of industrial processes with the purpose of water
recycling. The challenge for future research is finding the optimum operational conditions to control the cake layer formation,
enhancing membrane performance and reducing the membrane area requirements. This will increase the economic feasibility of
AnMBRs, enabling its full scale application. The performance of the AnMBRs as reported in literature with different substrates,
membrane fouling issues and different membrane rector configurations are presented in this paper.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for wastewater treatment. SBRs perform the stages of treatment - equalization, biological treatment, and clarification - sequentially in a single tank. Key advantages are that SBRs require less space than traditional systems using separate tanks for each stage, and can achieve high removal rates of various pollutants. The SBR process involves repeated fill, react, settle, decant, and idle phases in the single tank reactor.
The difference between sbr, mbr and mbbr-sewage treatment plantsCleantechwater_19
The document discusses and compares three different types of sewage treatment plants: SBR, MBR, and MBBR. It defines each type of plant, noting that SBR uses a sequencing batch reactor process, MBR uses a membrane bioreactor process, and MBBR uses a moving bed biofilm reactor process. The document also mentions that MBR and MBBR both use membrane and biological processes. It states that SBR plants have a smaller footprint and are easier to operate than MBR or MBBR plants, which have less turbidity and produce less water sludge.
IRJET- Study on Increasing the Efficiency of the Existing Sequential Batch Re...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study conducted on the existing sequential batch reactor (SBR) at St. Joseph Engineering College to evaluate its efficiency. Various water quality parameters were analyzed before and after treatment, and it was found that the aeration time could be reduced from 8 hours to 5 hours while still achieving effective treatment. The study also concluded that water quality could be further improved by using tube settlers with algae in the SBR system.
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatmentwwwtwastewater
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane filtration process with a suspended growth bioreactor. It is a very advanced technology and is now widely used
for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
The document discusses membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment. MBR combines a biological wastewater treatment process with a membrane filtration process. It provides several advantages over conventional activated sludge including higher quality effluent with very low levels of contaminants, complete pathogen removal, and ability to reuse treated water. The document examines various MBR configurations, design considerations, operating parameters, case studies on MBR use in antibiotic manufacturing wastewater treatment, and concludes that MBR is an effective technology for wastewater treatment applications.
The document proposes an anaerobic-aerobic process for treating domestic sewage using LEVAPOR biofilm technology. The process involves pre-treating sewage under anaerobic conditions in a biofilm reactor to reduce energy use and excess sludge production compared to conventional aerobic treatment. Sewage would then undergo post-treatment under aerobic conditions to further reduce pollutants before discharge. This process could achieve up to 75% lower energy use and 67% less sludge than aerobic treatment alone, while also producing biogas as an energy source.
Beverage industry wastewater treatment with two–stage MBBR plantIJRES Journal
Beverage industry wastewater treatment was studied, first on pilot-scale and then on full-scale, with
two-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The pilot plant was made of a pure biofilm aerated MBBR (210
L) with filling degree 60%, a hybrid aerated MBBR (370 L) with filling degree 60%, and a lamellar settler (350
L) with plates sloped 60° from horizontal; carriers specific surface was 500 m2/m3. The pilot plant treated 12 L/h
wastewater with 5000-10000 mg/L COD and removed COD with average efficiency 73%. The full-scale plant
was made of two parallel pure biofilm aerated MBBR (18 m3 each) with filling degree 60%, two parallel hybrid
aerated MBBR (32 m3 each) with filling degree 60%, two parallel lamellar settlers (7 m3 each) with plates
sloped 60° from horizontal, and a final quarzite filter. The full scale plant treated 39-175 m3/d (average 70 m3/d)
wastewater with 490-4900 mg/L COD (average 1793 mg/L) and removed COD with average efficiency 97%;
the final effluent respected always emission limits.
The document discusses sludge treatment and disposal methods. It describes the processes of sludge digestion where sludge undergoes acid fermentation, acid regression and alkaline fermentation stages. Key factors like temperature, pH, seeding and mixing that affect digestion are also covered. Sludge digestion tanks are cylindrical with a conical bottom. Design considerations for sizing digestion tanks are provided. The document also discusses dewatering digested sludge using drying beds or mechanical methods like centrifuges.
The improved sequential batch reactor is a process of treating waste water economically. In short the sewage is generated by residential, commercial, industrial establishments. Improved Sequential Batch reactor process improves the quality of waste water . The waste water coming from toilets, baths, kitchens, and sinks draining into the sewers. The waste water or sewage from everywhere contaminates to water bodies when it is directly mixed with river, nallah and other water body it also affects on environment. So to overcome from that the best way to treat the sewage properly.Improved sequential batch reactors a type of activated sludge process in which the waste water is treated by mechanically in batches in reactors . Sometimes it includes Combi treat unit, and this combi treat unit is a power saving as well as power generating sequential batch reactor technology. This technology has been studied and recommended by reputed Indian Research Institutions such as Indian institute Technology and numerous consultants in the field. Attention has to be paid to the fact that suspended solids are always present in the effluent.
Citation: Megha Gidde , PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Raveena Chavan ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Yash Chaudhari ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Sudhir Ghule ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic; Datta Chate ,PimpriChinchwad Polytechnic. "Sequential Batch Reactor." Global Research and Development Journal For Engineering 34 2018: 1 - 3.
The document discusses MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) wastewater treatment plants, which use a specialized biological process to purify wastewater. MBBR is effective at removing organic substances, nitrification and denitrification, and can treat both industrial and domestic wastewater with low energy consumption. It has several advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, including producing less solids, being more space efficient, and having lower operating costs. The document also describes an MBBR wastewater treatment company in Kerala called Green Method Engineering that provides various wastewater treatment services and technologies.
Thermax offers integrated water management solutions including sewage treatment. Their fluidized aerobic biofilm (FAB) reactor uses floating media to support biomass growth, treating sewage in an attached film with advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. The modular FAB system can achieve over 90% reductions in both BOD and COD using two reactors in series with countercurrent air-wastewater flow.
Waste to Watts: Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure (Sood)Iwl Pcu
By: Dave Sood, Consultant, The presentation will cover key aspects of anaerobic digestion:
-Methane Production from Manure
-AD and Its Benefits
-AD Process
-Operating Conditions for AD
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-AD and Water Quality
-Manure Characteristics and Digester Types
-Economic Analysis
-AD in Europe
-Why Digesters Fail?
-Cold Climate Digesters
-Key to Successful Digesters in Cold Climates
-A success story & Carbon Credits: Haubenschild Dairy, Minnesota, USA
The document contains proprietary information about Levapor's StepFeed-IFAS wastewater treatment process. It describes how the process combines step feed activated sludge with integrated fixed film activated sludge using Levapor's porous carriers to achieve higher nutrient removal with a smaller footprint. The carriers' properties allow for stable biological treatment, faster start-up, and better ability to handle toxic loads compared to other carrier materials.
This document discusses a study on waste water treatment using a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). The study had several objectives: to monitor the BOD/COD removal efficiency, nitrogen removal efficiency, phosphorus removal efficiency, and effluent pH value when changing the dissolved oxygen concentration and initial BOD concentration in the MBBR system. The methodology section describes how synthetic waste water was prepared and the materials used. Several reactors were set up to test different air flow rates and initial COD concentrations. Readings on COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH and temperature were taken from the reactors and several obstacles in the experiment and remedies taken are described.
LEVAPOR IFAS/MBBR process for Biological Nutrient Removal(BNR) and Industrial...Amit Christian
IFAS process based on Levapor carriers which allows simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Existing Activated Sludge can be upgraded to BNR without addition of additional basins and also clarifier.
Study on Performance of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system at various temperatu...AM Publications
The study on performance of sidestream membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied by varying temperature (30oC, 33oC and 40oC)
along with crossflow velocity (1m/s, 1.5m/s and 2 m/s).CFV and temperature had significant effect on performance of sidestream MBR.
Performance was studied by analysing COD removal (%), flux declination, Transmembrane pressure, mixed liquor suspended solid
concentration. Maximum COD removal was 93% is obtained at 30oC with CFV 1.5 m/s. Flux declination is large at 30oC as compared to flux
declination at 33oC and 40oC temperatures for all CFVs. Sludge production in terms of MLSS, is large at 30oC and minimum at 40oC. This
high concentration of MLSS is responsible for large COD removal as well as increased in membrane fouling which cause large flux
declination. It is observed that high CFV causes less flux declination tends to large permeate flux. By visual perception it is observed that at
higher temperature, bioreactor content was more turbid than at low temperature this means that, large bioflocs get segregated and cause fast
scouring on membrane surface, it resultsslow down of permeate flux declination. Selection parameter (SP) was used to optimize the
operational condition of MBR system. Largest value of SP was treated as optimum value for operation of sidestream MBR. Thus, condition T
= 33oC, CFV = 2 m/s gave highest SP value 27 lit/m2-hr, and may be recommended for treating wastewater of COD 1092 mg/lit. Comparison
of side stream MBR with submerged MBR system was carried out, and it is observed that sidestream MBR data is best suitable for waste
water treatment.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) to control sludge bulking in activated sludge treatment systems. The study operated two lab-scale activated sludge bioreactors, dosing one reactor with NZVI over three trials while monitoring the effects. Initial results showed NZVI helped reduce sludge volume index (SVI) and sludge loss, but higher concentrations were needed. The third trial with a 112.5 mg/L dose reduced SVI but increased effluent contaminants and slightly impacted nitrification. Overall, NZVI showed potential for sludge bulking control but more work is needed to minimize side effects on treatment performance.
This presentation discusses the use of Moving Bed technology for wastewater treatment in small communities and compares it to other conventional biological processes. It analyzes two case studies of communities with 1,500 inhabitants and wastewater flow of 300 m3/day, comparing investment and operating costs of Moving Bed Bioreactor systems with and without primary treatment. The presentation concludes that Moving Bed technology can be an advantageous alternative to other wastewater treatment solutions for small communities due to its ease of operation, competitive costs, flexibility and reduced space requirements.
A presentation about innovative technologies to remove nitrogen from wastewater. Presented by Peter Annunziato from BioprocessH2O during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2011 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
An Overview of Membrane Bioreactors for Anaerobic Treatment of WastewatersAM Publications
Application of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for wastewater treatment could be an attractive alternative to
recover energy in terms of biogas. In recent years, researchers have shown that AnMBRs can be used to produce methane from
synthetic wastewater. Studies were conducted in the laboratory scale anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for treatment of synthetic
wastewater at different organic loading rates, under thermophillic and mesophilic conditions and ranging membrane flux. These
AnMBRs performed well for COD and BOD removal from the wastewater, demonstrating the effectiveness of this device for
wastewater treatment with COD and BOD removal efficiency above 90%. Results show that the application of anaerobic
membrane bioreactors is an efficient way to retain specific bacteria that can be a key for the treatment of wastewaters under
extreme conditions. The latter would enable their application to a wide range of industrial processes with the purpose of water
recycling. The challenge for future research is finding the optimum operational conditions to control the cake layer formation,
enhancing membrane performance and reducing the membrane area requirements. This will increase the economic feasibility of
AnMBRs, enabling its full scale application. The performance of the AnMBRs as reported in literature with different substrates,
membrane fouling issues and different membrane rector configurations are presented in this paper.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TOWARDS WATER WASTE MANAGEMENT saadmughal1271
This document discusses various biotechnological approaches for wastewater treatment, including engineered biosorbents for heavy metal removal, displaying metal binding peptides on microorganisms, and designing strains for enhanced biodegradation. It describes common wastewater treatment processes like the trickling filter, activated sludge process, and anaerobic digestion. Finally, it discusses using these biotechnological methods to treat wastewater from textile and desiccated coconut industries.
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1045 1050
1. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. Vol. 18, No. 6 (2009), 1045-1050
Original Research
Two-Stage Aerobic Treatment of Wastewater:
a Case Study from Potato Chips Industry
T. Kupusović, S. Milanolo*, D. Selmanagić
Hydro Engineering Institute Sarajevo – HEIS,
Stjepana Tomića 1, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Received: 20 January 2009
Accepted: 5 May 2009
Abstract
A two-stage aerobic treatment consisting of conventional active sludge treatment followed by membrane
bio reactor has been tested for 100 days. The overall pollutant removal efficiencies (97.1% COD, 99.5%
BOD5, 94.7% total nitrogen and 72.9% total phosphorous) are high enough to produce effluent that meets cri-
teria for discharge to surface water with a relatively low amount of surplus sludge: 0.34 gSS (gCODremoved)-1.
The only exception is total phosphorous concentration. The analysis of biodegradable COD in the effluent
shows that only 14% is still biodegradable. Although the high quality effluent may be reused in preliminary
soiled potato washing, the limiting criteria may be an increased concentration of chlorides.
Keywords: aerobic wastewater treatment, potato chips industry, CAS, MBR, effluent recycle
Introduction treatment of wastewater from different origins. Cicek [9]
gives a review of applications of this technology in the field
The food and beverage industry is one of the drivers of of agricultural wastewater treatment and, due to its capaci-
economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). ty to treat a high-strength stream and resilience in the face
However, at the same time, due to a large number of small of shock loads, it is deemed especially suitable for the food
and medium sized companies which do not treat their processing industry.
wastewater, it is also one of the largest polluters of the envi- On the other hand, membranes may suffer from the
ronment. presence of high quantities of colloidal substances that will
The potato chip-producing sector is constantly growing reduce permeability and requires more frequent membrane
and in the last 4 years has almost doubled their quantity of cleaning [10]. The abrasion of membranes by inorganic
products sold (1,557 tons in 2004 and 2,880 tons in 2007) [1]. particles is another important issue [11] that can lead to pre-
Wastewater from the potato processing industry should mature failure of the system or deterioration of results. The
be first treated to recover valuable by-products such as MBR process alone already achieves low specific sludge
starch, oil and grease [2], and then treated usually using bio- production due to the high sludge age. However, for waste-
logical methods, including mesophilic or thermophilic water containing a high quantity of organic material, further
anaerobic treatment [3, 4], conventional active sludge, ther- investigations have been done using a two-stage membrane
mophilic aerobic treatment [5, 6], combination of anaerobic reactor to further decrease the need for surplus sludge dis-
and aerobic processes [7], and treatment using fungi cul- posal [12] or to achieve more stringent effluent characteris-
tures [8]. tics [13].
Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) treatment technology is The scope of this work is to test the performances of a
already well defined and has been applied successfully in two-stage treatment consisting of a conventional active
sludge system and membrane bio reactor to treat high
*e-mail: simone.milanolo@heis.com.ba strength wastewater from the chip industry in B&H.
2. 1046 Kupusović T., et al.
Company Description transports water to a parabolic screen (0.75 mm bars
space) and then another pump forces it to a small hydro-
Annual potato chip production of the company in this cyclone for starch recovery. The outlet from the cyclone is
study is 700 tons, requiring processing of 3,200 tons of raw stored in a small basin (around 1 m3) in order to provide
potatoes. The factory operates five days a week, and work water for intermittent flushing of the wastewater gravity
is organized into two shifts. Basic products are different channel. Wastewater is then discharged to the final recip-
types of potato chips. Production is carried out on one pro- ient.
duction line, and it is uniform throughout the year. The pro- For the purpose of this experiment, a CAS system was
duction process starts with placement of potatoes into a placed after hydrocyclone and fed by a variable speed peri-
container that is continuously dosued into a washing staltic pump. The CAS system has a total useful volume of
machine with rotating brushes. Washed potatoes are 25 l and a small settling trap at the exit to enable partial
mechanically transported to a potato peeling machine that sludge retention. The CAS effluent was used to feed the
performs the peeling along with separation of waste mater- MBR pilot plant having total useful volume of 25 l.
ial. From the abrasive peeling machine, the potatoes are Microfiltration is accomplished by one submerged Kubota
transported to the centrifugal cutting machine. The cut flat membrane (203 type) with 0.4 μm pore size and 0.11 m2
pieces then go to the blancher and then to the deep fryer. filtering surface. Aeration, mixing and membrane air scour-
Afterwards, the fried chips are transported to the flavour ing (in the MBR unit only) were provided using coarse bub-
doser, and then to the packaging machine. The packaged ble diffusers located at the bottom of the two basins.
chips are then transported to the storehouse for finished The filtrate is extracted from the membrane by means of
products, and from there to the market. variable speed peristaltic pump. A level controller located in
The factory uses process water from the city water sup- the MBR basin sent on/off signals to an AS inlet pump. The
ply system. Total annual consumption measured by one difference between maximum and minimum level was set
inlet water meter amounts to 8,071 m3/year, or approxi- to approximately 2 l.
mately 32 m3/day. The quantity of wastewater generated
amounts to approximately 31.4 m3/day [14].
Sampling and Analytical Methods
Materials and Methods The biological basins were initially inoculated with
active sludge taken from a small municipal wastewater
Experimental Setup treatment plant. Although the experimental plant was mon-
itored weekly for more than six months, this paper presents
The tested wastewater treatment process is composed of only results obtained under stable conditions achieved after
three main stages (Fig. 1): existing full-scale pre-treatment the start-up and adaptation period (total of 100 days). Grab
(PT), a conventional activated sludge basin (CAS) and a samples were collected regularly at locations 1, 2 and 3, as
membrane bioreactor (MBR), all connected in series as shown in Fig. 1. Additional samples were collected inside
explained below. the biological basin in order to monitor MLSS concentra-
Wastewater generated in the production line flows tions in the reactors. Dissolved oxygen level (Hach –
through a gravity channel to a small basin (around 1 m3) SensIon 6 field instrument), membrane cross pressure and
with manual screen (1 cm bars space) that separates pieces flow rate through the system were also controlled and
of potato and peeled skin. A submerged centrifuge pump recorded weekly.
Fig. 1. Pilot plant scheme showing existing pre-treatment facilities and sampling point locations.
3. Two-Stage Aerobic Treatment... 1047
Laboratory analyses were performed following the The MBR reactor was maintained during the first 45
American Standard Methods [15]. The first order rate con- days at MLSS around 10 g/l, after which the sludge concen-
stant of BOD degradation in time (kBOD) and the tration was raised up to 20 g/l and maintained at this value
biodegradable COD (BCOD) were calculated following until the end of the experimental period (Fig. 2d). Surplus
methodology described by Roeleveld and Loosdrecht [16]. sludge was removed weekly from the bottom valve. Since
no significant differences between two modes of operation
(MLSS of 10 g/l and 20 g/l) were noticed, the results are pre-
Results and Discussion sented as an average for the whole period without making
distinction between these two operational conditions. Since
Operational Conditions the two treatment stages were connected in series, HRT was
the same. Around 650 g of SS have been removed during the
The first biological basin (AS) was operated at MLSS testing period in addition to approximately 400 g of MLSS
around 5 g/l and HRT of slightly less than two days (Fig. increased in the basins. The final specific surplus sludge pro-
2d). It should be highlighted that no direct control by means duction has been calculated as 0.34 gSS (gCODremoved)-1.
of surplus sludge extraction was performed in this basin
(the surplus sludge extraction valve shown in Fig. 1 for Influent and Effluent Quality
CAS reactor has not been used). Under this condition the
MLSS concentration was set by the balance of incoming Average results and operational conditions are presented
suspended solids, biomass growth and suspended matter in Table 1. Wastewater from chip production is slightly
escaping from the small settling trap and ending up in the acidic and characterized by large amounts of organic mater-
MBR basin (which in turn depend on the sludge character- ial, nutrients and suspended solids. Comparable results are
istics in term of settleability). Laboratory chemical analyses reported in previous work [2, 6], while other literature, prob-
on the effluent from this basin were performed on the clar- ably referring to raw wastewater containing starch, shows
ified liquid after one hour settling (inclusive of suspended even 5 times higher concentrations [7, 17]. All works show
solids not settleable). Analysis of settleable solids were per- very strong fluctuations in inlet water quality. This variabil-
formed inregularly and averaged results are used only for ity may pose a serious problem for biological process stabil-
balance purposes. ity.
Fig. 2. Evolution of the system during the investigated period. a) COD and BOD5 in the influent after filtration and cyclone; b) COD
and BOD5 in the CAS effluent (only clarified part); c) COD and BOD5 in the MBR effluent; d) MLSS in the CAS and MBR basins;
e) total nitrogen in CAS and MBR effluents; f) total phosphorous in CAS and MBR effluents.
4. 1048 Kupusović T., et al.
Table 1. Wastewater composition (average and standard deviation) at three sampling points and operational conditions of the pilot plant.
After filtration (0.75mm) After filtration, After filtration,
and cyclone cyclone, CAS cyclone, CAS, MBR
Number of available samples 21 21 21
Average Std dev. Average Std dev. Average Std dev.
Turbidity NTU 516 273 402 213 1.2 0.7
pH / 5.8 0.7 7.5 0.5 7.9 0.3
Electroconductibility uS/cm 2,177 889 1,722 651 1,294 315
Alkalinity mg/l 830 246 838 329 487 124
COD mg/l 2,471 1,512 595 192 73 20
BOD5 mg/l 1,882 1,129 247 189 11 5
Ammonium-N mg/l 38.9 16.9 17.0 20.0 1.0 0.9
Nitrate-N mg/l 4.7 4.6 7.5 16.0 1.2 0.7
Total nitrogen mg/l 75.2 27.0 61.1 30.6 5.0 2.2
Total phosphorous mg/l 6.1 2.6 6.0 2.5 4.9 2.8
Chlorides mg/l 114 54 89 24 74 20
Active surfactants * mg/l DBS 1.1 1.2 - - 0.2 0.1
Hydraulic Residence Time h - - 45.7 3.4 45.7 3.4
MLSS g/l - - 4.9 2.4 16.2 4.4
Temperature C - - 18.2 3.8 17.7 3.9
Dissolved oxygen mg/l - - 5.9 1.9 6.6 1.6
F/M 1/d - - 0.0296 0.0201 0.0004 0.0002
* Only 14 samples available.
In addition, suspended matter is often in colloidal form concentration of ammonia and nitrates in the effluent. Since
and represents a challenge for a classical wastewater treat- it was not expected that the denitrification process will
ment plant based on conventional gravity secondary clarifi- occur to such an extent, the mechanism of nitrogen removal
er technology. has been investigated in more detail. The CAS basin
The experimental pilot plant achieved an overall reduc- appears to have a minor effect on final nitrogen concentra-
tion of 97.1% of COD and 99.5% of BOD5. The final efflu- tion (low sludge age: around 4.6 days) so that most of the
ent concentration was always under 125 mg/l for COD and ammonia is converted, resulting in slight increase in
25 mg/l for BOD5 (Figs. 2a, b, c). The conventional system nitrates and a transfer of nitrogen to the organic form, most
alone achieved a reduction of 76.3% of COD and 87.2% of probably due to biomass uptake. Unfortunately, no analyses
BOD5. During day 97, samples of influent, CAS and MBR were performed to validate the share of nitrogen between
effluents were investigated to determine the biodegradable dissolved and suspended form but most likely the nitrogen
fraction changes (as BCOD/COD) and its nature (in terms is carried inside the suspended solid fraction and is not dis-
of kBOD) along the treatment process. Results show a net solved. It should be noted that the total nitrogen concentra-
decrease of biodegradable fraction from 0.93 (raw waste- tion given in Table 1 for CAS effluent must be increased by
water) to 0.46 (CAS effluent) and then to 0.14 (MBR efflu- the quantity of nitrogen passing to the MBR system in the
ent). This indicates that almost all of the biodegradable COD form of settleable solids (as already mentioned in the
has been removed. A similar conclusion for a single-stage methodology, the analyses of CAS effluent were performed
MBR system based on removal efficiency BOD20 has been on the clarified liquor after one hour of settling).
reported by Sayed S.K.I. et al. [17]. The calculated values of However, few analyses performed on settleable solids
kBOD were in the range of 0.24-0.33 d-1, with highest value (shown as average in Table 2) shows that these solids have
for the influent. Roeleveld and Loosdrecht [16] reported a a relatively poor quantity of nitrogen and based on normal
range of kBOD of 0.15-0.8 d-1 for municipal wastewater in nitrogen contents in bacteria cells (around 12% of dry mat-
Netherland. ter on weight basis) only 10-20% of these solids can be
Regarding nutrients, the overall pilot plant achieved assumed as active sludge (the main fraction is most proba-
94.7% removal efficiency for nitrogen (Fig. 2e) with low bly starch).
5. Two-Stage Aerobic Treatment... 1049
Table 2. Mass balances based on averaged concentrations for SS, BOD5, TN and TP.
SS BOD5 TN TP
Averaged values during monitored period
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
CAS
INLET 471 1,882 75.2 6.1
ACCUMULATION AS S.S. IN THE REACTOR 75 92 1.3 0.2
OUTLET SETTLEABLE 582 716 61.1 1.5
OUTLET NOT SETTLEABLE 406 247 9.8 6.0
BALANCE (INLETS-OUTLETS-ACCUMULATION) -592 827 3.0 -1.7
MBR
INLET 988 963 70.9 7.5
ACCUMULATION AS S.S. IN THE REACTOR 239 302 8.3 1.3
REMOVED AS SLUDGE 497 629 17.3 2.7
OUTLET 16 11 5.0 4.9
BALANCE (INLETS-OUTLETS-ACCUMULATION) 236 22 40.2 -1.4
TOTAL
INLET 471 1,882 75.2 6.1
ACCUMULATION AS S.S. IN THE CAS REACTOR 75 92 1.3 0.2
ACCUMULATION AS S.S. IN THE MBR REACTOR 239 302 8.3 1.3
REMOVED AS SLUDGE 497 629 17.3 2.7
OUTLET 16 11 5.0 4.9
BALANCE (INLETS-OUTLETS-ACCUMULATION) -356 848 43.2 -3.1
Nitrogen is thus almost completely eliminated in the Similar to nitrogen, phosphorus was taken up by
MBR system where higher sludge age was achieved microorganisms in the process of sludge growth in the CAS
(around 21.5 days). basin transferred to the MBR basin from where it was
Usually, biomass in the MBR is rapidly mixed by the removed as surplus sludge. The overall phosphorus
aeration system. Since air is introduced in the central part of removal efficiency achieved by the system in the experi-
the reactor (where the filtration membrane is located) there mental period was 72.9% (Fig. 2f). This relatively poor
is an uplift of biomass in this section followed by its descent removal efficiency is to be related to the fact that the whole
in the lateral part. experimental setup was run with the aim to minimize
However, during the experimental period, it was sludge production. The low sludge production negatively
noticed that due to the high MLSS and probably due to the influenced biological phosphorus removal capacity. The
presence of colloid matter, the biomass in the MBR reactor mass balances based on average concentration of suspend-
was recirculating very slowly while the water was flowing ed solids, BOD5, nitrogen and phosphorus are summarized
through the biomass slightly faster. Wastewater from the in Table 2. The balance for phosphorus shows a general
CAS basin was entering MBR on the lateral section of the inlet deficit of this nutrient during the examined period. A
reactor. This situation allowed the formation of two distinct possible explanation for this is a not stationary situation
zones: with high phosphor levels in the initial reactor biomass
(i) the lateral part where the wastewater with high organic slowly released during the progress of the experiment.
carbon concentration was in contact with biomass but
not with the aeration system, and
(ii) the central part where biomass and water were strongly Water Recycling Options
aerated and filtered by the membrane.
In the lateral section of the channel, anoxic conditions Effluent from second stage MBR treatment may be
have been established and scattered presence of newly reused in for preliminary potato washing or general clean-
formed bubbles of nitrogen noticed. ing purposes in the “dirty” part of the process line.
6. 1050 Kupusović T., et al.
Much more extensive use of recycled wastewater was 2. CATARINO J., MENDONÇA E., PICADO A., ANSELMO
analyzed in Aantrekker et al. [18], who investigated the A., NOBRE DA COSTA J., PARTIDÁRIO P. Getting value
water loop closure possibility. Following basic treatment, from wastewater: by-products recovery in a potato chips
recycled wastewater was further treated by microfiltration, industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 927, 2007.
3. GUO I., LIN K.C. Anaerobic treatment of potato-processing
active carbon and UV disinfection. Under these conditions
wastewater by a UASB system at low organic loadings.
the accumulation of chlorides in the loop and in the potato Water Air and Soil Pollution, 53, 367, 1990.
was reported to be a limiting factor. 4. WAMBEKE M.V., GRUSENMEYER S., VERSRTRAETE
Catarino et al. [2] presented achievements from the W., LONGRY R. Sludge bed growth in an UASB reactor
Portuguese potato chip industry where around 10% of treating potato processing wastewater. Process Biochemistry
water that was subject to starch and grease recovery and International, 25, 181, 1990.
subsequent treatment was recirculated in the production 5. LASIK M., NOWAK J., KENT C. A., CZARNECKI Z.
process for soiled potato washing. Other minor water quan- Assessment of Metabolic Activity of Single and Mixed
tities were reused for outside washing, and the watering Microorganism Population Assigned for Potato Wastewater
Biodegradation. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,
system and fire network.
11, 719, 2002.
Results from experimental setup show that the combi- 6. MALLADI B., INGHAM S.C. Thermophilic aerobic treat-
nation of CAS and MBR reactor has little effect on chloride ment of potato-processing wastewater. World Journal of
concentrations (average reduction of 35%) probably due to Microbiology and Biotechnology, 9, 45, 1993.
the uptake in sludge biomass. Theoretically, considering as 7. HADJIVASSILIS I., GAJDOS S., VANCO D., NICO-
a worst case no effect in the WWTP, up to 40% recycling LAOU M. Treatment of wastewater from the potato chips
could be achieved without compromise due to chloride and snacks manufacturing industry. Water Science and
accumulation the possibility of discharging surplus water in Technology, 36, 329, 1997.
a surface body based on Bosnian current legislation (chlo- 8. MISHRA B.K., ARORA A., LATA Optimization of a bio-
logical process for treating potato chips industry wastewater
rides limit set to 200 mg/l).
using a mixed culture of Aspergillus foetidus and
Aspergillus niger. Bioresource Technology, 94, 9, 2004.
Conclusions 9. CICEK N. A review of membrane bioreactors and their
potential application in the treatment of agricultural waste-
A two-stage aerobic treatment consisting of convention- water. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 45, 37, 2003.
al active sludge treatment followed by membrane bio reac- 10. ROSEMBERGER S., LAABS C., LESJEAN B., GNIRSS
tor has been tested for 100 days in stable conditions at HRT R., AMY G., JEKEL M., SCHROTTER J.C. Impact of col-
loidal and soluble organic material on membrane perfor-
of two days for each stage. The conventional active sludge
mance in membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater
pre-treatment succeeded protecting membranes from inor- treatment. Water Research, 40, 710, 2006.
ganic particles, colloids and large load oscillation. The over- 11. CICEK N., DIONYSIOU D., SUIDAN M.T., GINESTET
all pollutant removal efficiencies (97.1% COD, 99.5% P., AUDIC J.M. Performance deterioration and structural
BOD5, 94.7% total nitrogen and 72.9% total phosphorous) changes of ceramic membrane bioreactor due to inorganic
are high enough to produce effluent that meets criteria for abrasion. Journal of membrane Science, 163, 19, 1999.
discharge to surface water. The only exception is concentra- 12. GHYOOT W., VERSTRAETE W. Reduced sludge produc-
tion of total phosphorous. The analysis of biodegradable tion in a two-stage membrane-assisted bioreactor. Water
Research, 34, 205, 1999.
COD in the effluent shows that only 14% is still biodegrad-
13. ACHARYA C., NAKHLA G., BASSI A. Operational
able and that further improvement of biological step would Optimization and Mass Balances in a Two-Stage MBR
hardly achieve higher removal efficiency. Despite high level Treating High Strength Pet Food Wastewater. Journal of
of organic matter and suspended solids in the wastewater, Environmental Engineering, 132, 2006.
the sludge production has been relatively low amounting to 14. INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH OF SARAJEVO
0.32 gSS (gCODremoved)-1. Although the high quality effluent CANTON. Report on the Results of Testing of Wastewater
may be reused in preliminary soiled potato washing, the lim- Pollution Load Expressed as PE, for “Kelly S.E.E.”, Ltd.
iting criteria may be increased concentration of chlorides. Zavidovići, February, 2007, [In Bosnian].
15. EATON A.D., CLESCERI L.S., GREENBERG A.E.
Standards methods for the examination of water and waste-
Acknowledgements water – 19th Edition. Published by APHA, AWWA and WEF,
1995.
This research has been financially supported by the 16. ROELEVELD P.J., LOOSDRECHT M.C.M. Experience
with the guidelines for wastewater characterization in The
Ministry of Education and Science of Canton Sarajevo,
Netherlands. Water Science and Technology, 45, 77, 2002.
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors wish to thank the
17. SAYED S.K.I., EL-EZABY K.H., GROENDIJK L. Treatment
reviewer for comments that resulted in substantial improve- of potato processing wastewater using a membrane bioreactor.
ment of the manuscript. Proceedings of the 9th International Water Technology
Conference, IWTC9-2005, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 2005.
References 18. AANTREKKER E.D., PADT A., BOOM R.M. Modelling
the effect of water recycling on the quality of potato prod-
1. B&H Statistics Agency, Industrial Production in B&H for ucts. International Journal of Food Science and Technology,
the period 2004-2007, Thematic Bulletins. 38, 427, 2003.