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01 - Introduction to AM.pptx
- 2. WHY
- 5. What You See Is What You Build (WYSIWYB) by Additive Manufacturing Process
- 6. To Understand the basic functionalities of AM. To understand the main application of AM with focus on the pertinent time and cost advantages that are reliable . To Understand the seven different categories of AM processes in alignment with ASTM defined classification of AM processes Objective of AM:
- 7. To Understand the functionalities of FDM and PolyJet processes including the important system specifications. To Understand the various AM materials and their thermo- mechanical properties To Understand the Developing insights into CAD concepts that are directly relevant to AM To Understand the various post processing methods of AM.
- 8. Syllabus SL. NO TOPICS HRS 1 Introduction to AM Technologies 3 2 AM Technologies and Materials 16 3 CAD for AM 5 4 Post Processing 4 5 Applications of AM 12 TOTAL HOURS 40
- 9. 1. INTRODUCTION TO ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING & 3D PRINTING SANTHOSH E NTTF
- 10. CONTENT : -- Recall how manufacturing has evolved (which came first) – Define AM (Additive Manufacturing) and 3D Printing – Identify the advantages traditional manufacturing processes of cutting, subtractive, forming, and additive manufacturing. – Differentiate advantages and constraints of 3D printing as compared to traditional manufacturing.
- 12. • Neolithic Revolution (8,000 B.C.) Neolithic Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution 3rd Industrial Revolution
- 13. • First Industrial Revolution (1760) Neolithic Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution 3rd Industrial Revolution
- 14. • Second Industrial Revolution (1840) Neolithic Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution 3rd Industrial Revolution
- 15. • The first electronic computer (1939) Neolithic Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution 3rd Industrial Revolution
- 16. • The digital revolution (1970) Neolithic Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution 3rd Industrial Revolution
- 17. • The Third Industrial Revolution (2010) Neolithic Revolution 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution Digital Revolution 3rd Industrial Revolution
- 18. EVOLUTION OF AM
- 19. Evolution Of AM
- 20. DEFINITION
- 21. • A process of making a three- dimensional solid object by adding material Vs • “A process of joining materials to make objects from 3D models data, usually layer upon layer”* • WHAT IS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING? * The ASTM international committee F42, Wohler's Report 2014
- 22. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer- upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or one day…..human tissue. Additive Manufacturing (AM)
- 23. Common to AM technologies is the use of a computer, 3D modeling software (Computer Aided Design or CAD), machine equipment and layering material. Once a CAD sketch is produced, the AM equipment reads in data from the CAD file and lays downs or adds successive layers of liquid, powder, sheet material or other, in a layer-upon- layer fashion to fabricate a 3D object.
- 24. • 3D Printing • “Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle, or other printer technology. • The term is often used synonymously with additive manufacturing”* AN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING APPLICATION – 3D PRINTING * The ASTM international committee F42, Wohler's Report 2014
- 26. 3D Printing
- 27. • WHAT IS 3D PRINTING? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rz97KBe4-k
- 29. • MOST COMMON MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Additive Manufacturing Cutting Subtractive Manufacturing Forming
- 30. CUTTING
- 31. Definition A process of making products from varying materials using cutting tools such as laser cutters, vinyl cutters, razors and water jets Examples
- 32. Uses Modeling 2D products Modeling relatively simple products Advantages Relatively simple to manufacture and operate Simple 2D file input Quick fabrication Can be used with multiple materials Low material waste
- 33. • Fur and leather craft
- 34. • Laser cutting
- 36. Definition A process of making products by removing material from a solid object. Examples
- 37. Uses Creating 3D models and tooling Cutting “2D elements” in stronger or thicker materials which require a stronger machine Advantages Traditional, well-known method Long history of use Relatively simple to manufacture Milling bits are relatively low-cost Can be used to model strong/thick materials
- 38. • Carving
- 39. • Carving
- 40. • Drilling
- 41. • Milling
- 42. • Chiseling
- 43. Additive manufacturing vs. Subtractive manufacturing Additive Subtractive
- 44. FORMING
- 45. • SUMMARY: FORMING Definition A material deformation process that reshapes a work piece without reducing or adding material Examples
- 46. Uses Special materials Advantages Traditional, well-known method Long history of use Reducing storage space
- 47. • Glass Blowing
- 48. • Vacuum Forming "Vacuum formed '42' moulds" by Dennis van Zuijlekom is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
- 49. • Hydroforming
- 51. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Definition A process for making 3D products by primarily adding material rather than removing it. It has become synonymous with 3D printing Examples
- 52. Uses Prototyping and tooling Complex designs Modeling that requires interlocking parts Advantages Design freedom Closed systems Quick production Less waste • Low-cost manufacturing • Multiple materials (PolyJet) • Real thermoplastics (FDM)
- 53. • Stalagmites and Stalactites “Aven Orgnac Salle Sup” by Benh LIEU SONG licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
- 54. Pottery
- 55. • Pottery
- 56. • SUMMARY - MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Additive Manufacturing Cutting Subtractive Manufacturin g Forming
- 58. • Freedom • ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING – ADVANTAGES
- 59. • Closed System • ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING – ADVANTAGES
- 60. • Quick Production • ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING – ADVANTAGES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX6G-TluQHE
- 61. • Multiple Materials, One Print • ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING – ADVANTAGES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uz7LpDR-Gew
- 62. Complexity is free Variety is free No assembly required Little lead time Little-skill manufacturing Few constraints Less waste Infinite shades of materials Advantages :
- 63. Slow build rates High production costs Considerable effort in application design and setting process parameters Requires post-processing Limited component size/small build volume Poor mechanical properties Disadvantages
- 64. Stair Case Effect Layer Thickness Deviation from CAD geometry Build Time and Part orientation CHALLENGES TO AM
- 65. ECONOMIC IMPACT
- 66. • NEW BUSINESS MODELS AND SUPPLY CHAINS Supplier Network Centralized Manufacturing Site Distribution Network Customers
- 68. • CHANGES IN THE ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION Conventional manufacturing 3D printing Number of product variants - complexity Production cost Conventional manufacturing 3D printing Units manufactured (volume) Cost per unit manufactured Economies of Scale Economies of Scope
- 69. • POTENTIAL FUTURE ECONOMIC IMPACT – BY 2025 5-10% CONSUMER PRODUCTS could be 3D printable* 30-50% DIRECT PRODUCT MANUFACTURING of relevant products are replaceable with 3D printing* 30-50% TOOLS & MOLD MANUFACTURING of injected molded Plastic produced with 3D printed molds* *Source McKinsey & Company
- 70. • POTENTIAL FUTURE ECONOMIC IMPACT – BY 2025 3D Printing could generate economic impact of $230 - $550 billion Per year across the applications you see here by 2025* *Source McKinsey & Company
- 71. • The Factory of Tomorrow is Here!
- 73. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- American Society for Testing and Materials- ASTM.
- frequency-division multiplexing multiple signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line or channel, with each signal assigned to a different frequency (subchannel) within the main channel.
- Instructor's guidelines: Goals: In this section students will: define additive manufacturing, understand how 3D printing (3DP) is a subset of additive manufacturing, learn AM’s role alongside traditional manufacturing processes be introduced to the advantages and benefits of 3D printing overview of the factory and how it has evolved overtime - and how students will take advantage of how manufacturing will evolve in the future. Action: Ask your students: Define Additive Manufacturing. Is there a difference between AM and 3D printing? Discuss.
- Learning Objectives: Define AM (Additive Manufacturing) and 3D Printing Identify the advantages and pain-points of traditional manufacturing processes of cutting, subtractive, forming, and additive. Differentiate advantages and constraints of 3D printing as compared to traditional manufacturing Recall how manufacturing has evolved (which came first) Cite the economic impact of 3D Printing
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: Further qualify the advantage to 3DP Action: After understanding the differences between AM, 3DP and other manufacturing processes we would like students to familiarize themselves with the history of manufacturing and how the historical changes have impacted where the future is going and what it will look like when they become part of the workforce.
- Action: Ask students: Can you explain what is shown in this picture? How does this compare to today’s manufacturing and consumer environment? Instructor's Notes: Explain: The picture shows Neolithic man-made tools. The Neolithic Revolution was characterized by: Transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement The first specialized workers Advances in tool making Tools were created for specific use and need. People relied on personal fabrication or local toolmakers. People created tools from the material they could find locally. Creators needed to understand the materials they were working with (bone, wood, stone, etc.) and how they behaved in order to create successful tools. Image source: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/real-american-indian-arrowheads-found-dripping-482270053?src=N2l1XddON0iMkICZmASiMw-1-2
- Action: Ask students: Can you explain what is shown in this picture? What do you know about the First Industrial Revolution? Why was it important? Why do we call it “the first?” Instructor Notes: Explain: Between the Neolithic Revolution and the First Industrial Revolution, there was technological progress, but nothing as sweeping as a revolution: Ancient Greek and Roman technology Medieval technology Renaissance technology The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed they way things were made with the introduction of coal-burning and steam power. The shift from personal to ‘collaborative’ fabrication -- based on machines -- increased speed and efficiency, and also had a profound impact on society, touching nearly every aspect of daily life. People began migrating to cities in greater numbers, and populations grew. Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHartmann_Maschinenhalle_1868_(01).jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Hartmann_Maschinenhalle_1868_%2801%29.jpg [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
- Action: Ask students: Can you explain what is shown in this picture? What do you know about the Second Industrial Revolution? Why was it important? Why do we call it “the second?” Instructor Notes: Explain: This is an assembly line. The First Industrial Revolution evolved into the Second Industrial Revolution between 1840 and 1870. Developments of the Second Industrial Revolution include: The use of oil and electricity Mass production Mass-produced goods had to be simple and formatted economically. Two approaches to manufacturing were Fordism and Toyotaism – The Fordism approach believes in redundancy; continuous manufacturing regardless of specific orders. The Toyotaism approach allows a certain degree of customization; manufacturing begins when order is final. This does a better job of addressing the basic desire people have to Be part of the process Have personalized products -- things that express who they are Today both manufacturing methods are still in use, depending on the product. Today’s mass production and urban lifestyle is a product of the Second Industrial Revolution. The changes brought about by the Second Industrial Revolution live on to this day. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jimsurkamp/22640815200/in/photolist-oH1t58-p3Dkfi-oX145C-oJDXXj-p1sSDS-oTVuiv-oHxdid-9yoaWH-c7sxz9-A9ktaw-zQq73p-AL7jBJ-rQrz85-dMKUSU-dMKUTj-dMEmjB-dMKUTd-dMKUSL-ANhT9V-AL7j3s-zQq6r4-AuG6yL-ANhTpz-AK1neQ-AbDGL2-AbDGBV-ANhToT-AuG5GL-AuG62d-AK1noC
- Action: Ask students: Can you explain what is shown in this picture? What is its connection to the two parallel processes? Instructor Notes: Explain: Three machines have been promoted at various times as the first electronic computers. This image shows ENIAC. Early electronic computers used switches, in the form of vacuum tubes, instead of electromechanical relays. They also required professional people to operate. Vacuum-based computers were extremely large and could perform only moderately complex tasks. Image source: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/eniac-computer-first-generalpurpose-electronic-digital-339962852?src=Xh08gkGo_egS2AkjAXNWHQ-1-0
- Action: Ask students: Can you explain what is shown in this picture? What do you know about the Digital Revolution? Why was it important? Why do we call it a revolution? Instructor Notes: Explain: This image is a visualization of information routing paths through a portion of the Internet. The Digital Revolution was characterized by: The shift from analog, mechanical, and electronic technology to digital technology. The widespread adoption of digital computers and digital record keeping. The widespread use and interconnectedness of networked devices. Once again, the social and economic impact has been profound. Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
- Action: Ask students: Can you explain what is shown in this picture? How did it affect the work of designers, architects or engineers? Instructor Notes: Explain: The Third Industrial Revolution is a product of the Information Age, brought about by the Digital Revolution. It is characterized by: Digital manufacturing of custom products. Democratization of fabrication technology (i.e., 3D printers). Anyone can own and operate 3D printers. Anyone design and fabricate products. They can do it anywhere from factories to private homes. There’s no space limitation, so smaller-scale factories are emerging. Essentially, we’re returning to an era of personal fabrication
- A polymer is any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: To understand the definition of AM Action: Ask your students: When the Wohler's Report and ASTM added “layer upon layer” to their definition, how did that alter the meaning? Which definition is more general? Which do you think better defines additive manufacturing? Which definition do you prefer? Why? Notes for Instructor: The new definition takes the food industry out of the additive equation. (The food industry is the largest). Talk about this and ask students for their thoughts. Image source: designer Tamar Luria
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: To understand that 3D Printing is an subset of additive manufacturing Action: Share the definition aloud, make connections to the slide prior and Wohler’s & ASTMS definitions. Discuss Wohler’s definition of AM and the 3D printing definition. Is there a difference? Why or why not? Instructor Notes: Remember that 3DP is currently layer upon layer… (you may need to point this out to students to get desired response)
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: Introduce the applications and technologies module with excitement Understand today’s 3D printing applications and Stratasys technologies Action: Show video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rz97KBe4-k This video provides an overview of 3D printing applications and Stratasys technologies
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: Review and understand traditional manufacturing processes Differentiate additive and traditional manufacturing process and the benefits and when to utilize Action: To go deeper we must first check for understanding of traditional manufacturing processes Instructor Notes:
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: Review and understand traditional manufacturing processes Differentiate additive and traditional manufacturing process and the benefits and when to utilize Action: Let’s do an activity to review four manufacturing technologies. Cutting Subtractive manufacturing Forming Additive manufacturing Set up: Divide the class into four groups. Assign each group one of the above technologies. Give each group presentation materials (paper, markers, etc.) Give each group the manufactured item that relates to their technology. Explain: Each group must research their manufacturing technology and present their findings to the class. Students may use their existing knowledge, information derived from the items you’ve provided, or information found online. They will have 15-20 minutes to prepare their presentation, and three minutes to present it to the class. Each presentation will need to include the following information: What is this technology? (Definition) What does it look like? (Examples) What are the technology’s advantages? When would it be used? Encourage the students to prepare interesting, “outside-the-box” presentations. Image copy rights: From left to right: 1.Shuttersotck - https://www.shutterstock.com/download/confirm/577124980?size=huge_jpg&src=lb-71061404&sort=newestFirst&offset=6 2. Shutterstock - https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/hand-master-work-stone-carving-indonesia-141828985 3. Shutterstock - https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/glass-artist-safety-glasses-blowpipe-forming-134867897 4. Photographed by Tamar Luria, the graphic designer.
- Instructor's guidelines: When the students finish their presentation, summarize cutting technologies: Click to reveal the definition. Click to reveal advantages. Click to reveal uses. Click to advance to example photos.
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Fur and leather craft Laser cutting Image: Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Fur and leather craft Laser cutting Images: “Laser Cutting Snowflakes” by Andy Dingley, licensed under CC-BY-SA-3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
- Instructor's guidelines: When the students finish their presentation, summarize cutting technologies: Click to reveal the definition. Click to reveal advantages. Click to reveal uses. Click to advance to example photos.
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Carving Explain that this example shows the subtractive process from start to finish. Milling Chiseling Images: Left: “New York Kouros MET 32.11.1" by Talmoryair - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Right: http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/253370
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Carving Explain that this example shows the subtractive process from start to finish. Milling Chiseling Images: Left: “New York Kouros MET 32.11.1" by Talmoryair - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Right: http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/253370
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Drilling Explain that this example shows the subtractive process from start to finish. Drilling Chiseling Image: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/close-photo-dental-milling-machine-506421145
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Milling Explain that this example shows the subtractive process from start to finish. Image: Guitar milling Image courtesy of FabLab Israel (FabLabIL)
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Chiseling Explain that this example shows the subtractive process from start to finish. Image: Shutterstock - https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/hand-master-work-stone-carving-indonesia-141828985
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: To understand the differences between additive and subtractive manufacturing Action: Talk about the two pictures – additive on left and the sandstone carved structure, The Doorway of the Treasury in Petra, Jordan - (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra and http://www.visitpetra.jo/ ) In the next delicious example compare soft serve ice cream (additive) and hard ice cream (subtractive). Challenge your students to come up with more examples of additive and subtractive in their world. Instructor Notes: Traditional techniques use Subtractive Manufacturing: Carving out a model from a given volume 3D Printing is a form of Additive Manufacturing Generating a part by building it layer by layer Image source: Illustration: by David Simonds, a cartoonist, as shown in The Economist. Petra: Shutterstock: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/al-khazneh-treasury-petra-ancient-city-73231831?src=VsZMP8fregSCHCRn2cLktA-1-45
- Instructor's guidelines: When the students finish their presentation, summarize cutting technologies: Click to reveal the definition. Click to reveal advantages. Click to reveal uses. Click to advance to example photos.
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Glass blowing Vacuum forming Hydroforming Image: Shutterstock - https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/glass-artist-safety-glasses-blowpipe-forming-134867897
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Glass blowing Vacuum forming Hydroforming Image: "Vacuum formed '42' molds" by Dennis van Zuijlekom is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
- Instructor's guidelines: Click through examples: Glass blowing Vacuum forming Hydroforming
- Instructor's guidelines: When the students finish their presentation, summarize cutting technologies: Click to reveal the definition. Click to reveal advantages. Click to reveal uses. Click to advance to example photos.
- Instructor's guidelines: Explain: While additive manufacturing has become synonymous with 3D printing, all of these examples use an “additive” process and are built layer-by-layer. Stalagmites and stalactites Coil pottery 3D printing Ask students – can you think of others?
- Instructor's guidelines: Explain: While additive manufacturing has become synonymous with 3D printing, all of these examples use an “additive” process and are built layer-by-layer. Stalagmites and stalactites Coil pottery 3D printing Ask students – can you think of others?
- Instructor's guidelines: Explain: While additive manufacturing has become synonymous with 3D printing, all of these examples use an “additive” process and are built layer-by-layer. Stalagmites and stalactites Coil pottery 3D printing Ask students – can you think of others? Image source: designer Tamar Luria
- Instructor's guidelines: Explain: While additive manufacturing has become synonymous with 3D printing, all of these examples use an “additive” process and are built layer-by-layer. Stalagmites and stalactites Coil pottery 3D printing Ask students – can you think of others? Image source: designer Tamar Luria
- Instructor's guidelines: Summarize: Briefly review the covered material and the lesson’s goal. Explain: When students receive their weekly assignments, they should consider the advantages of additive manufacturing as well as other manufacturing processes that may be appropriate (lower-cost, easier, faster) for their designs. This lesson has provided the basic information to think critically about their design and fabrication options.
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: Further qualify the advantage to 3DP
- Instructor's guidelines: Explain: What does “design freedom” mean? Structure: Because 3D printing can translate a digital file into a solid object, theoretically we have no limitations regarding the product’s structure. The more complex the product, the harder it will be to fabricate using traditional methods. This example shows a solid with multiple holes and tunnels, which make it almost impossible to produce in one piece using traditional methods. Cost effectiveness: 3D printing is often less costly (especially for designing and fabricating low volumes) because it minimizes material waste and can eliminate the need for traditional tooling. Colors and materials: Traditional fabrication methods depend on the materials used. Depending on the specific 3D printing technology, we can choose the product color and material -- and even combine several and materials in a single build process. Image: Neri Oxman, Printed by Stratasys
- Instructor's guidelines: Click the play button to present the video. Explain: The additive manufacturing design process is contained in a digital CAD file. This file can include the complete product structure to be printed in one closed system. Objects can be printed in one piece, even if they contain moving, interlocking or enclosed parts.
- Instructor's guidelines: Click the play button to present the video. 3D Printing Explained in 37 Seconds! Stratasys PolyJet Technology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX6G-TluQHE Explain: All of the design work is done in the digital file (CAD) we prepare. Explain that depending on the 3D printing technology, additive manufacturing lets us combine several materials (and several colors) in a single build process. Entire products that contain multiple components can be printed in one piece.
- Instructor's guidelines: Click the play button to present the video. Vocal Vibrations Neri Oxman Also available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uz7LpDR-Gew Explain Depending on the 3D printing technology, AM lets us combine several materials (and several colors) in a single build process. All of the design work is based in the digital file we prepare, which includes all product elements to be printed one piece.
- Instructor's guidelines/goals: Further qualify the economic advantages and impact to 3DP
- Instructor Notes: 3D printing is supporting new business opportunities through localized production, on-demand delivery and inventory reduction. Imagine what it could mean to a company’s business model, to be able to redesign its entire supply chain and be able to print or actually manufacture on-demand at any location. Explain: Today’s supply chain is global, dispersed and fragmented. Design happens one place in the world. Raw materials are harvested somewhere else. Manufacturing happens somewhere else still. Additional assembly may happen in yet another location. Finished goods are shipped to warehouses for storage and distribution. Final purchase happens in yet another place. Asks students: What are the implications of this supply chain? Is this sustainable? Explain or discuss: There are many “working hands” in the process. Materials must be shifted around the globe. Packaging cost and size must be considered. Pollution occurs in one place while the users are somewhere else, so the environmental impact is often invisible to the end consumer. Large factories are dedicated to producing a single product. The carbon footprint of this supply chain is huge.
- Instructor Notes: With digital communities online like GrabCAD (grabcad.com) and Thingiverse (thingiverse.com) – one can design in one place and fabricate in another.
- Instructor Notes: The outcome is Economic Impact. Additive manufacturing is a disruptive force when it comes to production costs. Unlike conventional manufacturing, it is a fixed, predictable cost, unaffected by product variants and complexity, materials and processes. It enables the efficient production of customized and diverse parts in the same run. And, you can use the same piece of equipment for multiple purposes, such as producing prototypes and injection molds. For economies of scale: Marginal costs do not change with volume 3D printing reduces the minimum efficiency scale of manufacturing Additive is an efficient alternative for low-to medium-sized production runs For economies of scope: Production of multiple product variants using the same equipment, materials and processes Manufacturing of complex shapes with no additional costs Enablement of efficient product individualization/personalization
- Instructor Notes: It’s important to understand the economic impact that additive manufacturing could generate in the years ahead. McKinsey is predicting that 3D printing could generate economic impact of $230 billion to $550 billion per year across the applications you see here by 2025. Some of the largest sources of potential impact would come from direct manufacturing, and then molds and tools. We will talk more about this in later sections.
- Instructor Notes: It’s important to understand the economic impact that additive manufacturing could generate in the years ahead. McKinsey is predicting that 3D printing could generate economic impact of $230 billion to $550 billion per year across the applications you see here by 2025. Some of the largest sources of potential impact would come from direct manufacturing, and then molds and tools. We will talk more about this in later sections.
- Instructor Notes: Summarize: Today anyone can design using a PC. We’re gaining the ability to fabricate locally, using the nearest 3D printer or 3D production system. Access is plentiful and machine capabilities are flexible. The additive process reduces material waste as well as the need for extensive human labor and assembly. This trend is growing. Some would say the limitations of manufacturing are shrinking. For example with 3DP you are only limited by your design tool capabilities, what materials you have access to print with and the build volume of the printer (we will cover this all in more detail in coming sections). Pictured here is an additive manufacturing facility in Minnesota.