This document provides information for potential stem cell or bone marrow donors. It discusses what is involved in being a donor including medical tests, the donation procedures of bone marrow harvest or peripheral blood stem cell collection, potential side effects, and what happens to the donated cells. The overall goal is to inform and answer questions for those considering stem cell or bone marrow donation to help a patient in need of a transplant.
Total Pregnancy Care is an online guide for pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood related information. Women wanting to conceive, pregnant women, expecting parents, and new mothers can use this pregnancy portal for a healthy pregnancy, fulfilling childbirth and joyful motherhood. With pregnancy at its core, this portal covers various important aspects and especially addresses those matters that the Indian Woman always wanted to know but did not know whom to ask. Visit www.totalpregnancycare.com
Presentation 217 dallas forshew decoding stem cells for als 2014The ALS Association
This document summarizes stem cell research for ALS and patient perspectives. It describes the different types of stem cells (adult, embryonic, induced pluripotent), their purposes in ALS (replacing motor neurons or supporting cells), and several clinical trials testing stem cells for ALS in the US and internationally. While patients have high expectations for cures, the document cautions that progress will be slow and individualized therapies may be needed given ALS is likely a syndrome. It outlines sources of information for patients and considerations like safety for stem cell interventions.
1) A 35-year-old man was in a serious car accident and was taken to the trauma center in critical condition. Scans showed brain injury and herniation.
2) The patient meets criteria for organ donation due to his brain injury and clinical condition. The nurse calls the organ procurement organization.
3) The organ procurement organization evaluates the patient and determines he is medically suitable for organ donation. The nurse continues providing care and supporting the family while donation is considered.
Organ donation can save lives. There are over 100,000 people waiting for organ transplants but only a fraction of people register as donors. While most people support donation, many myths and misconceptions still exist. Donation is supported by major religions and an open casket funeral is possible. However, more donors are needed to help the thousands of people on waiting lists.
Blood is essential for life but in short supply. Regular blood donation is needed to meet the increasing demand from hospitals. Donating blood is safe and helps save lives by providing blood for transfusions to patients with injuries, cancers, or blood disorders. All donated blood is tested for infections to ensure the safety of donors and recipients.
This document discusses hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatrics. It defines hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as any procedure where stem cells from any donor or source are given to a recipient with the intention of repopulating or replacing their hematopoietic system. The document then reviews the history of stem cell transplantation, different stem cell sources including bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood, and types of transplantation including autologous, allogeneic, and syngeneic. It also discusses procedures, conditioning regimens, and applications of autologous transplantation.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes the author's experience in Dr. Gowher's lab. It describes how the author grew endothelial cells in culture to study blood vessel formation and inhibition. The author also learned about PCR to amplify DNA, which is used in various applications like forensics, disease diagnosis, and paternity testing. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze amplified DNA and compare it to expected sizes. Overall, the experiments gave the author insight into how scientific reactions work and the usefulness of science.
Total Pregnancy Care is an online guide for pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood related information. Women wanting to conceive, pregnant women, expecting parents, and new mothers can use this pregnancy portal for a healthy pregnancy, fulfilling childbirth and joyful motherhood. With pregnancy at its core, this portal covers various important aspects and especially addresses those matters that the Indian Woman always wanted to know but did not know whom to ask. Visit www.totalpregnancycare.com
Presentation 217 dallas forshew decoding stem cells for als 2014The ALS Association
This document summarizes stem cell research for ALS and patient perspectives. It describes the different types of stem cells (adult, embryonic, induced pluripotent), their purposes in ALS (replacing motor neurons or supporting cells), and several clinical trials testing stem cells for ALS in the US and internationally. While patients have high expectations for cures, the document cautions that progress will be slow and individualized therapies may be needed given ALS is likely a syndrome. It outlines sources of information for patients and considerations like safety for stem cell interventions.
1) A 35-year-old man was in a serious car accident and was taken to the trauma center in critical condition. Scans showed brain injury and herniation.
2) The patient meets criteria for organ donation due to his brain injury and clinical condition. The nurse calls the organ procurement organization.
3) The organ procurement organization evaluates the patient and determines he is medically suitable for organ donation. The nurse continues providing care and supporting the family while donation is considered.
Organ donation can save lives. There are over 100,000 people waiting for organ transplants but only a fraction of people register as donors. While most people support donation, many myths and misconceptions still exist. Donation is supported by major religions and an open casket funeral is possible. However, more donors are needed to help the thousands of people on waiting lists.
Blood is essential for life but in short supply. Regular blood donation is needed to meet the increasing demand from hospitals. Donating blood is safe and helps save lives by providing blood for transfusions to patients with injuries, cancers, or blood disorders. All donated blood is tested for infections to ensure the safety of donors and recipients.
This document discusses hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatrics. It defines hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as any procedure where stem cells from any donor or source are given to a recipient with the intention of repopulating or replacing their hematopoietic system. The document then reviews the history of stem cell transplantation, different stem cell sources including bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood, and types of transplantation including autologous, allogeneic, and syngeneic. It also discusses procedures, conditioning regimens, and applications of autologous transplantation.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes the author's experience in Dr. Gowher's lab. It describes how the author grew endothelial cells in culture to study blood vessel formation and inhibition. The author also learned about PCR to amplify DNA, which is used in various applications like forensics, disease diagnosis, and paternity testing. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze amplified DNA and compare it to expected sizes. Overall, the experiments gave the author insight into how scientific reactions work and the usefulness of science.
The document discusses organ donation and transplantation. It notes that over 100,000 people are waiting for a lifesaving transplant, mostly for kidneys. It discusses the roles of living donors, deceased donors, and organ procurement organizations. It aims to address common misconceptions among medical professionals about donor eligibility requirements. Key factors that determine donor eligibility are focused on safely transplanting healthy organs.
Stem cell research has progressed significantly since the 1960s when scientists first isolated stem cells. In 1998, James Thomson derived the first human embryonic stem cell lines from the inner cell mass of human embryos. There are two main sources of embryonic stem cells: in vitro fertilization embryos and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Embryonic stem cell research holds promise for developing treatments for diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and cancer. However, it also faces ethical debates because it involves the destruction of embryos. Both advantages and disadvantages of this research must be considered regarding its future.
The document discusses organ donation in India. It provides information on:
1) Organ failure can occur from diseases or severe burns, requiring organ transplants to survive. Organ donation after natural or brain stem death is the only way for people to receive functioning organs.
2) Brain stem death is when all brain functions have ceased permanently but the heart is still beating, allowing organs to continue receiving oxygen. This is legally considered death and makes maximum organ donation possible.
3) There is a shortage of organ donations in India, with under 0.16 donations per million people compared to over 30 in other countries. Increasing awareness of organ donation is important to improve this situation and save lives.
Little Anthony died at age 7 because a matching stem cell donor could not be found in time to save his life, prompting his mother to start the Anthony Nolan Trust donor registry in England. Building a functional stem cell registry in India is urgently needed to help patients like Rashmi, Shivendra, and Gaurav who suffer from blood disorders and need stem cell transplants to survive. The document encourages individuals aged 18 to 50 to enroll on the registry by filling out a form and providing a blood sample so their stem cells can be typed and potentially save a life through donation.
Organ and body donation can save lives by providing organs for transplant or bodies for medical research and education. There is a shortage of organs, with an average of 19 people dying each day waiting for a transplant. To be an organ donor, one must inform family of their wishes who can then notify doctors. Organs can be donated after death or a living donor may donate a kidney. While organ donation can save lives, there are some limitations in choosing recipients or donating organs and bodies simultaneously.
Cord blood (umbilical cord blood) is the blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth. Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to ... Blood · Childbirth ·
Transplantation of human tissues and organs is an important lifesaving medical procedure. You’ll hear personal stories from both donors and recipients as well as facts from international medical authorities and learn about organ and tissue donation registries around the world. Make a commitment to become a donor, and learn how you can inspire others in your club and community to do the same.
Attendees will also enjoy a short performance from opera singer and transplant recipient Hae-Chul Lim and a small group of guest vocalists.
Baby Elizabeth is a 13 month old girl waiting for a lung transplant. She has been in the hospital for months waiting for a donor match. The author discusses the history of organ transplants and different types of transplant procedures. There is a shortage of organ donors, with over 100,000 people in the US on waiting lists. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives. The author urges readers to become organ donors to help save lives.
Bone marrow transplantation involves replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. There are three types of bone marrow transplants: autologous using the patient's own stem cells collected before treatment, allogeneic using a donor's stem cells, and syngeneic using an identical twin's stem cells. Preparations for transplant include testing and treatments to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection of the donor cells. Risks include infection, graft failure or rejection, and complications from the immune suppression. Nurses monitor patients closely during transplant for issues like pain, fatigue, infection risk, and fluid imbalances.
Stem cell transplantation involves transplanting stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood to treat diseases like cancer or blood disorders. There are two main types - autologous transplants using a patient's own stem cells and allogeneic transplants using donor stem cells. Umbilical cord blood is now commonly used as it contains young stem cells and a better HLA match is tolerated. The transplantation process involves conditioning the patient with chemotherapy or radiation, infusing the stem cells, and managing side effects like graft-versus-host disease and infections during recovery.
2013 saving lives presentation online versionColin Hall
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf after he lost his wife to blood cancer. DKMS has registered over 280,000 donors in the U.S., allowing over 650 patients to receive life-saving transplants. Bone marrow contains stem cells that can be transplanted to restore stem cells destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Potential donors must be between 18-55, in good health, and pass a medical screening. If a match is found, the donor will provide stem cells through a peripheral blood donation or bone marrow surgery.
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find matching bone marrow donors. DKMS works to register potential donors and match them with patients in need of bone marrow transplants. The organization helps organize donor drives and uses high-resolution typing to minimize search times for patients. DKMS does not charge new donors the $65 registration fee.
DKMS Saving Lives - Colin's Online VersionColin Hall
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find bone marrow donors. DKMS guides patients and families on bone marrow donation processes, helps organize donor drives, and registers donors at no cost to increase chances of finding matches for blood cancer patients in need of transplants. The document provides information on bone marrow and stem cell donations, the donation process, donor eligibility, common myths and facts, cancer statistics, and stories of cancer warriors and celebrity supporters of bone marrow donation.
CCT and LifebankUSA have formed a prolific partnership in the fields of stem cell storage and therapies. LifebankUSA is a blood banking facility that stores stem cells to treat over 80 diseases through transplantation procedures done in partnership with CCT. The two companies work to advance cancer treatments, hematological corrections, and remedies for other diseases. Their goal is to expand treatment options for conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's, and spinal cord injuries through regenerative medicine research in the next decade.
Stem cells have the ability to renew themselves and differentiate into different cell types. They can come from cord blood, bone marrow, or voluntary donors who join stem cell registries. Registries help match donors to patients needing stem cell transplants to treat diseases like leukemia. To become a donor, individuals between 18-55 undergo testing and if matched, may be asked to donate stem cells through a non-surgical blood collection process. Donors play a vital role in helping patients find matches to save their lives.
Bone marrow is a spongy, fatty tissue that is inside our bones. It creates red blood cells which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and white blood cells, which fight infection, and platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots.
This test measures the amount of creatinine in the blood to assess kidney function. Creatinine is produced from muscle breakdown and removed from the blood by the kidneys. The test is used to evaluate kidney function and monitor conditions that could impact the kidneys like diabetes, heart disease, infections. A blood sample is needed and risks are minimal but may include bruising or infection at the puncture site. Normal levels vary depending on age but are generally below 1.5 mg/dL for adults.
Bone marrow transplantation replaces unhealthy blood-forming cells with healthy ones. There are three main types of bone marrow transplants: autologous uses the patient's own cells, allogeneic uses a donor's cells, and syngeneic uses an identical twin's cells. A bone marrow transplant is carried out to treat life-threatening blood, immune, or genetic disorders like leukemia or myeloma. The transplantation process involves conditioning the patient with chemotherapy or radiation, collecting stem cells from the donor, infusing the donor's stem cells, and an engraftment period where the new stem cells establish in the bone marrow. Potential adverse effects include infections, gastrointestinal issues, and temporary hair loss.
The document discusses organ donation and transplantation. It notes that over 100,000 people are waiting for a lifesaving transplant, mostly for kidneys. It discusses the roles of living donors, deceased donors, and organ procurement organizations. It aims to address common misconceptions among medical professionals about donor eligibility requirements. Key factors that determine donor eligibility are focused on safely transplanting healthy organs.
Stem cell research has progressed significantly since the 1960s when scientists first isolated stem cells. In 1998, James Thomson derived the first human embryonic stem cell lines from the inner cell mass of human embryos. There are two main sources of embryonic stem cells: in vitro fertilization embryos and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Embryonic stem cell research holds promise for developing treatments for diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and cancer. However, it also faces ethical debates because it involves the destruction of embryos. Both advantages and disadvantages of this research must be considered regarding its future.
The document discusses organ donation in India. It provides information on:
1) Organ failure can occur from diseases or severe burns, requiring organ transplants to survive. Organ donation after natural or brain stem death is the only way for people to receive functioning organs.
2) Brain stem death is when all brain functions have ceased permanently but the heart is still beating, allowing organs to continue receiving oxygen. This is legally considered death and makes maximum organ donation possible.
3) There is a shortage of organ donations in India, with under 0.16 donations per million people compared to over 30 in other countries. Increasing awareness of organ donation is important to improve this situation and save lives.
Little Anthony died at age 7 because a matching stem cell donor could not be found in time to save his life, prompting his mother to start the Anthony Nolan Trust donor registry in England. Building a functional stem cell registry in India is urgently needed to help patients like Rashmi, Shivendra, and Gaurav who suffer from blood disorders and need stem cell transplants to survive. The document encourages individuals aged 18 to 50 to enroll on the registry by filling out a form and providing a blood sample so their stem cells can be typed and potentially save a life through donation.
Organ and body donation can save lives by providing organs for transplant or bodies for medical research and education. There is a shortage of organs, with an average of 19 people dying each day waiting for a transplant. To be an organ donor, one must inform family of their wishes who can then notify doctors. Organs can be donated after death or a living donor may donate a kidney. While organ donation can save lives, there are some limitations in choosing recipients or donating organs and bodies simultaneously.
Cord blood (umbilical cord blood) is the blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth. Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to ... Blood · Childbirth ·
Transplantation of human tissues and organs is an important lifesaving medical procedure. You’ll hear personal stories from both donors and recipients as well as facts from international medical authorities and learn about organ and tissue donation registries around the world. Make a commitment to become a donor, and learn how you can inspire others in your club and community to do the same.
Attendees will also enjoy a short performance from opera singer and transplant recipient Hae-Chul Lim and a small group of guest vocalists.
Baby Elizabeth is a 13 month old girl waiting for a lung transplant. She has been in the hospital for months waiting for a donor match. The author discusses the history of organ transplants and different types of transplant procedures. There is a shortage of organ donors, with over 100,000 people in the US on waiting lists. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives. The author urges readers to become organ donors to help save lives.
Bone marrow transplantation involves replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. There are three types of bone marrow transplants: autologous using the patient's own stem cells collected before treatment, allogeneic using a donor's stem cells, and syngeneic using an identical twin's stem cells. Preparations for transplant include testing and treatments to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection of the donor cells. Risks include infection, graft failure or rejection, and complications from the immune suppression. Nurses monitor patients closely during transplant for issues like pain, fatigue, infection risk, and fluid imbalances.
Stem cell transplantation involves transplanting stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood to treat diseases like cancer or blood disorders. There are two main types - autologous transplants using a patient's own stem cells and allogeneic transplants using donor stem cells. Umbilical cord blood is now commonly used as it contains young stem cells and a better HLA match is tolerated. The transplantation process involves conditioning the patient with chemotherapy or radiation, infusing the stem cells, and managing side effects like graft-versus-host disease and infections during recovery.
2013 saving lives presentation online versionColin Hall
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf after he lost his wife to blood cancer. DKMS has registered over 280,000 donors in the U.S., allowing over 650 patients to receive life-saving transplants. Bone marrow contains stem cells that can be transplanted to restore stem cells destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Potential donors must be between 18-55, in good health, and pass a medical screening. If a match is found, the donor will provide stem cells through a peripheral blood donation or bone marrow surgery.
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find matching bone marrow donors. DKMS works to register potential donors and match them with patients in need of bone marrow transplants. The organization helps organize donor drives and uses high-resolution typing to minimize search times for patients. DKMS does not charge new donors the $65 registration fee.
DKMS Saving Lives - Colin's Online VersionColin Hall
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find bone marrow donors. DKMS guides patients and families on bone marrow donation processes, helps organize donor drives, and registers donors at no cost to increase chances of finding matches for blood cancer patients in need of transplants. The document provides information on bone marrow and stem cell donations, the donation process, donor eligibility, common myths and facts, cancer statistics, and stories of cancer warriors and celebrity supporters of bone marrow donation.
CCT and LifebankUSA have formed a prolific partnership in the fields of stem cell storage and therapies. LifebankUSA is a blood banking facility that stores stem cells to treat over 80 diseases through transplantation procedures done in partnership with CCT. The two companies work to advance cancer treatments, hematological corrections, and remedies for other diseases. Their goal is to expand treatment options for conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's, and spinal cord injuries through regenerative medicine research in the next decade.
Stem cells have the ability to renew themselves and differentiate into different cell types. They can come from cord blood, bone marrow, or voluntary donors who join stem cell registries. Registries help match donors to patients needing stem cell transplants to treat diseases like leukemia. To become a donor, individuals between 18-55 undergo testing and if matched, may be asked to donate stem cells through a non-surgical blood collection process. Donors play a vital role in helping patients find matches to save their lives.
Bone marrow is a spongy, fatty tissue that is inside our bones. It creates red blood cells which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and white blood cells, which fight infection, and platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots.
This test measures the amount of creatinine in the blood to assess kidney function. Creatinine is produced from muscle breakdown and removed from the blood by the kidneys. The test is used to evaluate kidney function and monitor conditions that could impact the kidneys like diabetes, heart disease, infections. A blood sample is needed and risks are minimal but may include bruising or infection at the puncture site. Normal levels vary depending on age but are generally below 1.5 mg/dL for adults.
Bone marrow transplantation replaces unhealthy blood-forming cells with healthy ones. There are three main types of bone marrow transplants: autologous uses the patient's own cells, allogeneic uses a donor's cells, and syngeneic uses an identical twin's cells. A bone marrow transplant is carried out to treat life-threatening blood, immune, or genetic disorders like leukemia or myeloma. The transplantation process involves conditioning the patient with chemotherapy or radiation, collecting stem cells from the donor, infusing the donor's stem cells, and an engraftment period where the new stem cells establish in the bone marrow. Potential adverse effects include infections, gastrointestinal issues, and temporary hair loss.
A colposcopy is an examination of the cervix using a colposcope to view the cervix closely and detect any abnormal areas. It is performed in a colposcopy clinic by a trained doctor or nurse. A colposcopy may be needed if a pap smear shows abnormal cells, the last three pap smears were inadequate, or a woman has symptoms like bleeding. During the procedure, different liquids are applied to the cervix to highlight abnormalities, and biopsies may be taken. Treatment such as LLETZ or cryotherapy is usually provided to remove or destroy pre-cancerous cells if indicated by biopsy results showing CIN. Follow up pap smears are needed after treatment to monitor the cervix.
A colposcopy is an examination of the cervix using a colposcope to view the cervix closely and detect any abnormal areas. It is performed in a colposcopy clinic by a trained doctor or nurse. A colposcopy may be needed if a pap smear shows abnormal cells, the last three pap smears were inadequate, or a woman has symptoms like bleeding. During the procedure, different liquids are applied to the cervix to highlight abnormalities, and biopsies may be taken. Treatment such as LLETZ or cryotherapy is usually provided to remove or destroy pre-cancerous cells found on the cervix. Follow up pap smears are needed after treatment to monitor the cervix.
Blood is a bodily fluid that transports nutrients, oxygen, waste products, and immune cells throughout the body. It also helps regulate pH, temperature, and coagulation. Blood donation is important as it saves millions of lives each year through transfusions needed for accidents, surgeries, illnesses, and childbirth. Regular donations are encouraged, as the body replaces blood volumes within a few months and each donation can save up to three lives through separated blood components. Screening and testing of donations ensures the safety of donors and recipients.
Role of nurse in organ donation, retrievel and banking RakhiYadav53
Nurses play a vital role in organ donation, from facilitating potential donors to supporting families. They begin by identifying potential donors and managing their care until donation. Nurses guide families through the difficult process, obtain consent, and initiate the donor protocol according to hospital policy. After retrieval, organs are preserved and transported to recipients. Nurses coordinate multiple teams and care for donors and recipients through all stages of donation and transplantation. Their role is critical in this complex process.
Nine things know about stem cells treatmentpallaviparmar9
Many clinics offering stem cell treatments make claims that are not supported by a current understanding of science Stem cells have tremendous promise to help us understand and treat a range of diseases, injuries and other health-related conditions.
Choose a saviour for various life threatening diseasesNavya_Sharma
Once the cord blood is collected, it is sent to the processing facility of your choice for stem cell preservation. It’s a simple process, but a major investment in your family’s future health and well-being.
Similar to 1. lrf stem celldonorleaflet4_2043 (17)
BHS Educational Course 2012 Leukopenia & LeukocytosisAnn de Velde
This document discusses non-malignant hematology, focusing on neutropenia. It defines neutropenia as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 1500/microL and discusses the implications of different levels of severity. The key points made are: neutropenia can be caused by decreased production, ineffective granulopoiesis, or enhanced destruction; acquired causes include infection, drugs, and immune disorders; diagnostic evaluation depends on the severity and whether other cell lines are involved. The document provides guidance on diagnostic testing and clinical monitoring based on the severity of neutropenia and presence of infection.
This document discusses stem cell transplantation and histocompatibility. It explains that stem cell transplants can be rejected by the recipient's immune system, so the transplanted cells must closely match the recipient to avoid being recognized as foreign. To determine if a donor is a good immunological match, a tissue typing test identifies HLA antigens on immune cells; identical HLA antigens indicate a good match. The document provides background on HLA antigens and their role in the immune response and histocompatibility in stem cell transplantation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
2. Two further publications by Leukaemia Research are
available should you require further information about
the transplant procedure itself:
Seven Steps
Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation
To order call 020 7405 0101 or email
medicalinfo@lrf.org.uk
Written by Sister Jane Gray,
BMT Co-ordinator,
Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham
Leukaemia Research Fund
43 Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JJ
020 7405 0101 www.lrf.org.uk
Registered charity 216032
3. Being a stem cell or bone
marrow donor
This booklet has been written to tell you what is involved
when you agree to be a stem cell or bone marrow donor and
to guide you through each stage of the donation process.
Hopefully, it will go some way to answering the many questions
you may have. If there are questions that remain unanswered
please speak to the transplant doctor and/or transplant
co-ordinator nurse. Remember, they are not only there for the
patient but also for you.
1
4. What is bone marrow?
When treating some types of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma
or other diseases, donor stem cells or bone marrow are used to
improve the chances of curing the disease. A transplant can be
done early in the disease process or when the patient is in
remission following chemotherapy.
2
5. Why are my stem cells or
bone marrow needed?
Bone marrow is a spongy tissue found within certain bones in
the body. The main bones it is found in are the pelvis, sternum
(breast bone), limb bones and ribs. All blood cells are produced
in the bone marrow.
3
6. What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is the 'mother' cell in that it divides to form the
three main types of cells found in the blood. These are the red
blood cells, the white blood cells and the platelets.
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues of
the body. When these are low (anaemia) the patient feels more
tired and may look pale.
White blood cells help to protect the body against infection
from bacteria and viruses. The one most talked about is the
neutrophil. When these white cells are low (neutropaenia) the
patient is more at risk of infection.
Platelets form blood clots and help control bleeding. When these
are low (thrombocytopaenia) the patient can bruise more easily
and may take longer to stop bleeding if they cut themselves.
4
7. Why am I the donor?
The test to see if you are a suitable donor requires a sample of
blood to be taken and sent to the tissue-typing laboratory.
When testing they are not looking at the blood group as this
does not have to match, they are looking for proteins called
Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA).
A donor is chosen according to how similar their HLA type is to
the patients.
Statistically, there is a 1 in 4 chance of a brother or sister being a
full match.
It usually takes two weeks for the results of tissue typing to be
available.
Remember you are volunteering, it’s your choice to
be a donor.
If you are worried about being a donor then it may
help to talk to a member of nursing or medical staff
about your concerns. You may find that by doing this
you are less worried about undergoing the procedure
and are prepared to be a donor.
5
8. How are stem cells
collected?
There are two different ways to collect stem cells:
Bone Marrow harvest
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell collection
These two procedures are very different and will be explained in
more detail over the next few pages.
6
9. Will I have to decide
which way to collect
the cells?
Both procedures will be discussed with you at your clinic
appointment with the haematology doctor and transplant
nurse. The way the cells are collected will depend on what is
best for the patient and you as the donor.
Collecting stem cells from the peripheral blood, rather than the
bone marrow, has now become the most common method of
obtaining stem cells. However some donors, particularly
unrelated donors, may opt for a bone marrow harvest.
7
10. What happens at the
clinic appointment?
The doctor will ask about your medical history such as any
illnesses you have had, operations you have gone through or
any medical problems you are being treated for at the moment.
They will also ask if you are on any medication so it might be
an idea to bring any tablets with you for them to look at.
The doctor will examine you and your blood pressure will be
recorded.
All donors need to have routine infection screening performed 30
days before the collection takes place. These are blood tests that
look for particular viruses you have been exposed to in the past.
This is done to prevent cross infection when the cells are given to
the patient.
The infections tested for are:
Hepatitis B and C
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)
Syphilis
8
11. The results are usually available within a few days. It is a
requirement that these tests are discussed with you before they
are performed and you sign a consent form agreeing to have the
tests done. All results are confidential and a copy will be sent to
the GP only if positive. If any of the results are positive that could
have implications i.e. the HIV test, you will be called back to the
clinic to discuss the results. If you are CMV positive this is not a
risk to you but something we need to know about before you
donate your cells, therefore we would not necessarily call you
back to discuss this result.
You will be asked to sign a consent form before the procedure is
carried out. By signing this form you are agreeing that the
procedure has been explained to you and you understand any
risks involved. If you are unsure about any aspect of the
treatment proposed you must ask.
So the cells can be given freshthe harvest/collection is performed
when the patient has received most or all of their chemotherapy
and/or radiotherapy that he or she needs.
9
12. How is the bone marrow
harvest performed?
This type of harvest is carried out in theatre under a general
anaesthetic. You are usually admitted to hospital the day
before the harvest. You may need to have some blood tests and
be examined by a doctor who will discuss the procedure with
you again and ask you to sign the consent form agreeing to the
procedure.
You are not allowed to eat or drink anything from midnight the
night before theatre. On the day you will be asked to shower and
put on a hospital gown. All jewellery must be removed except a
wedding ring. When the theatre staff are ready for you a porter
and nurse will take you to theatre on your bed.
You will have a cannula (a plastic needle) inserted into the back
of your hand so the anaesthetist can give you the medication to
put you to sleep.
Bone marrow is harvested from the back of the hipbones; the
breast bone may be used in addition. A needle is put into the
bone and the bone marrow is sucked out with a syringe and
transferred into a blood bag. The harvest takes about an hour to
complete and about 1 - 1.5 litres of marrow is removed.
10
13. It sounds a lot but your body can replace this in less than three
weeks.
Once complete a dressing is put over the puncture site to stop
the site from bleeding and you are taken to the recovery room to
'wake up'. When you wake up you may have fluids running into
the cannula in your hand. This is to replace some of the fluid that
has been taken during theatre. When you are properly awake
you will be taken back to the ward.
It may be necessary to give you a blood transfusion.
Up to a month before the procedure you would have
been asked to donate one or two units of your own
blood and this would be returned to you at the time
of the harvest.
The staff on the ward will monitor you regularly checking the
puncture sites, your blood pressure, temperature and pulse. They
will also monitor your oxygen levels when you return to the ward
to recover. You will be allowed to drink now and given painkillers
for the soreness you can experience to your back and hips.
If everything goes well you will be discharged the next day with
some painkillers to take at home and some iron tablets if you are
slightly anaemic. It is advisable to rest for the next few days and
return to work the following week.
If you need a sick note for work the hospital doctor
can fill one in for you.
11
14. How is the Peripheral
Blood Stem Cell
collection performed?
We collect the stem cells by moving or 'mobilising' them into
the blood. This is done by administering growth factors in the
form of injections once, possibly twice, a day starting four days
before the date of harvest.
The growth factor used is called G-CSF, which stands for
granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and is a naturally
produced hormone, which stimulates the body to produce extra
stem cells in the bone marrow and move to the blood stream
where they are collected.
You can be taught to do the injections yourself or a family
member can do them for you. If this is not possible for any
reason the district nurse can be asked to come to your home to
give the injections. If you are receiving daily injections these will
be given in the early evening around the same time each day. If
you are having twice daily injections it is important to have the
injections eight hours apart. They should be stored in the fridge
and taken out about 30 minutes before they are to be given.
The most common side effect of the injections is a flu-like feeling
(fever, aches and joint or back pain). This symptom is temporary
12
15. and will disappear when the injections stop. It may be necessary
to take painkillers such as Paracetamol or Ibuprofen. Whatever
painkillers you take will have no effect on the stem cells,
although we would not advise you to take Aspirin or similar
products as they may cause an increased risk of bleeding when
you are disconnected from the machine after the procedure.
Taking a warm bath may also help with the symptoms.
If you experience any other side effects such as chest
pain or stomach pain it is important you speak to
someone at the hospital that prescribed the
injections. Contact telephone numbers should be
given to you at your clinic appointment.
You will be told what time you need to attend the hospital on the
day of collection. You can eat and drink normally during the
procedure and can read a book or magazine. It is not advisable to
drive yourself and whoever brings you can usually sit with you
during the procedure. If your veins are suitable you will have a
needle in one arm and one in the back of your hand. Once you
are attached to the machine you cannot be disconnected until
the procedure is completed which is usually around 4 hours.
You are attached to a machine called a cell separator. The blood
flows out of the needle and into the machine; it is then spun
through a centrifuge that spins the blood at high speed without
damaging the cells, removes the stem cells into a bag and then
returns the remaining blood through the needle in your hand.
Occasionally a donor may have poor veins and may
require the insertion of a central line, ususally in the
x-ray departement.
13
16. Your blood pressure and pulse will be recorded during the
procedure. You may feel dizzy or light headed during the
procedure and it is important to let the nurse or doctor know.
This is because the machine is removing and replacing blood and
although this is only a small amount at any one time (about a
teacupful) the change in blood volume can cause these side
effects.
There is an anticoagulant used in the machine to prevent the
blood from clotting. This may cause a sour taste in your mouth
or tingling around the lips, cheeks or fingertips as your calcium
level can drop. Giving you a tablet called Calcichew or a glass of
milk can easily treat this, again you should let the nurse or doctor
know. This only occurs in approximately 10% of patients going
on the machine but if you experience these side effects you need
to let the doctor or nurse know.
The collection is usually completed in one or two days. You may
go home after the first day and will be told or telephoned if you
need to return the next day, in which case you will require more
G-CSF injections that evening.
In rare cases we are unable to collect any or enough
cells even after three peripheral blood stem cell
harvests, it would then be necessary to complete a
bone marrow harvest.
You will feel tired after donating your stem cells but should be
able to return to work the next day.
14
17. What happens to the
cells after they have been
collected?
In both cases they are taken to the stem cell laboratory where
the stem cells are counted so we know exactly how many are
given to the patient, and then they are taken to the transplant
unit either the same or next day.
They are then given into the patient in the same way as they
would have a blood or platelet transfusion.
15
18. What if the transplant
does not work?
If the transplant does not work it is not your fault. Sometimes
the treatments we offer to patients are not successful
although they are the best treatments for them to undergo. By
donating your bone marrow or stem cells you are giving the
patient the best possible chance of a cure. Before undergoing
the transplant the patient will have been told the chances of
curing them and will know the risks they are taking.
Support will be available to you from nurses, doctors, family and
friends. Please discuss any fears or feelings you are experiencing.
16
19. Can I donate my stem
cells again?
Occasionally, a second stem cell or bone marrow harvest may be
requested. This could happen if the patient rejects the first
transplant. However, this is an unusual occurrence.
In some instances a further collection is taken from the blood of
the donor. The cells that are collected are called lymphocytes and
these are used to try and help prevent or treat relapse of disease.
The cells are obtained in the same way as the peripheral blood
stem cell harvest but this time injections are not needed. The cells
being collected are circulating in the bloodstream.
The lymphocytes are usually collected over one or two sessions of
approximately three hours each. They are then frozen and stored
in varying amounts for use as needed. This is known as a Donor
Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI). This does not work in all types of
disease or forms of relapse. The doctor will contact you if they
need to collect cells for DLI.
17
20. Leukaemia Research Fund
43 Great Ormond Street
London WC1N 3JJ
020 7405 0101
info@lrf.org.uk
www.lrf.org.uk
Registered charity 216032