Anatomy of respiratory system

1. The RespiratoryThe Respiratory
SystemSystem
Dr. Mohammad MahmoudDr. Mohammad Mahmoud
MosaedMosaed

2. Parts of the respiratoryParts of the respiratory
systemsystem

3. ANATOMY OF THEANATOMY OF THE
NOSENOSE

4. The Nose
The nose divided into two
regions:
1. External nose
2. Nasal cavity
Both of which are divided by a nasal
septum into right and left halves

5. External noseExternal nose
 The external nose projects forwards from the face
 Its upper end (root) continuous with the forehead
 Its lower end (base) has two orifices called the nares
(nostrils)
 The sides of the nose meet in the midline in the
dorsum of the nose
 The upper end of the dorsum is the bridge of the
nose, the lower end is the tip of the nose
 The lower flared lateral part of the nose is the ala of
the nose
 Philtrum: a shallow vertical groove inferior to the
apex

7. Supporting framework of the
external nose
Bones and cartilages
The bones:
The nasal bone
The frontal processes of the maxillae
The nasal part of the frontal bone
The cartilages
Lateral cartilage
Major alar cartilage
Minor alar cartilage

9.  Nerve supply
 The anterior nasal nerve from the anterior
ethmoidal nerve of nasociliary nerve
 Infratrochlear branch of the nasociliary nerve
 Nasal branch of the infraorbital nerve (from
maxillary nerve)
Blood supply
 Dorsal nasal artery from the ophthalmic artery
 External nasal artery from the anterior ethmoidal
artery (from ophthalmic artery)
 Lateral nasal and septal branches of the facial artery

10.  The nasal cavity extends from the
nostrils in front to the posterior
nasal apertures or choanae behind
where the nose opens into the
nasopharynx
 The nasal vestibule is the area of
the nasal cavity lying just inside the
nostril

11. Nasal cavity

12. Walls of the Nasal
Cavity
Each half of the nasal cavity has;
 Floor
 Roof
 Medial or septal wall
 Lateral wall

13. Floor and roof of nasal
cavity
 The floor is formed by upper surface of the
hard palate (palatine process of the maxilla
and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone)
 The roof is narrow and is formed;
Anteriorly; by the nasal and frontal bones
In the middle; by the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone
Posteriorly; by the body of the sphenoid

15. The medial wall is formed by the nasal septum
which divided the nasal cavity into right and
left halves .
The septum is made up of;
 The septal cartilage
 The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
 The vomer
The septum rarely lies in the midline, thus
increasing the size of one half of the nasal
cavity and decreasing the size of the other

18. Lateral wall
The lateral wall formed by;
1. Nasal surface of the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone
forming the upper part
2. Perpendicular plate of palatine bone forming the
posterior part
3. Nasal surface of the maxilla forming the lower and
anterior part
 It has three projections of bone called
the superior, middle, and inferior nasal
conchae
The space below each concha is called a
meatus

21.  The sphenoethmoidal recess
is a small area above the
superior concha
 It receives the opening of
the sphenoid air sinus

23. The superior meatus lies
below the superior concha
It receives the openings of
the posterior ethmoid
sinuses

25.  It lies below the middle concha
 It has a rounded swelling called the bulla
ethmoidalis that is formed by the middle ethmoidal
air sinuses, which open on its upper border
 A curved groove, the hiatus semilunaris, lies just
below the bulla
 The anterior end of the hiatus leads into a funnel-
shaped channel called the infundibulum, which is
continuous with the frontal sinus by the frontonasal
sinus.
 The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus
through the hiatus semilunaris
 The anterior ethmoidal air sinus opens into the
infundibulum or into the most anterior part of the
hiatus semilunaris

27.  The inferior meatus lies below the
inferior concha
 It receives the opening of the lower
end of the nasolacrimal duct, which
is guarded by a fold of mucous
membrane

28. Mucous membrane
 The vestibule is lined with skin and has coarse
hairs
 The area above the superior concha is lined with
olfactory mucous membrane and contains nerve
endings sensitive to the reception of smell
 The lower part of the nasal cavity is lined with
respiratory mucous membrane
 A large plexus of veins in the submucous
connective tissue is present in the respiratory
region. The presence of warm blood in the
venous plexuses serves to heat up the
inspired air as it enters the respiratory system
 The presence of mucus on the surfaces of the
conchae traps foreign particles and organisms

29. Nerve Supply of the Nasal
Cavity
Special sensation (smell)
The olfactory nerves from the
olfactory mucous membrane ascend
through the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulbs

31. The general sensation
The nerves of general sensation are
branches of the ophthalmic division
and the maxillary division of the
trigeminal nerve
1. Nasopalatine nerve supplies the greater part of the nasal septum and
the mucosa of the roof of the nose
2. Medial posterior superior nasal nerve supplies the posterior part of
the nasal septum
3. Lateral posterior superior nasal nerves supply upper and posterior
part of the lateral wall
4. Lateral posterior inferior nasal nerve from the greater palatine nerve
and supply the lower and posterior part of the lateral wall
5. Medial internal nasal nerve from the anterior ethmoidal nerve, it
supplies the anterior of the septum
6. Lateral internal nasal nerve from the anterior ethmoidal nerve it
supplies the anterior part of the lateral wall
7. Infraorbital nerve to the vestibule of the nose
8. Anterior superior alveolar nerve to the lateral wall and the floor

32.  1. The maxillary artery, one of the terminal
branches of the external carotid artery
 The branch of maxillary artery supply the nasal cavity
are:
 The sphenopalatine artery
 The greater palatine artery
 2. The septal branch of the superior labial
branch of the facial artery
 3. Branches from the anterior ethmoidal
artery of the ophthalmic artery
 The submucous venous plexus is drained by veins
that accompany the arteries

33. Little’s area
 Little’s area lies in the anterior
and inferior part of the nasal
septum
 In this area there are
anastomses between the
sphenopalatine artery, greater
palatine artery and septal
branch of the superior labial
artery


35.  The lymph vessels draining the
vestibule end in the submandibular
nodes
 The remainder of the nasal cavity is
drained by vessels that pass to the
upper deep cervical nodes