various forms of being 'open', as in Popper's the Open Society
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presentation at the international conference on distance education, maastricht, netherlands, june 9, 2009; on the 'open movement'
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various forms of being 'open', as in Popper's the Open Society
- 1. Open educational resources in Learning Networks Peter B. Sloep ICDE June 7-9, 2009, Maastricht, Netherlands Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 2. Overview • a bit of personal history • varieties of being ‘open’ • Learning Networks and open educational resources Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 3. History Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 4. • Isaac Asimov: The Foundation Trilogy, 1951 • about a psycho-historian, living in about 12,000 AD • psycho-history is the science that captures societal development in statistical laws Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 5. • Sir Karl Popper: The Open Society and its Enemies (1945), The Poverty of Historicism (1957) • no general laws of historical development at the system level, only laws on interaction between people • open society: devises rules that minimise the risks of bad rulers Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 6. • an open society is an end in itself, because it takes the interests of its participants at heart (moral stance) • openness in society is a means to the end of fairness, achieved through ‘tinkering’, piecemeal change (pragmatic stance) • idea: openness as used by Popper has wider ramifications than political philosophy alone Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 7. The ‘Open Movements’ Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 8. Open Interoperability Standards • oldest member • about interoperability • creates a level playing field for vendors, contra monopolies (moral) • economic benefits for consumers, more competition, no vendor lock-in (pragmatic) Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 9. Open Source Code • Richard Stallman’s Free Software Foundation: software code as public good (moral) • make money through services, not code; maintain code jointly (pragmatic) Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 10. Open Content (OER) • ‘knowledge is a public good’, Fred Mulder; ‘music should be freely downloadable’, Swedish Pirate party (moral) • economy of scales; better quality (pragmatic) Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 11. Open Learning • started in the 1970s and 80s (OU ’69, OUNL, OUJ ’84) • access to education for all, self- determination (moral) • fighting the rising cost of education, seizing business opportunities (pragmatic) Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 12. • the open movement is characterised by both a moral justification and pragmatic benefits • they should remain intertwined, just as in Popper’s conception of an open society • pragmatics without morals degrades into opportunism, morals without pragmatics may turn into ‘zealotism’ Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 13. Open Learning in Learning Networks Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 14. Open Universities • distance teaching • second best - no direct interaction among students or teacher and students • but the advent of fast, affordable networked computers can change all this .. Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 15. Learning Networks • Learning Networks, new bid for open learning or professional development • distributed: online networks of partially overlapping communities • collaborative: peers support each other Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 16. Learning Networks (2) • using web 2.0 technologies • using any resource available, but thriving on open (educational) resources • using open source-like business model: make money through additional services • offer room for open innovation Wednesday, June 10, 2009
- 17. On to my colleagues ... Wednesday, June 10, 2009