1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt and then spread to Greece. True/False 2. This question is based on the presentation of logical concepts in the first reading. Consider the following argument: "All chemists are Lutheran. Rita is Lutheran. So, Rita must be a chemist." Is the argument … Deductive & Invalid Inductive & Valid Deductive & Strong Inductive & Weak 3. Would Socrates agree or disagree with the following statement: Each of us invents his or her own truth and if you feel it in your heart and really want it to be true then don't listen to those who criticize your belief. He would agree He would disagree 4. According to the first reading, Thales asked some important "gateway" questions. Which of the following is not one of the gateway questions discussed in the reading: Does the diverse range of things we experience have a single common explanation or cause? Does God exist? Is the universe intelligible? 5. Scientism is the belief that science is one of many paths to truth about the world. True/False 6. Deductive arguments always aim to show The conclusion is probably true The conclusion must be true 7. In the type of argument known as _____, we begin with premises about a phenomenon or state of affairs to be explained; then we reason from those premises to an explanation for that state of affairs. deduction inference to the best explanation syllogism anaological induction 8. In the online lecture, the multiverse hypothesis is put forward by Stenger in support of theism. True/False 9. According to the reading, the cosmic coincidences were known in ancient times. True/False 10. According to the reading, the problem with Darwin's claim that his theory of natural selection explains all the order in nature is that no evolutionary process of natural selection is possible unless a background system of amazing complexity already exists; but since it must exist prior to any evolutionary process, it cannot be explained as the result of an evolutionary process. True/False 11. Suppose we have two highly improbable hypotheses: H1 and H2. Suppose H2 is slightly less improbable than H1, all else equal. According to the presentation of best explanation arguments in the reading, H2 presents a more reasonable explanation than H1. True/False 12. According to the reading, the fine tuning argument shows that we can know with certainty that an intelligent designer exists. True/False 13. According to the readings, science cannot possibly explain the source of the order in the universe. True/False 14. The design argument is presented in the readings as an analogical argument and it is also presented as  an inference to the best explanation. True/False 15. According to the online readings, Ockham's Razor favors the multiverse theory over theism, True/False 16. The proposition that Mount Rainier has snow on its peak would be an example of a proposition known to be true a priori. True/False 17. Which of the foll.

1. 1. According to the readings, philosophy began in ancient Egypt
and then spread to Greece.
True/False
2. This question is based on the presentation of logical concepts
in the first reading.
Consider the following argument: "All chemists are Lutheran.
Rita is Lutheran. So, Rita must be a chemist."
Is the argument …
Deductive & Invalid
Inductive & Valid
Deductive & Strong
Inductive & Weak
3. Would Socrates agree or disagree with the following
statement:
Each of us invents his or her own truth and if you feel it in your
heart and really want it to be true then don't listen to those who
criticize your belief.
He would agree
He would disagree
4. According to the first reading, Thales asked some important
"gateway" questions. Which of the following is not one of the
gateway questions discussed in the reading:
Does the diverse range of things we experience have a single
common explanation or cause?
Does God exist?
Is the universe intelligible?
5. Scientism is the belief that science is one of many paths to
truth about the world.
True/False

2. 6. Deductive arguments always aim to show
The conclusion is probably true
The conclusion must be true
7. In the type of argument known as _____, we begin with
premises about a phenomenon or state of affairs to be
explained; then we reason from those premises to an
explanation for that state of affairs.
deduction
inference to the best explanation
syllogism
anaological induction
8. In the online lecture, the multiverse hypothesis is put forward
by Stenger in support of theism.
True/False
9. According to the reading, the cosmic coincidences were
known in ancient times.
True/False
10. According to the reading, the problem with Darwin's claim
that his theory of natural selection explains all the order in
nature is that no evolutionary process of natural selection is
possible unless a background system of amazing complexity
already exists; but since it must exist prior to any evolutionary
process, it cannot be explained as the result of an evolutionary
process.
True/False
11. Suppose we have two highly improbable hypotheses: H1 and
H2. Suppose H2 is slightly less improbable than H1, all else
equal.

3. According to the presentation of best explanation arguments in
the reading, H2 presents a more reasonable explanation than H1.
True/False
12. According to the reading, the fine tuning argument shows
that we can know with certainty that an intelligent designer
exists.
True/False
13. According to the readings, science cannot possibly explain
the source of the order in the universe.
True/False
14. The design argument is presented in the readings as an
analogical argument and it is also presented as an inference to
the best explanation.
True/False
15. According to the online readings, Ockham's Razor favors
the multiverse theory over theism,
True/False
16. The proposition that Mount Rainier has snow on its peak
would be an example of a proposition known to be true a priori.
True/False
17. Which of the following is an empirically justified claim?
1 + 1 = 2
The sky is blue.
18. According to the traditional definition of knowledge, if you
believe P, and P is true then you know P is true.
True/False
19. Which of the following is known a priori?
Snow is white.

4. The ocean is salty.
2 + 2 = 4
20. Socrates argued that if you believe some proposition P on
the basis of strong emotions and certain feelings, then you know
that P is true.
True/False
21. The correspondence theory of truth is a relativistic theory of
truth. In other words, if the correspondence theory is true, then
truth is relative to each person's perspective and there is no
such thing as objective truth.
True/False
22. According to the divisibility argument, If the mind is not
divisible and the brain is divisible, then it logically follows that
mind and brain are not the same thing.
True/False
23. According to the text, "what is truth?" is an epistemological
question.
True/False
24. Suppose two strangers show up at a party and are surprised
to see that they are wearing the same outfit.
Which sense of sameness is being used in the preceding
sentence: qualitative or numerical?
Numerical
Qualitative
25. According to the reading, a philosophical behaviorist would
be likely to share Princess Elizabeth's concern.
True/False
26. Bonus +3:

5. According to the readings, the following claim is self-refuting:
" Science is our only path to truth; nothing outside of science
counts as real knowledge."
True/False
27. Bonus Question +3
According to the readings, the distinction between the
theoretical and the practical is bogus.
True/False
28. Bonus Question +3
"The question of God's existence is a subjective question,
because everyone has their own beliefs about it."
Would the author of our text agree with this statement?
True/False
Memo
To:
From:
Date:
Subject:
Overview / Purpose [choose one appropriate heading]
Use this section to explain the purpose of the memo and an
overview of the document. For example: This memo summarizes
the issues facing the University of Oregon in relation to climate
change and the options for campus changes. In the following
sections, I review climate issues relevant to the UO campus and
the possible steps that can be taken. The final section presents
three policy options for the University.
Context / Background [choose one appropriate heading]
Use this section to set the context or give the background for

6. your boss or your audience. You may need to remind them of
the task, background or how it relates to decisions they have to
make. For example: At its June meeting, the UO Board of
Trustees requested that the UO prepare a climate action plan. In
response, the President appointed a Climate Action Team, and
for the past several months this team has been working on this
task…and so forth.
Information / Body / Analysis [choose one appropriate heading]
Present your information here and keep in mind some key rules:
· Keep it simple stupid (KISS): your goal is to summarize the
highlights
· Your document should have a clear logic flow with connected
points and themes
· Use paragraphs with a clear topic sentence for your main
themes
· Use bullets and numbering when you are presenting lists
(don’t replace paragraphs with bullets)
· Use references or other information to direct the reader to
more detailed information
· Use selected charts or graphs if they do a better job of
presenting complex information
Findings / Conclusions / Action Items [choose one appropriate
heading]
This will vary a lot depending on the purpose, audience, and the
task assigned to the memo writer. Information should be
presented in a neutral or balanced manner with proper
documentation of information. It is not an opinion or advocacy
piece, but rather findings based on supporting evidence.
· No: Can you imagine a world where Oregon rivers are
parched and the forests are burning…
· No: I think climate change is really important so the
university should…

7. · Yes: Based on the information I have gathered, the major
sources of university emissions are…
· Yes: The climate action team has identified several policy
options for the university to consider…
Sources / Works Cited [choose one appropriate heading]
Use a standard reference system in your memo—either the
author/date system (Daniels and Daniels 2003, 2-3) or a
footnote system.[footnoteRef:1] Include a reference list –OR–
footnotes.[footnoteRef:2] Examples of both are listed below: [1:
Daniels and Daniels. 2003. Environmental Planning Handbook.
Chicago, IL: American Planning Association Press, pp. 2-3.]
[2: Ibid, p.5]
Daniels and Daniels. 2003. Environmental Planning Handbook.
Chicago, IL: American Planning Association Press.
1
1
ASSIGNMENT #3: URBAN DESIGN
Assignment #3 is meant to engage you as an active observer
who has begun to build on an understanding of a city planner’s
perspective. You should present your findings and solutions as a
short memo (3 pages) using the “memo template” attached.
· Explore the urban corridor via “street view” on GoogleMaps
or GoogleEarth.
· Observe the following urban corridors in Eugene, Oregon:
· ****E. 8th Avenue from Hilyard to Pearl Streets ****
· When observing, consider the urban design principles

8. identified above, as well as in readings and lectures, and think
about how they relate to site and building design. It might again
be helpful for you to format a sheet with these principles to help
guide your observation.
· Identify one or two principles listed on the next page and the
ways in which they are used or neglected in your observation
area.
· Then, using observational data, reflect on how the urban
design of the area affected your experience and perceptions.
What were the area’s positive aspects of design (think strengths
and opportunities)? What could improve (think weaknesses and
threats)?
PURPOSE
The purpose of this assignment is three-fold. You should be
able to:
1. Practice clear, concise and technical memo writing style;
2. Think critically and analyze urban design issues in current
day scenarios.
3. Learn to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
problems to provide action-oriented solutions as needed.
BACKGROUND
Design may have significant impacts on the visual and spatial
character of a community, as well as on local and regional
transportation systems and environmental conditions.
Community appearance can improve by adopting detailed plans
and processes that establish policies that address the physical
design, scale, and form of a community as they relate to visual
impacts of development. These features can be consistent with
several or all of the following seven urban design principles:
1. Accessibility: Refers to the ability for residents of all levels
of mobility to effectively, affordably, and safely reach
destinations they value, such as workplaces, hospitals, homes,

9. and shopping centers.
2. Sense of Place: People develop a "sense of place" through
experience and knowledge of a particular area. A sense of place
emerges through knowledge of the history, geography and
geology of an area, its flora and fauna, the legends of a place,
and a growing sense of the land and its history after living there
for a time.
3. Public Space: A social space that is generally open and
accessible to people, or is otherwise created for the purpose of
supporting a wide variety of general public uses.
4. Human Scale: The size, texture and articulation of physical
elements that match the size and proportions of human sight and
speed. In other words, matching the design of a place to the
ability of humans to integrate, access, and experience an urban
setting.
5. Safety: Does the area demonstrate adequate safety measures?
Is the safety of the area affected by neighboring areas or uses?
6. Sustainability: Is the area designed in a way that supports a
diversity of uses and populations on a long-term timeframe?
7. Integration with Nature: Have natural systems or features
been incorporated into the urban setting (such as trees or other
vegetation, natural terrain, bioswales, etc.)?
These seven principles are not mutually exclusive; they may
reinforce one another. For example, policies to address
accessibility can also help to achieve sustainability goals. In
addition, human scale and accessibility may both be considered
in the design and size of a parking area. Overall, detailed
planning processes that allow close attention to these types of
qualities ensure a community’s special character.