For Diploma In Pharmacy

1. Mr.P.C.Patil

2. Definition:
 Ophthalmic products are sterile products, meant for
instillation in to the eye in the space between the eye
leads and eye balls
 These products must be sterile and prepared under the
sterile condition and same methods as per parenteral
preparation
 E.g. Eye drops
Eye Lotions
Eye ointments
Eye Suspension
Contact Lens solution

3.  Foreign particles
 Viscosity
 Tonicity
 pH of the preparation
 Sterility
 Surface activity

4.  These are sterile solutions, essentially free from foreign
particles, suitably compounded and packaged for instillation
into the eye. Nearly all the major ophthalmic therapeutic
agents are water soluble salts
 The selection of the appropriate salt depend on :
 solubility & ocular toxicity
 The effect of pH, tonicity, and buffer capacity
 Examples of topical eye drops :Atropine sulphate eye
drops.
 Disadvantages of eye solutions: 1-The very short time the
solution stays at the eye surface. 2- Its poor bioavailability.

5.  It must be sterile.
 The ointment base selected for an ophthalmic ointment
must be nonirritating to the eye and must permit the
diffusion of the active ingredient throughout the
secretions bathing the eye.
 It should have longer ocular contact time
 E.g. Tetracycline ointment.
 Disadvantage: Their are greasy nature, blurring of
vision.

6.  It contain solid particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle; they must
be homogeneous when shaken gently and remain sufficiently
dispersed to enable the correct dose to be removed from the
container.
 If the drug is not sufficiently soluble, it can be formulated as a
suspension.
 A suspension may also be desired to improve stability,
Bioavailability ,and efficacy.
 The major topical ophthalmic suspensions are the steroid anti-
inflammatory agents.
 Examples :Prednisolone acetate suspension.
 An ophthalmic suspension should use the drug in a microfine
form; usually 95% or more of the particles have a Diameter of
10µm or less.

7.  Types of contact lenses:
 1- Hard contact lenses.
 2- Soft contact lenses.
 3- Rigid gas permeable (RGP).
 Products for soft contact lenses:
 Cleaners(To remove lipid and protein debris) –
 formulation:
1- Viscolizing surface-active agent: to enable gentle friction with
fingertips
2- Antibacterial-fast acting: benzalkonium chloride
3- Rinsing and storage solutions of Soft contact lenses - Facilitate
lens hydration, Inactivation of microbial contamination and
prevent the lens from drying out.

8.  Rinsing and storage solutions of Hard contact lenses
For cleaning, microbial inactivation and hydration
Formulation:
Surface-active agent
Antimicrobial:(0.01% benzalkonium chloride + 0.1%
sodium edetate )
Wetting solutions-To achieve rapid wetting by the
lachrymal fluid and promote comfort Facilitate
insertion of the lens, provide lubrication
Buffering solutions : Hypromellose eye drops B.P.C.