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GENETIC VERSES
CULTURAL EVOLUTION
Mousterian tools Jonzac, France
Comparison
GENETIC CULTURAL
The product of natural
selection
The product of learning. the
transmission of acquired
behaviour characteristics
Darwinian Lamarkian
Innate not modified during
the organism’s life time
Learned during the life time
Passed on through
hereditary information
Passed on to kin (family),
social group, population,
within a generation and
between generations
Slow change Fast change
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
The relative importance of genetic
and cultural evolution for humans
 Not limited to humans examples found
amongst birds and non-human primates
 Genetic evolution determines features
such as basic anatomy e.g. maximum
cranial capacity that in turn will
determine “intelligence”
 This sets the possible scope of cultural
evolution
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Hominid cultures are associated
with particular tools
Homo habilis Oldowan
culture
Simple choppers, scrapers
and flakes
Homo erectus
Acheulian culture
Hand axes, cleaver and
pick added to the tool box
Homo neanderthalensis
Mousterian culture
Large flakes of uniform size
produced from a core;
these were then trimmed
to the desired tool
Homo sapiens Soultrian
culture
Delicate blades formed,
knives, burins (for drilling);
other materials added
(bone, antler, and ivory).
Some tools now ceremonial
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
 This implies genetic evolution had to
precede cultural evolution
 Development of cultural innovation
sometimes occurs a long time after the
species evolves genetically
 But when it happens it spreads quickly
Observed evolution of cultures
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Example
 Homo sapiens evolved a large cranial
capacity and modern brain structure 150
000 years ago
 Signs of symbolic thought processes in
sculpture, wall paintings and adornments
do not appear until 35 000 years ago
 A fundamental change is thought to have
occurred about 60 to 70 000 years ago
 But is this an artefact of preservation?
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Example
 Homo sapiens evolved a large cranial
capacity and modern brain structure 150
000 years ago
 Signs of symbolic thought processes in
sculpture, wall paintings and adornments
do not appear until 35 000 years ago
 A fundamental change is thought to have
occurred about 60 to 70 000 years ago
 But is this an artefact of preservation?
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

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05 genetic v cultural_evo

  • 2. Comparison GENETIC CULTURAL The product of natural selection The product of learning. the transmission of acquired behaviour characteristics Darwinian Lamarkian Innate not modified during the organism’s life time Learned during the life time Passed on through hereditary information Passed on to kin (family), social group, population, within a generation and between generations Slow change Fast change © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
  • 3. The relative importance of genetic and cultural evolution for humans  Not limited to humans examples found amongst birds and non-human primates  Genetic evolution determines features such as basic anatomy e.g. maximum cranial capacity that in turn will determine “intelligence”  This sets the possible scope of cultural evolution © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
  • 4. Hominid cultures are associated with particular tools Homo habilis Oldowan culture Simple choppers, scrapers and flakes Homo erectus Acheulian culture Hand axes, cleaver and pick added to the tool box Homo neanderthalensis Mousterian culture Large flakes of uniform size produced from a core; these were then trimmed to the desired tool Homo sapiens Soultrian culture Delicate blades formed, knives, burins (for drilling); other materials added (bone, antler, and ivory). Some tools now ceremonial © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
  • 5.  This implies genetic evolution had to precede cultural evolution  Development of cultural innovation sometimes occurs a long time after the species evolves genetically  But when it happens it spreads quickly Observed evolution of cultures © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
  • 6. Example  Homo sapiens evolved a large cranial capacity and modern brain structure 150 000 years ago  Signs of symbolic thought processes in sculpture, wall paintings and adornments do not appear until 35 000 years ago  A fundamental change is thought to have occurred about 60 to 70 000 years ago  But is this an artefact of preservation? © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
  • 7. Example  Homo sapiens evolved a large cranial capacity and modern brain structure 150 000 years ago  Signs of symbolic thought processes in sculpture, wall paintings and adornments do not appear until 35 000 years ago  A fundamental change is thought to have occurred about 60 to 70 000 years ago  But is this an artefact of preservation? © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS