1. midnight ESTEach of us perceives ethics” from our own p

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This document provides instructions for an assignment on ethics and whistleblowing. It asks students to choose one of five unethical behaviors by an employer or coworker to discuss as a whistleblowing scenario in a 600-word post. It also presents a separate ethics question about whether a government should agree to grant a terrorist immunity in exchange for releasing hostages, even if they plan to later prosecute the terrorist. Students are instructed to reference their responses appropriately.

Education

1.
midnight EST
Each of us perceives "ethics” from our own point of reference
as to what is or is not ethical. This assignment asks you to
consider ethics and whistleblowers. Select one of the behaviors
listed below for your discussion posting. Base your posting on
your relationship with the "unethical person” and any risk
involved in "whistle blowing”.
i. Stealing from an employer
ii. Falsifying a time sheet
iii. Padding an expense account
iv. Falsifying any document or record
v. Lying about the conduct of a co-worker.
2. In a hostage crises, is it ethical for a government to agree to
grant a terrorist immunity if he releases the hostages, even
though the government has every intention of capturing and
prosecuting the terrorist once his hostages are released?
3.Above questions are different to each other, should have at
least 600 words with correct References?

1. midnight ESTEach of us perceives ethics” from our own p

Article 1: Each of us perceives "ethics” from our own point of reference as to what is or is not ethical. This assignment asks you to consider ethics and whistleblowers. Select one of the behaviors listed below for your discussion posting. Base your posting on your relationship with the "unethical person” and any risk involved in "whistle blowing”. 1. Stealing from an employer 2. Falsifying a time sheet 3. Padding an expense account 4. Falsifying any document or record 5. Lying about the conduct of a co-worker Ethics is important in any type of origination. There are lot of ethics pointed in all companies. As a employee he have to do or know the basic training on the company ethics. In that lesson or study the employee will know all the ethics to be followed in that company. 1) Ethics may be of any type like giving the false information to the company about the degree or visa 2) Claiming the hours wrongly in timesheet .3) Giving the company secured information to the outside people that is about the latest information about the new projects or the new products in the company.4)Giving the false information to the coworker etc.. These all things are unethical in multinational companies. Higher management will take the action seriously by removing permanently from the job or suspending from the work. As per my experience I seen a person fired from his position as he is using the social media WhatsApp for to communicate with the coworkers. They don’t want to do the things which are not allowed in his company. Falsifying a Timesheet is one of the most unethical work in any company. They can’t bill the hours which are not worked. There are whistleblowers in any of the teams. These people observe everything of new joiners and inform to higher management if they are doing the unethical things like leaking the information to the outside people, claiming the hours falsely etc. The second most unethical thing is spreading the information about the company future projects and present work going in the company. So employees should maintain the some ethics as per the company rules. Sometimes employees claim for the wrong bills giving the false information. This is also mostly unethical in companies. Article 2: Each of us perceives "ethics” from our own point of reference as to what is or is not ethical. This assignment asks you to consider ethics and whistleblowers. Select one of the behaviors listed below for your discussion posting. Base your posting on your relationship with the "unethical person” and any risk involved in "whistle blowing”. 1. Stealing from an employer 2. Falsifying a time sheet 3. Padding an expense account 4. Falsifying any document or record 5. Lying about the conduct of a co-worker I have chosen the fourth choice – falsifying any document or record – for the aim of my discussion. From my point of reference, ethics are determined by my ethical principles and these principles govern my ethical code, a moral stand, moral valu.

84 Module 2 Workplace Basics84 Module 2 Workplace Basics.docx

evonnehoggarth79783

84 Module 2 Workplace Basics 84 Module 2 Workplace Basics When Others Are Not Ethical The last section discussed how to behave ethically at work. But what should you do when others are not behaving ethically? Let us go back to the three levels of ethical decision making. Everyone must abide by the law. If someone at work is breaking the law, you have an obligation to inform your employer immediately. This can be done confidentially to either your supervisor or the human resource department. Whenever you accuse anyone of wrongdoing, have documented facts and solid evidence. Keep track of important dates, events, and copies of evidence. Your credibility is at stake. Remember, depending on the enormity of the situation, you, as an employee, have three choices: (1) alert outside officials if the offense is illegal and extreme; (2) if the offense is not extreme and is accepted by management, accept management's decision; or (3) if the inappropriate behavior is accepted by management and you are still bothered, decide whether you want to continue working for the company. Cory finds out that a certain coworker received a laptop computer from a vendor for personal use. No other employee received a laptop. The coworker said the laptop was an incentive for the company's good standing with the vendor and, because he was the employee who made the purchases, it was his right to keep the laptop. Cory thinks this is not fair and is unethical. Cory politely checks with the human resource department, and they tell Cory that the coworker can keep the laptop. Cory must accept the company's policy. Although construed as being unethical in Cory's mind, the company found no conflict with its policies. Cory decides the offense is not extreme; and, because it was accepted by management, Cory accepts management's decision. Another common ethical issue at work occurs in the area of company theft. Company theft is not always large items such as computers or equipment. More often, it is smaller items such as office supplies. Time can also be stolen from a company. If you use company time to surf the Internet, make personal calls, or take extra long breaks, you are stealing from the company. You may not realize that taking a pen or pencil home is stealing from your company. Office supplies should only be used for business purposes. Although it is heavily influenced by the company and how others view right behavior from wrong, ethical behavior starts with the individual. Diversity Basics This section addresses workplace diversity, cultural differences, and employee rights regarding these differences. Diversity comes in many forms. Although most people think of diversity as a race issue, the topic goes far beyond race. People are different in many aspects, ranging from ethnicity to the way we wear our hair. As we discuss these issues, it is important to note three primary messages regarding workplace diversity: · No matter what our differences, treat everyone with .

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This document provides information on critical thinking and logical fallacies as they relate to making ethical arguments. It defines critical thinking as evaluating evidence, considering multiple perspectives, and using sound reasoning rather than just having an opinion. Logical fallacies are faulty logic that weaken arguments, such as appeals to emotion, false authority, slippery slopes, and straw man arguments. Examples are given to illustrate different types of logical fallacies. The document emphasizes the importance of fair-mindedness and avoiding logical fallacies when evaluating ethical issues.

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This chapter discusses whistleblowing and the laws protecting whistleblowers. It defines whistleblowing and internal and external whistleblowing. It explains when whistleblowing is considered ethical based on 5 conditions. Key pieces of US legislation aimed at preventing corporate misconduct are identified, including the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 and provisions to protect whistleblowers. Employers have a duty to respond to whistleblowers and cannot engage in retaliation.

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1 Ethical Principles and Business Decisions Wavebreak Media/Thinkstock Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: • Describe moral objectivism, moral relativism, and divine command theory. • Explain the theories of moral psychology, including psychological egoism, psychological altruism, and the relation between gender and morality. • Explain how virtue theory, duty theory, and utilitarianism provide standards of morality. • Describe the relation between morality and government in social contract theory, human rights theory, and the four principles of governmental coercion. fie82537_01_c01_001-032.indd 1 10/15/15 11:26 AM © 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution. 2 Introduction Chapter Outline Introduction 1.1 Where Moral Values Come From Moral Objectivism and Moral Relativism Religion and Morality 1.2 Ethics and Psychology Egoism and Altruism Gender and Morality 1.3 Moral Standards Virtues Duties Utilitarianism 1.4 Morality and Government The Social Contract Human Rights Principles of Governmental Coercion Conclusion Introduction National surveys are routinely conducted to reveal public attitudes about various professions; some jobs have higher moral reputations than others. One poll asked people to rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in different fields. The results of the survey are shown in Figure 1.1. It is important to understand that these survey results only report people’s perceptions of professional ethical behavior and are not evaluations of actual professional behavior. But business is an area where perception is often everything, and businesspeople in advertising and public relations certainly know this. Figure 1.1 shows a clear pattern: The highest-ranking professions involve helping people, and nurses, who are at the very top, are clear examples. Among the lowest-ranking occupations are those associated with the business world: bank- ers, business executives, advertisers, and, near the very bottom, car salespeople. What is it that makes us have such low opinions of the moral integrity of the business world? Part of it may be that, in contrast with nurses, businesses have the reputation of caring only for themselves and not for others. Part of it may also be that the competitive nature of business pushes even the most decent of people to put profits above responsibility to the public. Businesses, of course, respond to these negative perceptions in creative ways. For example, fie82537_01_c01_001-032.indd 2 10/15/15 11:26 AM © 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution. 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Nu rs es M ed ica l do cto rs Ph ar m ac ist s Po lic e of fic er s Cl er gy Ba nk er s Bu sin es s ex ec ut ive s Ad ve rti sin g Pr ac titi on er s La wy er s Ca r sa les pe op le M em be rs.

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Chapter 3 Evaluating Moral Arguments What Is Moral Reasoning? Moral reasoningis ordinary critical reasoning applied to ethics. Critical reasoning(also called critical thinking) is the careful, systematic evaluation of statementsand arguments. Statements A statement(or claim) is the assertion that something is either true or false. The following are examples of statements:“Murder is wrong.”“1 + 1 = 2”“Shakespeare wrote The Tempest.” Statements and Arguments –1 When at least one statement attempts to provide reasons for believing another statement, we have an argument—a group of statements, one of which is supposed to be supported by the rest. Statements and Arguments –2 The supporting statements are called premises. The statement that is being supported by the others is the conclusion. Identifying ArgumentsAn argumentis intended to prove something.All arguments share a pattern: at least one premise is required to support a conclusion.A cluster of unsupported claims is not an argument.The most reliable way to identify arguments is to look for the conclusion first.Look for indicator words:terms that often appear in arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion may be nearby. Some words indicating a conclusion: Therefore, consequently, hence, it follows that, thus, so, it must be thatSome words indicating a premise: Because, since, for, given that, due to the fact that, for the reason that, the reason being, assuming that, as indicated by Two Forms of Argument A deductive argumentis supposed to give logically conclusivesupport to its conclusion. An inductive argumentis supposed to offer probablesupport to its conclusion. Common Deductive Argument FormsValid forms:Denying the antecedentAffirming the consequent Invalid forms:Affirming the antecedent(modus ponens)Denying the consequent(modus tollens)The hypothetical syllogism Deductive Arguments A deductive argument isvalidif the premises support the conclusion. That is, the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises. If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. A deductive argument is invalidif the premises do not support the conclusion. That is, the conclusion does not follow necessarily from the premises. If the premises are true, then the conclusion may or may not be true. A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and all its premises are true. A deductive argument is unsound if it is invalid and/or any of its premises are false. Inductive Arguments An inductive argument is strongif it gives probable support to its conclusion. That is, if its premises are true, its conclusion is also likely to be true. An inductive argument is weak if it does not give probable support to its conclusion. That is, if its premises are true, its conclusion is not more probable than not to be true. An inductive argument is cogentif it is strong and all of its premises are true. An inductive argument is not cogent if it is weakand/or any of.

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robertad6

Chapter 4: Theories Responding to the Challenge of Cultural Relativism from The Business Ethics Workshop was adapted by Saylor Academy and is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensor. UMGC has modified this work and it is available under the original license. http://www.saylor.org/site/textbooks/The%20Business%20Ethics%20Workshop.pdf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 137 Chapter 4 Theories Responding to the Challenge of Cultural Relativism Chapter Overview Chapter 4 "Theories Responding to the Challenge of Cultural Relativism" examines some theories guiding ethical decisions in business. It considers reactions to the possibility that there are no universal definitions of right and wrong, only different customs that change from one society to another. 4.1 What Is Cultural Relativism? L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 138 1. Define cultural relativism. 2. Show how cultural relativism defies traditional ethics. Nietzsche and the End of Traditional Ethics “God is dead,” the declaration attributed to Friedrich Nietzsche, stands along with “I think, therefore I am” (René Descartes, 1641) as philosophy’s most popularized—and parodied—phrases. The t-shirt proclaiming “Nietzsche is dead, signed, God” is funny, but it doesn’t quite answer what Nietzsche was saying in the late 1800s. What Nietzsche meant to launch was not only an assault on a certain religion but also a suspicion of the idea that there’s one source of final justice for all reality. Nietzsche proposed that different cultures and people each produce their own moral recommendations and prohibitions, and there’s no way to indisputably prove that one set is simply and universally preferable to another. The suspicion that there’s no final appeal—and therefore the values and morality practiced by a community can’t be dismissed as wrong or inferior to those practiced elsewhere—is called cultural relativism. Example: For most of us, the killing of a newborn would be among the most heinous of immoral acts; a perpetrator would need to be purely evil or completely mad. The Inuit Eskimos, however, regularly practiced female infanticide during their prehistory, and it was neither evil nor insane. Their brutal living conditions required a population imbalance tipped toward hunters (males). Without that gender selecting, the plain fact was the entire group faced starvation. At another place and time, Bernal Diaz’s The Conquest of New Spain recounts the Spanish invasion of the Americas and includes multiple reports of newborns sacrificed in bloody ceremonies that made perfect sense to the locals, but left Spaniards astonished and appalle.

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This document discusses ethics in journalism. It covers minimizing harm, acknowledging personal responsibility, reviewing ethical dilemmas, and ethics in digital journalism. It defines ethics and discusses the importance of truth-seeking, respecting the law and ethics, and being professional, accountable, and independent. It provides questions journalists should consider regarding sources and decisions. It outlines some basic rules like not making things up, avoiding conflicts of interest, being fair and neutral, identifying yourself, and admitting mistakes. It also discusses evaluating online sources and media.

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Tavistock Institute of Human Relations

Corruption arises from individuals turning away from internal sources of value and knowledge through a combination of hatred and intolerance of knowledge. This leads to attacks on linking with others and subverting relationships and systems of values. In groups, individual corruption processes become collectivized as the group takes on paranoid-schizoid characteristics, repressing doubts and anxieties in favor of shared delusional beliefs, like the idea that traditional economic rules no longer apply during a financial bubble. This corruption of thought allows irrational risk-taking to continue until anxieties overwhelm the forces of repression and the bubble bursts. Studying whole systems helps explain how individual minds coordinate into corrupt collective behavior through leadership that pursues objectives unrelated to the work task and erodes

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