www.fukushimaaccident.net Marc De Cort "The EURDEP system during the Fukushima accident: data analysis and information exchange and the radiological consequences for Europe"

1. The EURDEP system during the Fukushima accident:
data analysis and information exchange and the
radiological consequences for Europe
Marc De Cort, DG JRC, ITU E.08, Ispra
Peter Bossew, BfS, Berlin
ITU - Institute for Transuranium Elements
Ispra - Italy
http://itu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
1

2. Content
I. EC International information and data exchange
systems
- ECURIE, emergency response, information policy
- EURDEP: dose rate, air monitors
II. synopsis of observations in Europe
- radionuclide concentrations in air
- radionuclide ratios
- estimation methods
- fallout, foodstuff
- doses
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 2

3. Part I:
EC international information and data exchange
systems
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 3

4. Council Decision
87/600
• The ECURIE system is the practical implementation of the
Council Decision 87/600. It is the early notification system for
radiological accidents of the EC.
When a Member State decides to take counter-measures, it
shall forthwith notify the Commission and the affected MS’s
• This Council Decision was taken to assure a better
preparedness and response to transboundary events as
caused by the Chernobyl accident
• The Council Decision is binding for EU Member States and
foresees that each country nominates a Contact Point (CP,
24/7 available) and Competent Authority (CA). Other
countries can subscribe on a voluntary basis.
• The Commission shall immediately forward notifications to all
the national competent authorities (CA)
• Any MS will inform the Commission of the levels of
radioactivity that it measures
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 4

5. ECURIE <> IAEA
• The worldwide counterpart of ECURIE is the early notification
system of the IAEA (EMERCON/ENATOM).
• Intense collaborations have resulted in the definition of a
common data-format (International Radiological Information
eXchange : IRIX) and an identical set of information to
exchange during an event.
• The EC has signed the IAEA early notification convention.
• WebECURIE and USIE (IAEA) will both be compatible to the
IRIX standards.
• Being able to use the same data-format for the EC and the IAEA
reduces need for duplication, therefore the EU MSs are strongly
facilitated in notifying the two organizations during an
accident.
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 5

6. European radiological
monitoring networks (status 2008)
Ambient dose-rate Air concentration
on-line stations: ±4500 on-line stations: 236 off-line stations: 383
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 6

7. EURDEP - On-line
data base - WWW
Internationally
recognized standard
format for radiological
data;
Network (35 European
countries with 4500
stations participating);
daily and hourly
transmissions, mostly γ-
dose rates;
Raw data available at 3
mirror-sites (Ispra, Italy
– Freiburg, Germany –
Luxembourg)
Web-site to view and
download data.
http://eurdep.jrc.ec.europa.eu
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 7

8. Data availability
• To all data-providers
• National and international governmental
Organizations related to emergency response
• Some exceptions for research
– Authorization by EC and/or IAEA
– Authorization by national Contact Point
– Reference to data-providers
• Public web-site
– Country imposed delay
– No download of data
– No meteo-data
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 8

9. IRMIS / EURDEP relation
• EURDEP technology available to IAEA
– Web-site with configuration file to run as
EURDEP private, EURDEP public, IRMIS private,
IRMIS public
– Further development by EC / JRC
– IAEA is part of decision making structure to
define future requirements
– All data collected under EURDEP is available at
IRMIS, all data collected under IRMIS is
available at EURDEP
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 9

10. Part II:
Observations in Europe after the accident in
Fukushima Daiichi NPP
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 10

11. 11

12. Arrival of contaminated
air in Europe
• Earthquake:
11 Mar 2011, 14:46; Approximate
passage date
Tsunami ca. 15:27 of the
• Explosions, venting maximum
concentration 2500000
• First notice in Europe: of 131I (part.).
Scale: days
CTBTO Reykjavik after 20 March 2000000
(Iceland), 20/21 Mar 11 2011. Axis 18
units: m.
• Maxima in Europe: 1500000
17 6 Apr 11
16
27 Mar – 6 April 11 15
14
1000000
13
12 1 Apr 11
11
500000
10
9
8
source: IRSN
0
7 27 Mar 11
6
-500000
-1000000
-1500000 -1000000 -500000 0 500000 1000000 1500000
12

13. Time series
• Data from 227
10000 Österös NO
Schauinsland DE
max. ca. 6 mBq/m³ Stockholm SE stations available;
Lodz PL
Vienna AT
• Different quality;
Praha CZ • 150 could be used
for spatial
I-131 (part.), µBq/m³
1000 Skopje MK
evaluations;
Athens GR
Genova IT
• Stat.-based
adaptation and
100 harmonization
necessary in many
cases
10
2.4.11 0:00
4.4.11 0:00
6.4.11 0:00
8.4.11 0:00
21.3.11 0:00
23.3.11 0:00
25.3.11 0:00
27.3.11 0:00
29.3.11 0:00
31.3.11 0:00
10.4.11 0:00
12.4.11 0:00
14.4.11 0:00
16.4.11 0:00
18.4.11 0:00
20.4.11 0:00
22.4.11 0:00
24.4.11 0:00
26.4.11 0:00
28.4.11 0:00
25
20
3
131
I (aerosol)
activity conc., Bq/m
sampling mid time 15
10
Fukushima,
Central Europe: 5
137
Cs (aerosol)
>3 orders of 0
131Iand 137Cs concentrations in air over
magnitude lower
30
30
01
01
02
02
03
03
04
04
05
05
06
06
07
07
08
08
09
09
10
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
/0
4/
4/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
5/
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Ispra (Italy) after the Chernobyl accident.
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
than Chernobyl!
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
12
00
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
:0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Source: REM database.
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 13

14. Problems of data
harmonization
4000
"true" series
3500 1 d sampling, offset 1
1 d sampling, offset 2
Establish a consistent input data set.
3000
1 d sampling, offset 3
1 d sampling, offset 4
Among problems:
• Stations have different offsets of
concentration
2500
2000
sampling period;
1500
• Stations have different durations of
1000
sampling periods.
500
4000 4000
0 3500
1 day 3500
5 10 15 20
2 days
3000 3000
days grey: simulated “true” series 2500 2500
(principle: 2000 2000
multiplicative cascade) 1500 1500
1000 1000
scaling of maximum with size of 500 500
0 0
observation window 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
4000 4000
Braunschw eig
1 Potsdam
3500 3500
Offenbach
0.9 Schauinsland 3 days 5 days
3000 3000
Skopje
0.8 MEDIAN
2500 2500
relative maximum
Reykjavik
0.7 Stockholm
Umea 2000 2000
Beograd
0.6
Linz 1500 1500
Hradec Kralove
0.5
Ostrava 1000 1000
Sevilla
0.4 Sacavém 500 500
Cáceres
0.3 Österös 0 0
Kiruna 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
0.2 Firenze
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
window size (d)
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 14

15. 131Iconcentrations
in aerosols
2500000
observed maximum within domain
2000000
(corrected for sampling offset and
duration):
6
1500000
5 6.4 mBq/m³ (±11%), Łodz, PL,
29.3.11
1000000 4
3
500000
2 source of most maps and graphs:
- P. Bossew, G. Kirchner, M. De Cort, G. de Vries, A.
1 Nishev, Luca de Felice: Radioactivity from Fukushima-
0 Dai-ichi in air over Europe, part 1: Spatio-temporal
analysis. publ. on-line, JER
0 - G. Kirchner, P. Bossew, M. De Cort: Radioactivity
from Fukushima Dai-ichi in air over Europe, part 2:
-500000 What can it tell us about the accident? publ. on-line,
JER.
Estimated distribution of maximum 131I
-1000000
(particulate) concentration over Europe.
Scale unit: mBq/m³. Axis units: m.
-1500000 -1000000 -500000 0 500000 1000000 1500000
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 15

16. 131Iconcentrations
in aerosols
plot: E[Z(U(x))|{zi}]
2500000 spatial mean in domain:
9.1 mBq*d/m³
observed max. (corr. for cut-off)
23.3 mBq*d/m³ (±4%), Utena, LT
2000000
mBq*d/m³
18
1500000
16
14
1000000
12
10
500000
8
6
0
4
-500000
-1000000
-1500000 -1000000 -500000 0 500000 1000000 1500000
Estimated distribution of time-cumulated 131I
(particulate) concentration over Europe. Scale
Chernobyl (1986); mean (Austria): 30 Bq*d/m³
unit: mBq*d/m³. Axis units: m.
AIRP Fukushima Convent, 14 September 2012. Varese 16