This document defines and describes different types of auxiliary verbs: tense auxiliaries like be, have, will, and shall which are used to change verb tenses; do auxiliaries like do, did, and does which are used with additional verbs; and modal auxiliaries like can, could, will, would, must, shall, should, may, and might which show ability, permission, willingness, obligation, necessity, and probability. Each modal auxiliary is explained in terms of its specific uses and meanings. Other auxiliaries like dare, need, and used to are also briefly defined.

1. AUXILIARY VERBS
By: Puspitasari, S.Pd., MM

2. Definition of Auxiliaries
Auxiliary verb is the verb comes before the
main verb in a sentence to change the
meaning of the main verb. Unlike the main
verb, auxiliary verb has no meaning.
There are three (3) types of auxiliaries:
1. Tense Auxiliaries
2. Do Auxiliaries
3. Modal Auxiliaries

3. 1. Tense Auxiliaries
Be
Have
Will
Shall
Be with present participle –ing in the
form of progressive tense, and with –
ed in past participle passive tense.
Have is used for perfect
tense.
Shall & Will is used for future
tense.

4. 2. Do Auxiliaries
Do
Did
Does
is used with simple forms of verbs
(infinitve without ‘to’)
is used with additional verbs
which allow them to be used in
following grammatical patterns.
is used in simple present tense for
the verbal negative sentence and
interrogative.

5. 3. Modal Auxiliaries
Modals
Can
Could
Will
Would
Must
Shall
Should
May
Might

6. 3. Modal Auxiliaries
Can
Could
Showing Ability
She can use my ruler for her math
test.
Showing Permission
Can I borrow your car for one night?
Showing Permission
Could I use your computer to print
and scan?

7. 3. Modal Auxiliaries
Shall
Should
Showing A Moral Obligation
We shall overcome it someday.
Asking and Giving Opinion or
Advice
Shall I give you some advice?
Asking and Giving Opinion or
Advice
You should see the doctor.
We should meet more often.

8. 3. Modal Auxiliaries
Will
Would
Showing Willingness
I will give you a glass of water.
Asking Willingness
Will you marry me?
Showing Probability
He would be free tonight.
Asking Willingness
Would you like to see my craft?

9. 3. Modal Auxiliaries
Must
Must is combined with not to state
prohibiton.
You mustn’t give up.
Must is used to express obligation
or necessity.
You must go to bed now.

10. 3. Modal Auxiliaries
May
Might
Showing Probability
He may work out and consume
healthy food every day.
Showing Permission. May is more
formal than Can.
May I go with her to the movie?
Asking Permission
Might I know your name?
Showing Probability
You might forget the embarassing
incident tomorrow.

11. Other Auxiliaries
• Dare usually used in negative and
interrogative sentence.
• Dare you smoke in class?
• She dare not go alone at night.
Dare
• Need is generally used in negative
and interrogative sentence.
• Need she go?
• I needn’t do it again.
Need
• ‘Used to’ is used to express a habit
in the past but no longer now.
• When I was young, I used to play
tennis very often. (positive)
• I didn’t use to get tired when I played
tennis. (negative)
Used to