This document discusses computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as the creation, manipulation, analysis and interaction with pictorial representations using computers. Some key points made include: - Computer graphics is used for image synthesis, visualization, design, interaction and more. Around 50% of the brain is associated with vision. - Applications include special effects, animation, games, visualization, design, medical imaging and more. Techniques include modeling, animation and rendering. - Rendering is the generation of 2D images from 3D models using computer programs. It involves geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting and shading information. Ray tracing and texture mapping are rendering techniques.

1. COMPUTER GRAPHICS

3. What Is Computer Graphics?
The creation , manipulation , analysis , and interaction with pictorial
representations of objects and data using computers.
More precisely: image synthesis

4. WHY COMPUTER GRAPHICS?
•About 50% of the brain neurons are associated with vision
•Dominant form of computer output
•Enrich the discovery process and facilitate new inventions

5. GOALS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 Generate synthetic images
 Do it in a practical way & scientifically sound.
 And make it look easy…

7. 1. APPLICATIONS

8. USES OF GRAPHICS
• Special effects
• Feature animation
• Computer Games
• Virtual environments
• Visualization
(science, business, cartography, ...)
• Design
• Interaction

9. ENGINEERING DESIGN

10. SCIETIFIC VISUALIZATION

11. SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION / SIMULATION
ELECTROMAGNETIC POTENTIAL FIELD COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(CFD)

12. VIRTUAL REALITY
Virtual tour of historical remains

13. IMAGE PROCESSING, ANALYSIS, AND
SYNTHESIS

14. COMPUTER ART-DIGITAL CALLIGRAPHY

15. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

16. ARCHITECTURAL IMAGE

17. MOVIES
If you can image it, it can be done with computer graphics!
More than one billion dollars on special effects.
No end in sight for this trend!

18. 2. HARDWARE AND
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE

20. 3. ANIMATION

21. ANIMATION
Model how things move
• Temporal change of
– Objects (position, orientation, size, shape, color, etc.)
– Camera (position, direction, angle, focus, etc.)
– Illumination (position, direction, color, brightness)
• Represent motion
– Sequence of stills
– Parameter curves

22. 4. MODELING

23. MODELLING

24. MODELING
How to represent real environments
– Geometry: curves, surfaces, volumes
– Photometry: light, color, reflectance
• How to build these representations
– Interactive: sculpt it
– Algorithmic: let it grow (fractals, extraction)
– Scanning: via 3D sensing
• Generate primitives
– Lines, triangles, quads, patches
– Cylinder, spheres
– Higher-order primitives

26. 5. RENDERING

27. RENDERING

28. COMPUTER GRAPHICS
BASIC
PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS

29. 1. PIXEL
Pixels are placed on a regular 2-dimensional grid,
and are often represented using dots or squares.
Each pixel is a sample of an original image, where
more samples typically provide a more accurate
representation of the original.
The intensity of each pixel is variable; in color
systems, each pixel has typically three
components such as red, green, and blue.

30. 2. GRAPHICS
 Graphics are visual presentations on a surface, such as a
computer screen. Examples are photographs, drawing, graphics
designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images.
 Graphics often combine text and illustration. Graphic design
consist of the deliberate selection, creation.

31. 3. RENDERING
 Rendering is the generation of a 2D image from a 3D model by means of
computer programs.
 A scene file contains objects in a strictly defined language or data structure;
it would contain geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting, and shading information
as a description of the virtual scene.
 The rendering program is usually built into the computer graphics software.
The term "rendering" may be by analogy with an "artist's rendering" of a scene.

32. VARIOUS RENDERING QUALITIES

38. 4. 3D PROJECTION
 3D PROJECTIONS is a method
of mapping 3D points to a 2D
plane.
 Current methods for
displaying graphical data are
based on planar two
dimensional media, the use of
this type of projection is
widespread, especially in
C.G, engineering and

39. 5. RAY TRACING
 Ray tracing is a method for creating
an image by tracing the path of light
via pixels in an image plane.
 The technique is able of creating a high
degree of photorealism; commonly higher
than that of usual scan line
rendering methods with a
greater computational cost.

40. 6. SHADING
 Shading refers to depicting depth in three
dimensional models by changing levels
of darkness.
 There are different techniques of shading
with cross hatching where perpendicular lines of
changing closeness are drawn in a grid pattern to
shade a boundary.
 The closer the lines are jointly, the darker
the area shows. Likewise, the beyond apart the
lines are, the lighter the area shows.

41. 7. TEXTURE MAPPING
Texture mapping is the process of mapping an image onto a triangle
in order to increase the detail of the rendering.
The image that gets mapped onto the triangle is called a texture
map or texture and is usually a regular color image.

42. THANK U