Tufail Ahmad is a surgical demonstrator and public health professional with training in biosafety and biosecurity. The document defines healthcare and outlines the three periods of the surgical experience: pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care. It describes types of surgeries like inpatient versus outpatient and classifications based on urgency. Surgical procedures are also graded based on invasiveness. Finally, the document discusses the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system which ranks patients from healthy (Class 1) to moribund (Class 5).

1. Tufail Ahmad Demonstrator surgical
BS SURGICAL (GOLD MEDALLIST)
MPH
Training Scientist in Fundamental of biosafety and biosecurity
The Agha University Karachi, Pakistan

2.  Definition of HEALTH CARE
 efforts made to maintain or restore physical, mental, or emotional well-being
especially by trained and licensed professionals

3.  Period of the time that constitute the surgical experience, include
Pre-operative .
Intra- operative.
Post – operative
Pre-operative care and management:- it is the preparation and management of a
patient prior to surgery.
It includes both physical and psychological preparation

4.  Intraoperative care is patient care during an operation and ancillary to that
operation.
 Activities such as monitoring the patient's vital signs, blood oxygenation levels,
fluid therapy, medication transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and retrieving
samples for laboratory tests, are examples of intraoperative care.
 Postoperative care begins at the end of the operation and continues in the
recovery room and throughout the hospitalization and outpatient period

5.  A-In pt. surgery : pt. expected to remain in the hospital fore more
than 24 hrs.
 B-0ut pt. surgery : ambulatory surgery –same day surgery pt. return to his home
in the same day of surgery.
 A-optional : at the request of pt. as cosmetic surgery .
 B-Elective : planned the convenience of pt. as removal of cyst

6.  d-Urgent : required promptly within 24-48 hrs as malignant tumor
 E-Emergency : Immediately for survival as intestinal obstruction
appendectomy

7.  Grade I (Minor) Excision of a skin lesion or drainage of abscess.
 Grade II (Intermediate)Tonsillectomy, correction of nasal septum,
arthroscopy…….
 Grade III (Major) Thyroidectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy
 Grade IV (Major+) Radical neck dissection, joint replacement, lung operations

8.  1 =A normal healthy patient
 The pathological process for which surgery is to be performed is localized and does
not entail a systemic disease.
 Example: An otherwise healthy patient scheduled for a cosmetic procedure.

9.  2 =A patient with a mild systemic disease
 A patient with systemic disease, caused either by the condition to be treated or
other pathophysiological process, but which does not
result in limitation of activity.
 Example: a patient with asthma, diabetes, or hypertension that is well controlled
with medical therapy, and has no systemic sequelae.

10.  3 = A patient with a severe systemic disease that limits activity, but is not
incapacitating
 A patient with moderate or severe systemic disease caused either by the condition
to be treated surgically or other pathophysiological
processes, which does limit activity.
 Example: a patient with uncontrolled asthma that limits activity, or diabetes that
has systemic sequelae such as retinopathy

11.  4 =A patient with an incapacitating systemic disease that is
a constant threat to life
 A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant potential threat to life.
 Example: a patient with heart failure, or a patient with renal failure requiring
dialysis.

12.  5 =A moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours with or without operation
 A patient who is at substantial risk of death within 24 hours, and is submitted to
the procedure in desperation.
 Example: a patient with fixed and dilated pupils status post a head injury.