These slides were prepared by Prof. Amir Zada Asad, ex Chairman Department of Social Work, university of Peshawar. They have been modified by Dr. Imran A. Sajid.
They are based on the works of Walter Friedlander in his book Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare.
These slides provide details of pre-1601 social policy developments in England and Wales.
This presentation is highly useful for the students of BS and Masters in Social Work, Social Welfare, or Social Policy.
Dr. Imran A. Sajid
University of Peshawar
In U K Christianity played an important role in developing this Social Work concept. Because the Motto of Christianity is to “Love your Neighbor as you love yourself”, which means to be charitable towards others.
Thus today the Social Work has brought a complete change in the Western Societies and has become a Professional Service.
FOR THE STUDENTS OF SOCIAL WORK
.
These slides were prepared by Prof. Amir Zada Asad, ex Chairman Department of Social Work, university of Peshawar. They have been modified by Dr. Imran A. Sajid.
They are based on the works of Walter Friedlander in his book Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare.
This presentation is highly useful for the students of BS and Masters in Social Work, Social Welfare, or Social Policy.
Dr. Imran A. Sajid
University of Peshawar
In U K Christianity played an important role in developing this Social Work concept. Because the Motto of Christianity is to “Love your Neighbor as you love yourself”, which means to be charitable towards others.
Thus today the Social Work has brought a complete change in the Western Societies and has become a Professional Service.
FOR THE STUDENTS OF SOCIAL WORK
.
These slides were prepared by Prof. Amir Zada Asad, ex Chairman Department of Social Work, university of Peshawar. They have been modified by Dr. Imran A. Sajid.
They are based on the works of Walter Friedlander in his book Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare.
This presentation is highly useful for the students of BS and Masters in Social Work, Social Welfare, or Social Policy.
Dr. Imran A. Sajid
University of Peshawar
Presentation On Historical Development Of Social Work In USAMohd Zaid
The earliest forms of social work activities were started in the USA from time immemorial. The history of social work in the USA can be divided into the following stages.
i.The Colonial Period (1620-1776)
ii.The civil war and Industrial Revolutions (1776-1860)
iii. The Industrialization -The human side (1860-1900)
iv. Social work,seeking professional characteristics (1900-1930)
v. Highly professionalized discipline(1930-onwards)
The presentation looks into the aspect of doing group work with women. The things explained in here are that of the objectives of group work with women, its formation stages etc..
This is the updated Social Work Research slideshow (Feb 19, 2014) which includes databases and how to search them; how to use the online catalog effectively for research; how to find online books on social work through the online catalog. Questions? llord@ku.edu
Historical Development of Social Work In United KingdomDeepikaSen3
Social work has its roots in the attempts of society at large to deal with the problem of poverty and inequality. Social work is intricately linked with the idea of charity work; but must be understood in broader terms. The concept of charity goes back to ancient times, and the practice of providing for the poor has roots in all major world religion. Even before the rise of modern European states, the church was providing social services.
ln medieval England, as elsewhere, since the main motive for almsgiving was the salvation of the donor's soul, there was
usually little concern for the human being who received the
charity. Begınning in the fourteenth Century, however, some distinction was made between two classes of the poor: the able-bodied poor, who could earn their living, and the
impotent poor, who were unable to work-the blind, the lame,
the aged, the sick, young children, and pregnant women.
Presentation On Historical Development Of Social Work In USAMohd Zaid
The earliest forms of social work activities were started in the USA from time immemorial. The history of social work in the USA can be divided into the following stages.
i.The Colonial Period (1620-1776)
ii.The civil war and Industrial Revolutions (1776-1860)
iii. The Industrialization -The human side (1860-1900)
iv. Social work,seeking professional characteristics (1900-1930)
v. Highly professionalized discipline(1930-onwards)
The presentation looks into the aspect of doing group work with women. The things explained in here are that of the objectives of group work with women, its formation stages etc..
This is the updated Social Work Research slideshow (Feb 19, 2014) which includes databases and how to search them; how to use the online catalog effectively for research; how to find online books on social work through the online catalog. Questions? llord@ku.edu
Historical Development of Social Work In United KingdomDeepikaSen3
Social work has its roots in the attempts of society at large to deal with the problem of poverty and inequality. Social work is intricately linked with the idea of charity work; but must be understood in broader terms. The concept of charity goes back to ancient times, and the practice of providing for the poor has roots in all major world religion. Even before the rise of modern European states, the church was providing social services.
ln medieval England, as elsewhere, since the main motive for almsgiving was the salvation of the donor's soul, there was
usually little concern for the human being who received the
charity. Begınning in the fourteenth Century, however, some distinction was made between two classes of the poor: the able-bodied poor, who could earn their living, and the
impotent poor, who were unable to work-the blind, the lame,
the aged, the sick, young children, and pregnant women.
Presentation on records kept on the poor in England and the laws that led to these records being kept. Covers 1534 to 1900's. Aimed at family history research.
The French Revolution:
- The causes of the revolution
- Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of terror
- Fall of the Jacobins
- Rise of the Directory
- Napoleon Bonaparte
Emergence of Social Work - Week 2 and 3Rizwan Abbas
This lecture contained:
1. Need to understand History
2. Historical development of Social Work
3. Historical Background/ Roots
4. Early 20th Century
5. After 2nd World War
6. The Beveridge Report and its implementation
7. Present Social Services
8. Development of Social Work in Pakistan
9. Functions of Directorate of Social Welfare Punjab
What ways did Indian and English agricultural differ How did thes.docxphilipnelson29183
What ways did Indian and English agricultural differ? How did these differences affect the lands where the English settled?
· Indian
· Multicrop Fields- Fewer weeds, Less Erosion, Nutrient Rich
· Women did the work
· Seasonal Rotation
· English
· Single crop Fields- Plowed Rows, More Area
· Shared Labor between the genders
· Lack of Crop Rotation
· Fences/Livestock
· “Improve the Land”
· Thanks to Indian burning/crop rotation, lands settled by English nutrient rich and covered with berries.
In what ways did the extent and purposes of hunting wild animals differ in Indian and English Societies?
· Indian
· Hunted only what they could eat.
· Used spoils as gifts
· English
· Hunted what they could eat
· Then sold they rest
· Furs
How were Indian societies organized?
· Movable villages
· Men
· Hunt/Trap
· Leisure
· Fishing
· Women
· Agriculture
· Child rearing
In what ways were the economies of the Colonists shaped by their relationship with the mother country?
· Colonists viewed goods with the idea that they could sell them to the mother country. They were only allowed to trade with Britain for a long time. White pine, tobacco and beaver furs were all big export goods of the colonies.
What factors caused a shift from labor by indentured servants to enslaved Africans in Chesapeake agriculture?
· Rising wages in Britain
· Shorten contracts and Immigrants could now pay their own way to the new world
· Cost of transatlantic passage falls
· More voyages
· Larger, faster ships
· Slave trade expands, prices fall, becomes completive with Indentured servants
· Colonists wealthier, can afford slaves
What was the status of women under English law? In what ways was the status of women under the law of the colonies different from England?
· English Law
· Married women could appear in court accompanied by husband
· Single and widowed white woman could be sued, convey property and write wills
· Women could not vote, married women enjoyed limited property rights
· Widows entitled to 1/3 of husbands property at death.
· Husbands had right to manage wife’s property
Colonies
· Scarcity of people elevated women’s importance in society and law
· Surest way to wealth was widowhood- significant is society with high death rates
· Multiple marriages meant some of wealthiest people were Women
· New England- religious law, more equal treatment of men and women
How did women’s roles change in the economy from 1630-1790? How did this affect their legal and political rights?
· Prior to 1690
· Importance of household production meant women occupied prominent role in the economy and debtor-creditor relations
· After 1690
· Trade now between towns, cities, colonies and other Atlantic economies
· Use of paper debt to conduct transactions
· Means role of women greatly diminished
What was the great awakening? How did it affect churches and the relationship between ministers and the faithful?
· Great awakening
· Waves of revivals, rise in popularity of revivalism.
Similar to 00. History of British social welfare development pre_1601 era (20)
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These slides are prepared for students of BS Social Work. Social Workers come across clients in different age groups and categories. This subject helps them put the client into social, physical, psychological, and emotional perspectives.
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This presentation is highly useful for the students of BS and Masters in Social Work, Social Welfare, or Social Policy.
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00. History of British social welfare development pre_1601 era
1. History of Social Welfare
Development in the UK
(Pre-1601 era)
Source: Walter Friedlander. Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare.
By:
Prof. Amir Zada Asad
Dr. Imran A. Sajid
2. Medieval Europe
The present day Europe was not so advanced
during medieval era, rather the countries and
states faced with the worst type of Socio-
economic problems, so big that the states could
not solve these problems for centuries.
3. The problems were enormous and gigantic.
These problems included poverty, famine,
unemployment, wars, feudalism, sickness, diseases,
helplessness, illiteracy, ignorance etc.
Beggary was the biggest social problem.
4. The Role of Church and the Rise of beggary
• We know that the concept and practice of
mutual help and help to the needy was primarily
religion based.
• During medieval era, when Christianity was
declared as state religion by Charlemagne in 800
AD/ CE, in Germany the church assumed the
responsibility of helping the needy.
• The Church and the Bishop were more important than
any thing else.
5. Institutions for the poor and needy were
established in the monasteries, serving as
orphanages, homes for the aged and sick,
disabled, women, children, refuge for the
homeless.
6. These institutions for the poor were financed by
income through beggary and alms from the upper class
people.
The situation not only encouraged beggary but also
gave it a respectable status in the society.
Under these conditions beggary grew exponentially
throughout Europe as asking for alms was not only an
easy way of living a life but also respectable as the
alms income was shared with the missionaries and
monks, as well as spent on Crusaders returning from or
on their way to the holy wars.
7. As a result of this situation, beggary became a
serious social problem throughout Europe.
Bands of able-bodied beggars and vagrants traveled
from place to place and robbed and looted and even
put on arson villages and dwellings where alms were
refused to them.
8. • This situation became intolerable and became a dreadful
event for many isolated villages.
• Even today, if mothers frighten their children by the
lullaby-( to lull a child to sleep)
• Hark hark, the dogs bark, the beggars come to the town
9. • The older church institutions, in which charity was
rendered- monasteries, abbeys, convents, were
partly replaced by the hospital’s which
administered the old, sick, orphans, pregnant
women, abandoned children etc.
• They became the main agencies of medieval
charity.
10. • However, few of the needy found a place in
these institutions and many wandering
beggars remained on roads and were a curse
with which state as well as the local
governments was unable to cope.
11. • The Conflicts
• Two conflicts arose at that time viz
1. the difference of opinion regarding charities and alms giving
as well as
2. the misuse of alms by the church authorities.
• This led to a severe criticism, demand for control
measures, and the setting up of boards of
supervision by the state.
12. In order to stop vagrancy and mendicancy,
many European countries enacted laws
prescribing severe penalties, but none
succeeded in wiping out the menace of
vagrancy, because this was a “religious
mendicancy”.
13. During 16th century this conflict became
more violent.
Martin Luther in 1520, in Germany appealed
the Christian nobility of the German nation to
ban beggary and to arrange a ‘common chest’
to collect money, food and clothes for
distribution among the needy and destitute.
14. • He appealed that regular donations be made in
addition to the voluntary contribution to these
chests.
• In a sense this was the recognition of the
community responsibility to support and maintain
its own poor.
• This did little to change the social conditions of
destitute families
15. Welfare Legislation during 14th-16th century
1. 1349—the first poor law
2. 1531—licensing beggars in specified areas
3. 1536—confiscation of all the church properties and
resulting laws
4. 1562—Statute of Artificers
5. 1563—Weekly Tax
6. 1572—the parliament imposing a tax
7. 1576—House of Correction
8. 1597—provided for the appointment of church wardens
16. THE FIRST WELFARE ENACTMENT IN
ENGLAND
• 1349, STATUTE OF LABOUR
• The first poor law in England
was based on a national
catastrophe.
• In 1348 plague or ‘Black
Death’ was caused by
infected rats brought from
Levant Greece, on a ship.
• This plague killed two third
of the entire English
population within two years.
17.
18. • This situation resulted in extreme shortage of
laborers for agriculture purpose.
• As a result of the shortage of laborers the wages
also shot-up which was resisted by the landed
class.
• On the insistence of the landed aristocracy, King
Edward –III issued the first statute called the
“Statute of Labourers of 1349”.
19. • It ordered that ;
1. Able-bodied laborers without means
must accept employment from any
master willing to hire them and
2. forbade them to leave their parish.
3. Citizens were not allowed to give alms
to able-bodied beggars.”
Statute of Labourers, 1349
20. • Very cruel punishment such as being
1. put into the stock,
2. whipping,
3. mutilating by cutting the nose and ears,
4. branding, and
5. finally hanging the able-bodied beggars
• was ordered.
• This law was designed to prevent vagrancy and beggary
and to force the rural laborers to stay on the lands and
was the first to replace the clerical orders by secular
trends, from church to the state.
21. • During 15th century another economic change happened
in England.
• During this period the woolen industry came into being
and was more profitable than agriculture.
• Agricultural lands were converted into pasture lands and
big herds of sheep were kept by the land owners.
• For keeping herds of sheep very few workers were
needed as compared to tilling the lands.
1531- licensing beggars in specified areas.
22. • This gave birth to another wave of un-
employment and poverty.
• Consequently, many agricultural laborers resolved
to beggary.
• The aged, the sick, and the disabled were suffering
to the maximum.
• Many people applied for help to the parish.
23. • Keeping in view this situation, some reforms were
introduced by King Henry –VIII in 1531.
1. It was ordered that Mayors and Justice of Peace will
investigate application of the impotent beggars who were
maintained by parish.
2. Such beggars were registered and licensed to beg in an
assigned area.
• This law was the beginning of the recognition of the
public responsibility for the poor.
• Still exemplary punishments were given to vagabonds.
24. • In 1536, king Henry-VIII , ordered the confiscation of all
the church properties.
• With this, the source of support to many vanished.
• The guilds and other organizations of support had already
vanished during 15th century.
• As a result of the confiscation of church property, it
became necessary to provide otherwise for the relief of
the poor.
1536, confiscation of all the church properties
and resulting laws.
25. Consequently, the government of England in 1536, Under the
Statute of 1536, established the first plan of public relief. It
ordered that ‘
“Paupers could be registered in their parishes only after they had
resided in the county for three years. The parish had to maintain
the impotent poor from the voluntary funds of the parishioners
through church collection.”
26. 1. Able bodied beggars were forced to work.
2. Idle children of age 5-14 were taken away from their
parents and were indentured.
1. Boys of age 5-14 were indentured with craftsmen in the
towns to learn some technical jobs and
2. Girls with wealthy people to keep them as mad-servants up
till the age of 21 years.
27. • In 1562, another law was passed known as the “Statute
of Artificers”.
• Under this law the wages and working hours were
regulated and a system of apprenticeship introduced.
• Able-bodied unemployed poor and beggars between
the age of 12-60 years could be hired as servants.
1562, Statute of Artificers
28. • Due to confiscation of church properties, the role
of church was minimized.
• Many families and individual who were dependent
on the church, were left unprotected.
• Many thousands of monks, priests and nuns who
were formerly employed by churches became
unemployed and the ranks of poor swelled.
29. • As a result work became scarce and the prices of
food rose, poverty increased and thus beggary
increased.
• In order to finance the parish poor, the parliament
had to impose a compulsory measure of Weekly
Contribution by the parishioner based on income
and property in 1563.
1563, Weekly Tax
30. • In 1572, Queen Elizabeth signed a Statute of the
parliament imposing a General Tax to
1. provide fund for the poor relief and
2. appointed overseers for the administration of the new law.
• This law finally recognized the government responsibility
for providing aid to the poor who could not maintained
themselves.
1572, the parliament imposing a General
Tax
31. • In 1576, the government established the “houses of
Correction” which came to be known as “Work Houses”
later.
• These ‘houses of correction’ were supplied with
– wool,
– iron,
– hemp,
– flex,
• where able bodied poor and unemployed and particularly the young
were forced to work.
• It was a kind of ‘food for work’ and ‘accommodation for work’
program.. Here people living in poverty were given food and
accommodations in return for unpaid work
1576, House of Correction
32. • In 1597, another statute was passed which provided for
the appointment of Church Wardens and four
parishioners / householders to oversee the poor law
system in the locality.
• Alms houses were established for the help of impotent
poor like aged, blind, disabled etc who could not work.
• This law made responsible parents/ children for the
maintenance of each other.
1597, Church Wardens, Alms Houses
Editor's Notes
Brenda Dubois and Karla Miley. (1995). Social Work: An Empowering Profession