1. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain cancer is significantly more than 0.25.
With
H
1 : p >> 0.25 you obtain a test statistic of z=1.397z=1.397.
Use a normal distribution calculator and the test statistic to find the P-value accurate to 4 decimal places. It may be left-tailed, right-tailed, or 2-tailed.
P-value =
2. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of catching the flu this year is significantly more than 0.27.
With
H
1 : p >> 0.27 you obtain a test statistic of z=1.722z=1.722.
Use a normal distribution calculator and the test statistic to find the P-value accurate to 4 decimal places. It may be left-tailed, right-tailed, or 2-tailed.
P-value =
3. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain cancer is significantly more than 0.81. You use a significance level of α=0.001α=0.001.
H0:p=0.81H0:p=0.81
H1:p>0.81H1:p>0.81
You obtain a sample of size n=218n=218 in which there are 184 successes.
What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer accurate to three decimal places.)
test statistic =
What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to four decimal places.)
p-value =
The p-value is...
a) less than (or equal to) αα
b) greater than αα
This test statistic leads to a decision to...
a) reject the null
b) accept the null
c) fail to reject the null
As such, the final conclusion is that...
a) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain cancer is more than 0.81.
b)There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain cancer is more than 0.81.
c)The sample data support the claim that the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain cancer is more than 0.81.
d)There is not sufficient sample evidence to support the claim that the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain cancer is more than 0.81.
4. You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is significantly different from 0.23. You use a significance level of α=0.02α=0.02.
H0:p=0.23H0:p=0.23
H1:p≠0.23H1:p≠0.23
You obtain a sample of size n=167n=167 in which there are 32 successes.
What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer accurate to three decimal places.)
test statistic =
What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to four decimal places.)
p-value =
The p-value is...
A) less than (or equal to) αα
B) greater than αα
This test statistic leads to a decision to...
A)reject the null
B)accept the null
C)fail to reject the null
As such, the final conclusion is that...
A) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their prostate .
In hypothesis testing, we have two hypotheses a null hypothesis a.docxbradburgess22840
In hypothesis testing, we have two hypotheses: a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is typically what we want to demonstrate (based on the research question). We collect data to see if a certain population value differs from a given value (≠), is less than a given value (<), or is greater than a given value (>). The null hypothesis is typically a baseline or a known standard against which we are testing. For example: If we want to test to see if a majority of voters voted for a certain candidate, then our alternative hypothesis would be that the population proportion who voted for the candidate is greater than 0.50 (i.e. p > 0.50). This is what we want to demonstrate and is the reason for collecting data. The null hypothesis would be that the population proportion who voted for the candidate is 0.50 (i.e. p = 0.50) which would not be a majority. This is the baseline against which we are testing. Note that the alternative hypothesis covers a range of values, but the null hypothesis is just the one value (i.e. equality).
1. A polling group surveyed a city in Scotland regarding residents’ opinions on independence from the UK. It is generally believed that the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 50%. The poll wants to find out whether greater than half (> 50%) of the residents will vote ‘Yes.’ The survey polled 2000 residents, of which 1050 responded that they will vote ‘Yes’ on Scotland independence (52.5%). What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
A) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 52.5%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 52.5%
B) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 52.5%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 52.5%
C) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 50%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 50%
D) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 50%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes' votes is 50%
2. For patients with a particular disease, the population proportion of those successfully treated with a standard treatment that has been used for many years is 0.75. A medical research group invents a new treatment that they believe will be more successful, i.e. the population proportion will exceed 0.75. A doctor plans a clinical trial he hopes will prove this claim. A sample of 100 patients with the disease is obtained. Each person is treated with the new treatment and eventually classified as having either been successfully or not successfully treated with the new treatment. Out of 100 patients, 80 (80%) were successfully treated by the new treatment. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
A) Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment exceeds 0.75 (p > 0.75); Alternative: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment is 0.75 (p = 0.75)
B) Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment is 0.75 (p = 0.75); Al.
The quiz has two portions Multiple Choice (8 problems, 32 p.docxhelen23456789
The quiz has two portions:
Multiple Choice
(8 problems, 32 points).
Show work/explanation as appropriate
.
Short Answer
(3 problems, 38 points)
Show work
.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
(
4 points
) If the P-value of a hypothesis test comparing two means was 0.25, what can you conclude? (Select all that apply):
A. You can accept the null hypothesis
B. There was a significant difference between the means
C. You failed to reject the null hypothesis
D. There did not appear to be significant difference between the means
(
4 points
) Imagine a researcher wanted to test the effect of the new drug on reducing blood pressure. In this study, there were 50 participants. The researcher measured the participants’ blood pressure before and after the drug intake. If we want to compare the mean blood pressure from the two time periods with a two-tailed t test, how many degrees of freedom are there?
A. 49
B. 50
C. 99
D. 100
(
4 points
) When sample size increases, ____
A. Power increases a great degree at first, reaches its peak, and then slowly decreases
B. Power decreases a great degree at first, reaches its lowest point, and then slowly increases
C. Power increases a great degree at first, and then increases slowly
D. Power decreases a great degree at first, and then decreases slowly
(
4 points
) α=0.05 for a two-tailed test. Assume that the data has a normal distribution and the number of observations is greater than fifty. Find the critical z value used to test a null hypothesis.
A. ±1.768
B. ±1.764
C. ±1.96
D. ±2.575
(
4 points
) In a sample of 47 adults selected randomly from one town, it is found that 9 of them have been exposed to a particular strain of the flu. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion of all adults in the town that have been exposed to this strain of the flu is 8%.
A. 0.0024
B. 0.0524
C. 0.0228
D. 0.0048
(
4 points
) For a simple random sample, the size is n=17, σ is not known, and the original population is normally distributed. Determine whether the give conditions justify testing a claim about a population mean µ.
A. Yes
B. No
(
4 points
) A medical researcher claims that 20% of children suffer from a certain disorder. Indentify the type I error for the test.
A. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when the percentage is actually 20%.
B. Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually 20%.
C. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually different from 20%.
D.Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is different from 20% when that percentage really is different f.
A chi-squared test (χ2) is basically a data analysis on the basis of observations of a random set of variables. Usually, it is a comparison of two statistical data sets. This test was introduced by Karl Pearson in 1900 for categorical data analysis and distribution. So, it was mentioned as Pearson’s chi-squared test.
In hypothesis testing, we have two hypotheses a null hypothesis a.docxbradburgess22840
In hypothesis testing, we have two hypotheses: a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is typically what we want to demonstrate (based on the research question). We collect data to see if a certain population value differs from a given value (≠), is less than a given value (<), or is greater than a given value (>). The null hypothesis is typically a baseline or a known standard against which we are testing. For example: If we want to test to see if a majority of voters voted for a certain candidate, then our alternative hypothesis would be that the population proportion who voted for the candidate is greater than 0.50 (i.e. p > 0.50). This is what we want to demonstrate and is the reason for collecting data. The null hypothesis would be that the population proportion who voted for the candidate is 0.50 (i.e. p = 0.50) which would not be a majority. This is the baseline against which we are testing. Note that the alternative hypothesis covers a range of values, but the null hypothesis is just the one value (i.e. equality).
1. A polling group surveyed a city in Scotland regarding residents’ opinions on independence from the UK. It is generally believed that the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 50%. The poll wants to find out whether greater than half (> 50%) of the residents will vote ‘Yes.’ The survey polled 2000 residents, of which 1050 responded that they will vote ‘Yes’ on Scotland independence (52.5%). What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
A) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 52.5%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 52.5%
B) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 52.5%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 52.5%
C) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is 50%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 50%
D) Null: the percentage of ‘Yes’ votes is greater than 50%; Alternative: the percentage of ‘Yes' votes is 50%
2. For patients with a particular disease, the population proportion of those successfully treated with a standard treatment that has been used for many years is 0.75. A medical research group invents a new treatment that they believe will be more successful, i.e. the population proportion will exceed 0.75. A doctor plans a clinical trial he hopes will prove this claim. A sample of 100 patients with the disease is obtained. Each person is treated with the new treatment and eventually classified as having either been successfully or not successfully treated with the new treatment. Out of 100 patients, 80 (80%) were successfully treated by the new treatment. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
A) Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment exceeds 0.75 (p > 0.75); Alternative: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment is 0.75 (p = 0.75)
B) Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment is 0.75 (p = 0.75); Al.
The quiz has two portions Multiple Choice (8 problems, 32 p.docxhelen23456789
The quiz has two portions:
Multiple Choice
(8 problems, 32 points).
Show work/explanation as appropriate
.
Short Answer
(3 problems, 38 points)
Show work
.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
(
4 points
) If the P-value of a hypothesis test comparing two means was 0.25, what can you conclude? (Select all that apply):
A. You can accept the null hypothesis
B. There was a significant difference between the means
C. You failed to reject the null hypothesis
D. There did not appear to be significant difference between the means
(
4 points
) Imagine a researcher wanted to test the effect of the new drug on reducing blood pressure. In this study, there were 50 participants. The researcher measured the participants’ blood pressure before and after the drug intake. If we want to compare the mean blood pressure from the two time periods with a two-tailed t test, how many degrees of freedom are there?
A. 49
B. 50
C. 99
D. 100
(
4 points
) When sample size increases, ____
A. Power increases a great degree at first, reaches its peak, and then slowly decreases
B. Power decreases a great degree at first, reaches its lowest point, and then slowly increases
C. Power increases a great degree at first, and then increases slowly
D. Power decreases a great degree at first, and then decreases slowly
(
4 points
) α=0.05 for a two-tailed test. Assume that the data has a normal distribution and the number of observations is greater than fifty. Find the critical z value used to test a null hypothesis.
A. ±1.768
B. ±1.764
C. ±1.96
D. ±2.575
(
4 points
) In a sample of 47 adults selected randomly from one town, it is found that 9 of them have been exposed to a particular strain of the flu. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion of all adults in the town that have been exposed to this strain of the flu is 8%.
A. 0.0024
B. 0.0524
C. 0.0228
D. 0.0048
(
4 points
) For a simple random sample, the size is n=17, σ is not known, and the original population is normally distributed. Determine whether the give conditions justify testing a claim about a population mean µ.
A. Yes
B. No
(
4 points
) A medical researcher claims that 20% of children suffer from a certain disorder. Indentify the type I error for the test.
A. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when the percentage is actually 20%.
B. Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually 20%.
C. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually different from 20%.
D.Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is different from 20% when that percentage really is different f.
A chi-squared test (χ2) is basically a data analysis on the basis of observations of a random set of variables. Usually, it is a comparison of two statistical data sets. This test was introduced by Karl Pearson in 1900 for categorical data analysis and distribution. So, it was mentioned as Pearson’s chi-squared test.
Int 150 The Moral Instinct”1. Most cultures agree that abus.docxmariuse18nolet
Int 150
“The Moral Instinct”
1. Most cultures agree that abusing innocent people is wrong. True or false
2. Young children have a sense of morality. True or false (example)?
3. Emotional reasoning trumps rationalizing. True or false (explain)
4. According to the article, psychopathy or moral misbehavior (like rape) is more environmental than genetic. True or false (example)
5. Explain the point about the British schoolteacher in Sudan.
6. Name three things anthropologists believe all people share, in addition to thinking it’s bad to harm others and good to help them.
a.
b.
c.
7. What is reciprocal altruism?
8. How does the psychologist Tetlock explain the outrage of American college students at the thought that adoption agencies should place children with couples willing to pay the most?
9. Discuss: A love for children and sense of justice is just an expression of our innate sense of preserving our genes for future generations (Darwin)
10. What does the author warn about the arguments regarding climate change?
Hypothesis Testing
(Statistical Significance)
1
Hypothesis Testing
Goal: Make statement(s) regarding unknown population parameter values based on sample data
Elements of a hypothesis test:
Null hypothesis - Statement regarding the value(s) of unknown parameter(s). Typically will imply no association between explanatory and response variables in our applications (will always contain an equality)
Alternative hypothesis - Statement contradictory to the null hypothesis (will always contain an inequality)
The level of significant (Alpha) is the maximum probability of committing a type I error. P(type I error)= alpha
Definitions
Rejection (alpha, α) Region:
Represents area under the curve that is used to reject the null hypothesis
Level of Confidence, 1 - alpha (a):
Also known as fail to reject (FTR) region
Represents area under the curve that is used to fail to reject the null hypothesis
FTR
H0
α/2
α/2
3
1 vs. 2 Sided Tests
Two-sided test
No a priori reason 1 group should have stronger effect
Used for most tests
Example
H0: μ1 = μ2
HA: μ1 ≠ μ2
One-sided test
Specific interest in only one direction
Not scientifically relevant/interesting if reverse situation true
Example
H0: μ1 ≤ μ2
HA: μ1 > μ2
4
Example: It is believed that the mean age of smokers in San Bernardino is 47. Researchers from LLU believe that the average age is different than 47.
Hypothesis
H0:μ = 47
HA: μ ≠ 47
μ = 47
α /2 = 0.025
Fail to Reject (FTR)
α /2 = 0.025
5
Three Approaches to Reject or Fail to Reject A Null Hypothesis:
1a. Confidence interval
Calculate the confidence interval
Decision Rule:
a. If the confidence interval (CI) includes the null, then the decision must be to fail to reject the H0.
b. If the confidence interval (CI) does not include the null, then the decision must be to reject the H0.
6
1b. Confidence interval to compare groups
Calculate the confidence interval for each gro.
A hypothesis is the translation of the information that we are keen on. Utilizing Hypothesis Testing, we attempt to decipher or reach inferences about the populace utilizing test information. A Hypothesis assesses two totally unrelated articulations about a populace to figure out which explanation is best upheld by the example information.
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
8.2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion
This document contain all topics of research methodology of module-3 according to the syllabus of BPUT odisha. The document is done for the PG and PHD students who are doing research.
Week 3 – Multiple Choice4) A random sample of 100 observations f.docxmelbruce90096
Week 3 – Multiple Choice
4) A random sample of 100 observations from a population with standard deviation 60 yielded a sample mean of 111. Complete parts a through c.
a) Test the null hypothesis that μ=100 against the alternative hypothesis that μ>100, using α=0.05. Interpret the results of the test.
⃝ Hₒ is not rejected
⃝ Hₒ is rejected
Interpret the results of the test. Choose the correct interpretation below:
⃝ There is sufficient evidence to indicate the true population mean is not equal to 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is sufficient evidence to indicate the true population mean is greater than 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is sufficient evidence to indicate the true population mean is smaller than 100 at α=0.05
b) Test the null hypothesis that μ=100 against the alternative hypothesis that μ≠100, using α=0.05. Interpret the results of the test.
⃝ Hₒ is not rejected
⃝ Hₒ is rejected
Interpret the results of the test. Choose the correct interpretation below:
⃝ There is insufficient evidence to indicate μ is smaller than 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is insufficient evidence to indicate μ is not equal to 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is insufficient evidence to indicate μ is greater than 100 at α=0.05
c) Compare the results of the two test you conducted. Explain why the results differ. Choose the correct answer below.
⃝ The results differ because the alternative hypothesis in part a is more specific than the one in b
⃝ The results do not differ because these two tests are equivalent
⃝ The results differ because the alternative hypothesis in part b is more specific than the one in a
5) The final scores of games of a certain sport were compared against the final point spreads established by oddmakers. The difference between the game outcome and point spread (called point-spread error) was calculated for 260 games. The mean and standard deviation of the point-spread errors are x=1.2 and s=11.4. Use this information to test the hypothesis that the true mean point-spread error for all games differs from 0. Conduct the test α=0.05 and interpret the result.
What is the appropriate conclusion at α=0.05?
⃝ A. Reject Hₒ. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
⃝ B. Do not reject Hₒ. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
⃝ C. Do not reject Hₒ. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
⃝ D. Reject Hₒ. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
6) If a hypothesis test were conducted using α=0.01, for which of the following p-values would the null hypothesis be rejected?
a. 0.009 b. 0.02
a) What is the conclusion for a p-value of 0.009?
⃝ A. Reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is not less than the value α
⃝ B. Do not reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is less than the value α
⃝ C. Do not reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is not less than the value α
⃝ D. Reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is less than the value α
b) What is the conclusion for a p-value of 0.02?
⃝ A. Do not reject the n.
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 11: Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables
11.1: Goodness of Fit Notation
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA FOR HYPOTHESIS CONSTRUCTION
STEPS IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING
SOURCES OF HYPOTHESIS
APPROACHES TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING
THE LOGIC OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING
TYPES OF ERRORS IN HYPOTHESIS
1. Explain James Q. Wilsons three types of policing. 2. What.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Explain James Q. Wilson's three types of policing.
2. What are the four citizen expectations, as proposed by John C. Meyer?
3. Discuss four reasons the public calls the police in situations not involving a crime.
NOTE: Each answer should be at least 75 words in length, total needed 150 for both.
.
1. What is the underlying problem in this case from CEO Brian Niccol.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What is the underlying problem in this case from CEO Brian Niccol’s perspective? (2marks)
2. What type of change Niccol need to inspire- reactive or proactive? Explain
3. Using Fig 10.1 on page 380, describe what forces for change exist both inside and outside Chipotle.)4. Utilize Lewin’s change model (Fig 10.2 on page 384) as a blueprint and describe how Niccol can inspire change at Chipotle?
.
1. List and discuss the heat sources identified by the NFPA as being.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. List and discuss the heat sources identified by the NFPA as being the primary causes of ignition for residential fires.
2. Define stratification, and explain how this phenomenon is predicted. How can stratification be defeated? How are fires detected where stratification is predicted to occur?
#1
This week I have chosen to discuss common heat sources identified by the NFPA in being common causes of ignition in home fires. The NFPA published the
Home Structure Fires
report in October of 2019 that outlines these fires and supports the conclusions with data from 2018. The following heat sources were listed as common denominators in home structure fires:
Cooking
Heating
Electrical distribution and lighting
Intentional
Smoking materials
Home fires are responsible for seventy-nine percent of fire fatalities and seventy-three percent of fire injuries (Ahrens, 2019). These ignition sources have proven to be the most prevalent forms of starting these types of fires. In addition, it was reported that most fire fatalities were males over the age of 55 (Ahrens, 2019). These fires are generally occurring in the colder months between November and March during the hours of 5 PM to 8 PM when, “… many people are coming home from work, are preparing dinner, or are engaging in other household activities” (Ahrens, 2019).
These ignition sources are common in many households. Cooking fires can vary greatly from stove tops, ovens, grease, toasters, empty coffee pots on heaters, tea pots, etc. Smoking materials, however, are isolated to pipes, cigarettes, and their associated equipment (lighters, matches, etc.). Heating sources, just like cooking fires, have several different ignition source types to include furnaces, stoves (pellet, gas, oil, etc.), chimney ignition, etc. Electrical distribution and lighting malfunctions or surges caused roughly 7 percent of home structure fires and accounted for ten percent of residential deaths (Ahrens, 2019). Lastly, intentionally set residential fires accounted huge amounts of property loss and resulted in 380 fatalities, sixty four percent were linked to suicide (Ahrens, 2019).
It is critical that during home fire safety visits and non-emergent medical calls that fire departments take the time to address these matters with their citizens. Most fire deaths occurred while victims were asleep, are physically disabled (mostly geriatric), or impaired by alcohol or drugs (Ahrens, 2019). These fires are preventable and should be addressed in the public setting when appropriate.
#2
This week is closer to what I deal with on the front lines. My departments district is 95 % residential. By the NF PA the leading reasons for home fires are Cooking, Heating, electrical distribution and lighting, Intentional and Smoking Materials.
Cooking - We see thing a lot in my area. people are cooking and forget about it. when they have the Oh Crap moment is when the smoke is rolling in to a second room. We once had someone .
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Int 150 The Moral Instinct”1. Most cultures agree that abus.docxmariuse18nolet
Int 150
“The Moral Instinct”
1. Most cultures agree that abusing innocent people is wrong. True or false
2. Young children have a sense of morality. True or false (example)?
3. Emotional reasoning trumps rationalizing. True or false (explain)
4. According to the article, psychopathy or moral misbehavior (like rape) is more environmental than genetic. True or false (example)
5. Explain the point about the British schoolteacher in Sudan.
6. Name three things anthropologists believe all people share, in addition to thinking it’s bad to harm others and good to help them.
a.
b.
c.
7. What is reciprocal altruism?
8. How does the psychologist Tetlock explain the outrage of American college students at the thought that adoption agencies should place children with couples willing to pay the most?
9. Discuss: A love for children and sense of justice is just an expression of our innate sense of preserving our genes for future generations (Darwin)
10. What does the author warn about the arguments regarding climate change?
Hypothesis Testing
(Statistical Significance)
1
Hypothesis Testing
Goal: Make statement(s) regarding unknown population parameter values based on sample data
Elements of a hypothesis test:
Null hypothesis - Statement regarding the value(s) of unknown parameter(s). Typically will imply no association between explanatory and response variables in our applications (will always contain an equality)
Alternative hypothesis - Statement contradictory to the null hypothesis (will always contain an inequality)
The level of significant (Alpha) is the maximum probability of committing a type I error. P(type I error)= alpha
Definitions
Rejection (alpha, α) Region:
Represents area under the curve that is used to reject the null hypothesis
Level of Confidence, 1 - alpha (a):
Also known as fail to reject (FTR) region
Represents area under the curve that is used to fail to reject the null hypothesis
FTR
H0
α/2
α/2
3
1 vs. 2 Sided Tests
Two-sided test
No a priori reason 1 group should have stronger effect
Used for most tests
Example
H0: μ1 = μ2
HA: μ1 ≠ μ2
One-sided test
Specific interest in only one direction
Not scientifically relevant/interesting if reverse situation true
Example
H0: μ1 ≤ μ2
HA: μ1 > μ2
4
Example: It is believed that the mean age of smokers in San Bernardino is 47. Researchers from LLU believe that the average age is different than 47.
Hypothesis
H0:μ = 47
HA: μ ≠ 47
μ = 47
α /2 = 0.025
Fail to Reject (FTR)
α /2 = 0.025
5
Three Approaches to Reject or Fail to Reject A Null Hypothesis:
1a. Confidence interval
Calculate the confidence interval
Decision Rule:
a. If the confidence interval (CI) includes the null, then the decision must be to fail to reject the H0.
b. If the confidence interval (CI) does not include the null, then the decision must be to reject the H0.
6
1b. Confidence interval to compare groups
Calculate the confidence interval for each gro.
A hypothesis is the translation of the information that we are keen on. Utilizing Hypothesis Testing, we attempt to decipher or reach inferences about the populace utilizing test information. A Hypothesis assesses two totally unrelated articulations about a populace to figure out which explanation is best upheld by the example information.
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
8.2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion
This document contain all topics of research methodology of module-3 according to the syllabus of BPUT odisha. The document is done for the PG and PHD students who are doing research.
Week 3 – Multiple Choice4) A random sample of 100 observations f.docxmelbruce90096
Week 3 – Multiple Choice
4) A random sample of 100 observations from a population with standard deviation 60 yielded a sample mean of 111. Complete parts a through c.
a) Test the null hypothesis that μ=100 against the alternative hypothesis that μ>100, using α=0.05. Interpret the results of the test.
⃝ Hₒ is not rejected
⃝ Hₒ is rejected
Interpret the results of the test. Choose the correct interpretation below:
⃝ There is sufficient evidence to indicate the true population mean is not equal to 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is sufficient evidence to indicate the true population mean is greater than 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is sufficient evidence to indicate the true population mean is smaller than 100 at α=0.05
b) Test the null hypothesis that μ=100 against the alternative hypothesis that μ≠100, using α=0.05. Interpret the results of the test.
⃝ Hₒ is not rejected
⃝ Hₒ is rejected
Interpret the results of the test. Choose the correct interpretation below:
⃝ There is insufficient evidence to indicate μ is smaller than 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is insufficient evidence to indicate μ is not equal to 100 at α=0.05
⃝ There is insufficient evidence to indicate μ is greater than 100 at α=0.05
c) Compare the results of the two test you conducted. Explain why the results differ. Choose the correct answer below.
⃝ The results differ because the alternative hypothesis in part a is more specific than the one in b
⃝ The results do not differ because these two tests are equivalent
⃝ The results differ because the alternative hypothesis in part b is more specific than the one in a
5) The final scores of games of a certain sport were compared against the final point spreads established by oddmakers. The difference between the game outcome and point spread (called point-spread error) was calculated for 260 games. The mean and standard deviation of the point-spread errors are x=1.2 and s=11.4. Use this information to test the hypothesis that the true mean point-spread error for all games differs from 0. Conduct the test α=0.05 and interpret the result.
What is the appropriate conclusion at α=0.05?
⃝ A. Reject Hₒ. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
⃝ B. Do not reject Hₒ. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
⃝ C. Do not reject Hₒ. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
⃝ D. Reject Hₒ. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that μ≠0
6) If a hypothesis test were conducted using α=0.01, for which of the following p-values would the null hypothesis be rejected?
a. 0.009 b. 0.02
a) What is the conclusion for a p-value of 0.009?
⃝ A. Reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is not less than the value α
⃝ B. Do not reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is less than the value α
⃝ C. Do not reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is not less than the value α
⃝ D. Reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is less than the value α
b) What is the conclusion for a p-value of 0.02?
⃝ A. Do not reject the n.
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Chapter 11: Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables
11.1: Goodness of Fit Notation
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA FOR HYPOTHESIS CONSTRUCTION
STEPS IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING
SOURCES OF HYPOTHESIS
APPROACHES TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING
THE LOGIC OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING
TYPES OF ERRORS IN HYPOTHESIS
1. Explain James Q. Wilsons three types of policing. 2. What.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Explain James Q. Wilson's three types of policing.
2. What are the four citizen expectations, as proposed by John C. Meyer?
3. Discuss four reasons the public calls the police in situations not involving a crime.
NOTE: Each answer should be at least 75 words in length, total needed 150 for both.
.
1. What is the underlying problem in this case from CEO Brian Niccol.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What is the underlying problem in this case from CEO Brian Niccol’s perspective? (2marks)
2. What type of change Niccol need to inspire- reactive or proactive? Explain
3. Using Fig 10.1 on page 380, describe what forces for change exist both inside and outside Chipotle.)4. Utilize Lewin’s change model (Fig 10.2 on page 384) as a blueprint and describe how Niccol can inspire change at Chipotle?
.
1. List and discuss the heat sources identified by the NFPA as being.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. List and discuss the heat sources identified by the NFPA as being the primary causes of ignition for residential fires.
2. Define stratification, and explain how this phenomenon is predicted. How can stratification be defeated? How are fires detected where stratification is predicted to occur?
#1
This week I have chosen to discuss common heat sources identified by the NFPA in being common causes of ignition in home fires. The NFPA published the
Home Structure Fires
report in October of 2019 that outlines these fires and supports the conclusions with data from 2018. The following heat sources were listed as common denominators in home structure fires:
Cooking
Heating
Electrical distribution and lighting
Intentional
Smoking materials
Home fires are responsible for seventy-nine percent of fire fatalities and seventy-three percent of fire injuries (Ahrens, 2019). These ignition sources have proven to be the most prevalent forms of starting these types of fires. In addition, it was reported that most fire fatalities were males over the age of 55 (Ahrens, 2019). These fires are generally occurring in the colder months between November and March during the hours of 5 PM to 8 PM when, “… many people are coming home from work, are preparing dinner, or are engaging in other household activities” (Ahrens, 2019).
These ignition sources are common in many households. Cooking fires can vary greatly from stove tops, ovens, grease, toasters, empty coffee pots on heaters, tea pots, etc. Smoking materials, however, are isolated to pipes, cigarettes, and their associated equipment (lighters, matches, etc.). Heating sources, just like cooking fires, have several different ignition source types to include furnaces, stoves (pellet, gas, oil, etc.), chimney ignition, etc. Electrical distribution and lighting malfunctions or surges caused roughly 7 percent of home structure fires and accounted for ten percent of residential deaths (Ahrens, 2019). Lastly, intentionally set residential fires accounted huge amounts of property loss and resulted in 380 fatalities, sixty four percent were linked to suicide (Ahrens, 2019).
It is critical that during home fire safety visits and non-emergent medical calls that fire departments take the time to address these matters with their citizens. Most fire deaths occurred while victims were asleep, are physically disabled (mostly geriatric), or impaired by alcohol or drugs (Ahrens, 2019). These fires are preventable and should be addressed in the public setting when appropriate.
#2
This week is closer to what I deal with on the front lines. My departments district is 95 % residential. By the NF PA the leading reasons for home fires are Cooking, Heating, electrical distribution and lighting, Intentional and Smoking Materials.
Cooking - We see thing a lot in my area. people are cooking and forget about it. when they have the Oh Crap moment is when the smoke is rolling in to a second room. We once had someone .
1. What is kinesics2. What is the difference between using time.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What is kinesics?
2. What is the difference between using time monochronically and polychronically?
3. How does culture influence how nonverbal communication is interpreted?
4. List four (4) ways to improve cross-cultural nonverbal communication.
YouTube URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGVSIkEi3mM
Based on the video which of the four categories of space does Elaine's boyfriend violate? As a viewer we find this "close talker" situation funny, however what would happen if this incident occurred in real life? What factors make nonverbal communication difficult to interpret?
.
1. List two (2) gender related listening differences that have been .docxcarlstromcurtis
1. List two (2) gender related listening differences that have been documented by researchers.
2. List three (3) barriers that reduce our ability to listen.
3. What are soundscapes in terms of listening?
4. What are two (2) ways of improving our listening skills?
5. The television interviewer and personality, Larry King, once said about listening: "I remind myself every morning: Nothing I say this day will teach me anything. So, if I'm going to learn, I must do it by listening." Briefly discuss your opinion on his statement.
.
1. In some places, technology has reached the point where a tria.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. In some places, technology has reached the point where a trial could be conducted by a teleconference. The defendant could be left at the local jail and could watch the entire trial on a monitor. The state would not be forced to transport him back and forth every day and would save considerable money in transport and security costs. Is this a good idea? Is this idea Constitutional? Why or why not?
2. In civil trials, the witnesses are usually deposed before trial. Attorneys for both sides are present at the deposition and ask all the questions that they wish. Wouldn’t this be a good idea for criminal trials as well? Witnesses could simply testify through their written depositions or even by videotaped depositions and not be forced to appear at trial. Are there any problems with this scenario?
3. Defendants with the financial resources can hire private investigators and others to help investigate the jury and witnesses. Poorer defendants do not have that option. Does this contribute to lopsided justice where the rich get better justice than the poor?
.
1. Describe Digital Literacy (how to know what is real on the web). .docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Describe Digital Literacy (how to know what is real on the web).
2.
None of these people exist
. What does this mean to you?
3. Why is Wikipedia more reliable than a paper encyclopedia?
4. How useful are crowd sources answers?
5. What are some drawbacks to crowd sourced answers?
6. Do people generally utilize the diversity of sources on the Internet effectively?
7. How reliant are we and how reliant should we be on getting our news from social media?
8. How do humans remain vigilant when we turn over authority to computers? Have you tried to navigate without gps?
9. If models are simplifications or reality, why do we rely on them?
10. Why was this
mode
l, used by Amazon for hiring, wrong?
11. Why did Skynet declare war on the human race?
.
1. Define the following terms poster session, conference proce.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Define the following terms: poster session, conference proceedings, manuscript, paper, and journal article.
2. State what can be gained by presenting at a conference or by participating in a poster session.
3. List some qualities of good presentations at conferences
4. When would a researcher use IMRAD? What does IMRAD stand for?
5. Who reviews the rigor of the submissions to research journals?
6. Explain the parts of a manuscript.
7. What is publication bias?
8. Differentiate explicit and implicit rules for journals.
.
1. What is disparate-impact discrimination under Title VII an.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What is "disparate-impact" discrimination under Title VII and how does it differ from "disparate-treatment" discrimination?
2. Do you believe that an employer that refuses to hire felons - regardless of the nature of the felony, the nature of the job, or the length of time that has passed since the conviction - should be subject to liability for disparate-impact discrimination? What defenses might an employer use to defend itself against a lawsuit challenging the legality of its policy against hiring felons?
.
1. What are your 5 favorite apps and why. Be specific and det.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What are your 5 favorite apps and why. Be specific and detailed...how often do you use them and what do they do?
As and example, for me I would have to have:
A. Google Maps (I use it to find places, connect to their locations and phone numbers and web sites...it also links to Yelp which I also use).
B. Facebook....including marketplace and several Facebook groups for social, information and communication.
C. Amazon Prime
D. Apple Music
E. Life 360 - helps keep up with my wife and kids
Also useful are: The Score, The Weather Channel, Ebay, Chick-Fil-A, Dictionary, Holy Bible, YouTube, my banking apps (probably most used of all), Compass and Picture This (take a picture of the leaf of a plant and it identifies it).
2. What was your average daily time on your phone this week and last week.
3. What is your primary source of communication on a daily basis: phone call, text, email, social media (which one)?
Count how many of each over 1 week: phone calls, texts, emails, social media...not exactly but close.
(Just for reference, I don't delete my emails but I have 94,522 emails on my phone...including ads and junk).
4. How often do you check your email? How often do you check your MyLeo email?
5. At the bottom of page 427 there are survey results for what people would give up rather than give up than going without their smartphones. Which ones would you be willing to give up rather than give up your smartphone?
.
1. What does it mean to pierce the corporate veil Use your .docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What does it mean to "pierce the corporate veil"? Use your own words to describe it.
2. Describe two potentially negative consequences - to society at large - from the rule allowing a court to pierce the corporate veil under certain circumstances.
3. Describe two potentially positive consequences - to society at large - from the rule allowing a court to pierce the corporate veil under certain circumstances.
.
1. What are your personal experiences of the educational system D.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. What are your personal experiences of the educational system? Do you see education as the great equalizer or as a system that perpetuates the status quo? Give an example from one of the articles to support your perspective.
"Savage Inequalities: Children in U.S. Schools" by Jonathan Kozol (Links to an external site.)
2. Use the Sociological Imagination in your analysis. Define the Sociological Imagination + apply it to your experience. Remember, the Sociological Imagination requires that you look at how the history of the society is linked to your personal biography.
.
1. The reading discusses the efforts to revitalize city areas t.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. The reading discusses the efforts to revitalize city areas that have historically been less affluent, the process of gentrification. What are the potential effects of gentrification on the economy and current residents of the neighborhood? NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) protests occur when concerned citizens band together to speak up against something that will impact them negatively. Who is more likely to be involved in NIMBY protests and where do they occur? Give an example of a NIMBY protest and whether you support it or not. In your post, also share a recent news piece (within the last 3 months) related to a NIMBY protest or gentrification. Provide a link to the story (a citation is not required).
2. Consider what you have learned about collective behavior, social movements, and social change this week. How is the global expansion of social media likely to affect how people pursue social change? How has it done so already? Use specific examples from the media (including a link to information about a recent social movement) as you analyze social movements, social change, technology, and the media. A full citation is not required for the link.
The Week 8 Forum meets the following course objectives:
Apply a sociological perspective to the social world.
Analyze contemporary social issues using the sociological imagination and use sociological theories and concepts to analyze everyday life.
Explain collective behavior, social movements, and social change.
.
1. Respond to the Question Is auscultation of bowel sounds us.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Respond to the Question: Is "auscultation" of bowel sounds useful in assessing for abdominal trauma in the wilderness? Why or why not?
2. List three symptoms of "mittelschmerz" (look it up if needed) and describe why it may or may not be helpful to distinguish these symptoms while in the wilderness.
3. Write one "insightful" Peer Review of a classmates response to the above question or symptoms.
Rubric: 15 Possible Points
1 point for writing a yes/no response to the questions.
2 points for writing an adequate response to the Question (includes a yes/no answer along with an explanation as to why)
3 points for writing a thorough response to the Question (includes a yes/no answer, why, and possible treatments)
3 points for listing three correct symptoms of mittelschmerz
1 point for making a positive Peer Review response
2 points for making a positive Peer Review response with an explanation why it was a good
3 points for making a positive Peer Review response with an explanation why, and a suggestion of improvement or an additional insight.
1
Out of the Cold House
Zayda Sorrell-Medina
I was awakened by a loud thump in the middle of the night. The bedroom doors fluttered
open and the light flickered on. Before me, a tall man appeared from the back room. His shirt
was torn at the bottom and his hair was filled with lint. He held my eldest brother, Jonathan,
eleven, mercilessly by the neck. Jonathan’s long and lanky legs dangled in midair. His cinnamon
brown face slowly turned pulsing red. He scratched the tall man’s face to fight him off, but the
tall man squeezed harder. Jonathan’s arms fell to his side and his legs grew limp.
In my four-year-old mind, nothing made sense. The bustle of the St. Louis ghetto that
normally bled into the night was nonexistent. The world around me stopped. The piercing sound
of my eldest brother gasping for air echoed in my head. He could not breathe, and I had stood
there, helplessly watching.
My brothers and sisters were at home that night. Crystal, three, and Maria, two, both fast
asleep. Ricardo, five, must have been asleep in the other room. Andres, ten, who was known for
his quick temperament, watched stiffly from the hallway, his nose flared, and his forehead filled
with veins. He dashed into the other room and returned with a hammer in his right hand, ready to
pounce. The tall man smirked.
My mother, who was out a lot, was at home that night. She saw the sinister look on the
man’s face and quickly ran to Andres. “Give me the hammer,” she said, ripping it from my
brother’s hand. Her terror filled eyes shifted towards the tall man, whose nails were still planted
deeply in Jonathan’s throat. She leaped into the air and swung the hammer, hitting the tall man in
the temple. The man stumbled backwards, his cheeks landing firmly against the wooden floors,
his mouth and eyes wide open, blood oozing from his head. The world around us stopped. .
1. Provide a precise definition for human capital”. 2. What .docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Provide a precise definition for “human capital”.
2. What managerial decisions/actions have you seen that support and increase the value of human capital?
3. What organization actions might further improve the value of human capital?
4. Please use class material to support your answer.(see attached study guide)
(at least 15 sentences$
ALSO PLEASE REPLY TO ANOTHER STUDENTS COMMENT BELOW
Judith:
Human capital is the value of workers knowledge, skills, and their experience. Their assets can be the education and training they received. Also, their assets can be the intellectual skills that they have. Also. organizations feel that employees being loyal by having longevity and punctuality with the organization.shows value, which is also considered human capital.
.
1. Locate a recent (within six months) article on Net Neutralit.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Locate a recent (within six months) article on Net Neutrality. Summarize the article in a few short paragraphs and then discuss your personal view as it relates to the article. Post a link to the article as well.
2. IoT—if you have an IoT device in your home, in your car, or a wearable that you are familiar with, describe how you use this device, what companion app(s) are required, and do you find it beneficial or not (why or why not)? If you don’t have an IoT device, do some research and select an appliance/device/product that utilizes IoT. Highlight the product, detail how it works in terms of IoT and describe how you would use this product.
.
1. How Subtle Sex Discrimination Works by Nijole V. Benokra.docxcarlstromcurtis
1.
"How Subtle Sex Discrimination Works" by Nijole V. Benokraitis (Links to an external site.)
Identify which article you picked and summarize the information.
2. Choose a a concept from Introduction to Sociology 2e (any chapter), a Sociological theory, or the Sociological Imagination to analyze what you read. Define your concept, theory, or Sociological Imagination. (Please use a sociological theory)
3. Analyze the reading with Sociology.
please use citations when providing examples from the article, please write 2-3 paragraphs double spaced.
.
1. Define Culture, Family, and Community and discuss how they a.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Define Culture, Family, and Community and discuss how they are related.
2. Mention and discuss what cultural concepts will you use to provide nursing care to families, communities and, aggregates.
3. Mention and discuss potential health problems in refugees and immigrant populations.
4. Mention and discuss interventions that are culturally sensitive and relevant to address the health concerns of a refugee population.
.
1. Give the definition or meaning of each of the following termsco.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Give the definition or meaning of each of the following terms/concepts
using a named source.
2. Give the meaning of each term/concept
using your own words.
3. Give
two examples
of each term/concept.
Discrete Random Variable
Continuous Random Variable
Probability Distribution
Binomial Coefficient (page 248 of text)
What does n! (reads "n factorial") mean? Explain and demonstrate with your examples.
.
1. Compare and contrast the definitions of health from a public hea.docxcarlstromcurtis
1. Compare and contrast the definitions of health from a public health nursing perspective and list and explain the, three levels of prevention and give an example of each one.
2. Mention and discuss community/public health nursing interventions as explained by the intervention Wheel.
3. Describe and explain the process of conducting a community health assessment and identify and discuss the uses for epidemiological data at each step of the nursing process.
4. Compare the application of the public health principles to the nation's major health problems at the turn of the twentieth century (i.e. acute disease) with the beginning of the twenty-first century (i.e. chronic disease) and mention and discuss the major contemporary issues facing community/public health nursing, and trace the historical roots to the present.
.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of a true ne.docx
1. 1. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of a true
negative on a test for a certain cancer is significantly more than
0.25.
With
H
1 : p >> 0.25 you obtain a test statistic of z=1.397z=1.397.
Use a normal distribution calculator and the test statistic to find
the P-value accurate to 4 decimal places. It may be left-tailed,
right-tailed, or 2-tailed.
P-value =
2. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of
catching the flu this year is significantly more than 0.27.
With
H
1 : p >> 0.27 you obtain a test statistic of z=1.722z=1.722.
Use a normal distribution calculator and the test statistic to find
the P-value accurate to 4 decimal places. It may be left-tailed,
right-tailed, or 2-tailed.
P-value =
3. You are conducting a study to see if the probability of a true
negative on a test for a certain cancer is significantly more than
0.81. You use a significance level of α=0.001α=0.001.
2. H0:p=0.81H0:p=0.81
H1:p>0.81H1:p>0.81
You obtain a sample of size n=218n=218 in which there are 184
successes.
What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer
accurate to three decimal places.)
test statistic =
What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to
four decimal places.)
p-value =
The p-value is...
a) less than (or equal to) αα
b) greater than αα
This test statistic leads to a decision to...
a) reject the null
b) accept the null
3. c) fail to reject the null
As such, the final conclusion is that...
a) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim
that the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain
cancer is more than 0.81.
b)There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim that the probability of a true negative on a test for a
certain cancer is more than 0.81.
c)The sample data support the claim that the probability of a
true negative on a test for a certain cancer is more than 0.81.
d)There is not sufficient sample evidence to support the claim
that the probability of a true negative on a test for a certain
cancer is more than 0.81.
4. You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of men
over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is
significantly different from 0.23. You use a significance level
of α=0.02α=0.02.
H0:p=0.23H0:p=0.23
H1:p≠0.23H1:p≠0.23
You obtain a sample of size n=167n=167 in which there are 32
successes.
4. What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer
accurate to three decimal places.)
test statistic =
What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to
four decimal places.)
p-value =
The p-value is...
A) less than (or equal to) αα
B) greater than αα
This test statistic leads to a decision to...
A)reject the null
B)accept the null
C)fail to reject the null
As such, the final conclusion is that...
A) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim
that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their
5. prostate examined is different from 0.23.
B) There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have
their prostate examined is different from 0.23.
C) The sample data support the claim that the proportion of men
over 50 who regularly have their prostate examined is different
from 0.23.
D) There is not sufficient sample evidence to support the claim
that the proportion of men over 50 who regularly have their
prostate examined is different from 0.23.
5. Many investors and financial analysts believe the Dow Jones
Industrial Average (DJIA) gives a good barometer of the overall
stock market. On January 31, 2006, 9 of the 30 stocks making
up the DJIA increased in price (The Wall Street Journal,
February 1, 2006). On the basis of this fact, a financial analyst
claims we can assume that 30% of the stocks traded on the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) went up the same day.
A sample of 75 stocks traded on the NYSE that day showed that
26 went up.
You are conducting a study to see if the proportion of stocks
that went up is significantly more than 0.3. You use a
significance level of α=0.001α=0.001.
What is the test statistic for this sample? (Report answer
accurate to three decimal places.)
6. test statistic =
What is the p-value for this sample? (Report answer accurate to
four decimal places.)
p-value =
The p-value is...
A) less than (or equal to) αα
B) greater than αα
This test statistic leads to a decision to...
A) reject the null
B) accept the null
C) fail to reject the null
As such, the final conclusion is that...
A)There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim
that the proportion of stocks that went up is more than 0.3.
B)There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim that the proportion of stocks that went up is more than
0.3.
7. C)The sample data support the claim that the proportion of
stocks that went up is more than 0.3.
D)There is not sufficient sample evidence to support the claim
that the proportion of stocks that went up is more than 0.3.
6. A well-known brokerage firm executive claimed that 60% of
investors are currently confident of meeting their investment
goals. An XYZ Investor Optimism Survey, conducted over a two
week period, found that in a sample of 400 people, 54% of them
said they are confident of meeting their goals.
Test the claim that the proportion of people who are confident is
smaller than 60% at the 0.005 significance level.
The null and alternative hypothesis would be:
A) H0:p≥0.5H0:p≥0.5
H1:p<0.5H1:p<0.5
B) H0:μ≤0.5H0:μ≤0.5
H1:μ>0.5
C) H0:μ=0.5H0:μ=0.5
H1:μ≠0.5
D) H0:μ≥0.5H0:μ≥0.5
H1:μ<0.5H1:μ<0.5
8. E) H0:p=0.5H0:p=0.5
H1:p≠0.5
F) H0:p≤0.5H0:p≤0.5
H1:p>0.5H1:p>0.5
The test is:
A) two-tailed
B) left-tailed
C) right-tailed
The test statistic is: (to 3 decimals)
The p-value is: (to 4 decimals)
Based on this we:
A) Fail to reject the null hypothesis
B) Reject the null hypothesis
7. Test the claim that the proportion of people who own cats is
9. significantly different than 50% at the 0.1 significance level.
The null and alternative hypothesis would be:
A) H0:p≥0.5H0:p≥0.5
H1:p<0.5H1:p<0.5
B) H0:μ≤0.5H0:μ≤0.5
H1:μ>0.5H1:μ>0.5
C) H0:μ=0.5H0:μ=0.5
H1:μ≠0.5H1:μ≠0.5
D) H0:μ≥0.5H0:μ≥0.5
H1:μ<0.5H1:μ<0.5
E) H0:p=0.5H0:p=0.5
H1:p≠0.5H1:p≠0.5
F) H0:p≤0.5H0:p≤0.5
H1:p>0.5H1:p>0.5
10. The test is:
A) left-tailed
B) two-tailed
C)right-tailed
Based on a sample of 300 people, 44% owned cats
The test statistic is: (to 2 decimals)
The p-value is: (to 2 decimals)
Based on this we:
A) Reject the null hypothesis
B) Fail to reject the null hypothesis
8. Given ˆpp^ = 0.2571 and N = 35 for the high-income group,
Test the claim that the proportion of children in the
high-income
group that drew the nickel too large is smaller than 50%. Test at
the 0.01 significance level.
11. a) Identify the correct alternative hypothesis:
A) μ=.50μ=.50
B) p>.50p>.50
C) μ<.50μ<.50
D) p=.50p=.50
E) μ>.50μ>.50
F) p<.50p<.50
Give all answers correct to 3 decimal places.
b) The test statistic value is:
c) Using the P-value method, the P-value is:
d) Based on this, we
A) Reject H0H0
B) Fail to reject H0H0
e) Which means
12. A) There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim
B) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim
C) There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim
D) The sample data support the claim
9. A well-known brokerage firm executive claimed that 70% of
investors are currently confident of meeting their investment
goals. An XYZ Investor Optimism Survey, conducted over a
two-week period, found that in a sample of 100 people, 64% of
them said they are confident of meeting their goals.
Test the claim that the proportion of people who are confident is
smaller than 70% at the 0.10 significance level.
The null and alternative hypothesis would be:
A) H0:p≤0.7H0:p≤0.7
H1:p>0.7H1:p>0.7
B) H0:μ=0.7H0:μ=0.7
H1:μ≠0.7H1:μ≠0.7
C) H0:μ≤0.7H0:μ≤0.7
14. Based on this we:
A) Reject the null hypothesis
B) Fail to reject the null hypothesis
10. The US Department of Energy reported that 50% of homes
were heated by natural gas. A random sample of 349 homes in
Oregon found that 129 were heated by natural gas. Test the
claim that proportion of homes in Oregon that were heated by
natural gas is different than what was reported. Use a 1%
significance level. Give answer to at least 4 decimal places.
What are the correct hypotheses? (Select the correct symbols
and use decimal values not percentages.)
H0: Select an answer s² x̄ σ² p p̂ μ σ s ? = ≤ ≥ ≠ > <
H1: Select an answer σ² s x̄ σ μ p̂ s² p ? ≥ ≤ = ≠ < >
Based on the hypotheses, compute the following:
Test Statistic =
p-value =
Based on the above we choose to Select an answer Accept the
alternative hypothesis Reject the null hypothesis Accept the null
hypothesis Fail to reject the null hypothesis
The correct summary would be: Select an answer There is not
15. enough evidence to reject the claim There is enough evidence to
support the claim There is not enough evidence to support the
claim There is enough evidence to reject the claim that the
proportion of homes in Oregon that were heated by natural gas
is different than what the DOE reported value of 50%.