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10. auxiliary verb
This document defines and describes different types of auxiliary verbs: tense auxiliaries like be, have, will, and shall which are used to change verb tenses; do auxiliaries like do, did, and does which are used with additional verbs; and modal auxiliaries like can, could, will, would, must, shall, should, may, and might which show ability, permission, willingness, obligation, necessity, and probability. Each modal auxiliary is explained in terms of its specific uses and meanings. Other auxiliaries like dare, need, and used to are also briefly defined.
10. auxiliary verb
- 1. AUXILIARY VERBS By: Puspitasari,S.Pd., MM
- 2. Definition of Auxiliaries Auxiliaryverb is the verb comes before the main verb in a sentence to change the meaning of the main verb. Unlike the main verb, auxiliary verb has no meaning. There are three (3) types of auxiliaries: 1. Tense Auxiliaries 2. Do Auxiliaries 3. Modal Auxiliaries
- 3. 1. Tense Auxiliaries Be Have Will Shall Bewith present participle –ing in the form of progressive tense, and with – ed in past participle passive tense. Have is used for perfect tense. Shall & Will is used for future tense.
- 4. 2. Do Auxiliaries Do Did Does isused with simple forms of verbs (infinitve without ‘to’) is used with additional verbs which allow them to be used in following grammatical patterns. is used in simple present tense for the verbal negative sentence and interrogative.
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- 6. 3. Modal Auxiliaries Can Could ShowingAbility She can use my ruler for her math test. Showing Permission Can I borrow your car for one night? Showing Permission Could I use your computer to print and scan?
- 7. 3. Modal Auxiliaries Shall Should ShowingA Moral Obligation We shall overcome it someday. Asking and Giving Opinion or Advice Shall I give you some advice? Asking and Giving Opinion or Advice You should see the doctor. We should meet more often.
- 8. 3. Modal Auxiliaries Will Would ShowingWillingness I will give you a glass of water. Asking Willingness Will you marry me? Showing Probability He would be free tonight. Asking Willingness Would you like to see my craft?
- 9. 3. Modal Auxiliaries Must Mustis combined with not to state prohibiton. You mustn’t give up. Must is used to express obligation or necessity. You must go to bed now.
- 10. 3. Modal Auxiliaries May Might ShowingProbability He may work out and consume healthy food every day. Showing Permission. May is more formal than Can. May I go with her to the movie? Asking Permission Might I know your name? Showing Probability You might forget the embarassing incident tomorrow.
- 11. Other Auxiliaries • Dareusually used in negative and interrogative sentence. • Dare you smoke in class? • She dare not go alone at night. Dare • Need is generally used in negative and interrogative sentence. • Need she go? • I needn’t do it again. Need • ‘Used to’ is used to express a habit in the past but no longer now. • When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. (positive) • I didn’t use to get tired when I played tennis. (negative) Used to