10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
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How do dogs process words?
By Eleanor Imster in Earth | Human World | October 18, 2018
What’s happening in your dog’s brain when it hears you say squirrel? New research looks at how dog’s brains react to
human words.
10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
https://earthsky.org/earth/how-do-dogs-process-words?utm_source=EarthSky+News&utm_campaign=f9c73b591a-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_02_02_COPY_01&… 3/12
Eddie, one of the dogs that participated in the study, poses in the fMRI scanner
with two of the toys used in the experiments, “Monkey” and “Piggy.” Image via
Gregory Berns.
The 2019 lunar calendars are here! Order yours before they’re gone. Makes a great gift.
When your dog hears the word squirrel, it might perk up or even run to a window and look out. But, to
your dog, does the word mean, “Something is happening?” Or does your dog picture a small, bushy-tailed
rodent?
According to a new study, dogs have at least a rudimentary neural representation of meaning for words
they’ve been taught and can differentiate words they’ve heard before from those they have not.
The study, published October 15, 2018, in the peer-reviewed journal Frontiers in Neuroscience, used brain
imaging to probe how dogs process words they have been taught to associate with objects.
Ashley Prichard is a Ph.D. candidate in Emory University’s Department of Psychology and first author of
the study. She said in a statement:
Many dog owners think that their dogs know what some words mean, but there really isn’t much scientific
evidence to support that. We wanted to get data from the dogs themselves — not just owner reports.
Neuroscientist Gregory Berns is senior author of the study, and author of the bestselling book What it’s
Like to be a Dog. Burns added:
We know that dogs have the capacity to process at least some aspects of human language since they can learn
to follow verbal commands. Previous research, however, suggests dogs may rely on many other cues to follow
a verbal command, such as gaze, gestures and even emotional expressions from their owners.
10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
https://earthsky.org/earth/how-do-dogs-process-words?utm_source=EarthSky+News&utm_campaign=f9c73b591a-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_02_02_COPY_01&… 4/12
Berns is founder of the Dog Project, The project’s goal is to better understand the dog’s mind. It was the
first to train dogs to voluntarily enter a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner and remain
motionless during scanning, without restraint or sed ...
1000 Images About Cause And Effect Essay On PinterJennifer Nulton
The document outlines a 5-step process for requesting an assignment writing service from HelpWriting.net, including registering for an account, submitting a request form with instructions and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, reviewing and authorizing payment for the completed paper, and having the option to request revisions until satisfied. The service promises original, high-quality content and refunds if work is plagiarized.
The Coevolution of Language & Social TechnologiesRoland Smart
1. Social technology is a primary driver of language evolution as it augments language and becomes part of language over time.
2. As language and social technology coevolve, social technologies add new symbols, words, norms and behaviors to everyday languages.
3. As this coevolution continues, there will be more intermediation between language and social technology such as analyzing language patterns and metadata to infer insights about relationships and interests.
The document provides instructions for students seeking writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed, with refunds offered for plagiarized work. The process aims to fully meet students' needs for assignment assistance.
The document provides instructions for using an essay writing service. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with required information. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review writer bids and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism.
Language Acquisition Free Essay Example. Factors Influencing the Second Language Acquisition Essay Example .... Final Essay | Language Acquisition | Linguistics. Child Language Acquisition Example Student Essay by astarlevels .... (PDF) An Introduction to the Second Language Acquisition. The Theories Of Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Free second language acquisition essay example essays.
The document discusses several topics related to cognitive psychology and rationality, including priming, self-deception, memory and justification, and the bystander effect. It provides examples showing how people's decisions and justifications can be influenced by subtle contextual factors like the wording of a question or the presence of others. The document suggests people are inclined to discard inconsistencies and fool themselves to maintain a positive self-image.
How To Write A History Essay X 1 - American History EssApril Dillard
The document provides instructions for writing a history essay in 5 steps: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form with instructions and sources, 3) Review writer bids and choose one, 4) Review the paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes providing clear instructions, reviewing writers' qualifications, and using the revision process to ensure quality and original content.
1000 Images About Cause And Effect Essay On PinterJennifer Nulton
The document outlines a 5-step process for requesting an assignment writing service from HelpWriting.net, including registering for an account, submitting a request form with instructions and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, reviewing and authorizing payment for the completed paper, and having the option to request revisions until satisfied. The service promises original, high-quality content and refunds if work is plagiarized.
The Coevolution of Language & Social TechnologiesRoland Smart
1. Social technology is a primary driver of language evolution as it augments language and becomes part of language over time.
2. As language and social technology coevolve, social technologies add new symbols, words, norms and behaviors to everyday languages.
3. As this coevolution continues, there will be more intermediation between language and social technology such as analyzing language patterns and metadata to infer insights about relationships and interests.
The document provides instructions for students seeking writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed, with refunds offered for plagiarized work. The process aims to fully meet students' needs for assignment assistance.
The document provides instructions for using an essay writing service. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with required information. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review writer bids and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism.
Language Acquisition Free Essay Example. Factors Influencing the Second Language Acquisition Essay Example .... Final Essay | Language Acquisition | Linguistics. Child Language Acquisition Example Student Essay by astarlevels .... (PDF) An Introduction to the Second Language Acquisition. The Theories Of Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Free second language acquisition essay example essays.
The document discusses several topics related to cognitive psychology and rationality, including priming, self-deception, memory and justification, and the bystander effect. It provides examples showing how people's decisions and justifications can be influenced by subtle contextual factors like the wording of a question or the presence of others. The document suggests people are inclined to discard inconsistencies and fool themselves to maintain a positive self-image.
How To Write A History Essay X 1 - American History EssApril Dillard
The document provides instructions for writing a history essay in 5 steps: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form with instructions and sources, 3) Review writer bids and choose one, 4) Review the paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes providing clear instructions, reviewing writers' qualifications, and using the revision process to ensure quality and original content.
The document provides instructions for creating an account on a writing assistance website, submitting assignment requests by completing an order form, and reviewing bids from writers to select one and place a deposit to start the writing process. It also describes steps for reviewing completed assignments, authorizing payment if satisfied, and utilizing free revisions available through the service.
Essay The Importance Of Computer In EducationLisa Swager
The student attended a mock human rights tribunal as part of their training and was impressed by how well the students conducted themselves, learning about trial procedures and a paralegal's role in court, though it increased their own nerves for when they have to do a mock trial.
Patriotism Essay For Kids. Essay on patriotism is better than universal broth...Erin Anderson
Essay on Patriotism | Patriotism Essay for Students and Children in .... Importance of Patriotism Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... 5+ meaningful ways to encourage patriotism in children - Life with my ....
The Bell Jar Major Essay | Psychology & Cognitive Science | Behavioural .... The Bell Jar Language Paper 1 AQA | Teaching Resources. Adolescence in the Bell Jar and Catcher in the Rye Free Essay Example. Plath's "The Bell Jar" Metaphor Analysis Essay Prompt by Joseph Murphy. Sylvia plath the bell jar analysis essay. Sylvia plath the bell jar essay - thesispapers.web.fc2.com. The Bell Jar And One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest Analysis Essay Example .... The Bell Jar: Extract & Questions (AQA GCSE) | Teaching Resources. Present the way in which imprisonment is presented in 'The Bell Jar .... Analysis of The Bell Jar Novel by Sylvia Plath Essay.
Speech Self-Critique Free Essay Example. Informative speech critique. 003 Critique Essay Example Of Research Paper 131380 ~ Thatsnotus. Reflection essay: Critique speech example. What is a Critique | Essays | Argument | Free 30-day Trial | Scribd. Critique Paper Example -
PPT - The Writing Process Basic Methods Of Essay WLorie Harris
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism. The site aims to fully meet customer needs through this process.
5 Best Images Of Printable Blank Writing Pages Free -Kim Stephens
The document discusses common myths about auto insurance and provides facts to debunk these myths. It addresses 10 myths, including that the cheapest quote is always the best option, that minimum liability coverage is sufficient, and that younger drivers always pay high rates. The facts emphasize the importance of choosing a reputable insurer and adequate coverage levels to ensure claims will be paid out. Opting for obscure insurers or minimum policies could leave one financially responsible if an accident occurs. Discounts for young drivers who take defensive driving courses are also noted.
Medea Sample Essay | English - Year 12 VCE | Thinkswap. Medea Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words. Medea and Electra Essay Topics and Outlines - eNotes.com. English Unit 3 & 4 Exemplar Essay - Medea by Euripides | English - Year .... Medea Essays | English - Year 12 VCE | Thinkswap.
Headed Paper Facebook - A Letterhead, Or LetterheadRichard Hogue
This document discusses susto, nervios, and depression - terms used to describe distressing mental health experiences like fright, anxiety, and sadness. It aims to define these conditions, explore potential causes, and describe how they may present as disorders or illnesses, particularly among Spanish-speaking communities. As a future minister, understanding these issues is important so they can respond helpfully to the mental health needs of their congregation.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work.
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a paper writing request on the HelpWriting.net site in 5 steps:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample for style imitation.
3. Writers will bid on the request and the client can choose based on qualifications, history, and feedback, placing a deposit to start.
4. Client reviews the paper and can request revisions before authorizing final payment.
5. HelpWriting.net guarantees original, high-quality content and refunds if plagiarized.
7-2 Short Answer Important AnswersMegan GeorgeThi.docxblondellchancy
7-2 Short Answer:
Important
Answers
Megan George
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
https://loonylabs.org/2015/08/20/primates-hiv/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
How does understanding the science behind the
topic and research you have chosen benefit you?
•Understanding the science behind the topic as well as
the research benefits by allowing myself to gain more
knowledge towards primate's human-like capabilities
such as their methods for communication.
• I believe the advantage of understanding the science
behind this issue for both myself as well as those
around me is that it will enable us to learn more about
the evolution of human beings along with the
reasoning humans as to why humans are more
developed than other primates.
What is the advantage to you, and potentially
those around you, of understanding the science
behind the issue?
• Finding the answer to the question posed in Project 2 “If the
monkeys can combine only two speech items, how did human beings
evolve from this to be able to come up with infinite combinations?”
could affect others around me by providing them more insight into
the beginning stages of human evolution along with more reasoning
as to why we’ve developed and become capable of communication
whereas other primates are slowly still just gaining these techniques.
How might finding the answer to the specific question you
posed in the question development worksheet in Project 2
affect others around you?
SCI 100 Question Development Worksheet
Answer the following questions. Your instructor will use these answers to evaluate the critical elements for
Project 2.
1. Why did you select your news story? What about the story makes it interesting to you both personally
and scientifically?
Since childhood, I’ve been fascinated with primates specifically Apes, Gorillas, and Orangutans, which is the
primary reason this news story caught my attention. I would be interested in learning more about primates
human-related capabilities.
2. What did you already know about the topic before selecting the news story? What opinions or
assumptions had you made about it?
I knew primates such as chimpanzees share a large portion of DNA with us humans based on prior interest in
primates. I knew that we had similar physical and behavioral traits. I was never aware primates could
communicate by combining two items in a language sequence, I assumed like most animals communication was
with sounds like grunting or even body language.
3. Which concepts covered in the course relate to your news story? How?
Some concepts from this course relate to the news story I chose such as module two: Separating Good Science
From Bad Science. Understanding the difference between good and bad science allows people to decide
whether the information is valid or invalid. The research found in my article has been made by several reputable
sources, therefor ...
Disability Essay. Intellectual Disability Essay Example Topics and Well Writ...Jessica Siewert
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The document discusses big data and foresight. It covers the following topic areas: foresight and transdisciplinarity, social media and predictive capabilities, new and innovative information sources, the internet of things, big data scenarios, and how to use foresight as part of daily business operations. It provides examples of different types of analyses that can be used for foresight, including trends analysis, scenarios, forecasting, and historical analysis. It also discusses several case studies and examples, such as predicting the success of movies based on social media data, using search engine queries to detect flu trends, and the large amount of data that will be generated by the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope. Overall, the document outlines how big data and
College Thesis Template - Googl. Online assignment writing service.Lisa Garcia
The War of 1812 causes curiosity about difficulties the US faced and why it was viewed as a victory. Andrew Jackson's presidency distinguished him from predecessors by refining the role of president. There remains questions about westward expansion and how it shaped America.
Roald Dahl Quote Good Writing Is Essentially Rewriting.Jessica Simms
The document provides a summary of key events in the life of psychologist B.F. Skinner:
- He was born in 1904 in Pennsylvania and studied at Hamilton College and Harvard University.
- At Harvard, he invented the prototype for the Skinner box while studying psychology and physiology.
- After graduating from Harvard with a PhD, he went on to teach at various universities while developing his ideas about behaviorism through experimental research using devices like the Skinner box.
- His work established the scientific study of behaviorism and operant conditioning, which had significant influence on psychology.
14th August Essay in English Essay On Independence Day In English .... 14 August speech in English Essay on Pakistan Independence Day in .... Ten lines on Independence Day 14 August Essay on Independence Day .... 14 August speech in English Essay on 14 August in English English .... 001 Essay Example On Independence Day For Kids Thatsnotus. Essay on Independence Day 14th August Paragraphs on Independence .... 14 August The Day of Independence Independence day speech, Essay on .... 14th August Pakistan Independence Day Speech in English. 14th August Pakistan Independence Day Speech in English i how do. Long essay on Independence day for students - YouTube. 14th august Independence Day essay in english handwriting14th August .... Essay about independence day celebration in school. Essay on .... 14 August Essay in Urdu Essay on Jashan-e-Azadi in Urdu 14 August .... Independence Day Essay 10 Lines in Urdu / Hindi Jishan Azadi 14 .... Image result for speech on 14th august in english pdf Essay topics .... 14th August Pakistan Independence Day Speech / Essay In Urdu. Essay on 14th august - YouTube. 14th August / Essay / Speech on Pakistan Independence Day - All in one .... 14 August Urdu Speeches for Independence Day of Pakistan. 14 August Essay amp; Taqreer in English and Urdu. Essay On Independence Day, Independence Day India, Sample Essay, Sample .... 10 Lines Essay on Independence Day-14 August in English/10 Lines Speech .... 14 August Urdu speeches Taqreer and Debate in English 2019 .... 14 August Poetry in Urdu 2 line Independence Day Quotes in English. independence day essay speech in English 15 august writing for kids 15 August Speech For Kids . Essay on 14 august in urdu. Image result for 15 august speech in english for school Independence .... Urdu Collection: 14 august aur aap. Write My Essays Today - essay on 15th august independence day of india .... Essay On Independence Day-15 August/Independence day 15 August Essay .... 14 August Urdu Speeches for Independence Day of Pakistan Donpk. 20 Best 14 August Poetry in Urdu - Independence Day Poetry - Azadi .... 14 August Speech Urdu in Independence Day Independence day quotes, 14 .... Independence Day 14 august 2024 Speech In Urdu Ilmkiweb Education ... 14 August Essay 14 August Essay
The Reconstruction era following the Civil War aimed to rebuild the South and establish civil rights for African Americans, though it ultimately failed in its goals. Several amendments were passed that prohibited slavery and gave citizenship and voting rights to African Americans, but these laws did not change societal attitudes. While the Reconstruction era attempted economic and legal reforms, it faced resistance from Southern whites and did not fully establish equal civil rights and racial equality.
Apa Format 6Th Edition Essay Sample. Online assignment writing service.Emily Custard
This document outlines the steps to create an effective search strategy for a student. It begins by discussing the topics that will be covered, including formulating a research question, searching virtual reference collections, finding sources, using Google search, evaluating websites, and avoiding plagiarism. The next step is to help the student formulate an effective research question. Then, the document discusses demonstrating how to search relevant collection materials and use keywords to refine Google searches. Evaluating websites for credibility and avoiding plagiarism are also covered. The overall goal is to teach the student to conduct thorough, appropriate research.
1. Analyze the case and determine the factors that have made KFC a s.docxaulasnilda
1. Analyze the case and determine the factors that have made KFC a successful global business.
2. Why are cultural factors so important to KFC’s sales success in India and China?
3. Spot the cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
4. Why did Kentucky Fried Chicken change its name to KFC?
5. What PESTEL factors contributed to KFC’s positioning?
6. How does the SWOT analysis of KFC affect the future of KFC?
Points to be considered:
1. Please follow 6th edition of the APA Format.
2. On separate page, the word "Abstract,' centered on paper followed by 75-100 word overview.
3. References needs to be Peer Reviewed Articles.
4. This assignment should be 15-20 pages excluding the title and reference pages. The paper should contain at least one graph, figure, chart, or table.
5. Please use the questions as Headings for the topics in the Paper.
I have attached the case study document below.
.
1. A.Discuss how the concept of health has changed over time. B.Di.docxaulasnilda
1. A.Discuss how the concept of "health" has changed over time. B.Discuss how the concept has evolved to include wellness, illness, and overall well-being. C.How has health promotion changed over time? D.Why is it important that nurses implement health promotion interventions based on evidence-based practice?
2. A.Compare and contrast the three different levels of health promotion (primary, secondary, tertiary). B.Discuss how the levels of prevention help determine educational needs for a patient.
.
1. Abstract2. Introduction to Bitcoin and Ethereum3..docxaulasnilda
1.
Abstract
2.
Introduction to Bitcoin and Ethereum
3.
Background
a. How do we understand Ethereum and Smart Contracts?
b. Blockchain Cryptocurrency and Smart Contracts
c. What are Pros and Cons of using Ethereum?
d. Ethereum Virtual Machine
4.
Platforms or Programming for Smart Contracts
5.
Smart Contract Applications
6.
Research Methodology
a. Current Smart Contract Applications
b. Security Issues
c. Privacy Issues
d. Performance Issues
7.
Ethereum System and Solidity Smart Contracts
a. What do we understand about Ethereum and the Likes?
b. How does Ethereum and the likes work?
8.
Ethereum and Hyperledger in Smart Contracts
9.
What can we get by the term Scalability?
10.
Smart Contracting Programming and High-Level Issues
a. Usability
b. Ethical and Legal Issues
11.
Specifications and Implementations
12.
Pros and Cons of using Ethereum Smart Contracts
13.
Current Trends on Ethereum
14.
Future State of Ethereum Smart Contracts or Virtual Machines
15.
Conclusion
Note: Paper about Ethereum
20 pages
ppt 12-14 slides.
No plagiarism,
APA , Citations, and references.
.
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Essay The Importance Of Computer In EducationLisa Swager
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The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism. The site aims to fully meet customer needs through this process.
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The document discusses common myths about auto insurance and provides facts to debunk these myths. It addresses 10 myths, including that the cheapest quote is always the best option, that minimum liability coverage is sufficient, and that younger drivers always pay high rates. The facts emphasize the importance of choosing a reputable insurer and adequate coverage levels to ensure claims will be paid out. Opting for obscure insurers or minimum policies could leave one financially responsible if an accident occurs. Discounts for young drivers who take defensive driving courses are also noted.
Medea Sample Essay | English - Year 12 VCE | Thinkswap. Medea Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words. Medea and Electra Essay Topics and Outlines - eNotes.com. English Unit 3 & 4 Exemplar Essay - Medea by Euripides | English - Year .... Medea Essays | English - Year 12 VCE | Thinkswap.
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This document discusses susto, nervios, and depression - terms used to describe distressing mental health experiences like fright, anxiety, and sadness. It aims to define these conditions, explore potential causes, and describe how they may present as disorders or illnesses, particularly among Spanish-speaking communities. As a future minister, understanding these issues is important so they can respond helpfully to the mental health needs of their congregation.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work.
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a paper writing request on the HelpWriting.net site in 5 steps:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample for style imitation.
3. Writers will bid on the request and the client can choose based on qualifications, history, and feedback, placing a deposit to start.
4. Client reviews the paper and can request revisions before authorizing final payment.
5. HelpWriting.net guarantees original, high-quality content and refunds if plagiarized.
7-2 Short Answer Important AnswersMegan GeorgeThi.docxblondellchancy
7-2 Short Answer:
Important
Answers
Megan George
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
https://loonylabs.org/2015/08/20/primates-hiv/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
How does understanding the science behind the
topic and research you have chosen benefit you?
•Understanding the science behind the topic as well as
the research benefits by allowing myself to gain more
knowledge towards primate's human-like capabilities
such as their methods for communication.
• I believe the advantage of understanding the science
behind this issue for both myself as well as those
around me is that it will enable us to learn more about
the evolution of human beings along with the
reasoning humans as to why humans are more
developed than other primates.
What is the advantage to you, and potentially
those around you, of understanding the science
behind the issue?
• Finding the answer to the question posed in Project 2 “If the
monkeys can combine only two speech items, how did human beings
evolve from this to be able to come up with infinite combinations?”
could affect others around me by providing them more insight into
the beginning stages of human evolution along with more reasoning
as to why we’ve developed and become capable of communication
whereas other primates are slowly still just gaining these techniques.
How might finding the answer to the specific question you
posed in the question development worksheet in Project 2
affect others around you?
SCI 100 Question Development Worksheet
Answer the following questions. Your instructor will use these answers to evaluate the critical elements for
Project 2.
1. Why did you select your news story? What about the story makes it interesting to you both personally
and scientifically?
Since childhood, I’ve been fascinated with primates specifically Apes, Gorillas, and Orangutans, which is the
primary reason this news story caught my attention. I would be interested in learning more about primates
human-related capabilities.
2. What did you already know about the topic before selecting the news story? What opinions or
assumptions had you made about it?
I knew primates such as chimpanzees share a large portion of DNA with us humans based on prior interest in
primates. I knew that we had similar physical and behavioral traits. I was never aware primates could
communicate by combining two items in a language sequence, I assumed like most animals communication was
with sounds like grunting or even body language.
3. Which concepts covered in the course relate to your news story? How?
Some concepts from this course relate to the news story I chose such as module two: Separating Good Science
From Bad Science. Understanding the difference between good and bad science allows people to decide
whether the information is valid or invalid. The research found in my article has been made by several reputable
sources, therefor ...
Disability Essay. Intellectual Disability Essay Example Topics and Well Writ...Jessica Siewert
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The document discusses big data and foresight. It covers the following topic areas: foresight and transdisciplinarity, social media and predictive capabilities, new and innovative information sources, the internet of things, big data scenarios, and how to use foresight as part of daily business operations. It provides examples of different types of analyses that can be used for foresight, including trends analysis, scenarios, forecasting, and historical analysis. It also discusses several case studies and examples, such as predicting the success of movies based on social media data, using search engine queries to detect flu trends, and the large amount of data that will be generated by the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope. Overall, the document outlines how big data and
College Thesis Template - Googl. Online assignment writing service.Lisa Garcia
The War of 1812 causes curiosity about difficulties the US faced and why it was viewed as a victory. Andrew Jackson's presidency distinguished him from predecessors by refining the role of president. There remains questions about westward expansion and how it shaped America.
Roald Dahl Quote Good Writing Is Essentially Rewriting.Jessica Simms
The document provides a summary of key events in the life of psychologist B.F. Skinner:
- He was born in 1904 in Pennsylvania and studied at Hamilton College and Harvard University.
- At Harvard, he invented the prototype for the Skinner box while studying psychology and physiology.
- After graduating from Harvard with a PhD, he went on to teach at various universities while developing his ideas about behaviorism through experimental research using devices like the Skinner box.
- His work established the scientific study of behaviorism and operant conditioning, which had significant influence on psychology.
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The Reconstruction era following the Civil War aimed to rebuild the South and establish civil rights for African Americans, though it ultimately failed in its goals. Several amendments were passed that prohibited slavery and gave citizenship and voting rights to African Americans, but these laws did not change societal attitudes. While the Reconstruction era attempted economic and legal reforms, it faced resistance from Southern whites and did not fully establish equal civil rights and racial equality.
Apa Format 6Th Edition Essay Sample. Online assignment writing service.Emily Custard
This document outlines the steps to create an effective search strategy for a student. It begins by discussing the topics that will be covered, including formulating a research question, searching virtual reference collections, finding sources, using Google search, evaluating websites, and avoiding plagiarism. The next step is to help the student formulate an effective research question. Then, the document discusses demonstrating how to search relevant collection materials and use keywords to refine Google searches. Evaluating websites for credibility and avoiding plagiarism are also covered. The overall goal is to teach the student to conduct thorough, appropriate research.
Similar to 10202018 How do dogs process words Earth EarthSkyht.docx (19)
1. Analyze the case and determine the factors that have made KFC a s.docxaulasnilda
1. Analyze the case and determine the factors that have made KFC a successful global business.
2. Why are cultural factors so important to KFC’s sales success in India and China?
3. Spot the cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
4. Why did Kentucky Fried Chicken change its name to KFC?
5. What PESTEL factors contributed to KFC’s positioning?
6. How does the SWOT analysis of KFC affect the future of KFC?
Points to be considered:
1. Please follow 6th edition of the APA Format.
2. On separate page, the word "Abstract,' centered on paper followed by 75-100 word overview.
3. References needs to be Peer Reviewed Articles.
4. This assignment should be 15-20 pages excluding the title and reference pages. The paper should contain at least one graph, figure, chart, or table.
5. Please use the questions as Headings for the topics in the Paper.
I have attached the case study document below.
.
1. A.Discuss how the concept of health has changed over time. B.Di.docxaulasnilda
1. A.Discuss how the concept of "health" has changed over time. B.Discuss how the concept has evolved to include wellness, illness, and overall well-being. C.How has health promotion changed over time? D.Why is it important that nurses implement health promotion interventions based on evidence-based practice?
2. A.Compare and contrast the three different levels of health promotion (primary, secondary, tertiary). B.Discuss how the levels of prevention help determine educational needs for a patient.
.
1. Abstract2. Introduction to Bitcoin and Ethereum3..docxaulasnilda
1.
Abstract
2.
Introduction to Bitcoin and Ethereum
3.
Background
a. How do we understand Ethereum and Smart Contracts?
b. Blockchain Cryptocurrency and Smart Contracts
c. What are Pros and Cons of using Ethereum?
d. Ethereum Virtual Machine
4.
Platforms or Programming for Smart Contracts
5.
Smart Contract Applications
6.
Research Methodology
a. Current Smart Contract Applications
b. Security Issues
c. Privacy Issues
d. Performance Issues
7.
Ethereum System and Solidity Smart Contracts
a. What do we understand about Ethereum and the Likes?
b. How does Ethereum and the likes work?
8.
Ethereum and Hyperledger in Smart Contracts
9.
What can we get by the term Scalability?
10.
Smart Contracting Programming and High-Level Issues
a. Usability
b. Ethical and Legal Issues
11.
Specifications and Implementations
12.
Pros and Cons of using Ethereum Smart Contracts
13.
Current Trends on Ethereum
14.
Future State of Ethereum Smart Contracts or Virtual Machines
15.
Conclusion
Note: Paper about Ethereum
20 pages
ppt 12-14 slides.
No plagiarism,
APA , Citations, and references.
.
1. A. Compare vulnerable populations. B. Describe an example of one .docxaulasnilda
1. A. Compare vulnerable populations. B. Describe an example of one of these groups in the United States or from another country. C.Explain why the population is designated as "vulnerable." Include the number of individuals belonging to this group and the specific challenges or issues involved. D. Discuss why these populations are unable to advocate for themselves, the ethical issues that must be considered when working with these groups, and how nursing advocacy would be beneficial.
2. A. How does the community health nurse recognize bias, stereotypes, and implicit bias within the community? B. How should the nurse address these concepts to ensure health promotion activities are culturally competent? C. Propose strategies that you can employ to reduce cultural dissonance and bias to deliver culturally competent care. D. Include an evidence-based article that addresses the cultural issue. E. Cite and reference the article in APA format.
.
1. A highly capable brick and mortar electronics retailer with a l.docxaulasnilda
1. A highly capable brick and mortar electronics retailer with a loyal regional customer base (such as Fry's) should adopt which of the following medium term strategies?
"50% off" sale every month
Divest
Niche or harvest
Invest in R&D
2. Amazon's strategy involves offering expanded variety but at very competitive prices. This is primarily achieved through
Economies of scope
Focus on international markets
Economies of scale
Innovative products
3. Uber is an example of industry chaining in which of the following ways?
Economies of scale for service providers
Economies of scope for customers
Improving access and reduced search costs for customers and service providers
Lower wages for service providers and lower prices for customers
4. Shareholder returns are primarily derived from
Growth in share value and dividend payments
dividend payments only
Growth in company profits
Growth in the share value only
5. Strategy is defined best as:
A unique value proposition supported by sound financial decisions
A unique value proposition supported by synergies in operations
A unique value proposition supported by aggressive marketing
A unique value proposition supported by a complex supply chain
6. The cost of attracting new customers is the highest with which of the following groups?
Early adopters
Late majority
Laggards
Innovators
7. In the context of the Differentiation (Quality) vs Efficiency trade-off curve, the efficient frontier refers to:
The company that provides maximum quality for a given cost
The company that provides minimum cost
The company that provides maximum quality
The company that maximizes efficiency
8. Nike hiring sports stars to be brand ambassadors is an example of which of the following mechanisms?
Market development
Customer segmentation
Product development
Market penetration
9. Which of the following is an indication of strategic committment of a company in an industry
Lowering wages of the workforce
Increased technology investment
Acquiring real-estate in an urban location of demand
Increased divident payments for two years in a row
10. A pharma company with a deep roster of capable engineers and scientists and that is the market leader is best advised to begin development of a new drug as:
A partnership with smaller competitors
License its innovation from other laboratories
An independent venture
Smaller scale effort
11. The most valuable competency in the declining phase of an industry is:
Resposiveness
Innovation
Efficiency
Quality
12. There is often limited capacity relative to demand in the early growth period of an industry because:
Capacity is very expensive in the later stages of an industry
Only few companies have products or technologies in a budding industry
Prices tend to be low in the embryonic stage
Many companies compete for early advantage in an emerging industry
13. If the willingness to pay of .
1. A. Research the delivery, finance, management, and sustainabili.docxaulasnilda
1. A. Research the delivery, finance, management, and sustainability methods of the U.S. health care system.
B. Evaluate the effectiveness of one or more of these areas on quality patient care and health outcomes.
C.Propose a potential health care reform solution to improve effectiveness in the area you evaluated and predict the expected effect.
D. Describe the effect of health care reform on the U.S. health care system and its respective stakeholders.
E.Support your post with a peer-reviewed journal article.
2. The Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama in March 2010. Many of the provisions of the law directly affect health care providers. Review the following topic materials:
"About the Affordable Care Act"
"Health Care Transformation: The Affordable Care Act and More"
What are the most important elements of the Affordable Care Act in relation to community and public health? What is the role of the nurse in implementing this law?
.
1. All of the following artists except for ONE used nudity as part.docxaulasnilda
1. All of the following artists except for ONE used nudity as part of her/ his work:
a) Ana Mendieta
b) Carolee Schneeman
c) Yoko Ono
d) Judy Chicago
e) Robert Mapplethorpe
2. All of the following except ONE are features of Conceptualism (though not all apply to every Conceptualist work)
a) Audience participation
b) Use of text/language within visual works
c) Direct criticism of the art museum
d) Very expensive artworks
e) Sets of instructions to follow
f) Temporary or fleeting projects
3. Please match the following description with correct art movement or tendency:
1) Minimalism
2) Fluxus
3) Abstract Expressionism
4) Feminist practices
5) Conceptualism
A. Created action paintings that blurred the line between art and life
B. Included works drawing attention to the unethical actions of art museums
C. An idealistic to recalibrate the human senses
D. A loose knit international group of artists that made performances and other unconventional works
E. Argued that the criteria for determining historical value in visual art has been too narrow
4. The following art movement or tendencies except for ONE can be considered to have been responses to Abstract Expressionism (through sometimes for very different reasons)
a) Conceptualism
b) Pop Art
c) Earthwork
d) Surrealism
e) Minimalism
.
1. According to the article, what is myth and how does it functi.docxaulasnilda
1. According to the article, what is myth and how does it function as a naturalizing agent?
2. What is a sign?What is its relation to myth?
3. If advertising “is not an attempted sale of products – evidence shows that consumers are able to resist ‘advertising in the imperative’(12.) – but a ‘clear expression of a culture’ and cultural beliefs” then what does the iPod advert express about current culture?
4. What does the iPod advert presented in the article “sell”?
Attachments have resources
.
1. 6 Paragraph OverviewReflection on Reading Assigbnment Due Before.docxaulasnilda
1. 6 Paragraph Overview/Reflection on Reading Assigbnment Due Before Class Commences
The Critical Theorists: Critical Legal Theory, Critical Race Theory, Critical Feminist Theory, & Critical Latinx Theory
Wacks Chapters 13 & 14
Bix Chapter 19
2.6 Paragraph Overview/Reflection on Reading Assigbnment Due Before Class Commences
Why Obey the Law & Why Punish?
Wacks Chapters 11 & 12
Bix Chapters 9 & 16
3.6 Paragraph Overview/Reflection on Reading Assigbnment Due Before Class Commences
Wacks Chapter 10
Bix Chapter 10
.
1. A.Compare independent variables, B.dependent variables, and C.ext.docxaulasnilda
Independent variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher, dependent variables are those that are measured, and extraneous variables are those that are not controlled that could influence the dependent variable. Researchers attempt to control extraneous variables through random assignment and holding all variables constant except the independent variable. Levels of evidence range from expert opinion to randomized controlled trials, with stronger evidence able to lead to broader practice changes.
1. According to the Court, why is death a proportionate penalty for .docxaulasnilda
1. According to the Court, why is death a proportionate penalty for child rape? Do you agree? Explain your reasons.
2. Who should make the decision as to what is the appropriate penalty for crimes? Courts? Legislatures? Juries? Defend your answer.
3. In deciding whether the death penalty for child rape is cruel and unusual, is it relevant that Louisiana is the only state that punishes child rape with death?
4. According to the Court, some crimes are worse than death. Do you agree? Is child rape one of them? Why? Why not?
THE RESPONSE TO THE FOUR QUESTIONS ALL TOGETHER SHOULD LEAD ADD UP TO 400 WORDS IN TOTAL.
.
1- Prisonization What if . . . you were sentenced to prison .docxaulasnilda
1- Prisonization?
What if . . . you were sentenced to prison? Do you believe you would become a more seasoned criminal or would learning criminal ways from those who were caught make you a worse criminal? Explain
2- Gangs of Prison?
What if . . . you were appointed as warden at a medium security prison which had a terrible problem with gang affiliations? What methods would you employ to combat the problem? Explain.
3-The solidarity of inmate culture (Big House era) developed through several characteristics. Name them?
.
1. 250+ word count What is cultural and linguistic competence H.docxaulasnilda
1. 250+ word count
What is cultural and linguistic competence? How does this competency apply to public health? Why is this important to the practice of public health?
2. 250+ word count
Reflect on your own cultural and linguistic competence. How confident are you in your ability to address the needs of diverse communities? How do you think you could improve your level of cultural and linguistic competence?
.
1. 200 words How valuable is a having a LinkedIn profile Provid.docxaulasnilda
1. 200 words How valuable is a having a LinkedIn profile? Provide example to support your statement.
2. 200 words What benefits does it add your academic and professional development? Provide example to support your statement.
3. 200 words How does having this profile contribute to networking as healthcare and public health professionals? Provide example to support your statement.
4. 200 words What other social media and networking platforms are available to network with other healthcare and public health professionals? Provide example to support your statement.
.
1. According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines ar.docxaulasnilda
1. According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are the three most popular countries for IT outsourcing. Write a short paper (2-4 paragraphs) explaining what the appeal would be for US companies to outsource IT functions to these countries. You may discuss cost, labor pool, language, or possibly government support as your reasons. There are many other reasons you may choose to highlight in your paper. Be sure to use your own words.
2.) Many believe that cloud computing can reduce the total cost of computing and enhance “green computing” (environmental friendly). Why do you believe this to be correct? If you disagree, please explain why?
.
1. Addressing inflation using Fiscal and Monetary Policy tools.S.docxaulasnilda
1. Addressing inflation using Fiscal and Monetary Policy tools.
Scenario - The US economy is currently experiencing high rates of inflation. You
have Fiscal and Monetary policy tools available to address this problem:
a. To attack the problem of inflation you must select one Monetary Policy
tool and one Fiscal Policy tool. Write down the name of your Fiscal Policy
tool and your Monetary Policy tool.
i. Think the options through and write down your choices.
b. Please explain why you selected the tools that you selected and why you did
not select the other choices? Do this for both monetary and fiscal policy
tools!
i. Specifically, explain what is so good about the tool you selected and what is not so
good about the tools you did not select? Do this for both the Monetary Policy tool
and the Fiscal Policy tool. The key here is to use some decision criteria in making
your choice.
c. Thoroughly and completely explain how your solution (both the monetary
and the fiscal policy tool) would work to solve the problem of inflation, and
indicate the impact your solution would have on at least 5 key economic
variables. Be specific.
i. Present this using the chain of events format with up or down arrows to indicate the
direction of impact on each variable. I need to see the detail.
2. Addressing recession using Fiscal and Monetary Policy tools.
Scenario - The US economy is currently experiencing recession. You have Fiscal
and Monetary policy tools available to address this problem:
a. To attack the problem of recession, you must select at least one Monetary
Policy tool and one Fiscal Policy tool. Write down the name of your Fiscal
Policy tool and your Monetary Policy tool.
i. Think the options through and write down your choices.
b. Please explain why you selected the tools that you selected and why you did
not select the other choices? Do this for both monetary and fiscal policy
tools!
i. Specifically, explain what is so good about the tool you selected and what is not so
good about the tools you did not select? Do this for both the Monetary Policy tool
and the Fiscal Policy tool. The key here is to use some decision criteria in making
your choice.
c. Thoroughly and completely explain how your solution (both monetary and
fiscal policy tools) would work to solve the problem of recession, and
indicate the impact your solution would have on the key economic
variables. Be specific.
i. Present this using the chain of events format with up or down arrows to indicate the
direction of impact on each variable. I need to see the detail.
3. Please list and explain the 4 key supply side growth factors we discussed, and
discuss the viability (do-ability) of each in terms of getting our economy growing
again, given that today our economy is not growing.
a. The slides should provide you with what you need here.
b. The issue of viability – if the economy is growing slowly or not at all, do we have any chance
of achieving suc.
1. A vulnerability refers to a known weakness of an asset (resou.docxaulasnilda
1. A vulnerability refers to a
known
weakness of an asset (resource) that can be exploited by one or more attackers. In other words, it is a known issue that allows an attack to succeed.
For example, when a team member resigns and you forget to disable their access to external accounts, change logins, or remove their names from company credit cards, this leaves your business open to both intentional and unintentional threats. However, most vulnerabilities are exploited by automated attackers and not a human typing on the other side of the network.
Testing for vulnerabilities is critical to ensuring the continued security of your systems. Identify the weak points. Discuss at least four questions to ask when determining your security vulnerabilities.
2.
Topic:
Assume that you have been hired by a small veterinary practice to help them prepare a contingency planning document. The practice has a small LAN with four computers and Internet access. Prepare a list of threat categories and the associated business impact for each. Identify preventive measures for each type of threat category. Include at least one major disaster in the plan. 200-300 words.
.
1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt an.docxaulasnilda
1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt and then spread to Greece.
True/False
2. This question is based on the presentation of logical concepts in the first reading.
Consider the following argument: "All chemists are Lutheran. Rita is Lutheran. So, Rita must be a chemist."
Is the argument …
Deductive & Invalid
Inductive & Valid
Deductive & Strong
Inductive & Weak
3. Would Socrates agree or disagree with the following statement:
Each of us invents his or her own truth and if you feel it in your heart and really want it to be true then don't listen to those who criticize your belief.
He would agree
He would disagree
4. According to the first reading, Thales asked some important "gateway" questions. Which of the following is not one of the gateway questions discussed in the reading:
Does the diverse range of things we experience have a single common explanation or cause?
Does God exist?
Is the universe intelligible?
5. Scientism is the belief that science is one of many paths to truth about the world.
True/False
6. Deductive arguments always aim to show
The conclusion is probably true
The conclusion must be true
7. In the type of argument known as _____, we begin with premises about a phenomenon or state of affairs to be explained; then we reason from those premises to an explanation for that state of affairs.
deduction
inference to the best explanation
syllogism
anaological induction
8. In the online lecture, the multiverse hypothesis is put forward by Stenger in support of theism.
True/False
9. According to the reading, the cosmic coincidences were known in ancient times.
True/False
10. According to the reading, the problem with Darwin's claim that his theory of natural selection explains all the order in nature is that no evolutionary process of natural selection is possible unless a background system of amazing complexity already exists; but since it must exist prior to any evolutionary process, it cannot be explained as the result of an evolutionary process.
True/False
11. Suppose we have two highly improbable hypotheses: H1 and H2. Suppose H2 is slightly less improbable than H1, all else equal.
According to the presentation of best explanation arguments in the reading, H2 presents a more reasonable explanation than H1.
True/False
12. According to the reading, the fine tuning argument shows that we can know with certainty that an intelligent designer exists.
True/False
13. According to the readings, science cannot possibly explain the source of the order in the universe.
True/False
14. The design argument is presented in the readings as an analogical argument and it is also presented as an inference to the best explanation.
True/False
15. According to the online readings, Ockham's Razor favors the multiverse theory over theism,
True/False
16. The proposition that Mount Rainier has snow on its peak would be an example of a proposition known to be true a priori.
True/False
17. Which of the foll.
1-Explain what you understood from the paper with (one paragraph).docxaulasnilda
1-Explain what you understood from the paper with (one paragraph)
2-What is a Lorenze curve and how is it disputed by Paglin
3-What is the method used in the paper and what can you say about the data used and the empirical aspect of the paper.
4-What other common measurements out there for measuring income inequality, poverty, and development gap.
.
1-Explanation of how healthcare policy can impact the advanced p.docxaulasnilda
The document discusses how healthcare policy impacts advanced practice nurses and why advocacy is an essential part of their role. It explains the four pillars of transformational leadership and how that approach can influence policy change. Finally, it addresses the need for advanced practice nurses to advocate for policies that support patient-centered care through research, leadership, and professional growth.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
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10202018 How do dogs process words Earth EarthSkyht.docx
1. 10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
https://earthsky.org/earth/how-do-dogs-process-
words?utm_source=EarthSky+News&utm_campaign=f9c73b591
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How do dogs process words?
2. By Eleanor Imster in Earth | Human World | October 18, 2018
What’s happening in your dog’s brain when it hears you say
squirrel? New research looks at how dog’s brains react to
human words.
10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
https://earthsky.org/earth/how-do-dogs-process-
words?utm_source=EarthSky+News&utm_campaign=f9c73b591
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Eddie, one of the dogs that participated in the study, poses in
the fMRI scanner
with two of the toys used in the experiments, “Monkey” and
“Piggy.” Image via
Gregory Berns.
The 2019 lunar calendars are here! Order yours before they’re
gone. Makes a great gift.
When your dog hears the word squirrel, it might perk up or even
run to a window and look out. But, to
your dog, does the word mean, “Something is happening?” Or
does your dog picture a small, bushy-tailed
rodent?
According to a new study, dogs have at least a rudimentary
neural representation of meaning for words
they’ve been taught and can differentiate words they’ve heard
before from those they have not.
The study, published October 15, 2018, in the peer-reviewed
journal Frontiers in Neuroscience, used brain
3. imaging to probe how dogs process words they have been taught
to associate with objects.
Ashley Prichard is a Ph.D. candidate in Emory University’s
Department of Psychology and first author of
the study. She said in a statement:
Many dog owners think that their dogs know what some words
mean, but there really isn’t much scientific
evidence to support that. We wanted to get data from the dogs
themselves — not just owner reports.
Neuroscientist Gregory Berns is senior author of the study, and
author of the bestselling book What it’s
Like to be a Dog. Burns added:
We know that dogs have the capacity to process at least some
aspects of human language since they can learn
to follow verbal commands. Previous research, however,
suggests dogs may rely on many other cues to follow
a verbal command, such as gaze, gestures and even emotional
expressions from their owners.
10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
https://earthsky.org/earth/how-do-dogs-process-
words?utm_source=EarthSky+News&utm_campaign=f9c73b591
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Berns is founder of the Dog Project, The project’s goal is to
better understand the dog’s mind. It was the
first to train dogs to voluntarily enter a functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner and remain
motionless during scanning, without restraint or sedation. .
4. Image via Gregory Burns.
The researchers focused on questions surrounding the brain
mechanisms dogs use to differentiate between
words, or even what constitutes a word to a dog.
For the current study, 12 dogs of varying breeds were trained to
retrieve two different objects, based on the
objects’ names. For the experiment, the trained dog lay in the
fMRI scanner while the dog’s owner stood
directly in front of the dog at the opening of the machine and
said the names of the dog’s toys at set
intervals, then showed the dog the corresponding toys.
Eddie, a golden retriever-Labrador mix, for instance, heard his
owner say the words piggy or monkey, then
his owner held up the matching toy. As a control, the owner
then spoke gibberish words – such as bobbu
and bodmick – then held up novel objects like a hat or a doll.
The results showed greater activation in auditory regions of the
brain to the novel invented words
compared to the trained words. Pritchard said:
We expected to see that dogs neurally discriminate between
words that they know and words that they don’t.
What’s surprising is that the result is opposite to that of
research on humans — people typically show greater
neural activation for known words than novel words.
The researchers hypothesize that the dogs may show greater
neural activation to a new, unknown word
because they sense their owners want them to understand what
they are saying, and they are trying to do
so. Berns said:
5. Dogs ultimately want to please their owners, and perhaps also
receive praise or food.
He added:
10/20/2018 How do dogs process words? | Earth | EarthSky
https://earthsky.org/earth/how-do-dogs-process-
words?utm_source=EarthSky+News&utm_campaign=f9c73b591
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Dogs may have varying capacity and motivation for learning
and understanding human words, but they appear
to have a neural representation for the meaning of words they
have been taught, beyond just a low-level
Pavlovian response.
Source: Awake fMRI Reveals Brain Regions for Novel Word
Detection in Dogs
Bottom line: A new study looks at how dogs process words.
Read more from Emory University
Eleanor Imster
Eleanor Imster has helped write and edit EarthSky since 1995.
She was an integral part of the award-winning EarthSky
radio series almost since it began until it ended in 2013. Today,
as Lead Editor at EarthSky.org, she helps present the
science and nature stories and photos you enjoy. She also serves
as one of the voices of EarthSky on social media platforms
including Facebook, Twitter and G+. She and her husband live
in Tennessee and have two grown sons.
6. MORE ARTICLES
Watch launch of BepiColombo mission to Mercury
1 day ago
New technology may help solve mystery of life's origins
6 days ago
1/31/2020 She’s the Next President. Wait, Did You Read That
Right? - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/us/politics/woman-
president-she-her.html?action=click&module=Top
Stories&pgtype=Homepage 1/5
https://nyti.ms/2RLcRXN
NEWS ANALYSIS
She̓ s the Next President. Wait, Did You
Read That Right?
A new study, which found that Americans were reluctant to use
the word “she” to describe a
hypothetical president, highlights the sneaky ways language
illuminates bias.
By Jessica Bennett
Jan. 24, 2020
7. It was a blip of a moment during the Democratic debate last
week, one perhaps overshadowed by a
long discussion of the prospect of a female president.
Responding to a question about climate
change, Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts said, “I will
do everything a president can do all
by herself on the first day.”
All by herself. Did you clock the use of that word?
A study released this month shows that you did — and that, in
fact, it may have cost you a third of a
second in reading time just now.
Her. It’s a three-letter pronoun that, despite the seemingly
endless debate over whether a woman
can become president, feels relatively benign. But what if its
use, or an unconscious aversion to its
use, had some small power to influence voter perception? Could
something as simple as a pronoun
reflect, or even affect, the way voters understand power?
That’s the question raised by the research, conducted by
cognitive scientists and linguists at M.I.T.,
the University of Potsdam and the University of California, San
Diego, who surveyed people during
the run-up to the 2016 election. Wanting to understand how
world events might influence language,
the researchers hypothesized that the possibility a woman would
be elected president at that time
might override the implicit bias people had toward referring to
the president as “he.”
But what they found was that Americans — even young, self-
identified Democratic women who
believed Hillary Clinton would win — were reluctant to use
8. “she” even in the context of a
hypothetical president.
“There seemed to be a real bias against referring to the next
president as ʻshe,’” said Roger Levy, a
professor of brain and cognitive sciences at M.I.T. and one of
the authors of the study.
When the researchers watched subjects in a reading setting —
they were asked to read a short
passage about the next president, pressing a button on a screen
to reveal each word of the sentence
— their bias was even more pronounced: The word “she,” when
referring to the future president,
https://www.nytimes.com/
https://www.nytimes.com/by/jessica-bennett
https://www.nytimes.com/by/jessica-bennett
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/elizabet
h-warren.html
http://news.mit.edu/2020/she-missing-presidential-language-
0108
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0956797619890619
1/31/2020 She’s the Next President. Wait, Did You Read That
Right? - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/us/politics/woman-
president-she-her.html?action=click&module=Top
Stories&pgtype=Homepage 2/5
made people cognitively stumble, leading to a “considerable
disruption” in reading time, said Titus
von der Malsburg, another author of the study and a linguist at
the University of Potsdam, in
9. Germany.
“People had difficulties reading ʻshe’ even if the text had
previously used ʻshe,’ showing how
persistent and deeply ingrained this bias is,” he said.
So could struggling to say or read the word “she” in the context
of a president affect our willingness
to vote for a woman?
“That’s of course the million-dollar question,” said Dr. von der
Malsburg.
He noted that if people gravitated toward male language when
talking about presidents, that could
indirectly contribute to a culture in which women were not seen
as typical candidates.
“And that, in turn, would likely influence election outcomes
because women would have to do extra
work to convince voters that they can do the job,” he said.
What lurks behind language?
When it comes to women in politics — and specifically, women
in the presidency — often lurking
behind language are unconscious assumptions about women in
power.
“We are uneasy with the president as ʻshe’ because
encountering it forces us to have in mind a new
conception of ʻpresident,’” the linguist Robin Lakoff said.
Dr. Lakoff, whose book “Language and Woman’s Place” helped
create the field of gender linguistics
in the 1970s, said that language tended to reflect the beliefs of a
particular moment in time.
10. But it can also shape them.
Research has found that the use of the pronoun “he” can create
a male bias in readers, that
countries with gendered language have higher gender inequality
and that even subtly sexist
language may influence voters’ likelihood of supporting a
particular candidate.
In recent years, some governments and organizations have
started paying more attention to the
power of words, taking steps to update or replace gendered
terms.
In 2013, Washington State joined Florida and Minnesota in
combing through its state codes and
statutes to adjust terms like “ombudsman” (now “ombuds”) to
be gender neutral. As Liz Watson,
then senior counsel at the National Women’s Law Center, said
at the time: “Words matter. Words
help shape our perceptions about what opportunities are
available to women and men.”
Administrators at Yale announced in 2017 that they would
replace the words “freshman” and
“upperclassman” with “first-year” and “upper-level” students,
joining several other universities that
have informally made the change. And the singular “they” —
increasingly popular as both as
substitute for “he or she” and as a gender-neutral pronoun for
those who identify as nonbinary —
was recently declared the “Word of the Decade” by the
American Dialect Society.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00289252
12. way to describe expertise. “As in, ʻHe’s a stats guy’ or ʻHe’s a
policy guy,’” said Philip N. Cohen, a
sociologist at the University of Maryland.
The 2018 midterm elections broke all sorts of records — and a
historic number of women ran for
office and won — and yet they also provided ample opportunity
to hear (and see) the phrase
“freshman congresswoman.” Doesn’t it sound sort of funny?
Deborah Tannen, a linguist at Georgetown University, described
how she had recently spoken with a
group of female judges, some of whom recalled being referred
to as “sir” when on the bench.
Presumably, Dr. Tannen said, the speakers were nervous — and
“sir” was an attempt to show
respect.
“ʻSir’ is associated with respect to an extent that ʻma’am’ is
not,” Dr. Tannen said, noting that she,
too, had occasionally stumbled over such words.
Once, she recalled, at an event in which Michelle Obama was
speaking, a friend remarked that “Dr.
Biden” would also be in attendance.
“I thought to myself, ʻOh, I didn’t know Joe Biden had a
Ph.D.,’” she said. “And of course it was his
wife, who I had met, and who I knew had a Ph.D. So even I do
it, Dr. Tannen.”
And then there’s “Madam.” During the 1970s, feminists fought
for the adoption of a female
equivalent of “Mr.” — one that did not denote marital status —
and were largely successful with the
honorific “Ms.” But male presidents in the United States are
13. often addressed as “Mr. President,”
while a woman — if the way we refer to cabinet secretaries is
any indication — would quite likely be
“Madam President.”
“ʻMadam’ could be a term of respect, but it’s also the head of a
brothel,” said Dr. Berg, the historian.
“So it’s like this constant subtle reminder of a woman’s status.”
A candidate who can ʻbring people with herʼ
But a new breed of candidates may be flipping that script.
During the recent Democratic debate, in addition to Ms.
Warren’s use of “herself” in reference to the
next president on more than one occasion, Senator Amy
Klobuchar of Minnesota said in her closing
statement, “We need a candidate who is actually going to bring
people with her.”
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/amy-
klobuchar.html
1/31/2020 She’s the Next President. Wait, Did You Read That
Right? - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/us/politics/woman-
president-she-her.html?action=click&module=Top
Stories&pgtype=Homepage 4/5
Senator Kamala Harris of California, who dropped out of the
race late last year, often did the same
when she was running. As California’s first female attorney
general, she sifted through the language
that was written into the law — statutes referring to the attorney
general as “he” or “his” — and
14. changed them.
“I’ve always been very aware that when it comes to women
holding leadership roles, we are
sometimes asking people to see what they have not seen
before,” Ms. Harris said in an email. “As
our government becomes more reflective of the people it
represents and the voices at the table
become more diverse, it is important for us to really check how
we are creating and supporting an
inclusive environment — and a big part of that is about how we
use language.”
Of course, one might argue there’s something of a feedback
loop: The language reflects the culture.
The culture won’t change until there is a winning candidate who
upends the old biases. But those
running for that spot may be impeded by the incessant talking
about gender.
The researchers say the United Kingdom may provide an
encouraging case study.
In 2017, they replicated the study there, in the lead-up to an
election to determine the next prime
minister.
Theresa May was prime minister at the time and was expected
to win — but she was not the first
woman to hold that post. (That was Margaret Thatcher.)
When referring to the next prime minister, the British study
participants were more likely to use the
pronoun “she” than “he.”
Sharon Attia contributed research.
15. Our 2020 Election Guide
Updated Jan. 29, 2020
The Latest
State of the Race
After stalling or slipping in the polls for most of 2019, Bernie
Sanders is closing
hard just before the leadoff contests. Here s̓ our latest analysis.
In the final days of the Iowa campaign, each of the leading
Democratic
candidates is driving a different message in Facebook ads.
•
Elizabeth Warren, shifting her strategy, is taking on the
electability question,
urging voters to embrace “courage over cynicism.”
•
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/kam
ala-harris-electability
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/democra
tic-
polls.html?action=click&pgtype=Article&state=default&module
=styln-elections-
2020&variant=show®ion=BELOW_MAIN_CONTENT&cont
ext=Guide
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/01/29/us/politics/iow
17. Pronoun?” For “pronouns,” read one specific pronoun, or rather
its long-lamented absence
in English: the third-person singular gender-neutral pronoun.
And for “sexy,” read thorny.
Pronouns now come up in lawsuits, school regulations and
company codes of conduct.
Colleges ask students to provide their preferred pronouns;
online dating sites offer pronoun
options. “It used to be nerdy to discuss parts of speech outside
of grammar class,” Baron, a
professor emeritus of English and linguistics at the University
of Illinois, writes. “Now it’s
cool.”
After this slightly forced attempt at with-itness, “What’s Your
Pronoun?” settles down into a
scrupulous and absorbing survey. Its great virtue is to show that
these issues are nothing
new: Gender-neutral pronouns like “ze,” “thon” and “heer” have
been circulating since the
mid-19th century; others as far back as 1375.
Almost no one now defends the use of a generic “he” — but
what to replace it with? Baron is
surely right that no one cares for “his or her”: too unwieldy. As
for the pronouns historically
proposed to replace “he” or “she,” they failed to gain traction
because “they look strange on
the page.”
Coiners of new pronouns might usefully counter that they want
these words to look strange,
so as to draw attention to the social construction of gender or
the patriarchal roots of
traditional pronouns. Fair enough, but the point about pronouns
is that they replace nouns,
18. and thus trade the specific for the generic — so they will
probably catch on only when they
are inconspicuous. In writing, a pronoun that draws attention to
itself stops the reader’s eye
and checks their pace at the wrong point in a sentence.
Englishs̓ Pronoun Problem Is
Centuries Old
https://www.nytimes.com/
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/03/world/europe/christian-
transgender-uk.html?searchResultPosition=1
1/31/2020 English’s Pronoun Problem Is Centuries Old - The
New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/books/review/whats-your-
pronoun-dennis-
baron.html?action=click&module=Features&pgtype=Homepage
2/2
For Baron the solution is clear, and I used it (hopefully
unobtrusively) in that last sentence:
the singular “they.” He provides ample textual evidence, from
Shakespeare on, that this is a
perfectly respectable option — and so unconscious that even
those who condemn it invoke it
without noticing.
For the still unpersuaded, he points out that singular “they” is
older than singular “you.”
Only in the 1600s did singular “you” start pushing out “thou”
and “thee.” Having the same
pronoun for both singular and plural forms makes for potential
ambiguity. So colloquial
19. plural forms have sprung up, such as “y’all,” common in the
American South, or the more
recent “you guys” — an oddly gendered locution at a time when
the generic “he” is
becoming extinct. Still, we get by. No one considers ditching
the singular “you.”
For Baron, the benefit of singular “they” is that it is often used
by those in search of a
nonbinary or gender-neutral pronoun, as well as those who give
such issues little thought.
While many language mavens are coming around reluctantly to
singular “they” — in
December Merriam-Webster anointed “they” its “word of the
year” — some traditionalists
still hold out against it. Their defense is convention. I admit
that the nonbinary use of “they”
to refer to a specific person — “Alex likes their burger with
mustard” — still sounds jangly to
my ears. I will get used to it. Language, as Baron eloquently
shows, works as a dynamic
democracy, not as rule by experts. The sticklers may not like
“they” (singular) but they
(plural) will eventually have to bow to the inevitable.
Baron’s book layers on rather too many examples of historical
usage, including a 60-page
“chronology of gender-neutral and nonbinary pronouns” at the
end. This scholarly
assiduousness, though, also makes him the ideal pilot through
these contentious political-
linguistic waters. If you want to know why more people are
asking “what’s your pronoun?”
then you (singular or plural) should read this book.