This document discusses ready mixed concrete selection for infrastructure projects using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It begins with an abstract that introduces AHP as a multi-criteria decision making method and discusses the growth of the ready mixed concrete industry in India. The document then provides background on ready mixed concrete, including its definition, advantages such as quality control and faster construction, and disadvantages like higher initial costs. It also reviews the literature on the history and development of ready mixed concrete. The document proposes using AHP to develop a more scientific approach for selecting ready mixed concrete suppliers that considers multiple criteria. It presents a case study framework of criteria for analysis and concludes by discussing AHP as a decision making tool.
An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for Construction Companies thr...A Makwana
One of the most useful method for selecting a project that is becoming more and more important is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method was developed by Dr. Thomas L. Saaty in 1970s as a tool to help with solving technical and managerial problems. Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) industry is continuously growing all over the world and India is not an exception to it. The pace of mechanization in the past was very slow due to the availability of cheap and abundant labor, lack of capital investment and the highly fragmented nature of the construction sector. The Ready Mixed Concrete in India on commercial basis started in 1994 and has achieved about 2% conversion from the site-mixed concrete by the year 2001. It is heartening that the acceptability of Ready mixed concrete is increasing though at a slow pace. The entry of foreign firms and major Indian cement producers in this field are likely to provide the necessary boost to this industry in the future. The growth prospect of Ready-mixed concrete is enormous, provided requisite support is given by the regulatory authorities, consumers and decision makers. At the present, the cost differential between Ready-mixed concrete and site mixed concrete is proving a major constraint in its growth. This problem will be resolved with the increasing awareness about the advantages of RMC by the end consumers.
Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC Plant)
Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Ready-mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a factory or batching plant, according to a set recipe, and then delivered to a work site by truck mounted in–transit mixers. This results in a precise mixture, allowing specialty concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites. The first ready-mix factory was built in the 1930s, but the industry did not begin to expand significantly until the 1960s, and it has continued to grow since then.
See more
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https://goo.gl/JCNRe3
https://goo.gl/y4Qgrq
https://goo.gl/2VZqbE
https://goo.gl/Q5PkMp
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Ready Mix Concrete Plant, Concrete Block & Ready Mix Concrete, Ready Mix Concrete Plants in India, Concrete Mixing Plant, Ready to Mix Concrete, Concrete Plant, Manufacturing of Concrete / Ready-Mix Concrete, Production Process of Ready Mix Concrete, How Ready-Mix Concrete is Made, Manufacturing Process of Ready Mix Concrete, Process of Manufacture of Concrete, Production of Ready Mix Concrete, Ready Mix Concrete Manufacturing Process, Ready Mix Concrete Manufacturing Project Report, Manufacturing Process of RMC Plant, RMC, RMC Plant, Concrete Production, Concrete Mixing Plant, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing, Ready-Mix Concrete Production, Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant, How Concrete is Made, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing in India, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing Industry, Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) Manufacturing Plant, Ready Mix Concrete Production Line, Manufacturing of Concrete, Production of RMC, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing Unit, Production Plant of Ready-Mix Concrete, Building Construction, Building Construction in India, Concrete Construction, Building Construction Process, Ready Mixed Concrete (RMX), Building Construction Material, Production of Construction and Building Materials, Project Report on Ready Mix Concrete Plant, Readymix Concrete Processing, Business Plan for Manufacturing Readymix Concrete, Production Plan of Readymix Concrete, Method of Manufacturing of Readymix Concrete, Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) Manufacturing Project Ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small Scale Industries Projects Ideas
Ready mix concrete is produced at a central batching plant and delivered to construction sites in agitator trucks. This allows for precise mixtures and reduces waste compared to on-site mixing. The key advantages are quality control, reduced labor costs, and faster construction. Some disadvantages include additional transportation costs and the possibility of contamination during delivery. The first ready mix concrete plant was established in Germany in 1903, and commercial delivery began in the United States in 1913. The industry has grown significantly since the 1960s to become widely used around the world today.
Ready-mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to a set engineered mix design.Ready-mix concrete is normally delivered in two ways. First is the barrel truck or in–transit mixers.This type of truck delivers concrete in a plastic state to the site.
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Ready-mix concrete is a ready-to-use material consisting of predetermined mixtures of cement, sand, aggregates and water. It is manufactured in a batching plant according to given proportions, then delivered in trucks with mixers to the work site. This results in precise mixtures that allow specialized concrete to be used on construction sites. Each batch is tailored to the contractor's specifications and delivered in a plastic state in cylindrical trucks. Ready-mix concrete is sometimes preferred over on-site mixing due to its ability to precisely control mixtures and reduce work site confusion.
A Brief Study of Ready-Mix Concrete: Features & Uses in Construction on the C...IOSR Journals
When concrete is mixed readily in the plant rather than mixing it on the site and transported readily
in the site by transit mixer in fresh state, it is called ready mix concrete, Ready-Mix concrete technology is a
new trend in Bangladesh. So from engineering point of view it seems to be very important to obtain knowledge
of the manufacturing process and the quality control technique of Ready-Mix Concrete to produce quality
concrete in Bangladesh. Keeping this in mind, thorough study was made on different Ready-Mix Concrete
producing companies and some consumers of Ready-Mix Concrete in Bangladesh. The objective of the research
is to study and knows about the Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) in the context of Bangladesh.
Cemix Beton was established to address the shortage of quality concrete in the construction industry. It operates two fully automatic German concrete batching plants in Mumbai that can supply concrete to multiple construction sites in a single day using a fleet of 25 transit mixers. Cemix Concrete currently supplies major construction and infrastructure projects. The company offers various types of concrete including ready mix, self-compacting, foam, early strength, and colored concrete. It prides itself on stringent material testing, state-of-the-art machinery, and branded raw materials to ensure quality. Benefits of using Cemix Concrete's ready mix concrete include convenience, faster construction, higher strength, better quality control, lower pollution, wastage and
This PPT includes the details about Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) it's History, Application, Equipment required, Tests, Process, Materials Used, Merits, Demerits, Scope, Ready Mix Vs Site Mix, Consumption and Growth in India and it's Conclusion.
An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for Construction Companies thr...A Makwana
One of the most useful method for selecting a project that is becoming more and more important is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method was developed by Dr. Thomas L. Saaty in 1970s as a tool to help with solving technical and managerial problems. Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) industry is continuously growing all over the world and India is not an exception to it. The pace of mechanization in the past was very slow due to the availability of cheap and abundant labor, lack of capital investment and the highly fragmented nature of the construction sector. The Ready Mixed Concrete in India on commercial basis started in 1994 and has achieved about 2% conversion from the site-mixed concrete by the year 2001. It is heartening that the acceptability of Ready mixed concrete is increasing though at a slow pace. The entry of foreign firms and major Indian cement producers in this field are likely to provide the necessary boost to this industry in the future. The growth prospect of Ready-mixed concrete is enormous, provided requisite support is given by the regulatory authorities, consumers and decision makers. At the present, the cost differential between Ready-mixed concrete and site mixed concrete is proving a major constraint in its growth. This problem will be resolved with the increasing awareness about the advantages of RMC by the end consumers.
Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC Plant)
Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Ready-mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a factory or batching plant, according to a set recipe, and then delivered to a work site by truck mounted in–transit mixers. This results in a precise mixture, allowing specialty concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites. The first ready-mix factory was built in the 1930s, but the industry did not begin to expand significantly until the 1960s, and it has continued to grow since then.
See more
https://goo.gl/mSdVQb
https://goo.gl/JCNRe3
https://goo.gl/y4Qgrq
https://goo.gl/2VZqbE
https://goo.gl/Q5PkMp
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Ready Mix Concrete Plant, Concrete Block & Ready Mix Concrete, Ready Mix Concrete Plants in India, Concrete Mixing Plant, Ready to Mix Concrete, Concrete Plant, Manufacturing of Concrete / Ready-Mix Concrete, Production Process of Ready Mix Concrete, How Ready-Mix Concrete is Made, Manufacturing Process of Ready Mix Concrete, Process of Manufacture of Concrete, Production of Ready Mix Concrete, Ready Mix Concrete Manufacturing Process, Ready Mix Concrete Manufacturing Project Report, Manufacturing Process of RMC Plant, RMC, RMC Plant, Concrete Production, Concrete Mixing Plant, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing, Ready-Mix Concrete Production, Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant, How Concrete is Made, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing in India, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing Industry, Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) Manufacturing Plant, Ready Mix Concrete Production Line, Manufacturing of Concrete, Production of RMC, Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing Unit, Production Plant of Ready-Mix Concrete, Building Construction, Building Construction in India, Concrete Construction, Building Construction Process, Ready Mixed Concrete (RMX), Building Construction Material, Production of Construction and Building Materials, Project Report on Ready Mix Concrete Plant, Readymix Concrete Processing, Business Plan for Manufacturing Readymix Concrete, Production Plan of Readymix Concrete, Method of Manufacturing of Readymix Concrete, Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) Manufacturing Project Ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small Scale Industries Projects Ideas
Ready mix concrete is produced at a central batching plant and delivered to construction sites in agitator trucks. This allows for precise mixtures and reduces waste compared to on-site mixing. The key advantages are quality control, reduced labor costs, and faster construction. Some disadvantages include additional transportation costs and the possibility of contamination during delivery. The first ready mix concrete plant was established in Germany in 1903, and commercial delivery began in the United States in 1913. The industry has grown significantly since the 1960s to become widely used around the world today.
Ready-mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to a set engineered mix design.Ready-mix concrete is normally delivered in two ways. First is the barrel truck or in–transit mixers.This type of truck delivers concrete in a plastic state to the site.
ready mix concrete supplier
ready mix concrete columbus ohio
ready mix concrete near me
local ready mix concrete companies
ready mix concrete company near me
ready mix concrete prices
ready mix concrete calculator
ready mix companies near me
how is ready mix concrete manufactured
ready mix companies near me
ready mix usa locations
ready mix suppliers near me
ready made concrete mix
ready mixed cement
ready mix price per yard
how to mix cement
Ready-mix concrete is a ready-to-use material consisting of predetermined mixtures of cement, sand, aggregates and water. It is manufactured in a batching plant according to given proportions, then delivered in trucks with mixers to the work site. This results in precise mixtures that allow specialized concrete to be used on construction sites. Each batch is tailored to the contractor's specifications and delivered in a plastic state in cylindrical trucks. Ready-mix concrete is sometimes preferred over on-site mixing due to its ability to precisely control mixtures and reduce work site confusion.
A Brief Study of Ready-Mix Concrete: Features & Uses in Construction on the C...IOSR Journals
When concrete is mixed readily in the plant rather than mixing it on the site and transported readily
in the site by transit mixer in fresh state, it is called ready mix concrete, Ready-Mix concrete technology is a
new trend in Bangladesh. So from engineering point of view it seems to be very important to obtain knowledge
of the manufacturing process and the quality control technique of Ready-Mix Concrete to produce quality
concrete in Bangladesh. Keeping this in mind, thorough study was made on different Ready-Mix Concrete
producing companies and some consumers of Ready-Mix Concrete in Bangladesh. The objective of the research
is to study and knows about the Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) in the context of Bangladesh.
Cemix Beton was established to address the shortage of quality concrete in the construction industry. It operates two fully automatic German concrete batching plants in Mumbai that can supply concrete to multiple construction sites in a single day using a fleet of 25 transit mixers. Cemix Concrete currently supplies major construction and infrastructure projects. The company offers various types of concrete including ready mix, self-compacting, foam, early strength, and colored concrete. It prides itself on stringent material testing, state-of-the-art machinery, and branded raw materials to ensure quality. Benefits of using Cemix Concrete's ready mix concrete include convenience, faster construction, higher strength, better quality control, lower pollution, wastage and
This PPT includes the details about Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) it's History, Application, Equipment required, Tests, Process, Materials Used, Merits, Demerits, Scope, Ready Mix Vs Site Mix, Consumption and Growth in India and it's Conclusion.
O documento discute a polêmica sobre a publicação de biografias não autorizadas no Brasil. Os artigos 20 e 21 do Código Civil Brasileiro permitem a proibição da publicação de imagens ou escritos de uma pessoa sem sua permissão ou o pagamento de indenização. Alguns defendem a liberdade total de publicação enquanto outros acreditam que é necessária a autorização prévia do biografado. O STF analisará se esses artigos ferem a liberdade de expressão.
This document summarizes a research paper published in the International Journal of Management that debates whether management is an art or a science. It begins by providing background on the journal and then summarizes the key points made in the original research paper. The paper discusses how management has traditionally been viewed as an art but is increasingly being influenced by more sophisticated techniques, making it more scientific. It also notes that management involves both scientific principles and artistic skills, so it has elements of both an art and a science.
THE DAVY Lamp - Inventing the Miners' Safety LampRiMedia
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document summarizes ITC Limited's e-Choupal initiative in rural India. E-Choupal creates virtual marketplace kiosks staffed by local farmers, providing price information and selling farm supplies/produce. It operates in 10 states, covering 40,000 villages through 6,500 kiosks serving over 4 million farmers. E-Choupal aims to improve market access and transparency for farmers while increasing ITC's sourcing efficiency. The initiative has faced challenges around rural infrastructure and digital literacy but provides social benefits like access to information, insurance, credit and medical services for farmer growth.
Slidedeck for New CPA Swearing-in Ceremony held in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing & Regulation to recognize newly licensed CPAs in Maryland.
This includes some fun facts about the history of the CPA Profession in Maryland.
This is our sixth year hosting this event and featured Barry Melancon, CPA Chairman of the AICPA, Liz Gantnier, CPA member of the State Board, and Michael Vorgetts, Commissioner of Occupational & Professional Licensing of the DLLR who administered the oath.
Telecom Italia Group outlined its 9M 2013 results and 2014-2016 plan. Net debt as of 9M 2013 was €28.2 billion, meeting the target of below €27 billion for full-year 2013. Extraordinary transactions including the disposal of Telecom Argentina and a mandatory convertible bond are expected to strengthen the balance sheet by around €4 billion. A new debt guidance targets reducing net debt/EBITDA to around 2.9x in 2014 and 2.1x in 2016 through debt reduction and equity strengthening.
The document summarizes the development of administrative law in the United States from 1776 to present. It discusses key milestones like the creation of agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and expansion of agency power during the New Deal. It also covers the delegation doctrine, which allows Congress to delegate legislative powers to agencies, and important court cases like Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan and A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States that struck down unlimited delegations that lacked standards. The principles of separation of powers and federalism are also discussed in relation to administrative agencies.
READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ANALYTI...A Makwana
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a well-known multi-criteria decision making
method that has been applied to solve problems in diverse areas. This method was developed by Dr.
Thomas L. Saaty in 1970s as a tool to help with solving technical and managerial problems. During
the past decade, the construction industry in India witnessed remarkable growth, in which the readymixed
concrete (RMC) industry can claim to be a proud partner. Historically speaking, India missed
the benefits of RMC technology for decades. It was only in the early nineties that the industry was
born, but really commenced from the second half of the nineties. During the past few years, housing
and infrastructure have remained the major expansion area. Faster speed and improved quality of
concrete have been the two major demands of these sectors. Ready-mixed concrete was the right
solution for this and it was heartening to see that the RMC industry responded positively to these
demands. The result was the rapid growth of the RMC industry. The industry, which was initially
confined to metropolitan cities, later spread to the two-tier and three-tier cities, vindicating the fact
that RMC was a right solution for different markets. The growth of the RMC industry brought in its
wake certain challenges, chief amongst which was about the quality of concrete supplied by RMC
plants.
This document provides details about ready mix concrete (RMC), including its history, terminology, development in India, materials required, equipment, tests, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and scope. RMC was first patented in 1903 in Germany but commercial delivery began in 1913 in Baltimore. It allows precise concrete proportions to be produced off-site and delivered as a fresh mixture. The equipment required includes conveyors, mixers, silos, and transit trucks. RMC provides benefits like better quality control, reduced waste and labor, and is well-suited for large projects or work in congested areas.
Ready-mixed concrete has grown in India since the 1990s with the liberalization of the economy and increased infrastructure projects requiring faster, higher quality construction. Ready-mixed concrete started commercially in 1994 and has achieved around 2% of the concrete market, though growth has been slow. Increased involvement of foreign and major Indian cement companies is expected to boost the industry in the future. However, the higher costs compared to site-mixed concrete remain a constraint on growth.
The Shapoorji Pallonji Group is a major Indian construction conglomerate with over 150 years of experience. They are known for constructing many landmarks in Mumbai, including buildings for the Reserve Bank of India and Bombay Stock Exchange. The document discusses the Golden Jubilee building project being constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji at the National Institute of Technology in Rourkela, India. It provides details on the construction processes being used, including formwork, reinforcement, concreting, curing, and safety protocols. The training program is concluding and has helped the author gain valuable practical experience in construction site operations.
Challenges and solution in Ready-Mixed Concrete(RMC) Industry/CONSTRUCTION/BU...VedantKotadiya
Challenges Facing the Concrete Industry
There are still a number of challenges facing the Concrete Industry. From a political and social viewpoint, improving the sustainability of concrete construction has to be the first challenge, not because concrete solutions are poor when compared with alternatives, but due to the volume needed for the modern economy. To get a fair comparison of alternatives, sustainability has to be at the level of the structure and include all three pillars of sustainability. Finding a system for combining the different indicators is essential if sustainability is to be assessed correctly and in a holistic and comparative way.
Ready Mix Concrete enables fast, good quality and reliable construction. Wastages and pilferages at sites are eliminated. Time taken in finishing the day concreting is reduced by 40 to 70 percent. Labour is reduced at the site. Ready Mix Concrete creates an ecosystem for site handling to become more convenient, eco-friendly and efficient. The cost comparisons lead to skewed results when the material cost of site concrete is directly compared with the delivered price of Ready Mix Concrete. However, after incorporating the economies achieved from the material, labor and time savings as well as a reduction in failures and corrective actions, it is easy to conclude that Ready Mix Concrete provides an economically viable alternative to all construction requirements. Apart from the short-term economics, buildings and infrastructure costs are substantially reduced when a superior and durable Ready Mix Concrete is used to reduce the overall lifecycle cost of construction. It should also be appreciated that the production of concrete needs to be done reliably and sustainably. This can be done when production facilities are equipped with a certified environment, health, and safety-related controls. The use of concrete from unorganized plants without QCI or BIS certification may appear cheaper but will be detrimental to the construction industry.
This document summarizes a student project on batching plants and ready mix concrete (RMC). It includes chapters on RMC plants, quality control labs, tests conducted by the students, mix design, and conclusions. The introduction discusses the advantages of RMC over on-site concrete mixing. Key points include:
- RMC is mixed at a plant and delivered to the construction site ready to use.
- Tests conducted on materials and concrete included gradation, specific gravity, water absorption, slump tests, and compressive strength.
- Benefits of RMC include precision, reduced waste, and faster construction. Challenges include higher costs and effective transportation.
This document provides information about ready-mix concrete (RMC), including its history, composition, production process, and use in India. Some key points:
- RMC was first developed in Germany in 1903 and introduced in the US in 1913. It involves premixing concrete ingredients off-site and delivering it via transit mixer trucks.
- RMC provides better quality control than on-site mixing and eliminates the need for construction sites to store raw materials. India's first major RMC projects were dams in the 1950s.
- RMC is composed of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, water, and sometimes admixtures or fly ash. Major companies in India operate over 100 RMC plants
readymixconcrete presentation on ready mix concretre and types of rmc mixersAfzalSaifi3
Ready mix concrete is produced at a central plant and delivered to construction sites by truck. The key materials used are cement, aggregates, water and sometimes admixtures. The mixing process can involve transit mixers on trucks or central mixers at the plant. Ready mix concrete provides benefits like consistent quality, less waste and reduced labor needs compared to on-site concrete mixing. However, it also has limitations such as the need for plant proximity due to concrete's setting time. Overall, ready mix concrete production aims to provide high strength and performance for structures through mechanized and controlled mixing processes.
The document presents information on ready mix concrete (RMC). It discusses how RMC was developed in the early 1900s as a ready-to-use concrete mixture that could be transported to construction sites. The document outlines the materials, process, specifications, growth, applications, benefits and limitations of RMC. RMC provides consistent, high-quality concrete and reduces errors compared to on-site mixing due to highly mechanized production in a controlled plant environment.
This document is a report submitted for a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. It discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), including acknowledging help from supervisors and faculty. The document contains chapters that will cover SCC literature, materials used, mix design, experimental procedures, results, further work, disadvantages, photographs, and conclusions. Tables and figures are listed that will be included to illustrate test methods and results from studying SCC.
Ready mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to a set of properties, then delivered and placed. The idea originated in Germany in 1903. The first US transit mixer was introduced in 1926. RMC was first used in India in 1950 for dam construction. The first RMC plant in India opened in Pune in 1991 but closed soon after. Two commercial RMC plants opened in Mumbai in 1993. RMC offers benefits over traditional concrete like better quality control, elimination of on-site storage and mixing, and reduced time and costs.
IRJET- Best Feasible Transportation Route Analysis for Delivering Ready Mixed...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the best feasible transportation route for delivering ready mixed concrete (RMC) from production plants to a construction site in Mumbai, India using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. It identifies three RMC plants in Sion, Malad, and Bhandup and collects data on their capacities, distances from the construction site, and travel times. It then outlines the methodology which involves georeferencing maps, importing shapefiles of the road network, and analyzing routes between the plants and site based on criteria like travel time and daily concrete demand. The goal is to determine the most effective and efficient delivery routes to optimize RMC transportation.
O documento discute a polêmica sobre a publicação de biografias não autorizadas no Brasil. Os artigos 20 e 21 do Código Civil Brasileiro permitem a proibição da publicação de imagens ou escritos de uma pessoa sem sua permissão ou o pagamento de indenização. Alguns defendem a liberdade total de publicação enquanto outros acreditam que é necessária a autorização prévia do biografado. O STF analisará se esses artigos ferem a liberdade de expressão.
This document summarizes a research paper published in the International Journal of Management that debates whether management is an art or a science. It begins by providing background on the journal and then summarizes the key points made in the original research paper. The paper discusses how management has traditionally been viewed as an art but is increasingly being influenced by more sophisticated techniques, making it more scientific. It also notes that management involves both scientific principles and artistic skills, so it has elements of both an art and a science.
THE DAVY Lamp - Inventing the Miners' Safety LampRiMedia
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document summarizes ITC Limited's e-Choupal initiative in rural India. E-Choupal creates virtual marketplace kiosks staffed by local farmers, providing price information and selling farm supplies/produce. It operates in 10 states, covering 40,000 villages through 6,500 kiosks serving over 4 million farmers. E-Choupal aims to improve market access and transparency for farmers while increasing ITC's sourcing efficiency. The initiative has faced challenges around rural infrastructure and digital literacy but provides social benefits like access to information, insurance, credit and medical services for farmer growth.
Slidedeck for New CPA Swearing-in Ceremony held in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing & Regulation to recognize newly licensed CPAs in Maryland.
This includes some fun facts about the history of the CPA Profession in Maryland.
This is our sixth year hosting this event and featured Barry Melancon, CPA Chairman of the AICPA, Liz Gantnier, CPA member of the State Board, and Michael Vorgetts, Commissioner of Occupational & Professional Licensing of the DLLR who administered the oath.
Telecom Italia Group outlined its 9M 2013 results and 2014-2016 plan. Net debt as of 9M 2013 was €28.2 billion, meeting the target of below €27 billion for full-year 2013. Extraordinary transactions including the disposal of Telecom Argentina and a mandatory convertible bond are expected to strengthen the balance sheet by around €4 billion. A new debt guidance targets reducing net debt/EBITDA to around 2.9x in 2014 and 2.1x in 2016 through debt reduction and equity strengthening.
The document summarizes the development of administrative law in the United States from 1776 to present. It discusses key milestones like the creation of agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and expansion of agency power during the New Deal. It also covers the delegation doctrine, which allows Congress to delegate legislative powers to agencies, and important court cases like Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan and A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States that struck down unlimited delegations that lacked standards. The principles of separation of powers and federalism are also discussed in relation to administrative agencies.
READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ANALYTI...A Makwana
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a well-known multi-criteria decision making
method that has been applied to solve problems in diverse areas. This method was developed by Dr.
Thomas L. Saaty in 1970s as a tool to help with solving technical and managerial problems. During
the past decade, the construction industry in India witnessed remarkable growth, in which the readymixed
concrete (RMC) industry can claim to be a proud partner. Historically speaking, India missed
the benefits of RMC technology for decades. It was only in the early nineties that the industry was
born, but really commenced from the second half of the nineties. During the past few years, housing
and infrastructure have remained the major expansion area. Faster speed and improved quality of
concrete have been the two major demands of these sectors. Ready-mixed concrete was the right
solution for this and it was heartening to see that the RMC industry responded positively to these
demands. The result was the rapid growth of the RMC industry. The industry, which was initially
confined to metropolitan cities, later spread to the two-tier and three-tier cities, vindicating the fact
that RMC was a right solution for different markets. The growth of the RMC industry brought in its
wake certain challenges, chief amongst which was about the quality of concrete supplied by RMC
plants.
This document provides details about ready mix concrete (RMC), including its history, terminology, development in India, materials required, equipment, tests, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and scope. RMC was first patented in 1903 in Germany but commercial delivery began in 1913 in Baltimore. It allows precise concrete proportions to be produced off-site and delivered as a fresh mixture. The equipment required includes conveyors, mixers, silos, and transit trucks. RMC provides benefits like better quality control, reduced waste and labor, and is well-suited for large projects or work in congested areas.
Ready-mixed concrete has grown in India since the 1990s with the liberalization of the economy and increased infrastructure projects requiring faster, higher quality construction. Ready-mixed concrete started commercially in 1994 and has achieved around 2% of the concrete market, though growth has been slow. Increased involvement of foreign and major Indian cement companies is expected to boost the industry in the future. However, the higher costs compared to site-mixed concrete remain a constraint on growth.
The Shapoorji Pallonji Group is a major Indian construction conglomerate with over 150 years of experience. They are known for constructing many landmarks in Mumbai, including buildings for the Reserve Bank of India and Bombay Stock Exchange. The document discusses the Golden Jubilee building project being constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji at the National Institute of Technology in Rourkela, India. It provides details on the construction processes being used, including formwork, reinforcement, concreting, curing, and safety protocols. The training program is concluding and has helped the author gain valuable practical experience in construction site operations.
Challenges and solution in Ready-Mixed Concrete(RMC) Industry/CONSTRUCTION/BU...VedantKotadiya
Challenges Facing the Concrete Industry
There are still a number of challenges facing the Concrete Industry. From a political and social viewpoint, improving the sustainability of concrete construction has to be the first challenge, not because concrete solutions are poor when compared with alternatives, but due to the volume needed for the modern economy. To get a fair comparison of alternatives, sustainability has to be at the level of the structure and include all three pillars of sustainability. Finding a system for combining the different indicators is essential if sustainability is to be assessed correctly and in a holistic and comparative way.
Ready Mix Concrete enables fast, good quality and reliable construction. Wastages and pilferages at sites are eliminated. Time taken in finishing the day concreting is reduced by 40 to 70 percent. Labour is reduced at the site. Ready Mix Concrete creates an ecosystem for site handling to become more convenient, eco-friendly and efficient. The cost comparisons lead to skewed results when the material cost of site concrete is directly compared with the delivered price of Ready Mix Concrete. However, after incorporating the economies achieved from the material, labor and time savings as well as a reduction in failures and corrective actions, it is easy to conclude that Ready Mix Concrete provides an economically viable alternative to all construction requirements. Apart from the short-term economics, buildings and infrastructure costs are substantially reduced when a superior and durable Ready Mix Concrete is used to reduce the overall lifecycle cost of construction. It should also be appreciated that the production of concrete needs to be done reliably and sustainably. This can be done when production facilities are equipped with a certified environment, health, and safety-related controls. The use of concrete from unorganized plants without QCI or BIS certification may appear cheaper but will be detrimental to the construction industry.
This document summarizes a student project on batching plants and ready mix concrete (RMC). It includes chapters on RMC plants, quality control labs, tests conducted by the students, mix design, and conclusions. The introduction discusses the advantages of RMC over on-site concrete mixing. Key points include:
- RMC is mixed at a plant and delivered to the construction site ready to use.
- Tests conducted on materials and concrete included gradation, specific gravity, water absorption, slump tests, and compressive strength.
- Benefits of RMC include precision, reduced waste, and faster construction. Challenges include higher costs and effective transportation.
This document provides information about ready-mix concrete (RMC), including its history, composition, production process, and use in India. Some key points:
- RMC was first developed in Germany in 1903 and introduced in the US in 1913. It involves premixing concrete ingredients off-site and delivering it via transit mixer trucks.
- RMC provides better quality control than on-site mixing and eliminates the need for construction sites to store raw materials. India's first major RMC projects were dams in the 1950s.
- RMC is composed of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, water, and sometimes admixtures or fly ash. Major companies in India operate over 100 RMC plants
readymixconcrete presentation on ready mix concretre and types of rmc mixersAfzalSaifi3
Ready mix concrete is produced at a central plant and delivered to construction sites by truck. The key materials used are cement, aggregates, water and sometimes admixtures. The mixing process can involve transit mixers on trucks or central mixers at the plant. Ready mix concrete provides benefits like consistent quality, less waste and reduced labor needs compared to on-site concrete mixing. However, it also has limitations such as the need for plant proximity due to concrete's setting time. Overall, ready mix concrete production aims to provide high strength and performance for structures through mechanized and controlled mixing processes.
The document presents information on ready mix concrete (RMC). It discusses how RMC was developed in the early 1900s as a ready-to-use concrete mixture that could be transported to construction sites. The document outlines the materials, process, specifications, growth, applications, benefits and limitations of RMC. RMC provides consistent, high-quality concrete and reduces errors compared to on-site mixing due to highly mechanized production in a controlled plant environment.
This document is a report submitted for a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. It discusses self-compacting concrete (SCC), including acknowledging help from supervisors and faculty. The document contains chapters that will cover SCC literature, materials used, mix design, experimental procedures, results, further work, disadvantages, photographs, and conclusions. Tables and figures are listed that will be included to illustrate test methods and results from studying SCC.
Ready mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to a set of properties, then delivered and placed. The idea originated in Germany in 1903. The first US transit mixer was introduced in 1926. RMC was first used in India in 1950 for dam construction. The first RMC plant in India opened in Pune in 1991 but closed soon after. Two commercial RMC plants opened in Mumbai in 1993. RMC offers benefits over traditional concrete like better quality control, elimination of on-site storage and mixing, and reduced time and costs.
IRJET- Best Feasible Transportation Route Analysis for Delivering Ready Mixed...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the best feasible transportation route for delivering ready mixed concrete (RMC) from production plants to a construction site in Mumbai, India using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. It identifies three RMC plants in Sion, Malad, and Bhandup and collects data on their capacities, distances from the construction site, and travel times. It then outlines the methodology which involves georeferencing maps, importing shapefiles of the road network, and analyzing routes between the plants and site based on criteria like travel time and daily concrete demand. The goal is to determine the most effective and efficient delivery routes to optimize RMC transportation.
This document provides an overview of ready-mix concrete (RMC). It discusses the history and development of RMC, which originated in Germany in 1903 and was first used in the United States in 1913. The document outlines the objectives, materials, equipment, and processes involved in RMC production. Key points include that RMC is a premixed concrete that uses aggregates, cement, water and sometimes additives. It is produced in batching plants then transported and mixed in transit mixers for delivery. The document also reviews quality checks, specifications, merits and limitations of using RMC.
This document is a project report on ready mix concrete submitted by a group of civil engineering students at their university. It includes an introduction to ready mix concrete, discussing how it provides a precise concrete mixture that is mixed off-site and delivered. The report then covers the history of ready mix concrete, highlighting some key developments. It also discusses the scope and applications of ready mix concrete in construction projects.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Raz Mohammad to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It provides details of the internship, including acknowledging those who assisted and guided the training. The report will analyze and design a proposed circular building for LUVAS in Rohtak, Haryana in two parts: analysis and design. The analysis will examine slabs, beams, and columns, while the design will create slabs, beams, and columns. Standard building codes, loading conditions, materials, and the software STAAD Pro will be used.
Ready mix concrete is concrete that is proportioned off-site and delivered in a ready-to-use condition by truck. It was first used in the early 1900s and became more common after World War I. In India, ready mix concrete was initially used in the 1950s for large dam projects like Bhakra Nangal and Koyna. It offers benefits like quality control, elimination of manual errors, and mass production of concrete according to standardized mixes.
Ready Mixed Concrete. RMC Production. Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) Manufacturing Plant. A Revolution in Production of Concrete
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is a mixture of cement, water, sand and aggregates. Manufacturing ready-mix concrete and delivering through a transit mixer enables the implementation of precise concrete in the construction project, making it sturdy, strong and long lasting. Ready-mix concrete is particularly advantageous when small quantities of concrete or intermittent placing of concrete are required. Ready-mixed concrete is also ideal for large jobs where space is limited and there is little room for a mixing plant and aggregate stockpiles.
Ready mixed refers to concrete that is batched for delivery from a central plant instead of being mixed on the job site. Each batch of ready-mixed concrete is tailor-made according to the specifics of the contractor and is delivered to the contractor in a plastic condition, usually in the cylindrical trucks often known as "cement mixers."
Ready mix concrete is sometimes preferred over on-site concrete mixing because of the volume it can produce with precision of proportion of mixtures and also due to reduced work site confusion. Using a pre-determined concrete mixture reduces flexibility, both in the supply chain and in the actual components of the concrete.
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Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, then delivered to a work site by truck mounted transit mixers. It offers several advantages over site-mixed concrete including better quality control, reduced labor costs, and less environmental impact. The document discusses the history and development of the RMC industry in various countries including India. It describes the materials used in RMC including aggregates, cement, and other ingredients. Aggregates make up 70-80% of concrete and are divided into coarse and fine aggregates. Proper sampling of aggregates is important for quality control. Cement is the binder that sets and hardens the concrete. The scope and growth potential of the RMC industry in India is
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2. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
INTRODUCTION
Ready-Mixed Concrete (IS: 4926-2003) as “Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer in a central
batching and mixing plant or in a truck mixer and supplied in the fresh condition to the purchaser
either at the site or into the purchaser’s vehicles.” [10]
Ready mixed concrete (RMC) is a specialized material in which cement, aggregate, and other
ingredients are weigh batched at a plant in a central or truck mixer before delivery to the construction
site in a condition ready for placing by the customer. RMC is manufactured at a place away from the
construction site, the two locations being linked by a transport operation. IS: 4926-2003 defines
ready mixed concrete as 'Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer in a central batching and mixing plant
or in a truck mixer and supplied in a fresh condition to the purchaser either at site or into purchaser's
vehicle. [4]
The short 'life' of fresh concrete, with only 2-3 hours before it must be placed, results in ready
mixed concrete being a very much local delivery service, with rarely more than 30-60 minutes
journey to the construction site. The need for supply of ready mixed concrete to fit in with the
customer's construction program means that RMC has to be both a product and a delivery service.
This means that the ready mixed supplier is in two separate businesses — firstly, processing
materials and secondly, transporting product with a very short life. [4]
When researchers refer to the customer, researchers are speaking in effect of two customers.
As far as the product is concerned, concrete must satisfy not only the person who is using it, i.e., the
builder or contractor, but also the authority responsible for defining the properties. However, the
ready mix supplier has only one contract and that is with the builder or contractor and relies on the
latter to define exactly the requirements of die specifying authority (engineer). [4]
The basic product in ready mix concrete is fresh concrete, which is placed on site by the
customer. It is distinct from hardened, precast concrete units. The introduction of ready mixed
concrete has gradually replaced the operation in which the contractor made his own concrete on site.
When ready mix concrete was first introduced, engineers and contractors with considerable expertise
in concrete production and quality control were suspicious of the quality of this new product, whose
manufacture was no longer under their control. Ready mix concrete suppliers need to have stringent
quality control for their product and its delivery, so that customer's apprehensions regarding the
quality of concrete supplied by them are taken care. It will take a while before the customer places
his confidence and trust in the product and services offered by the supplier. [4]
Experience shows that the specifying authority or engineer will be satisfied with ready mixed
concrete if,
(1) The supply complies with the specification for fresh and hardened concrete; (2) He is
assured of continuity of suppliers from experienced and reliable ready mix concrete companies. [4]
In turn, the contractor or builder will be satisfied if,
(1) The deliveries are always on time and concrete is supplied at the required rate, (2) The
workability is correct and appropriate for the placing method used, (3) The quantities are correct, (4)
On those occasions when concrete proves to be defective, the supplier bears his fair share of the cost
of removal and replacement of the defective material, (5) The total cost of concrete, including
supply, handling, and placing, is economic. From this, it is seen that the specifying authority
(engineer) is concerned primarily with the quality of the product, whereas the user, i.e., builder or
contractor, is mainly concerned with the service and its cost, i.e., value for his money. [4]
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3. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Figure 1: Modern Ready Mixed Concrete Plant
(Source: JAGAJI Construction Janta Circle, Opp. Elecon Company, Vallabh Vidyanagar – Anand –
Gujarat)
Figure 2: Modern Ready Mixed Concrete Plant
(Source: RMC India pvt. Ltd. Vadodara, Gujarat)
LITERATURE REVIEW
Ready mixed concrete was first patented in Germany in 1903, but means of transporting was
not sufficiently developed by then to enable the concept to be utilized commercially. The first
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4. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
commercial delivery of ready mixed concrete was made in Baltimore, USA in 1913 and the first
revolving-drum-type transit mixer, of a much smaller capacity than those available today, was born
in 1926. In 1920s and 1930s, ready mixed concrete was introduced in some European countries. [4]
Some early plants were of very small capacities. In 1931, a ready mixed concrete plant set up at what
is now Heathrow airport, London, had 1.52m capacity central mixer, supplying six 1.33 m3 capacity
agitators with an output of 30.58 m3/h. Aggregates were stored in four compartments, each of 76.45
m3 capacity. Cement was handled manually in bags. Till the beginning of World War II, there were
only six firms producing ready mixed concrete in UK. After the War, there was a boost to the ready
mixed concrete industry in whole of Europe. In mid 1990s, there were as many as 1100 RMC plants
in the UK, consuming about 45% of cement produced in the country. [4]
European Ready Mixed Concrete Organization (EMRO) was formed in Europe in 1967. In
1997, some 5850 companies having a large turnover were represented by it. Cement consumption in
RMC plants ranged from 33% to 62% of total cement sales. [4]
In USA, till 1933, only 5% of cement produced was utilized through RMC. ASTM published
first specification for ready mixed concrete in 1934. The RMC industry in USA progressed steadily.
During 1950-4975, RMC industry consumption of total OPC in the USA increased form (l/3) rd to
(2/3) rd and by 1990 to 72.4%. There were 5000 RMC companies in that country by 1978. [4]
In Japan, the first RMC plant was set up in 1949. Initially, dump trucks were used to haul concrete of
low consistency for road construction. In early 1950s mixing type trucks were introduced. Since then
there has been a phenomenal growth of the industry in that country. By the end of 1970s there were
4462 RMC plants in Japan. By 1992 Japan was the largest producer of RMC, producing 181.96
million tons of concrete. In many countries, including some developing countries such as Taiwan,
Malaysia, Indonesia, as well as certain countries in the Gulf region, RMC industry is well developed
today. [4]
Ready mixed concrete plants arrived in India in early 1950s, but their use was restricted to
only major construction projects such as dams. Later RMC was also used for other projects such as
construction of long-span bridges, industrial complexes, etc. These were, however, captive plants
which formed an integral part of the construction projects. It was during 1970s when the Indian
construction industry spread its tentacles overseas, particularly in the Gulf region, that an awareness
of ready mixed concrete was created among Indian engineers, contractors, and builders. Indian
contractors in their works abroad started using RMC plants of 15 to 60 m3/h, and some of these
plants were brought to India in 1980s. Currently there are many ready mix plants operating in
different parts of India, especially in metropolitan cities and towns. [4]
NEED OF READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY
PROCESS
The conventional Ready Mixed Concrete selection approach may sometime towards
improper Ready Mixed Concrete selection which brings partial failure of the project. Present Ready
Mixed Concrete selection process of construction companies in Central Gujarat Region of India was
studied in the beginning of this Research work. Present approach lacks scientific methodology and
does not consider multi-criteria in decision making. There is a need of scientific methodology for
Ready Mixed Concrete selection approach. Such approach will provide the best selection of Ready
Mixed Concrete considering all aspects of the process.
Hence, the need of this Research work based upon various utility measures like quality control, cost,
delivery, quantity at which owners or plant manager have to concentrate for enhancing profit as well
as maintaining standard by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which will help the decision maker to
understand the problem systematically.
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5. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
ADVANTAGES OF READY MIXED CONCRETE
Advantages of Ready Mixed Concrete are well recognized. Some of these are given below:
Uniform and assured quality of concrete: Since RMC is factory produced, the raw material
and production process quality is better than conventional site mixed concrete.
Durability of concrete: RMC can ensure correct W/C ratio to be maintained. Hence the
durability of RMC is consistent and better.
Faster construction speed: In site mixed concrete, the contractor needs to mobilize labour for
mixing as well as placing. In RMC, fresh concrete is supplied in a place able condition and can
directly be placed by pumping. Hence a faster construction speed can be achieved.
Elimination of storage needs at the construction site: In case of site mixed concrete; all raw
materials such as aggregates, sand, and cement have to be stored at the site. In urban situations
and when the work is progressing close to the highways, there is a problem of storage of raw
materials affecting smooth flow of traffic. In case of RMC, this problem is completely avoided
as the storage of materials takes place at the central plant.
Easier admixture addition: In RMC admixtures can be added in a controlled manner because
of the use of sophisticated computer-controlled methods of releasing exact quantities needed.
This is not possible in normal concreting.
Documentation of mix designs: The contractor purchases fresh concrete from the supplier of
RMC, who is responsible not only for documentation but also for maintaining the records.
Reduction in wastage of material: In RMC materials are stored in bulk and used in bulk.
Hence wastage that occurs in loose handling of cement, etc. is completely avoided.
RMC is eco-friendly: The production of RMC is done in an environmentally assessed and
licensed central plant. Hence, dust and noise pollution which is inevitable in concrete is avoided.
[4]
DISADVANTAGES OF READY MIXED CONCRETE
Disadvantages of RMC are well recognized. Some of these are given below:
Need huge initial investment.
Not affordable for small projects (small quantity of concrete).
Needs effective transportation system from R.M.C. to site.
Traffic jam or failure of the vehicle creates a problem if the proper dose of retarder is not given.
Labors should be ready on site to cast the concrete in position to vibrate it and compact it.
Double handling, this results in additional cost and losses in weight, requirement of go downs
for storage of cement and large area at site for storage of raw materials.
Aggregates get mixed and impurities creep in because of wind, weather and mishandling at site.
Improper mixing at site, as there is ineffective control and intangible cost associated with
unorganized preparation at site are other drawbacks of RMC.
There are always possibilities of manipulation; manual error and mischief as concreting are done
at the mercy of gangs, who manipulate the concrete mixes and water cement ratio. [2]
OF THE STUDY
This paper has an objective to develop criteria framework which contributes to Bricks
selection. Secondly, it suggests a case study based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Bricks
selection.
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6. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
A CASE STUDY BASED CRITERIA FRAMEWORK FOR BRICKS SELECTION
Bricks selection depends upon many factors. Literature study and interview with construction
professionals were carried out to prepare the hierarchical framework for bricks selection. Criteria
which contribute towards bricks selection are divided in four major groups such as: Clay bricks,
Human hair bricks, Fly ash (FAL-G) bricks, Sugarcane bassage ash bricks. These criteria are further
subdivided into sub criteria. A final framework for Brick selection criteria is given in Figure 3.
ABRAVIATION
CL – Clay Bricks
CS - Cost
TM - Time
QL - Quality
QN – Quantity
HHB - Human Hair Bricks
CS - Cost
TM - Time
QL - Quality
QN – Quantity
FAB - Fly Ash (FAL –G) Bricks
CS - Cost
TM - Time
QL - Quality
QN – Quantity
SBAB - Sugarcane Bassage Ash
Bricks
CS - Cost
TM - Time
QL - Quality
QN - Quantity
Figure 3: Framework for bricks selection (a case study) – Indian context
The purpose of this research paper is to develop a ranking of criteria which are responsible
for bricks selection (a case study). According to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP),
development of the Criteria Framework (Figure 3) in Indian context is having total 4 numbers of subcriteria’s which are identified for each type of bricks typically which are Quality, Quantity, Delivery
and Cost which affect the bricks selection problem. Main Criteria for bricks selection are: Fly ash
(FAL-G) bricks, Sugarcane bassage ash bricks, Human hair bricks, Clay bricks.
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7. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Analytic Hierarchy Process has been a tool at the hands of decision makers and researchers;
and it is the most widely used multiple criteria decision making tools [19]. The AHP method is
developed by Thomas L. Saaty in 1980 [16]. AHP is very popular and widely applicable in various
fields due to its simplicity, ease of use and flexibility [17]. AHP is a reliable tool to facilitate
systematic and logical decision making processes and determine the significance of a set of criteria
and sub-criteria. AHP method is very suitable for complex social issue in which intangible and
tangible factors cannot be separated [11]. AHP helps in reducing bias in decision-making and it can
minimize common pitfalls of team decision-making process, such as lack of focus, planning,
participation or ownership, which ultimately are costly distractions that can prevent teams from
making the right choice [5, 6, and 7].
The AHP is based on the experience gained by its developer, T. L. Saaty, while directing
research projects in the US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. It was developed as a reaction
to the finding that there is a miserable lack of common, easily understood and easy-to-implement
methodology to enable the taking of complex decisions. Since then, the simplicity and power of the
AHP has led to its widespread use across multiple domains in every part of the world. The AHP has
found use in business, government, social studies, R&D, defence and other domains involving
decisions in which choice, prioritization or forecasting is needed. [12]
Owing to its simplicity and ease of use, the AHP has found ready acceptance by busy
managers and decision-makers. It helps structure the decision-maker’s thoughts and can help in
organizing the problem in a manner that is simple to follow and analyze. Broad areas in which the
AHP has been applied include alternative selection, resource allocation, forecasting, business process
re-engineering, quality function deployment, balanced scorecard, benchmarking, public policy
decisions, healthcare, and many more. Basically the AHP helps in structuring the complexity,
measurement and synthesis of rankings. These features make it suitable for a wide variety of
applications. The AHP has proved a theoretically sound and market tested and accepted
methodology. Its almost universal adoption as a new paradigm for decision-making coupled with its
ease of implementation and understanding constitute its success. More than that, it has proved to be a
methodology capable of producing results that agree with perceptions and expectations. [12]
The importance of the AHP, its variants, and the use of pairwise comparisons in decision
making is best illustrated in the more than 1,000 references cited in [Saaty, 1994]. A number of
special issues in refereed journals have been devoted to the AHP and the use of pairwise
comparisons in decision making. These issues are: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences [Vol. 10,
No.6, 1986]; Mathematical Modeling [Vol. 9, No. 3-5, 1987]; European Journal of Operational
Research [Vol. 48, No.1, 1990]; and Mathematical and Computer Modeling [Vol. 17, No. 4/5, 1993].
Also, four international symposia (called ISAHP) have been dedicated on the same topic so far and
one such event is now scheduled every two years. [12]
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
The procedure for using the AHP can be summarized as:
Define the problem and determine the kind of knowledge sought.
Structure the decision hierarchy from the top with the goal of the decision, then the objectives
from a broad perspective, through the intermediate levels (criteria on which subsequent elements
depend) to the lowest level (which usually is a set of the alternatives).
Construct a set of pairwise comparison matrices. Each element in an upper level is used to
compare the elements in the level immediately below with respect to it.
115
8. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Use the priorities obtained from the comparisons to weigh the priorities in the level immediately
below. Do this for every element. Then for each element in the level below add its weighed
values and obtain its overall or global priority. Continue this process of weighing and adding
until the final priorities of the alternatives in the bottom most level are obtained. [15]
To make comparisons, Researchers need a scale of numbers that indicates how many times more
important or dominant one element is over another element with respect to the criterion or
property with respect to which they are compared. Table No. 1 exhibits the scale.
Table No. 1: Fundamental Scale of Absolute Numbers
INTENSITY OF
IMPORTANCE
DEFINATION
1
Equal Importance
2
Weak or slight
3
Moderate importance
4
Moderate plus
5
Strong importance
6
Strong plus
7
Very strong or
Demonstrated importance
8
Very, very strong
9
Extreme importance
RESIPROCALS OF
ABOVE (1-9)
If activity i has one of the above nonzero numbers assigned to it when
compared with activity j, then j has the
reciprocal value when compared with i
A reasonable assumption
If the activities are very close
May be difficult to assign the best value
but when compared with other
contrasting activities the size of the small
numbers would not be too noticeable, yet
they can still indicate the relative
importance of the activities.
1.1–1.9
EXPLATION
Two activities contribute equally to the
objective
Experience and judgement slightly
favour one activity over another
Experience and judgement strongly
favour one activity over another
An activity is favoured very strongly over
another; its dominance demonstrated in
practice
The evidence favouring one activity over
another is of the highest possible order of
affirmation
(Source: Saaty, T.L. (2008) ‘Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process’, Int. J. Services
Sciences, Vol.1, No.1, pp.83–98) [15]
APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
It is widely used for decision making. AHP technique is widely applied to various fields as given
below:
Choice - The selection of one alternative from a given set of alternatives, usually where there
are multiple decision criteria involved.
Ranking - Putting a set of alternatives in order from most to least desirable.
Prioritization - Determining the relative merit of members of a set of alternatives, as opposed to
selecting a single one or merely ranking them.
Resource allocation - Apportioning resources among a set of alternatives.
116
9. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Benchmarking - Comparing the processes in one’s own organization with those of other bestof-breed organizations.
Quality management - Dealing with the multidimensional aspects of quality and quality
improvement.
Conflict resolution - Settling disputes between parties with apparently incompatible goals or
positions. [1]
ADVANTAGES OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
It illustrates how possible changes in priority at the upper levels have an effect on the priority
of criteria at lower levels.
The method is able to rank criteria according to the needs of the buyer which also leads to more
precise decisions concerning supplier selection.
It provides the buyer with an overview of criteria, their function at the lower levels and goals
at the higher levels.
PROPOSED READY MIXED CONCRETE SELECTION PROCESS
Ready Mixed Concrete selection is a multi-criteria decision making problem and hence AHP
fits to it. It is suggested to use AHP technique for Ready Mixed Concrete selection. So, a survey
questionnaire can be prepared based on AHP technique. It will require the experts to compare
various criteria and sub-criteria on 1 to 9 scales. While doing this comparison they have to use their
past knowledge and information of criteria as well as available Ready Mixed Concrete Plants.
Figure 4 - Explains proposed AHP based Ready Mixed Concrete selection process.
WEIGHTS ALLOCATION
With the help of AHP approach, by doing pair wise comparisons from all respondents,
weights for all sub-criteria’s are calculated. Eigen vector method (EM) is used to derive local
weights for each sub-criterion. The preference weights given by each respondent is aggregated by
Geometric mean method (GMM), as GMM is more consistent with the meanings of both judgments
& priorities in AHP [9]. When the GMM is used as the prioritization procedure, the group
inconsistency is at least as good as the worst individual inconsistency for aggregation approaches [9].
In AHP, two different approaches can be adopted for group decision making: the aggregation of
individual judgments (AIJ) and the aggregation of individual priorities (AIP) [14]. In this research,
AIP method is used; as each respondent is acting in his or her rights and not working together as
team member. In addition, group member are considered to be of equal importance.
Priorities from individual expert are synthesized into a single priority through geometric
mean in order to get an overall estimate of the priorities for each criterion in every level of hierarchy.
The geometric mean for synthesizing individual priorities is expressed in Eq. (1) and (2).
=
… (1)
=
… (2)
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10. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Here,
G = Geometric mean of individual priorities,
a = Priority weight given by expert
n = Number of experts
The Global weight of each sub-criteria is calculated as per Eq. (3) [13]
… (3)
Where:
i = 1, 2, 3…….n = main criteria, sub-criteria at each level
WM, i = Local Weight of Main criteria, W S, i = Local Weight of Sub-criteria
At every level
=1
=1
…..
(4)
According to the AHP the best alternative (in the maximization case) is indicated by the following
relationship [8]
..…(5)
Figure 4: Proposed AHP based Ready Mixed Concrete selection process
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11. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
A CASE STUDY BASED ON BRICKS SELECTION USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY
PROCESS (AHP)
i.
Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the main criteria and its analysis
Table No. 2: Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the Main Criteria
1.00
1.00
Fly ash (FAL - G)
bricks
0.25
0.25
Sugarcane bassage
ash bricks
0.20
0.33
4.00
4.00
1.00
3.00
5.00
3.00
0.33
1.00
11.00
9.00
1.83
4.53
Criteria
Clay bricks
Human hair bricks
Clay bricks
Human hair bricks
Fly ash (FAL - G)
bricks
Sugarcane bassage ash
bricks
TOTAL
1.00
1.00
Now, Normalised matrices is found by dividing each component of matrices by appropriate column
sum.
Table No. 3: Normalised Matrices for Main Criteria
Criteria
Clay bricks (CB)
Human hair bricks
(HHB)
Fly ash (FAL - G)
bricks (FAB)
Sugarcane bassage ash
bricks (SBAB)
TOTAL
Clay bricks
(CB)
Human hair
bricks (HHB)
Fly ash (FAL G) bricks (FAB)
0.09
0.11
0.14
Sugarcane
bassage ash
bricks
(SBAB)
0.04
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.07
0.10
0.36
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.50
0.45
0.33
0.18
0.22
0.30
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Row
average
0.10
Therefore, local weights of the criteria’s are as follows.
LWCB = 0.10, LWHHB = 0.10, LWFAB = 0.50, LWSBAB = 0.30,
Now, check the consistency of the result.
Lemna max. = sum of [Wi * sum of each column]
Lemna max. = 4.25, and n = 4
Now, find Consistency index (CI) = {Lemna max - n} / (n - 1)
CI = 0.08 and now, Consistency Ratio (CR) = CI / RI
Where, RI (Random Index) = 0.90 (for n = 4),
CR = 0.09 < 0.1 hence OK. (According to T. Satty – the founder of the AHP method)
ii.
Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the Criteria-Clay bricks (CB)
Table No. 4: Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the Criteria-Clay bricks
Criteria
Quality Control (QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
TOTAL
Quality Control
(QC)
1.00
1.00
1.00
4.00
7.00
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
4.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
6.00
119
Cost
(CS)
0.25
1.00
0.33
1.00
2.58
12. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Table No. 5: Normalised Matrices for the Criteria-Clay bricks
Criteria
Quality Control (QC)
Quality Control (QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
TOTAL
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.57
1.00
Delivery
(DL)
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.50
1.00
Quantity (QN)
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
1.00
Cost (CS)
Row average
0.10
0.39
0.13
0.39
1.00
0.16
0.24
0.17
0.43
1.00
Therefore, local weights of the criteria’s are as follows.
LWQC = 0.16, LWQN = 0.24, LWDL = 0.17, LWCS = 0.43,
Now, check the consistency of the result.
Lemna max. = sum of [Wi * sum of each column]
Lemna max = 4.23, and n = 4
Now, find Consistency index (CI) = {Lemna max - n} / (n - 1)
CI = 0.08
Now, Consistency Ratio (CR) = CI / RI
Where, RI (Random Index) = 0.90 (for n = 4),
CR = 0.09 < 0.1 hence OK. (According to T. Satty – the founder of the AHP method)
iii.
Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the Criteria- Human Hair Bricks (HHB)
Table No. 6: Pairwise comparison matrices for the Criteria-Human hair bricks
Criteria
Quality Control
(QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
TOTAL
Quality Control (QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
4.00
1.00
1.00
0.50
3.50
2.00
1.00
1.00
5.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
5.00
Table No. 7: Normalised Matrices for the Criteria-Human Hair Bricks
Criteria
Quality Control
(QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
TOTAL
Quality Control
(QC)
Quantity
(QN)
Delivery
(DL)
Cost (CS)
Row
average
0.25
0.29
0.20
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.25
0.25
1.00
0.29
0.29
0.14
1.00
0.40
0.20
0.20
1.00
0.40
0.20
0.20
1.00
0.33
0.23
0.20
1.00
Therefore, local weights of the criteria’s are as follows.
LWQC = 0.23, LWQN = 0.33, LWDL = 0.23, LWCS = 0.20,
Now, check the consistency of the result.
Lemna max. = sum of [Wi * sum of each column]
Lemna max. = 4.06, and n = 4
Now, find Consistency index (CI) = {Lemna max - n} / (n - 1)
CI = 0.02
Now, Consistency Ratio (CR) = CI / RI
Where, RI (Random Index) = 0.90 (for n = 4),
CR = 0.02 < 0.1 hence OK. (According to T. Satty – the founder of the AHP method)
120
13. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
iv.
Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the Criteria- Fly ash (FAL-G) Bricks (FAB)
Table No. 8: Pairwise Comparison matrices for the Criteria - Fly Ash (FAL-G) Bricks (FAB)
Quality Control (QC)
Quality Control
(QC)
1.00
Quantity (QN)
1.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
Delivery (DL)
1.00
0.50
1.00
2.00
Cost (CS)
1.00
1.00
0.50
1.00
TOTAL
4.00
3.50
4.50
5.00
Criteria
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
1.00
1.00
1.00
Now, Normalised matrices are found by dividing each component of matrices by appropriate column
sum.
Table No. 9: Normalised Matrices for the Criteria-Fly Ash (FAL-G) Bricks [FAB]
Criteria
Quality Control
(QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery
(DL)
Cost (CS)
Row average
Quality Control (QC)
0.25
0.29
0.22
0.20
0.24
Quantity (QN)
0.25
0.29
0.44
0.20
0.30
Delivery (DL)
0.25
0.14
0.22
0.40
0.25
Cost (CS)
0.25
0.29
0.11
0.20
0.21
TOTAL
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Therefore, local weights of the criteria’s are as follows.
LWQC = 0.23, LWQN = 0.33, LWDL = 0.23, LWCS = 0.20,
Now, check the consistency of the result.
Lemna max. = sum of [Wi * sum of each column]
Lemna max. = 4.19, and n = 4
Now, find Consistency index (CI) = {Lemna max - n} / (n - 1)
CI = 0.06
Now, Consistency Ratio (CR) = CI / RI
Where, RI (Random Index) = 0.90 (for n = 4),
CR = 0.07 < 0.1 hence OK. (According to T. Satty – the founder of the AHP method)
v.
Pairwise Comparison Matrices for the Criteria - Sugarcane Bassage Ash Bricks (SBAB)
Table No. 10: Pairwise Comparison matrices for the Criteria – Sugarcane Bassage Ash Bricks
(SBAB)
Criteria
Quality Control
(QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Quality Control (QC)
1.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
Quantity (QN)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Delivery (DL)
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
Cost (CS)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
TOTAL
3.50
4.00
5.00
4.00
121
Cost
(CS)
14. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Table No. 11: Normalised matrices for the Criteria – Sugarcane Bassage Ash Bricks (SBAB)
Criteria
Quality Control (QC)
Quantity (QN)
Delivery (DL)
Cost (CS)
TOTAL
Quality Control
(QC)
0.29
0.29
0.14
0.29
1.00
Quantity
(QN)
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
1.00
Delivery
(DL)
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.00
Cost
(CS)
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
1.00
Row
average
0.30
0.25
0.21
0.25
1.00
Therefore, local weights of the criteria’s are as follows.
LWQC = 0.30, LWQN = 0.25, LWDL = 0.21, LWCS = 0.25,
Now, check the consistency of the result.
Lemna max. = sum of [Wi * sum of each column]
Lemna max. = 4.06, and n = 4
Now, find Consistency index (CI) = {Lemna max - n} / (n - 1)
CI = 0.02
Now, Consistency Ratio (CR) = CI / RI
Where, RI (Random Index) = 0.90 (for n = 4),
CR = 0.02 < 0.1 hence OK. (According to T. Satty – the founder of the AHP method)
vi.
Overall Global Weight Of The Criteria Of The Case Study
Table No. 12: Overall Global Weight of the Criteria
SR.
NO.
DESCRIPTION
SUB CRITERIAS
R1
R2
R3
R4
GMM
Clay bricks
5.
Sugarcane
bassage ash
bricks
0.5038
0.4193
0.4675
0.4742
0.4576
0.5028
0.3485
0.3257
0.3543
0.3695
0.1641
0.3944
0.4476
0.2470
0.3045
0.2367
0.2389
0.1565
0.2887
0.2385
Delivery
0.1721
0.1972
0.1000
0.1756
0.1699
0.4271
0.1694
0.2673
0.2887
0.2870
0.2464
0.1614
0.2200
0.3000
0.2382
Quantity
0.2964
0.3035
0.3400
0.3000
0.3214
Delivery
0.2464
0.2480
0.2339
0.1964
0.2421
0.2107
0.2872
0.2000
0.1000
0.1984
0.2395
0.2470
0.2964
0.2875
0.2687
Quantity
0.2950
0.2887
0.2464
0.2375
0.2680
Delivery
0.2538
0.2887
0.2000
0.2375
0.2451
Cost
Fly ash (FAL - G)
bricks
Fly ash (FAL - G) bricks
Sugarcane bassage ash
bricks
Quality
4.
0.0932
Cost
Human hair
bricks
0.0798
0.1000
Quality
3.
0.0600
0.1000
Cost
Clay bricks
0.0809
0.1000
Quantity
2.
Main Criteria
0.1253
0.1030
Quality
1.
0.0956
Human hair bricks
0.2117
0.1756
0.2464
0.2375
0.2182
Quality
0.2964
0.2950
0.2396
0.2417
0.2727
Quantity
0.2464
0.2000
0.4063
0.1917
0.2549
Delivery
0.2107
0.2395
0.1771
0.2417
0.2215
Cost
0.2464
0.2538
0.1771
0.3250
0.2509
122
15. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
vii.
LOCAL AND GLOBAL WEIGHT OF THE CRITERIA
Table No. 13: Composite priority weights for ‘Main Criteria – Sub Criteria of Bricks in Indian
context
SN.
CRITERIA
LOCAL
WEIGHTS
SUB CRITERIA
LOCAL
WEIGHTS
GLOBAL
WEIGHTS
RANK
Quality
1.
Clay bricks
0.0243
10
0.2385
0.0190
14
Delivery
0.0798
0.3045
Quantity
0.1699
0.0136
16
Cost
11
0.0222
13
Quantity
0.3214
0.0299
9
Delivery
0.0932
0.0229
0.2382
0.2421
0.0225
12
Cost
Human hair
bricks
2.
0.2870
Quality
0.1984
0.0185
15
Quality
Sugarcane
bassage ash
bricks
4.
0.0999
0.2727
0.1008
4
0.2549
0.0942
6
Delivery
0.3695
0.2182
2
3
5
Quantity
0.4576
1
0.1226
0.1122
0.2215
0.0819
8
Cost
Fly ash bricks
0.1230
0.2680
0.2451
Quality
3.
0.2687
Quantity
Delivery
Cost
0.2509
0.0927
7
TOTAL
viii.
1.0000
Bricks Manufacturers Overall Ranking
Table No. 14: Summarizes of priority weights of each alternative of Bricks selection
Bricks Selection Criteria
Global
weights
Local
weights
Global
weights
Local
weights
Global
weights
Local
weights
Global
weights
Brick Manufacturer
4
Local
Global
weights
weights
Brick Manufacturer 1
Brick Manufacturer 2
Brick Manufacturer 3
Quality
Clay
bricks
0.0243
0.1641
0.0040
0.3944
0.0096
0.4476
0.0109
0.2470
0.0060
Quantity
0.0190
0.2367
0.0045
0.2389
0.0045
0.1565
0.0030
0.2887
0.0055
Delivery
0.0136
0.1721
0.0023
0.1972
0.0027
0.1000
0.0014
0.1756
0.0024
Cost
0.1694
0.0039
0.2673
0.0061
0.2887
0.0066
0.0055
0.1614
0.0036
0.2200
0.0049
0.3000
0.0067
Quantity
0.0299
0.2964
0.0089
0.3035
0.0091
0.3400
0.0102
0.3000
0.0090
Delivery
0.0225
0.2464
0.0056
0.2480
0.0056
0.2339
0.0053
0.1964
0.0044
0.0185
0.2107
0.0039
0.2872
0.0053
0.2000
0.0037
0.1000
0.0018
0.1230
0.2395
0.0294
0.2470
0.0304
0.2964
0.0365
0.2875
0.0354
Quantity
0.1226
0.2950
0.0362
0.2887
0.0354
0.2464
0.0302
0.2375
0.0291
Delivery
0.1122
0.2538
0.0285
0.2887
0.0324
0.2000
0.0224
0.2375
0.0266
Cost
Sugarca
ne
bassage
ash
bricks
0.0098
0.2464
Quality
Fly ash
(FAL G) bricks
0.4271
0.0222
Cost
Human
hair
bricks
0.0229
Quality
0.0999
0.2117
0.0211
0.1756
0.0175
0.2464
0.0246
0.2375
0.0237
Quality
0.1008
0.2964
0.0299
0.2950
0.0297
0.2396
0.0241
0.2417
0.0244
Quantity
0.0942
0.2464
0.0232
0.2000
0.0188
0.4063
0.0383
0.1917
0.0180
Delivery
0.0819
0.2107
0.0172
0.2395
0.0196
0.1771
0.0145
0.2417
0.0198
Cost
0.0927
0.2464
0.0228
0.2538
0.0235
0.1771
0.0164
0.3250
0.0301
Total scores
Rank
1.0000
0.2528
0.2516
1st
3rd
123
0.2524
2nd
0.2495
4th
16. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
CONCLUSIONS
From this research work, following conclusion are drawn
The main contribution of the work was the identification of the important criteria for the bricks
selection (above case study). Then a multi-criteria decision model for evaluating and selecting a
bricks manufacturer was developed. The model for bricks manufacturer evaluation and selection
was developed using the AHP method. The AHP model is assessing decision-makers to identify
and evaluate the bricks manufacturer selection.
Finally, the developed model is tested on four bricks manufacturer selection problems. The
results show the models are able to assist decision-makers to examine the strengths and
weaknesses of bricks manufacturer selection by comparing them with appropriate main criteria
and sub-criteria.
The developed model has not been implemented yet. It is just tested on four bricks manufacturer
selection problems as mentioned, but the outcome implies that the quality of fly ash (FAL-G)
bricks criterion has the majority weight among other criteria.
A case study of bricks selection based on AHP approach can be applied to four types of selected
bricks which are made of industrial waste such as Fly ash (FAL-G) bricks, Sugarcane Bassage
ash bricks, Human hair bricks, Clay bricks.
Present Approach of bricks selection in construction projects has certain shortcomings and it is
required to improve by application of scientific technique. Present approach does not consider
multiple objectives, Present approach does not collect sufficient data to evaluate bricks selection.
Therefore, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was suggested and applied due to its
applicability to the shortcomings.
According to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), development of the Criteria Framework
in Indian context is prepared for a case study of bricks selection. Total 4 nos. of sub-criteria’s
are identified for each type of bricks typically which are Quality, Quantity, Delivery and Cost
which affect the bricks selection problem. Main Criteria for bricks selection are: Fly ash (FALG) bricks, Sugarcane bassage ash bricks, Human hair bricks, Clay bricks.
For above mentioned case study of brick selection, 4 different bricks manufacturers were
evaluated through AHP based approach. There is found that Bricks Manufacturer No. 1 is best,
Customer can be placed order for fly ash bricks because of top three criteria of fly ash bricks are
Quality, Quantity, Delivery which weights are highest in descending order and affects the bricks
selection and cost of fly ash (FAL-G) bricks is on 5th rank therefore there can be an
improvement in the decision for fly ash bricks selection for profit maximization and cost
optimization.
By using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) complete ranking with scores can be applied on
selected criteria.
With the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) further research work can be carried out on
Ready Mixed Concrete selection as per case study.
The proposed methodology can also be applied to any other selection problem involving
multiple and conflicting criteria.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Authors thankfully acknowledge to Dr. C. L. Patel, Chairman, Charutar Vidya Mandal,
and Er. V. M. Patel, Hon. Jt. Secretary, Charutar Vidya Mandal, Dr. F. S. Umrigar, Principal, B.V.M.
Engineering College, Prof. J. J. Bhavsar, Associate professor and coordinator PG (Construction
Engineering & Management), Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M Engineering College, Er.
Yatinbhai Desai, Jay Maharaj Construction, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India for their motivations
and infrastructural support to carry out this research.
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18. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY
Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District,
Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering
from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat
Technological University in 2012. At present he is Final year student of Master`s
Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma
Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has papers published in
international journals.
Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He
received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Birla
Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he
received his Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined Birla
Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty where he is
Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of
12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E.
(Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in the field of Civil/ Construction
Engineering. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals.
126