This document describes a follow-the-sun adaptive-mesh grid network design with 5 data centers around the world, including 4 solar-powered data centers that operate on a 6-hour shift schedule based on their time zones and 1 always-on data center. The network uses an adaptive-mesh grid with dynamically channelized connections to optimize bandwidth allocation and reduce required network capacity. This design allows all data centers to remain connected and active to serve users around the clock with lower overall energy usage and costs compared to a conventional dedicated connection design.
Exploiting an Elastic 2-Tiered Cloud Architecture for Rich Mobile ApplicationsReza Rahimi
This document proposes a two-tier cloud architecture to improve quality of service for rich mobile applications. The first tier is a public cloud that provides scalability but has issues with price and delay. The second tier is a local cloud with low delay and power but lacks scalability. A space-time workflow model represents mobile applications as logical steps across the two tiers. An algorithm called CRAM uses simulated annealing and greedy approaches to optimally allocate resources across tiers to maximize savings of power, price and delay for mobile applications. Evaluation shows CRAM achieves 85% of optimal allocation for applications as number of users increases.
The document provides an overview of Deliberant's APC series products, which are designed for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless connectivity. The product line includes base stations and client devices utilizing unlicensed 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. The products feature a new operating system, proprietary polling protocol, integrated antennas, weather resistance, and mounting options. They are suitable for applications including last mile connectivity, surveillance, and hotspots.
The document discusses considerations for wiring between an in-system programmer and a fixture for programming devices. Key points:
1) As programming speeds have increased, careful wiring is needed to avoid signal degradation over the distances involved.
2) Modern devices only require a few programming lines, but memory sizes are increasing rapidly, requiring higher communication bit rates over the wiring.
3) Wiring lengths over 50cm can degrade signal integrity for some programming protocols. The programmer should be placed as close to the fixture as possible.
4) Noise and crosstalk between wires must be minimized through techniques like twisted pair cabling, ground planes, and redundant ground connections. Impedance matching is also important for signal
The document discusses strategies for media companies to distribute content directly to users. It proposes a three-arm model with vertical integration of content, e-commerce, and control of network access points. The first arm utilizes an owned cable network upgraded to digital cable. The second arm establishes a content distribution platform within another carrier's network. The third arm focuses on commoditizing network infrastructure and establishing strict SLAs and co-location agreements.
Foundational framework I authored, defining this comany's messaging guidelines for all outbound marketing communications. Purpose is to shape the comany's value proposition for integration across PR, tradeshows, ads, sales presos, websites, etc to achieve uniformity and build consistently-reinforced market impact
The document discusses different types of computer networks, comparing their speed, tools used, advantages, and disadvantages. It analyzes Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs). The document recommends a LAN for Kamariah because it provides the fastest internet connection and allows easy sharing of devices, data, and costs less to set up.
ZoneFlex 7982 - the best access point everMichal Jarski
Ruckus introduced new Wi-Fi innovations to bolster their portfolio, addressing top problems of capacity, performance, and reliability. This included the ZoneFlex 7982, the first 3-stream 802.11n access point with adaptive antennas, delivering the highest performance and capacity. Ruckus' solutions utilize adaptive signal control, interference mitigation, and other techniques to provide pervasive Wi-Fi performance anywhere and everywhere.
The DMR standard delivers compelling benefits for professional two-way radio users by increasing spectral efficiency through a two-slot TDMA protocol. This allows significant cost savings through reduced equipment needs while also providing enhanced audio quality, longer battery life, and advanced features. DMR represents an exciting evolution for professional mobile radio and strengthens two-way radio's position as the leading communication method for mobile professionals in demanding environments.
Exploiting an Elastic 2-Tiered Cloud Architecture for Rich Mobile ApplicationsReza Rahimi
This document proposes a two-tier cloud architecture to improve quality of service for rich mobile applications. The first tier is a public cloud that provides scalability but has issues with price and delay. The second tier is a local cloud with low delay and power but lacks scalability. A space-time workflow model represents mobile applications as logical steps across the two tiers. An algorithm called CRAM uses simulated annealing and greedy approaches to optimally allocate resources across tiers to maximize savings of power, price and delay for mobile applications. Evaluation shows CRAM achieves 85% of optimal allocation for applications as number of users increases.
The document provides an overview of Deliberant's APC series products, which are designed for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless connectivity. The product line includes base stations and client devices utilizing unlicensed 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. The products feature a new operating system, proprietary polling protocol, integrated antennas, weather resistance, and mounting options. They are suitable for applications including last mile connectivity, surveillance, and hotspots.
The document discusses considerations for wiring between an in-system programmer and a fixture for programming devices. Key points:
1) As programming speeds have increased, careful wiring is needed to avoid signal degradation over the distances involved.
2) Modern devices only require a few programming lines, but memory sizes are increasing rapidly, requiring higher communication bit rates over the wiring.
3) Wiring lengths over 50cm can degrade signal integrity for some programming protocols. The programmer should be placed as close to the fixture as possible.
4) Noise and crosstalk between wires must be minimized through techniques like twisted pair cabling, ground planes, and redundant ground connections. Impedance matching is also important for signal
The document discusses strategies for media companies to distribute content directly to users. It proposes a three-arm model with vertical integration of content, e-commerce, and control of network access points. The first arm utilizes an owned cable network upgraded to digital cable. The second arm establishes a content distribution platform within another carrier's network. The third arm focuses on commoditizing network infrastructure and establishing strict SLAs and co-location agreements.
Foundational framework I authored, defining this comany's messaging guidelines for all outbound marketing communications. Purpose is to shape the comany's value proposition for integration across PR, tradeshows, ads, sales presos, websites, etc to achieve uniformity and build consistently-reinforced market impact
The document discusses different types of computer networks, comparing their speed, tools used, advantages, and disadvantages. It analyzes Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs). The document recommends a LAN for Kamariah because it provides the fastest internet connection and allows easy sharing of devices, data, and costs less to set up.
ZoneFlex 7982 - the best access point everMichal Jarski
Ruckus introduced new Wi-Fi innovations to bolster their portfolio, addressing top problems of capacity, performance, and reliability. This included the ZoneFlex 7982, the first 3-stream 802.11n access point with adaptive antennas, delivering the highest performance and capacity. Ruckus' solutions utilize adaptive signal control, interference mitigation, and other techniques to provide pervasive Wi-Fi performance anywhere and everywhere.
The DMR standard delivers compelling benefits for professional two-way radio users by increasing spectral efficiency through a two-slot TDMA protocol. This allows significant cost savings through reduced equipment needs while also providing enhanced audio quality, longer battery life, and advanced features. DMR represents an exciting evolution for professional mobile radio and strengthens two-way radio's position as the leading communication method for mobile professionals in demanding environments.
The document discusses the evolution of networks towards Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and describes some of the key components of NGN architectures including IP services, control plane architectures, VoIP, mobility support, QoS, IPv6 migration, and potential local and core network topologies. Reference network architectures are presented for traditional IP networks and the introduction of NGN services in circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
AirHarmony is an all-in-one 2G and 4G base station with integrated wireless backhaul that provides voice and data services to rural communities. Unlike traditional base stations, it has a compact design and self-backhaul capability using Airspan's iBridge technology. This allows operators to economically deliver connectivity to remote areas with low infrastructure costs and power needs.
The Cambium PMP 430 fixed wireless broadband solution provides high throughput, extended range, and low total cost of ownership for network operators. It offers over 45 Mbps of throughput per access point using 10 and 20 MHz channels and OFDM technology. The PMP 430 has a range of up to 30 miles using high gain antennas. It provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for network expansion as demand increases.
Tandem Transit LLC is a peering company founded in 2008 that allows telecommunications carriers to exchange off-net traffic without relying solely on RBOC transit providers. It provides an all IP network that supports voice calls with protocol conversion and gateway functionality. Tandem Transit aims to launch a global tandem solution in 2011 called "Tandem in the Cloud" that will allow carriers to exchange traffic via IP protocols.
The document discusses opportunities for reducing power consumption in broadband networks. It finds that the biggest potential lies in simplifying the access layer, including the home gateway. Functions can be consolidated from the home gateway to the DSLAM or IP Edge to reduce power usage. Standardizing on open IPTV interfaces could also allow eliminating set-top boxes. Overall, rearchitecting networks with a focus on green technologies and intelligence at the Edge provides opportunities for power, capital, and operational savings.
Ngn2004 Moving Up And To The Edges110204guestf6c708
The document discusses the shifting demand landscape for next generation networks (NGNs). It notes that demand has moved from voice to computing and data networking, and from wired to wireless access. Key network equipment needs have transitioned from call centers and PBXs to NGN edge routers and core routers. Enterprise switching requirements have increased from 1Gbps speeds and limited protocols to 10Gbps speeds, full L2/L3 support, and multi-protocol switching at wire speed. Supporting this underlying demand shift will require enterprise switches with greater flexibility and programmability, and line cards adopting technologies like PCI Express and RDMA, at lower prices.
The document discusses the use of femtocells to address mobile broadband capacity challenges. It notes that femtocells can provide the cheapest and fastest network access through small cell reuse of spectrum. The document also discusses how intelligent traffic management using deep packet inspection is needed to shape traffic based on network conditions and service level agreements. This helps maximize network monetization and efficiently manage scarce spectrum resources.
Peter Lanfermann Vodafone D2 LTE deployment in GermanyErwann Thomassain
Peter Lanfermann Vodafone D2 LTE deployment in Germany - slides from the latest Amdocs InTouch Business Forum that took place in Singapore in June 2011
The PTP 100 Series from Cambium Networks provides the lowest cost of entry for high-quality wireless broadband using point-to-point technology. It offers a simple and affordable way to upgrade networks through software keys that increase throughput. The PTP 100 Series delivers exceptional performance and reliability with flexible upgrade options to support network and business growth over time.
The Broadband Forum is an international standards organization focused on developing specifications to facilitate broadband convergence. The document discusses the Broadband Forum's strategic objectives, including facilitating broadband convergence through common standards, defining common CPE specifications, and ensuring a successful IPv4 to IPv6 migration. It also provides an overview of the Broadband Forum's scope of work, which includes specifications related to broadband management, networks, and users.
This document summarizes a Cisco Knowledge Network presentation on the network after SONET. It introduces the speakers and topic, which is how networks have evolved beyond the traditional SONET architecture. The presentation traces the history of network technologies from 2000 to 2002, starting with SONET and the introduction of Ethernet. It notes the challenges that arose with mapping Ethernet to SONET, such as rigid mapping and inefficient use of bandwidth. The presentation aims to explore new network architectures to address these challenges.
Timing Excellence for Mobile Backhaul Networks at Broadband World ForumADVA
The document discusses synchronization requirements for mobile backhaul networks. It notes that precise timing alignment is now key for technologies like LTE Advanced. A variety of network technologies can be used for backhaul, from fiber and microwave to copper. Assured delivery of timing information is important. Synchronization networks will need to support many more cell sites, including small cells, and will become more complex. Timing assurance components will be crucial for managing synchronization across multi-operator networks.
Webcast: Reduce Costs, Improve Agility with ConvergenomicsEmulex Corporation
Emulex provides solutions for network convergence that can reduce costs and improve efficiency. Network convergence allows organizations to consolidate multiple network types onto a single infrastructure and virtualize network resources. This enables benefits like reduced switching and cabling costs, lower power usage, and more agile provisioning of resources. Emulex's converged network adapters and management tools help enable these benefits across different deployment phases from pilots to full enterprise adoption.
1) A laboratory listening test showed that users clearly prefer the AMR-WB voice codec over narrowband voice as it provides higher quality voice calls. A consumer trial of 150 users also found that over 70% perceived a distinct improvement in call quality with AMR-WB.
2) The AMR-WB codec is being standardized for use in GSM, UMTS, and fixed networks to provide higher quality voice calls while maintaining similar data rates as existing codecs. Mobile operators can boost revenue through new services enabled by AMR-WB.
3) Implementing AMR-WB requires some upgrades to network infrastructure like mobile phones and core network transport, but the upgrades are minor and AMR-WB can co
Diameter is the next generation Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) protocol that consists of a base specification and applications. It allows for roaming between networks by authenticating users through their home network and granting access on remote networks. Several organizations are working on Diameter specifications and applications to support different access technologies and services. Further work is still needed to complete specifications for Mobile IP, SIP, and other network applications.
PowerPoint presentations don't always have to be boring. When used effectively, PowerPoint can be a useful tool to engage an audience and convey key messages and information in an interesting way. Presenters should aim to limit text on slides and use visual elements like images, charts and diagrams to help illustrate concepts. Interactivity, such as polls or questions, can also help keep audiences focused and involved. With some creativity, PowerPoint does not need to equal death by boredom.
Atento needed to connect call centers in Spain with customer service representatives in South America to reduce costs. RAD's Vmux voice compression gateways were deployed to compress voice traffic over data links at a rate of 5.3 kbps, about half the rate of VoIP. This allowed Atento to eliminate expensive international E1 lines and reduce operating expenses. The modular RAD solution was simple to install and deploy new services and desktops quickly.
The document discusses a presentation about preparing for the next generation internet (IPv6). It outlines that the presentation will cover what factors determine an organization's timeline for adopting IPv6, how the new protocol impacts businesses, and whether they are ready for the transition. Key areas that will be assessed include service providers' IPv6 capabilities, network infrastructure, operating systems, and application development. Attendees will learn how to evaluate their network and technology readiness for the new protocol.
The document discusses best practices for deploying Microsoft OCS with SIP trunking. It summarizes IntelePeer's cloud-based voice peering network and SIP trunking services. It also provides guidance on common activation issues, reference architectures, quality considerations, and keys to evaluating SIP trunking providers. IntelePeer offers a Fast Start program that provides a 30-day evaluation of their SIP trunking services for Microsoft OCS.
This document discusses greening data center operations through reducing dedicated resources, infrastructure overhead, and costs while improving security, reliability, and sustainability. It promotes Verne Global's data centers in Iceland, which leverage 100% renewable energy sources, free cooling, and a modular design to deliver efficient, eco-friendly infrastructure as a service to customers. Verne Global aims to establish a healthy balance between IT needs and environmental impact through their sustainable data center solutions.
The document discusses a modular cooling solution for data centers as an alternative to traditional CRAC-based cooling. It presents the modular cooling unit design, which uses refrigerant to transfer heat directly from racks to the external environment. A case study shows the solution reduced server temperatures in a lab by up to 14 degrees F compared to CRAC cooling, while also improving data center space utilization. The business case analysis finds that the modular solution saves on energy costs and has a payback period of 3.3 years compared to traditional CRAC units for a sample data center.
The document discusses the evolution of networks towards Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and describes some of the key components of NGN architectures including IP services, control plane architectures, VoIP, mobility support, QoS, IPv6 migration, and potential local and core network topologies. Reference network architectures are presented for traditional IP networks and the introduction of NGN services in circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
AirHarmony is an all-in-one 2G and 4G base station with integrated wireless backhaul that provides voice and data services to rural communities. Unlike traditional base stations, it has a compact design and self-backhaul capability using Airspan's iBridge technology. This allows operators to economically deliver connectivity to remote areas with low infrastructure costs and power needs.
The Cambium PMP 430 fixed wireless broadband solution provides high throughput, extended range, and low total cost of ownership for network operators. It offers over 45 Mbps of throughput per access point using 10 and 20 MHz channels and OFDM technology. The PMP 430 has a range of up to 30 miles using high gain antennas. It provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for network expansion as demand increases.
Tandem Transit LLC is a peering company founded in 2008 that allows telecommunications carriers to exchange off-net traffic without relying solely on RBOC transit providers. It provides an all IP network that supports voice calls with protocol conversion and gateway functionality. Tandem Transit aims to launch a global tandem solution in 2011 called "Tandem in the Cloud" that will allow carriers to exchange traffic via IP protocols.
The document discusses opportunities for reducing power consumption in broadband networks. It finds that the biggest potential lies in simplifying the access layer, including the home gateway. Functions can be consolidated from the home gateway to the DSLAM or IP Edge to reduce power usage. Standardizing on open IPTV interfaces could also allow eliminating set-top boxes. Overall, rearchitecting networks with a focus on green technologies and intelligence at the Edge provides opportunities for power, capital, and operational savings.
Ngn2004 Moving Up And To The Edges110204guestf6c708
The document discusses the shifting demand landscape for next generation networks (NGNs). It notes that demand has moved from voice to computing and data networking, and from wired to wireless access. Key network equipment needs have transitioned from call centers and PBXs to NGN edge routers and core routers. Enterprise switching requirements have increased from 1Gbps speeds and limited protocols to 10Gbps speeds, full L2/L3 support, and multi-protocol switching at wire speed. Supporting this underlying demand shift will require enterprise switches with greater flexibility and programmability, and line cards adopting technologies like PCI Express and RDMA, at lower prices.
The document discusses the use of femtocells to address mobile broadband capacity challenges. It notes that femtocells can provide the cheapest and fastest network access through small cell reuse of spectrum. The document also discusses how intelligent traffic management using deep packet inspection is needed to shape traffic based on network conditions and service level agreements. This helps maximize network monetization and efficiently manage scarce spectrum resources.
Peter Lanfermann Vodafone D2 LTE deployment in GermanyErwann Thomassain
Peter Lanfermann Vodafone D2 LTE deployment in Germany - slides from the latest Amdocs InTouch Business Forum that took place in Singapore in June 2011
The PTP 100 Series from Cambium Networks provides the lowest cost of entry for high-quality wireless broadband using point-to-point technology. It offers a simple and affordable way to upgrade networks through software keys that increase throughput. The PTP 100 Series delivers exceptional performance and reliability with flexible upgrade options to support network and business growth over time.
The Broadband Forum is an international standards organization focused on developing specifications to facilitate broadband convergence. The document discusses the Broadband Forum's strategic objectives, including facilitating broadband convergence through common standards, defining common CPE specifications, and ensuring a successful IPv4 to IPv6 migration. It also provides an overview of the Broadband Forum's scope of work, which includes specifications related to broadband management, networks, and users.
This document summarizes a Cisco Knowledge Network presentation on the network after SONET. It introduces the speakers and topic, which is how networks have evolved beyond the traditional SONET architecture. The presentation traces the history of network technologies from 2000 to 2002, starting with SONET and the introduction of Ethernet. It notes the challenges that arose with mapping Ethernet to SONET, such as rigid mapping and inefficient use of bandwidth. The presentation aims to explore new network architectures to address these challenges.
Timing Excellence for Mobile Backhaul Networks at Broadband World ForumADVA
The document discusses synchronization requirements for mobile backhaul networks. It notes that precise timing alignment is now key for technologies like LTE Advanced. A variety of network technologies can be used for backhaul, from fiber and microwave to copper. Assured delivery of timing information is important. Synchronization networks will need to support many more cell sites, including small cells, and will become more complex. Timing assurance components will be crucial for managing synchronization across multi-operator networks.
Webcast: Reduce Costs, Improve Agility with ConvergenomicsEmulex Corporation
Emulex provides solutions for network convergence that can reduce costs and improve efficiency. Network convergence allows organizations to consolidate multiple network types onto a single infrastructure and virtualize network resources. This enables benefits like reduced switching and cabling costs, lower power usage, and more agile provisioning of resources. Emulex's converged network adapters and management tools help enable these benefits across different deployment phases from pilots to full enterprise adoption.
1) A laboratory listening test showed that users clearly prefer the AMR-WB voice codec over narrowband voice as it provides higher quality voice calls. A consumer trial of 150 users also found that over 70% perceived a distinct improvement in call quality with AMR-WB.
2) The AMR-WB codec is being standardized for use in GSM, UMTS, and fixed networks to provide higher quality voice calls while maintaining similar data rates as existing codecs. Mobile operators can boost revenue through new services enabled by AMR-WB.
3) Implementing AMR-WB requires some upgrades to network infrastructure like mobile phones and core network transport, but the upgrades are minor and AMR-WB can co
Diameter is the next generation Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) protocol that consists of a base specification and applications. It allows for roaming between networks by authenticating users through their home network and granting access on remote networks. Several organizations are working on Diameter specifications and applications to support different access technologies and services. Further work is still needed to complete specifications for Mobile IP, SIP, and other network applications.
PowerPoint presentations don't always have to be boring. When used effectively, PowerPoint can be a useful tool to engage an audience and convey key messages and information in an interesting way. Presenters should aim to limit text on slides and use visual elements like images, charts and diagrams to help illustrate concepts. Interactivity, such as polls or questions, can also help keep audiences focused and involved. With some creativity, PowerPoint does not need to equal death by boredom.
Atento needed to connect call centers in Spain with customer service representatives in South America to reduce costs. RAD's Vmux voice compression gateways were deployed to compress voice traffic over data links at a rate of 5.3 kbps, about half the rate of VoIP. This allowed Atento to eliminate expensive international E1 lines and reduce operating expenses. The modular RAD solution was simple to install and deploy new services and desktops quickly.
The document discusses a presentation about preparing for the next generation internet (IPv6). It outlines that the presentation will cover what factors determine an organization's timeline for adopting IPv6, how the new protocol impacts businesses, and whether they are ready for the transition. Key areas that will be assessed include service providers' IPv6 capabilities, network infrastructure, operating systems, and application development. Attendees will learn how to evaluate their network and technology readiness for the new protocol.
The document discusses best practices for deploying Microsoft OCS with SIP trunking. It summarizes IntelePeer's cloud-based voice peering network and SIP trunking services. It also provides guidance on common activation issues, reference architectures, quality considerations, and keys to evaluating SIP trunking providers. IntelePeer offers a Fast Start program that provides a 30-day evaluation of their SIP trunking services for Microsoft OCS.
This document discusses greening data center operations through reducing dedicated resources, infrastructure overhead, and costs while improving security, reliability, and sustainability. It promotes Verne Global's data centers in Iceland, which leverage 100% renewable energy sources, free cooling, and a modular design to deliver efficient, eco-friendly infrastructure as a service to customers. Verne Global aims to establish a healthy balance between IT needs and environmental impact through their sustainable data center solutions.
The document discusses a modular cooling solution for data centers as an alternative to traditional CRAC-based cooling. It presents the modular cooling unit design, which uses refrigerant to transfer heat directly from racks to the external environment. A case study shows the solution reduced server temperatures in a lab by up to 14 degrees F compared to CRAC cooling, while also improving data center space utilization. The business case analysis finds that the modular solution saves on energy costs and has a payback period of 3.3 years compared to traditional CRAC units for a sample data center.
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, scalable, and reliable wide area network connectivity. These services can be used to deliver various applications over a single Ethernet connection and include E-Line, E-LAN, and E-Tree. Carrier Ethernet leverages technologies like MPLS, SONET, and DWDM to create private communications networks with performance assurances, visibility, and expense predictability.
Code-N-Play provides a framework for deploying protocol stacks using Java bundles and OSGi. It allows:
- Development and deployment of network protocol stacks as modular Java bundles.
- Execution of protocol stacks and networked "applications" within the SpringSource dm application server in a contained manner.
- Emulation of computer networks using XMPP for communication between networked "nodes" running within the dm server.
This allows for flexible and repeatable experimentation with computer networks and network protocols through software.
The document discusses LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), which was developed by Cisco to address scalability issues facing the Internet. LISP solves these issues by separating a host's identifier (EID) from its locator (RLOC) using an encapsulation scheme and mapping system. This allows routing scalability by removing most host routes from the global routing system and storing them in a distributed database. The document outlines LISP's control and data plane operations, use cases, and Cisco's involvement in developing and standardizing the protocol.
IPv4 addresses are depleting and IPv6 adoption is necessary for continued Internet growth. IPv4 has run out of unallocated address blocks while IPv6 has vast address space to support growth. The Internet must transition to using both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols simultaneously. All organizations should begin IPv6 planning and deployment to ensure systems and networks can be reached using the new protocol.
This document discusses the growing importance of measuring the energy efficiency of networking devices. As data and network traffic increases, the energy and cooling costs associated with powering network infrastructure is becoming a significant operational expense for network operators. Standards organizations have begun developing methods to measure and report the energy consumption and efficiency of networking equipment in order to help network operators select more efficient solutions and lower overall power consumption. The document outlines various industry initiatives and Ixia's solution for performing real-world energy efficiency testing of networking devices.
This document provides information on designing structured cabling systems, including premises and backbone cabling. It discusses network-specific and open cabling systems, as well as centralized and distributed network architectures. Key considerations for cabling system design include applications, hardware, software, physical plant and cost. The document also covers telecommunications outlet placement, telecommunications and equipment room design, horizontal and backbone cabling, media types, and standards bodies. Diagrams illustrate typical topologies, pathways, and closet layouts.
This document presents SAPSM, a system that uses machine learning to classify smartphone apps as either high or low priority based on their network usage patterns. It then uses these classifications to optimize the phone's WiFi power save mode for each app's traffic, allowing low priority app traffic without triggering a power-hungry mode switch. This can significantly reduce energy consumption from WiFi without degrading performance of high priority apps like web browsing. The system was evaluated using a user study and shown to achieve large energy savings for low priority apps while maintaining performance for high priority ones.
Architecting Femtocell Solutions- The Ten Most Important Steps to Building a ...Continuous Computing
This document discusses key steps in building a femtocell solution. It identifies selecting silicon, protecting software investments, supporting evolving network architectures, optimizing capacity and performance, deciding on standalone vs converged devices, managing RF interference, integrating femtocell services, and future proofing as the ten most important steps. It provides details on these topics and emphasizes that software optimization is critical to maximizing limited CPU resources in femtocells.
Seminar: Wireless Technology at Elektro UI.May05Djadja Sardjana
This document discusses the history and principles of wireless technology, including GSM and CDMA standards. It then focuses on introducing EDGE technology, which allows higher data transmission rates over existing GSM networks. The presentation agenda indicates it will cover wireless history, principles of wireless standards like GSM and CDMA, emerging 3G technologies, and finally provide an introduction to EDGE technology and its capabilities.
This document provides an overview of 3G and mobile data networks. It begins with an agenda that covers mobile network overviews, 2.5G data networks like GPRS, phases of 3G deployment focusing on areas like IP RAN and QoS, case studies, and WLAN integration. It then provides explanations of 2G mobile networks including GSM and CDMA network architecture and protocols. Finally, it discusses GPRS as an example of a 2.5G data network, covering its architecture and protocols for providing a packet-switched core overlay on existing GSM networks.
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overviewtimmurphycomcast
This document provides information about Comcast's Metro Ethernet services. It summarizes Comcast's network infrastructure, customer base, and revenue growth. It then describes Comcast's Ethernet network services portfolio, including Ethernet Private Line, Ethernet Virtual Private Line, Ethernet Network Service, and Ethernet Dedicated Internet. The document emphasizes Comcast's network diversity, scalability, reliability, and local support as benefits for business customers.
This document summarizes a study on IP over WDM networks. It discusses the motivations for using IP over WDM due to the exponential growth of IP traffic exceeding voice traffic. WDM technology allows multiple wavelengths on a single fiber, providing a good match for high capacity IP traffic needs. The document also covers IP traffic over WDM networks, MPLS approaches for IP over WDM including GMPLS control planes, and optical internetworking and signaling across network boundaries.
Conferentie Greening the Enterprise,
IT Executive, 25 november 2009
Science meets IT
Wat heeft de Nederlandse wetenschap eigenlijk in de naaste toekomst te bieden op het gebied van duurzaamheid. Discussie met Nederlandse topwetenschappers Prof.ir. Ton Koonen en
Prof. dr. ir. Gerard Smit.
Moderator: Roel Croes (mede-oprichter en bestuurslid Stichting GreenICT)
Prof.ir. Ton Koonen (hoogleraar Technische Universiteit Eindhoven)
Prof. dr. ir. Gerard Smit (hoogleraar Universiteit Twente)
This document provides an overview of cable modem and DSL technologies including:
1. Key terms related to cable modem technology such as broadband, CATV, coaxial cable, and DOCSIS standards.
2. Components of a cable network including the headend, distribution network, and cable modem.
3. DSL deployment benefits such as utilizing existing telephone lines but distance limitations compared to cable.
4. DSL terminology and variants including ADSL, VDSL, and symmetric DSL options.
This chapter discusses circuits and transmission methods for both analog and digital data. It covers topics such as circuit configurations, multiplexing techniques like TDM and FDM to maximize circuit usage, and different types of communication media including twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves and satellites. The chapter also examines how to select appropriate media based on factors like transmission distance, speed, security and cost. Additionally, it describes how digital data is transmitted digitally using techniques like coding standards and transmission modes to ensure interoperability.
This document discusses Transmode, a Swedish company that provides optical networking solutions. It provides information on Transmode's products and portfolio, which include WDM systems for metro networks (TM series), enterprise networks (TG series), and passive CWDM systems (TS series). The document also discusses Transmode's management system, applications of its products, references and customers in Poland, and its vision for using optical networking to transmit more data over fiber.
InfiniBand is a high-performance network architecture based on a switched fabric design that supports bandwidth between 2.5-30Gbps. It is used in storage and cluster networks and offers throughput of up to 2.5GB/s and support for 64,000 devices. InfiniBand uses a serial bus design and supports multiple memory areas that can be addressed by processors and storage. It uses switched routing and Internet Protocol Version 6 for almost limitless device expansion.
The document provides information about Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), a river valley project in India. It discusses that DVC was the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India established in 1948. It generates, transmits and distributes electricity and facilitates irrigation and water supply. The document also provides details about DVC's infrastructure including its power generation capacity, transmission lines, and command area covered.
This document discusses Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode (DTM), a networking technology designed to efficiently use the high transmission capacity of optical fibers. DTM aims to provide high-speed networking with adaptive bandwidth and support for real-time multimedia traffic like audio and video. It is intended to increase fiber usage by reducing network complexity compared to traditional circuit switching and packet switching approaches. The future of DTM involves supporting the hundreds of wavelengths that will be carried by single fibers in the near future.
This document discusses network design and architecture from different layers. It begins by explaining the 7 layers of the OSI model and network terminology. It then discusses the need for high bandwidth networks to support applications like video. Wavelength division multiplexing is introduced as a way to increase fiber capacity. The document discusses typical network requirements, protection schemes, and the differences between OADM and RODAM networks. It provides examples of network architectures from the perspective of layers 1, 2, and 3.
Cisco CallManager Express (CME) is a call processing solution that provides VoIP functionality for small to medium sized networks of up to 120 IP phones. It allows connection to the PSTN via analog or digital trunks and supports protocols like Skinny and H.323 for call control. CME is configured on Cisco IOS routers and gateways to provide integrated voice and data services over IP.
CDPD allows data transmission over vacant cellular channels using small packets. It reuses existing AMPS networks without interfering with voice calls. CDPD includes mobile end systems, mobile data base stations that find idle channels, and mobile data intermediate systems that route packets and support user mobility. It aimed to provide low-speed always-on data and broadcasting using AMPS spectrum without needing new licenses.
Group members: Muhammad Kashif Khan, Muhammad Umair Virk, Muhammad Jaffar Hussain, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Asad Saeed, Tahira.
The document introduces Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking. It discusses how ATM transmits all information in small, fixed-size 53 byte cells and supports connections with guaranteed quality of service. It also covers ATM services, networks, advantages like support for multimedia and legacy systems, and disadvantages like high costs.
This document discusses the transition to IP/MPLS in mobile backhaul networks. As networks evolve to support 4G/LTE, MPLS provides a unified solution for transporting various technologies like legacy TDM/ATM, Ethernet, and IP. MPLS enables features like scalability, reliability, manageability, traffic engineering, and quality of service required by mobile backhaul. The transition involves migrating networks to MPLS in phases, starting with aggregation and eventually supporting all technologies over a common MPLS infrastructure.
This document provides an introduction to RINA and discusses problems with the current Internet architecture. It argues that much of what is believed about the Internet is myth rather than reality. The Internet is facing severe problems like poor security, inefficient routing, and lack of mobility and quality of service support. Additionally, the document claims guiding principles for future Internet design are not very helpful. It asserts that networking is fundamentally about inter-process communication and the answer to improving Internet architecture has been clear since the mid-1990s.
This document summarizes the evolution of wireless technologies from 0G to 4G and highlights some of the key challenges of 3G/4G networks. It shows how data rates have doubled every year, driving the transition from narrowband to broadband networks. While 3G deployments are maturing, 4G/LTE rollouts are just beginning. This is fueling a massive growth in mobile data traffic and creating challenges around traffic management, mobile backhaul capacity, and complex new network architectures.
Packet Design introduces route analytics technology to help manage complex IP networks during the IPv4 to IPv6 transition. Route analytics passively monitors routing protocols to create an accurate model of the network topology and application traffic paths. It helps troubleshoot issues, plan network changes like enabling IPv6, and ensure IPv6 prefixes are routed properly. Route analytics also provides real-time and historical views of network routing with the ability to simulate and model routing changes. This helps engineers more accurately manage the IPv6 transition.
The document discusses a presentation about preparing for the next generation internet (IPv6). It outlines that the presentation will cover what factors determine an organization's timeline for adopting IPv6, how the new protocol impacts businesses, and whether they are ready for the transition. Key areas that will be assessed include service providers' IPv6 capabilities, network infrastructure, operating systems, and application development. Attendees will learn how to evaluate their network and technology readiness for the new protocol.
Carrier Ethernet services provide businesses with standardized, carrier-class Ethernet connectivity and networking capabilities. They address the need for consistent application performance, accessibility, and expense predictability. Carrier Ethernet uses Ethernet technology and protocols to deliver services at wide area scales beyond 10Gbps. Popular service types include E-Line, E-LAN, VPLS, and IP VPNs. Level 3 provides nationwide and international carrier Ethernet networks and services.
This document discusses Ethernet OAM and lessons learned from interoperability testing. Key points include:
- Standards exist for Ethernet OAM fault and performance management, but differences between IEEE and ITU-T standards prevent full interoperability.
- Testing through the Verizon Interoperability Forum revealed implementation challenges across vendors in areas like naming, link trace, and performance monitoring support.
- Managing OAM across networks is complex due to the need to provision monitoring points and reactions to faults on a service-specific basis across multiple network elements.
- Notifying customers of faults requires supporting either AIS or E-LMI asynchronous status messages depending on customer equipment capabilities.
- Continued development is
The document proposes a solution for scaling LDP-based pseudowire (PW) services across multiple regions. It uses LDP signaling for setting up intra-region PWs and BGP for inter-region stitching and routing. The solution allows PW services to extend across autonomous systems and areas without requiring protocols like BGP on terminating provider edges (T-PEs). Provisioning and signaling are simplified through the use of attachment identifiers and route targets. Existing T-PE capabilities are largely reused through minor extensions to FEC-128/129 signaling over LDP. BGP routing between switching provider edges (S-PEs) avoids a full mesh of LDP sessions to improve scaling as the number of T-
This document discusses using label switched multicast (LSM) for optimized video delivery over MPLS networks. It covers market trends in video, types of video, video delivery architectures, and an overview of label switched multicast using RSVP-TE and mLDP signaling. Examples applications of LSM for video contribution, primary distribution, and enterprise distribution are provided. The document concludes that MPLS networks are increasingly being used for different types of video delivery and that LSM can optimize this delivery through applications tailored to specific video use cases and requirements.
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
This document discusses how virtualization can provide the foundation for a green IT business case in a data center. It summarizes trends in server and desktop virtualization adoption. It also discusses challenges related to power usage and cooling in data centers. The document then models how virtualization can reduce capital and operational costs through lower hardware, power, and cooling needs. It shows how these savings can provide a strong ROI, especially as virtualization maturity increases. It concludes that virtualization is a key way to reduce energy usage and improve sustainability in a data center.
This document discusses greening data center operations through reducing dedicated resources, infrastructure overhead, and costs while improving security, reliability, and sustainability. It promotes Verne Global's data centers in Iceland, which leverage 100% renewable energy sources, free cooling, and a modular design to deliver efficient, eco-friendly infrastructure as a service to customers. Verne Global aims to establish a healthy balance between IT needs and environmental impact through their sustainable data center solutions.
1) The document proposes an adaptive-mesh grid network of 5 data centers powered by solar, wind, and geothermal sources located around the world to provide continuous network access and data center services.
2) 4 data centers would operate on 6-hour shifts based on their local time zones during peak usage hours, while 1 data center remains always-on.
3) The network uses wavelength division multiplexing on fiber optic rings to dynamically allocate bandwidth between data centers as needed, reducing network capacity costs significantly compared to conventional network designs.
The document discusses a modular cooling solution for data centers as an alternative to traditional CRAC-based cooling. It presents the modular cooling unit design, which uses refrigerant to transfer heat directly from server racks to the building's chilled water system. A case study shows the modular units reduced server temperatures by 14-24 degrees F in a lab without using air conditioning. The modular approach improves efficiency by up to 90%, utilizes space better, and provides a payback period of 3.3 years or less compared to traditional cooling systems.
This document discusses the growing importance of measuring the energy efficiency of networking devices. As data and network traffic increases, the energy and cooling costs associated with powering network infrastructure is becoming a significant operational expense for network operators. Standards organizations have begun developing methods to measure and report the energy consumption and efficiency of networking equipment in order to drive the industry toward more eco-friendly solutions. Ixia has introduced a solution called IxGreen that allows for automated, real-world testing of networking devices' energy efficiency ratings.
The document discusses the growing issue of power management in data centers, noting that energy costs are the fastest growing expense and many data centers will soon run out of power capacity. It explains that while IT infrastructure has become more dynamic, facilities have remained static, creating a large gap between power consumption and delivery. The document argues that in order to address this challenge, CIOs must be given power budgets and power must be measured at the equipment level to incentivize changes and connect power usage to business needs.
This document discusses securing the smart grid through an RSA approach. It begins by introducing Sam Curry, the Chief Technology Officer of RSA, The Security Division of EMC. It then discusses some of the challenges utilities are facing in implementing smart grid technologies, including pressure to roll out new infrastructure quickly. The document outlines how the traditional energy grid lacks communication capabilities and visibility compared to a smart grid. It proposes that RSA can provide solutions for encrypting data, managing keys, controlling access to systems, collecting security information, and managing incidents to help secure the smart grid in an end-to-end manner. Finally, it suggests that EMC has capabilities across the smart grid stack from physical security to consulting that can also help utilities address security
The document discusses the views of a cynic on smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids involve completely redesigning the communications networks that control and deliver electric power to form a resilient network like the Internet. However, there are still many open issues regarding standards, integrating renewable energy, consumer costs and willingness to accept time-of-use pricing, and challenges in home energy management. Overall, while the goals of smart grids are important, the cynic believes there are still major technical, economic and regulatory hurdles to widespread implementation.
Mobile data usage is growing exponentially as smartphones become more popular. However, most mobile data is used indoors where signal from macro cellular towers is poor. While 4G technologies can provide some improvements, the macro cellular architecture alone cannot meet long term demands. Femtocells provide a solution by creating small, low-power cellular base stations that can be installed in homes to provide dedicated indoor coverage and capacity. This improves the user experience through better signal strength and dedicated bandwidth. Femtocells also enable new applications through awareness of both mobile and home networks. However, challenges remain around interference avoidance when femtocells overlap with macro networks.
The document discusses requirements for efficient mobile backhaul with carrier Ethernet to support LTE networks. It covers:
- LTE network architecture and how it impacts transport network requirements, including the need for multi-service capability, low cost per bit transport, and support for a transition to packet-based networks.
- Key transport network requirements created by LTE like powerful OAM, fast protection switching, strong QoS support, multicast/broadcast support, and interoperability with the packet core.
- How MPLS-TP can fulfill these requirements through features like VPN support, coordinated tunnel setup, comprehensive OAM tools, sub-50ms protection switching, and support for QoS, performance monitoring
16. Source STS-X Source AMBs repeated for
Adaptive
node AC circuit node every node to form
Adaptive-Mesh;
bandwidth L1:
each node both
. . . source and
destination
Maximized
bandwidth utilization
Adaptive Concatenation Mux Bus (AMB): AND
• Capacity M STS-1 TSs, to match destination node RX capacity Dest.
• M STS-1 TSs dynamically allocated among the source-specific node Premium QoS
Adaptive Concatenated (AC) STS-X circuits based on actual
L1 circuit
transport:
Direct STS-X L1 circuits • Minimized jitter
from each source to and delay
destination through any • Packet loss free
Source . . . Source Source number of
intermediate nodes
transmission
node node node
• Allocation of timeslots among the AMB sources optimized for every new STS row based on byte inflows from
the sources to the destination of the AMB:
– 72000 optimization cycles/second; capacity allocation unit ~ the size of min. length L2 packet
Continuously optimized L1 bandwidth allocation on individual packet / STS-1 row timeslot basis
• AMBs continuously maximize network traffic throughput, within the constraints of their destination (customer)
node RX capacities (e.g. STS-192 AMB for 10Gbps destination RX port):
AMBs consume minimum network capacity sufficient to maximize utilization of network egress interfaces
Maximized difference between revenue (throughput) and cost (capacity); maximized network profitability.