1) Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are distributed in patterns related to plate tectonic theory. 2) Most earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are located near plate boundaries like the "Ring of Fire" in the Pacific. 3) The movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes, creates volcanoes at plate boundaries, and results in the formation of mountain ranges.

1. Volcanoes,Earthquakes,
and
MountainRanges
Volcanoes,Earthquakes,
and
MountainRanges

2. LEARNINGCOMPETENCY
Describe and relate the distribution of
active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters,
and major mountain belts to Plate
Tectonic Theory
(S10ES – Ia-j-36.1)

3. SPECIFICOBJECTIVES
1. Enumerate ways to ensure disaster
preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis,
and volcanic eruptions; and
2. Suggest ways by which one can contribute to
government efforts in reducing damage due
to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic
eruption.

4. OurcountryispartofthePacific
RingofFire

5. Youneedtorecallimportantwordsrelatedtovolcanoes
andearthquakesthatwillbeusedinthisdiscussion.
Readthedefinitionandcompletevocabularywordwith
missinglettertounlockedthecorrectanswer.
DIRECTION

6. 1.Avolcanowithaccountsoferuption
documentedwithin10,000years(2words)
ACTIVE VOLCANO
A_T_V_ VO_C_NO

7. 2.Abigbodyoflandontheglobe
CONTINENT
_O_ _ IN _ _ T

8. 3.AvibrationofEarthduetotherapid
releaseofenergy
EARTHQUAKE
E_ _ T _ _U _KE

9. 4.ThelocationontheEarth'ssurface
directlyabovethefocusofan
earthquake
EPICENTER
_PI_ _N_ _R

10. 5.Theexactsiteoftheoriginofan
earthquake,belowtheepicenter
FOCUS
F_C_ _

11. 6.TheliquidrockbelowtheEarth's
surface.
MAGMA
_A_MA

12. 7.Alandmassthatprojectswellabove
itssurroundings;higherthanahill.
MOUNTAIN
M_U_TA_ _

13. 8.Achainofmountains(2words)
MOUNTAIN RANGE
_OU_TA_N R_N_E

14. 9.TypeofEarthquakewaves.
(2words)
SEISMIC WAVES
_E_SM_C W_V_S

15. 10.Thefirsttypeofseismicwavetoberecordedina
seismicstation,thesecompressionwavesarethe
fastestandtravelthroughsolids,liquids,andgases
(2words)
PRIMARY WAVE
P_IM_RY _A__

16. 11. Thesecondtypeofearthquakewavetobe
recordedinaseismicstation;theseshearingwaves
arestrongerthanP-waves,butonlymovethrough
solids(2words)
SECONDARY WAVE
_E_ _ND_ R_ WAVE

17. 13.Ameasuringinstrumentfordetectingand
measuringtheintensityanddirectionand
durationofmovementsofanearthquake
SEISMOGRAPH
S_I_ _O_RA_H

18. 14.AJapanesetermfor“bigwaveintheport;”
generatedduringunderseaquakes
TSUNAMI
_S_NA_I

19. 15.Amountainorhill,typicallyconical,havingacrateror
ventthroughwhichlava,rockfragments,hotvaporandgas
isbeingorhavebeeneruptedfromthe
earth'scrust.
VOLCANO
_OL_ANO

20. WhatReallyisInsidetheEarth?
Our Earth has four layers
consisting of different
materials, namely, crust,
mantle, inner, and outer
core.

21. LITHOSPHERE
• Composed of the crust and
the upper mantle.
• In constant but very slow
motion.
• The movement of lithosphere
is called tectonics

22. PLATE TECTONICS
THEORY

23. PLATE TECTONICS THEORY
“The entire lithosphere of the Earth
is broken into numerous segments
called
plates”

24. Lookslikeajigsaw
puzzle

25. LAR G E PLATES :
AFR I CAN
ANTAR CTI C
EUR ASI AN
I ND O -AUS TR ALI AN
NOR TH AMER I CAN
SOUTH AMER I CAN
PACI FI C
S MALL PLATES :
AR ABI AN
CAR I BBEAN
COCOS
J UAN D E FUCA
NAZCA
PH I LI PPI NE
S COTI A

26. These plates fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle
and the movement ranges from less than 1 to more than 15 cm
per year. The motion of the plates over millions of years resulted
in the opening and closure of bodies of water and likewise, the
formation and disintegration of continents in the world.
PlateTectonicsTheory

27. German climatologist, Alfred Wegener, proposed
the Continental Drift Theory in his book The Origins
of Continents and Ocean in 1915. It stated that
“continents move around on Earth's surface and that
they were once joined together as a single
supercontinent. (PANGEA)”
PlateTectonicsTheory

29. Let’scheckyouractivity
Activity:RememberWeretheEdgesMeet.

31. a. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?
b. Where are they situated?
c. Look at your world map on page 9 and compare the earthquake
epicenters. Name the country/ies where earthquakes may not happen.
d. Why are there no earthquakes on the country/ies you mentioned?

33. e. How are volcanoes distributed?
f. Where are they situated?
g. Based on the map, which country/ies will unlikely experience a
volcanic eruption?

34. h. How do you compare the location of majority of earthquake
epicenters with the location of volcanoes around the world?

36. i. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the
distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
j. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s
lithosphere into several plates?

37. PlateMovements
The force that causes most of the plate movements is called
thermal convection, where heat from the Earth's interior causes
currents of hot rising magma and cooler sinking magma to flow,
moving the plates of the crust along with them. In ridge push and
slab pull, gravity is acting on the plate to cause the movement.

38. Plate Movements